EP3285123B1 - Vorrichtung zum aufziehen eines uhrwerks - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum aufziehen eines uhrwerks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3285123B1
EP3285123B1 EP17183848.5A EP17183848A EP3285123B1 EP 3285123 B1 EP3285123 B1 EP 3285123B1 EP 17183848 A EP17183848 A EP 17183848A EP 3285123 B1 EP3285123 B1 EP 3285123B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding device
stainless steel
winding
austenitic stainless
friction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17183848.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3285123A1 (de
Inventor
Sergio De Almeida Graca
Vannina Linck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolex SA
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Rolex SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolex SA filed Critical Rolex SA
Publication of EP3285123A1 publication Critical patent/EP3285123A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3285123B1 publication Critical patent/EP3285123B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00—Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B5/00—Automatic winding up
    • G04B5/02—Automatic winding up by self-winding caused by the movement of the watch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B5/00—Automatic winding up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00—Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G04B11/02—Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction
    • G04B11/022—Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction with a ratchet which makes contact with the rotating member by means of teeth
    • G04B11/024—Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction with a ratchet which makes contact with the rotating member by means of teeth rotatable about a fixed axis by means of spring action
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B27/00—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means
    • G04B27/02—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means by making use of the winding means
    • G04B27/04—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means by making use of the winding means with clutch wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B3/00—Normal winding of clockworks by hand or mechanically; Winding up several mainsprings or driving weights simultaneously
    • G04B3/006—Mechanical winding up; winding up with special equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B7/00—Combined normal and automatic winding up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0069—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for working with non-mechanical means, e.g. chemical, electrochemical, metallising, vapourising; with electron beams, laser beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
    • G04D3/0079—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for gearwork components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/08—Geometrical arrangement of the graduations
    • G04B19/082—Geometrical arrangement of the graduations varying from the normal closed scale

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component of a winding device, in particular automatic, of a watch movement, as well as a winding device, in particular automatic, a watch movement and a timepiece as such, comprising such a component. It also relates to a method of manufacturing a component of a winding device, more generally of a watch movement.
  • An automatic winding device of the state of the art makes it possible, by a kinematic chain, to connect an oscillating weight to a barrel, so as to allow the winding of a barrel spring.
  • the figure 1 illustrates more particularly a part of a mobile of a kinematic chain of an automatic winding device of the state of the art.
  • This mobile comprises in particular two pawls 1, 2 cooperating with a toothed wheel 3 which is integral with a pinion 4.
  • the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4 are driven in rotation under the actuation of the pawls 1, 2 which are both pivoted on an automaton wheel, not shown in the figure. figure 1 , itself rotated in a first direction of rotation.
  • a second automatic winding mode corresponding to a second direction of rotation of the oscillating weight
  • the pawls 1 and 2 have no effect on the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4, and oscillate at high speed relative to the toothed wheel 3, along their respective pivot axis, under the rotation of the automaton wheel in a second direction of rotation.
  • the pinion 4 and the toothed wheel 3 are actuated in rotation under the effect of a manual winding chain. The rotation of the wheel 3 releases the toothing of the wheel 3 from the pawls 1 and 2 which oscillate at high speed, or even at very high speed, according to their respective pivot axis.
  • the second and third winding modes place more stress on the components at the tribological level due to the high-speed, even very high-speed oscillations of the pawls: in fact, friction speeds are measured in the case of a pawl at minus 5 kHz with manual winding, which can even exceed 10 kHz.
  • the frequencies of oscillation of the axes of a mechanical oscillator of a watch movement are generally of the order of 3 to 5 Hz, which represents very different constraints from those of a winding device.
  • the pawls and the toothed wheel are generally stamped in steels of type Ck60, Finemac or 20AP.
  • the figures 3a and 3b in fact represent the friction surfaces of a pawl of the state of the art in Ck60 steel after aging, respectively in a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image in chemical contrast and in an optical microscopy image. It appears that a large part of the functional area surface, identifiable by darker areas in these figures, has changed with aging.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the results of chemical analysis of these surfaces using an EDX microprobe: the dark areas correspond to the presence of oxidation products, which turn out to be iron oxide.
  • the pronounced oxide formation on the rubbing surfaces is typical of the tribo-oxidation mechanism.
  • optical images show more precisely that the oxide on the surfaces has a brown to red color, typical of hematite (Fe2O3), which is a mineral with a hardness of approximately 1000-1100 HV, which comes from waste mixtures of oxides which form form on the two surfaces in contact before becoming embedded on each surface.
  • the initial Ck60 steel has a hardness of the order of 720 HV.
  • the mineral deposited with aging therefore has a high abrasion potential compared to softer metal surfaces.
  • the waste caused by tribo-oxidation is therefore one of the causes of the degradation in performance observed during the aging of the winding device of the state of the art.
  • the Applicant has therefore identified for the first time the presence of a corrosion phenomenon appearing at the interface between the two components of the winding device, and more precisely the appearance of an iron oxide, which causes accelerated wear.
  • the overall aging of a winding system is also linked to the wear of components other than those of a winding device as detailed above: the solution of the state of the art is based on on a winding device which therefore increases the overall wear of a winding system.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an improved solution for a device for winding, in particular automatic, a watch movement, which does not include all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art.
  • the invention therefore seeks a solution of components for a watch movement winding device which is more resistant to corrosion, even at very high friction frequencies, in particular greater than or equal to 5 kHz.
  • the invention is based on a component of a winding device, in particular automatic, of a watch movement, characterized in that it is made of austenitic stainless steel and in that it comprises at least one friction surface hardened by reinforcing atoms introduced into austenitic stainless steel to a predetermined depth.
  • the invention is based on a device for winding, in particular automatic, a watch movement, according to claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a pawl and a toothed wheel of an automatic device or automatic winding device of a watch movement.
  • the pawl is provided to cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel. More particularly, the pawl is pivoted so as to cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel by means of noses in particular arranged at its ends.
  • the pawl could be provided to cooperate with a toothing and / or a cam of the automatic winding device, with or without a return spring.
  • this invention could be implemented on any other component of a winding device undergoing friction, in particular on any pair of metal components comprising an interface generating high frequency friction. It could for example be implemented on a ratchet of ratchet of a winding device, whether it is a manual or automatic winding device.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a pawl 12 of a winding device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • This pawl comprises two nozzles 13, 14 at its two ends, which cooperate alternately with a toothed wheel, such as toothed wheel 3 of the figure 1 , according to the three operating modes implemented for reassembly, as explained previously.
  • a friction surface 15, 16 of a functional zone which is subjected to the friction torque with the toothed wheel.
  • the embodiment proposes to manufacture the pawl 12 from an austenitic stainless steel, for example a steel of type 316L, the friction surfaces 15, 16 of which undergo a particular treatment consisting in diffusing atoms of carbon or nitrogen over a determined depth.
  • This pawl is designed to cooperate with a conventional toothed wheel, for example made of 20AP or Finemac type steel.
  • the method comprises a polishing step between the two preceding steps. It also advantageously comprises a final polishing step after the treatment step, the function of which is to flatten the friction surfaces, for example over 2-3 ⁇ m, to make the treated surfaces perfectly smooth.
  • the figures 5a and 5b illustrate the friction surfaces observed after the same pawl aging protocol according to the embodiment as that of the state of the art illustrated in the figures 3a and 3b . It clearly appears that the friction surfaces of the pawl according to the embodiment of the invention almost no longer have dark areas, unlike the observation described with reference to the figures 3a and 3b .
  • the chemical analysis shows that the few dark spots are due to iron and / or chromium oxide, in particular chromite (FeCr 2 O 4 ), which is responsible for the superior oxidation resistance of the pawl depending on the mode of realization during friction.
  • the iron oxide found on the pawl is mainly formed on the toothed wheel and then transferred to the surface of the pawl.
  • the figure 7 also illustrates the effect obtained with the winding device according to the embodiment.
  • This figure represents the torques measured on a winding device of the state of the art, between a Ck60 steel pawl associated with a 20AP steel toothed wheel, by the sticks 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 in a new condition for respectively several speeds at the ratchet and by the sticks 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 in an old condition for the different speeds at the ratchet respectively, compared to the torques measured on the device of winding according to the embodiment of the invention, by sticks 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 in new condition for the different ratchet speeds respectively and by sticks 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74 in aged condition for the different ratchet speeds respectively.
  • the figure 7 shows that before aging, the torque measured for the components according to the embodiment of the invention is very slightly lower than that measured for the components of the state of the art. After aging, the difference between the two measurements becomes very significant.
  • the components according to the embodiment of the invention exhibit a reduction in torque while the components of the state of the art exhibit a radical increase in the torque measured, which illustrates their significant decrease in efficiency over time.
  • the solution implemented by the embodiment of the invention even makes it possible to reduce the friction torques over time, which allows the winding device to improve its performance as it ages.
  • This effect is very interesting since it makes it possible, for example, to compensate for the aging of the winding system linked to the wear of other components.
  • Another advantage of the invention stems from the fact that the watch movement winding device is less sensitive to magnetism due to the materials used.
  • the embodiment has been described using a treated austenitic stainless steel ratchet, associated with a standard wheel.
  • the wheel can be even made of austenitic stainless steel, and its teeth, at least their friction surfaces, can be hardened by a treatment as described above.
  • the austenitic stainless steel chosen in the embodiment is type 316L, but any other austenitic stainless steel could be used, such as 304L or 904L.
  • the invention is not limited to the winding device described and could as a variant be implemented on any other metal component of a winding device having any other architecture, more precisely on at least one of its components undergoing wear. by friction.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement which comprises a winding device, in particular automatic, as described above. It also relates to a timepiece, such as a wristwatch, which includes such a watch movement.
  • the invention also relates to a manufacturing method according to claim 8.
  • Another embodiment which does not form part of the invention relates to any metal component of a watch movement subjected to significant friction against another metal component, for example a lever, in particular a lever nose which is designed to cooperate with a cam, in particular in the context of a retrograde mechanism.
  • Yet another embodiment which does not form part of the invention relates to links of a steel bracelet, which also undergo a great deal of friction in contact with their axes of rotation.

Claims (10)

  1. Vorrichtung zum, insbesondere automatischen, Aufziehen eines Uhrwerks, umfassend zwei Metallbauteile, die durch eine Schnittstelle zusammenwirken, die eine Reibung erfährt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens das eine der Bauteile aus austenitischem rostfreiem Stahl ist, umfassend wenigstens eine Reibungsfläche, die durch Kohlenstoff- oder Stickstoffatome gehärtet ist, die über eine vorbestimmte Tiefe in den austenitischen rostfreien Stahl eingebracht sind.
  2. Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorbestimmte Tiefe zwischen einschließlich 5 und 40 µm beträgt.
  3. Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wenigstens eine gehärtete Reibungsfläche eine Härte größer als oder gleich 1000 HV aufweist.
  4. Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der austenitische rostfreie Stahl vom Typ 316L, 304L oder 904L ist.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Bauteil eine Klinke oder ein Zahnrad ist.
  6. Uhrwerk, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 umfasst.
  7. Uhr, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Uhrwerk nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch umfasst.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen eines Uhrwerks nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es das Herstellen wenigstens eines Metallbauteils durch die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Bilden des Bauteils aus einem Band aus rostfreiem austenitischen Stahl;
    - Behandeln wenigstens einer Reibungsfläche des erhaltenen Bauteils durch Integration von Kohlenstoff- oder Stickstoff-Verstärkungsatomen über eine vorbestimmte Tiefe.
  9. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Behandelns darin besteht, das Teil einem Gas auszusetzen, insbesondere Methan oder Propan für eine Karburierung, Ammoniak oder Distickstoff für eine Nitrierung oder einem Gemisch der beiden für eine Nitrokarburierung, bei einer Temperatur unter 500 °C, um die Bildung von Chromcarbiden oder Chromnitriden zu vermeiden, oder einer thermochemischen Behandlung wie einer Zementation oder einer Nitrierung oder einer Nitrokarburierung oder einer Ionenimplantation oder einer Diffusionswärmebehandlung.
  10. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Schritt des Polierens zwischen den Schritten des Bildens und des Behandelns und/oder einen Schritt des Polierens der wenigstens einen behandelten Reibungsfläche nach dem Schritt des Behandelns umfasst.
EP17183848.5A 2016-08-15 2017-07-28 Vorrichtung zum aufziehen eines uhrwerks Active EP3285123B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16184191 2016-08-15

Publications (2)

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EP3285123A1 EP3285123A1 (de) 2018-02-21
EP3285123B1 true EP3285123B1 (de) 2021-04-14

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Country Status (5)

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US (1) US11144011B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3285123B1 (de)
JP (1) JP7127970B2 (de)
CN (1) CN107765535B (de)
CH (1) CH712813B1 (de)

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CH717663A1 (fr) * 2020-07-16 2022-01-31 Richemont Int Sa Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce horlogère, comportant une implantation ionique d'au moins deux types d'atomes.

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP7127970B2 (ja) 2022-08-30
CN107765535A (zh) 2018-03-06
CH712813A2 (fr) 2018-02-15
US11144011B2 (en) 2021-10-12
EP3285123A1 (de) 2018-02-21
CN107765535B (zh) 2022-08-23
JP2018066721A (ja) 2018-04-26
US20180046141A1 (en) 2018-02-15
CH712813B1 (fr) 2021-11-30

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