EP3285123B1 - Device for winding a clock movement - Google Patents

Device for winding a clock movement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3285123B1
EP3285123B1 EP17183848.5A EP17183848A EP3285123B1 EP 3285123 B1 EP3285123 B1 EP 3285123B1 EP 17183848 A EP17183848 A EP 17183848A EP 3285123 B1 EP3285123 B1 EP 3285123B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding device
stainless steel
winding
austenitic stainless
friction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17183848.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3285123A1 (en
Inventor
Sergio De Almeida Graca
Vannina Linck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolex SA
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Rolex SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3285123A1 publication Critical patent/EP3285123A1/en
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Publication of EP3285123B1 publication Critical patent/EP3285123B1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00—Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B5/00—Automatic winding up
    • G04B5/02—Automatic winding up by self-winding caused by the movement of the watch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B5/00—Automatic winding up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00—Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G04B11/02—Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction
    • G04B11/022—Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction with a ratchet which makes contact with the rotating member by means of teeth
    • G04B11/024—Devices allowing the motion of a rotatable part in only one direction with a ratchet which makes contact with the rotating member by means of teeth rotatable about a fixed axis by means of spring action
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B27/00—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means
    • G04B27/02—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means by making use of the winding means
    • G04B27/04—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means by making use of the winding means with clutch wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B3/00—Normal winding of clockworks by hand or mechanically; Winding up several mainsprings or driving weights simultaneously
    • G04B3/006—Mechanical winding up; winding up with special equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B7/00—Combined normal and automatic winding up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0069—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for working with non-mechanical means, e.g. chemical, electrochemical, metallising, vapourising; with electron beams, laser beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
    • G04D3/0079—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for gearwork components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/08—Geometrical arrangement of the graduations
    • G04B19/082—Geometrical arrangement of the graduations varying from the normal closed scale

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component of a winding device, in particular automatic, of a watch movement, as well as a winding device, in particular automatic, a watch movement and a timepiece as such, comprising such a component. It also relates to a method of manufacturing a component of a winding device, more generally of a watch movement.
  • An automatic winding device of the state of the art makes it possible, by a kinematic chain, to connect an oscillating weight to a barrel, so as to allow the winding of a barrel spring.
  • the figure 1 illustrates more particularly a part of a mobile of a kinematic chain of an automatic winding device of the state of the art.
  • This mobile comprises in particular two pawls 1, 2 cooperating with a toothed wheel 3 which is integral with a pinion 4.
  • the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4 are driven in rotation under the actuation of the pawls 1, 2 which are both pivoted on an automaton wheel, not shown in the figure. figure 1 , itself rotated in a first direction of rotation.
  • a second automatic winding mode corresponding to a second direction of rotation of the oscillating weight
  • the pawls 1 and 2 have no effect on the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4, and oscillate at high speed relative to the toothed wheel 3, along their respective pivot axis, under the rotation of the automaton wheel in a second direction of rotation.
  • the pinion 4 and the toothed wheel 3 are actuated in rotation under the effect of a manual winding chain. The rotation of the wheel 3 releases the toothing of the wheel 3 from the pawls 1 and 2 which oscillate at high speed, or even at very high speed, according to their respective pivot axis.
  • the second and third winding modes place more stress on the components at the tribological level due to the high-speed, even very high-speed oscillations of the pawls: in fact, friction speeds are measured in the case of a pawl at minus 5 kHz with manual winding, which can even exceed 10 kHz.
  • the frequencies of oscillation of the axes of a mechanical oscillator of a watch movement are generally of the order of 3 to 5 Hz, which represents very different constraints from those of a winding device.
  • the pawls and the toothed wheel are generally stamped in steels of type Ck60, Finemac or 20AP.
  • the figures 3a and 3b in fact represent the friction surfaces of a pawl of the state of the art in Ck60 steel after aging, respectively in a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image in chemical contrast and in an optical microscopy image. It appears that a large part of the functional area surface, identifiable by darker areas in these figures, has changed with aging.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the results of chemical analysis of these surfaces using an EDX microprobe: the dark areas correspond to the presence of oxidation products, which turn out to be iron oxide.
  • the pronounced oxide formation on the rubbing surfaces is typical of the tribo-oxidation mechanism.
  • optical images show more precisely that the oxide on the surfaces has a brown to red color, typical of hematite (Fe2O3), which is a mineral with a hardness of approximately 1000-1100 HV, which comes from waste mixtures of oxides which form form on the two surfaces in contact before becoming embedded on each surface.
  • the initial Ck60 steel has a hardness of the order of 720 HV.
  • the mineral deposited with aging therefore has a high abrasion potential compared to softer metal surfaces.
  • the waste caused by tribo-oxidation is therefore one of the causes of the degradation in performance observed during the aging of the winding device of the state of the art.
  • the Applicant has therefore identified for the first time the presence of a corrosion phenomenon appearing at the interface between the two components of the winding device, and more precisely the appearance of an iron oxide, which causes accelerated wear.
  • the overall aging of a winding system is also linked to the wear of components other than those of a winding device as detailed above: the solution of the state of the art is based on on a winding device which therefore increases the overall wear of a winding system.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose an improved solution for a device for winding, in particular automatic, a watch movement, which does not include all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art.
  • the invention therefore seeks a solution of components for a watch movement winding device which is more resistant to corrosion, even at very high friction frequencies, in particular greater than or equal to 5 kHz.
  • the invention is based on a component of a winding device, in particular automatic, of a watch movement, characterized in that it is made of austenitic stainless steel and in that it comprises at least one friction surface hardened by reinforcing atoms introduced into austenitic stainless steel to a predetermined depth.
  • the invention is based on a device for winding, in particular automatic, a watch movement, according to claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a pawl and a toothed wheel of an automatic device or automatic winding device of a watch movement.
  • the pawl is provided to cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel. More particularly, the pawl is pivoted so as to cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel by means of noses in particular arranged at its ends.
  • the pawl could be provided to cooperate with a toothing and / or a cam of the automatic winding device, with or without a return spring.
  • this invention could be implemented on any other component of a winding device undergoing friction, in particular on any pair of metal components comprising an interface generating high frequency friction. It could for example be implemented on a ratchet of ratchet of a winding device, whether it is a manual or automatic winding device.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a pawl 12 of a winding device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • This pawl comprises two nozzles 13, 14 at its two ends, which cooperate alternately with a toothed wheel, such as toothed wheel 3 of the figure 1 , according to the three operating modes implemented for reassembly, as explained previously.
  • a friction surface 15, 16 of a functional zone which is subjected to the friction torque with the toothed wheel.
  • the embodiment proposes to manufacture the pawl 12 from an austenitic stainless steel, for example a steel of type 316L, the friction surfaces 15, 16 of which undergo a particular treatment consisting in diffusing atoms of carbon or nitrogen over a determined depth.
  • This pawl is designed to cooperate with a conventional toothed wheel, for example made of 20AP or Finemac type steel.
  • the method comprises a polishing step between the two preceding steps. It also advantageously comprises a final polishing step after the treatment step, the function of which is to flatten the friction surfaces, for example over 2-3 ⁇ m, to make the treated surfaces perfectly smooth.
  • the figures 5a and 5b illustrate the friction surfaces observed after the same pawl aging protocol according to the embodiment as that of the state of the art illustrated in the figures 3a and 3b . It clearly appears that the friction surfaces of the pawl according to the embodiment of the invention almost no longer have dark areas, unlike the observation described with reference to the figures 3a and 3b .
  • the chemical analysis shows that the few dark spots are due to iron and / or chromium oxide, in particular chromite (FeCr 2 O 4 ), which is responsible for the superior oxidation resistance of the pawl depending on the mode of realization during friction.
  • the iron oxide found on the pawl is mainly formed on the toothed wheel and then transferred to the surface of the pawl.
  • the figure 7 also illustrates the effect obtained with the winding device according to the embodiment.
  • This figure represents the torques measured on a winding device of the state of the art, between a Ck60 steel pawl associated with a 20AP steel toothed wheel, by the sticks 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 in a new condition for respectively several speeds at the ratchet and by the sticks 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 in an old condition for the different speeds at the ratchet respectively, compared to the torques measured on the device of winding according to the embodiment of the invention, by sticks 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 in new condition for the different ratchet speeds respectively and by sticks 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74 in aged condition for the different ratchet speeds respectively.
  • the figure 7 shows that before aging, the torque measured for the components according to the embodiment of the invention is very slightly lower than that measured for the components of the state of the art. After aging, the difference between the two measurements becomes very significant.
  • the components according to the embodiment of the invention exhibit a reduction in torque while the components of the state of the art exhibit a radical increase in the torque measured, which illustrates their significant decrease in efficiency over time.
  • the solution implemented by the embodiment of the invention even makes it possible to reduce the friction torques over time, which allows the winding device to improve its performance as it ages.
  • This effect is very interesting since it makes it possible, for example, to compensate for the aging of the winding system linked to the wear of other components.
  • Another advantage of the invention stems from the fact that the watch movement winding device is less sensitive to magnetism due to the materials used.
  • the embodiment has been described using a treated austenitic stainless steel ratchet, associated with a standard wheel.
  • the wheel can be even made of austenitic stainless steel, and its teeth, at least their friction surfaces, can be hardened by a treatment as described above.
  • the austenitic stainless steel chosen in the embodiment is type 316L, but any other austenitic stainless steel could be used, such as 304L or 904L.
  • the invention is not limited to the winding device described and could as a variant be implemented on any other metal component of a winding device having any other architecture, more precisely on at least one of its components undergoing wear. by friction.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement which comprises a winding device, in particular automatic, as described above. It also relates to a timepiece, such as a wristwatch, which includes such a watch movement.
  • the invention also relates to a manufacturing method according to claim 8.
  • Another embodiment which does not form part of the invention relates to any metal component of a watch movement subjected to significant friction against another metal component, for example a lever, in particular a lever nose which is designed to cooperate with a cam, in particular in the context of a retrograde mechanism.
  • Yet another embodiment which does not form part of the invention relates to links of a steel bracelet, which also undergo a great deal of friction in contact with their axes of rotation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un composant d'un dispositif de remontage, notamment automatique, d'un mouvement horloger, ainsi qu'un dispositif de remontage, notamment automatique, un mouvement horloger et une pièce d'horlogerie en tant que tels, comprenant un tel composant. Elle porte aussi sur un procédé de fabrication d'un composant d'un dispositif de remontage, plus généralement d'un mouvement horloger.The invention relates to a component of a winding device, in particular automatic, of a watch movement, as well as a winding device, in particular automatic, a watch movement and a timepiece as such, comprising such a component. It also relates to a method of manufacturing a component of a winding device, more generally of a watch movement.

Un dispositif de remontage automatique de l'état de la technique permet, par une chaine cinématique, de relier une masse oscillante à un barillet, de manière à permettre l'armage d'un ressort de barillet.An automatic winding device of the state of the art makes it possible, by a kinematic chain, to connect an oscillating weight to a barrel, so as to allow the winding of a barrel spring.

La figure 1 illustre plus particulièrement une partie d'un mobile d'une chaîne cinématique d'un dispositif de remontage automatique de l'état de la technique. Ce mobile comprend notamment deux cliquets 1, 2 coopérant avec une roue dentée 3 qui est solidaire d'un pignon 4. Dans un premier mode de remontage automatique, correspondant à un premier sens de rotation de la masse oscillante, la roue dentée 3 et le pignon 4 sont entraînés en rotation sous l'actionnement des cliquets 1, 2 qui sont tous deux pivotés sur une roue d'automate, non représentée sur la figure 1, elle-même actionnée en rotation selon un premier sens de rotation. Dans un deuxième mode de remontage automatique, correspondant à un deuxième sens de rotation de la masse oscillante, les cliquets 1 et 2 sont sans effet sur la roue dentée 3 et le pignon 4, et oscillent à haute vitesse relativement à la roue dentée 3, selon leur axe de pivotement respectif, sous la rotation de la roue d'automate selon un deuxième sens de rotation. Dans un troisième mode de remontage manuel, le pignon 4 et la roue dentée 3 sont actionnés en rotation sous l'effet d'une chaîne de remontage manuel. La rotation de la roue 3 dégage la denture de la roue 3 des cliquets 1 et 2 qui oscillent à haute vitesse, voire à très haute vitesse, selon leur axe de pivotement respectif.The figure 1 illustrates more particularly a part of a mobile of a kinematic chain of an automatic winding device of the state of the art. This mobile comprises in particular two pawls 1, 2 cooperating with a toothed wheel 3 which is integral with a pinion 4. In a first automatic winding mode, corresponding to a first direction of rotation of the oscillating mass, the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4 are driven in rotation under the actuation of the pawls 1, 2 which are both pivoted on an automaton wheel, not shown in the figure. figure 1 , itself rotated in a first direction of rotation. In a second automatic winding mode, corresponding to a second direction of rotation of the oscillating weight, the pawls 1 and 2 have no effect on the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4, and oscillate at high speed relative to the toothed wheel 3, along their respective pivot axis, under the rotation of the automaton wheel in a second direction of rotation. In a third manual winding mode, the pinion 4 and the toothed wheel 3 are actuated in rotation under the effect of a manual winding chain. The rotation of the wheel 3 releases the toothing of the wheel 3 from the pawls 1 and 2 which oscillate at high speed, or even at very high speed, according to their respective pivot axis.

Ces trois modes de remontage, bien connus des dispositifs d'automate de la demanderesse, sont notamment rendus possibles par la conformation asymétrique de la denture de la roue 3, ainsi que par la géométrie spécifique des cliquets 1, 2, en particulier des becs des cliquets 1, 2. Dans les trois modes, les becs des cliquets 1, 2 coopèrent avec les dents de la roue dentée 3 et il existe un couple de frottement entre les surfaces de frottement de ces composants, ce qui génère des phénomènes d'usure avec le vieillissement. Les deuxième et troisième modes de remontage sollicitent plus fortement les composants au niveau tribologique du fait des oscillations à haute vitesse, voire à très haute vitesse, des cliquets : en effet, on mesure des vitesses de frottement dans le cas d'un cliquet à au moins 5 kHz en remontage manuel, pouvant même dépasser 10 kHz. A titre indicatif, les fréquences d'oscillation des axes d'un oscillateur mécanique d'un mouvement horloger sont en général de l'ordre de 3 à 5 Hz, ce qui représente des contraintes très différentes de celles d'un dispositif de remontage. Les cliquets et la roue dentée sont en général étampés dans des aciers de type Ck60, Finemac ou 20AP. Avec ces réalisations de l'état de la technique, il apparaît une usure prononcée lors du vieillissement avancé du dispositif d'automate, comme cela est détaillé ci-dessous. Cette usure dégrade le rendement de l'automate et il en résulte un risque de perte de performance de remontage après vieillissement avancé.These three winding modes, well known to the applicant's automatic device, are made possible in particular by the asymmetrical shape of the toothing of the wheel 3, as well as by the specific geometry of the pawls 1, 2, in particular of the nozzles of the wheels. pawls 1, 2. In the three modes, the jaws of the pawls 1, 2 cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel 3 and there is a friction torque between the friction surfaces of these components, which generates wear phenomena with aging. The second and third winding modes place more stress on the components at the tribological level due to the high-speed, even very high-speed oscillations of the pawls: in fact, friction speeds are measured in the case of a pawl at minus 5 kHz with manual winding, which can even exceed 10 kHz. As an indication, the frequencies of oscillation of the axes of a mechanical oscillator of a watch movement are generally of the order of 3 to 5 Hz, which represents very different constraints from those of a winding device. The pawls and the toothed wheel are generally stamped in steels of type Ck60, Finemac or 20AP. With these embodiments of the state of the art, there appears a pronounced wear during the advanced aging of the automatic device, as is detailed below. This wear degrades the efficiency of the automaton and the result is a risk of loss of winding performance after advanced aging.

Les figures 3a et 3b représentent en effet les surfaces de frottement d'un cliquet de l'état de la technique en acier Ck60 après vieillissement, respectivement en image à microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) en contraste chimique et en image de microscopie optique. Il apparaît qu'une grande partie de la surface de la zone fonctionnelle, identifiable par des zones plus foncées sur ces figures, a changé avec le vieillissement. La figure 4 illustre les résultats d'analyse chimique de ces surfaces par microsonde EDX : les zones foncées correspondent à une présence de produits d'oxydation, qui s'avèrent être de l'oxyde de fer.The figures 3a and 3b in fact represent the friction surfaces of a pawl of the state of the art in Ck60 steel after aging, respectively in a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image in chemical contrast and in an optical microscopy image. It appears that a large part of the functional area surface, identifiable by darker areas in these figures, has changed with aging. The figure 4 illustrates the results of chemical analysis of these surfaces using an EDX microprobe: the dark areas correspond to the presence of oxidation products, which turn out to be iron oxide.

La formation prononcée d'oxyde sur les surfaces frottantes est typique du mécanisme de tribo-oxydation. De plus, les images optiques montrent plus précisément que l'oxyde sur les surfaces a une couleur brun à rouge, typique de l'hématite (Fe2O3), qui est un minéral dont la dureté est sensiblement de 1000-1100 HV, qui provient de déchets de mélanges d'oxydes qui se forment sur les deux surfaces en contact avant de s'incruster sur chaque surface. L'acier Ck60 initial a une dureté de l'ordre de 720 HV. Le minéral déposé avec le vieillissement a par conséquent un fort potentiel d'abrasion par rapport aux surfaces métalliques moins dures. Les déchets provoqués par la tribo-oxydation sont donc une des causes de la dégradation des performances observées lors du vieillissement du dispositif de remontage de l'état de la technique. La Demanderesse a donc identifié pour la première fois la présence d'un phénomène de corrosion apparaissant à l'interface entre les deux composants du dispositif de remontage, et plus précisément l'apparition d'un oxyde de fer, qui provoque une usure accélérée.The pronounced oxide formation on the rubbing surfaces is typical of the tribo-oxidation mechanism. In addition, optical images show more precisely that the oxide on the surfaces has a brown to red color, typical of hematite (Fe2O3), which is a mineral with a hardness of approximately 1000-1100 HV, which comes from waste mixtures of oxides which form form on the two surfaces in contact before becoming embedded on each surface. The initial Ck60 steel has a hardness of the order of 720 HV. The mineral deposited with aging therefore has a high abrasion potential compared to softer metal surfaces. The waste caused by tribo-oxidation is therefore one of the causes of the degradation in performance observed during the aging of the winding device of the state of the art. The Applicant has therefore identified for the first time the presence of a corrosion phenomenon appearing at the interface between the two components of the winding device, and more precisely the appearance of an iron oxide, which causes accelerated wear.

D'autre part, le vieillissement global d'un système de remontage est aussi lié à l'usure d'autres composants que ceux d'un dispositif de remontage tel que détaillé ci-dessus : la solution de l'état de la technique repose sur un dispositif de remontage qui accentue donc l'usure globale d'un système de remontage.On the other hand, the overall aging of a winding system is also linked to the wear of components other than those of a winding device as detailed above: the solution of the state of the art is based on on a winding device which therefore increases the overall wear of a winding system.

La présente invention a pour objet de proposer une solution améliorée pour un dispositif de remontage, notamment automatique, de mouvement horloger, qui ne comprend pas tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'état de la technique.The object of the present invention is to propose an improved solution for a device for winding, in particular automatic, a watch movement, which does not include all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art.

Ainsi, un objet général de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif de remontage de mouvement horloger qui comporte un comportement amélioré vis-à-vis du vieillissement avancé par rapport aux solutions de l'état de la technique. Pour cela, l'invention cherche à atteindre l'un des deux objets suivants :

  • un premier objet consiste en un dispositif de remontage de mouvement horloger qui comporte un rendement sensiblement constant dans le temps ; ou, de manière plus ambitieuse,
  • un second objet consiste en un dispositif de remontage de mouvement horloger qui comporte un rendement augmentant avec le temps pour réduire au mieux le vieillissement global d'un système de remontage.
Thus, a general object of the invention is to provide a watch movement winding device which has improved behavior with respect to advanced aging compared to the solutions of the state of the art. For this, the invention seeks to achieve one of the following two objects:
  • a first object consists of a device for winding a watch movement which has a performance that is substantially constant over time; or, more ambitiously,
  • a second object consists of a watch movement winding device which has an efficiency which increases with time in order to best reduce the overall aging of a winding system.

Plus spécifiquement, l'invention cherche donc une solution de composants pour dispositif de remontage de mouvement horloger qui résiste mieux à la corrosion, même à des fréquences de frottement très élevée, notamment supérieure ou égale à 5 kHz.More specifically, the invention therefore seeks a solution of components for a watch movement winding device which is more resistant to corrosion, even at very high friction frequencies, in particular greater than or equal to 5 kHz.

A cet effet, l'invention repose sur un composant de dispositif de remontage, notamment automatique, de mouvement horloger, caractérisé en ce qu'il est en acier inoxydable austénitique et en ce qu'il comprend au moins une surface de frottement durcie par des atomes de renfort introduits dans l'acier inoxydable austénitique sur une profondeur prédéterminée.To this end, the invention is based on a component of a winding device, in particular automatic, of a watch movement, characterized in that it is made of austenitic stainless steel and in that it comprises at least one friction surface hardened by reinforcing atoms introduced into austenitic stainless steel to a predetermined depth.

Plus précisément, l'invention repose sur un dispositif de remontage, notamment automatique, de mouvement horloger, selon la revendication 1.More precisely, the invention is based on a device for winding, in particular automatic, a watch movement, according to claim 1.

L'invention est plus précisément définie par les revendications.The invention is more precisely defined by the claims.

Ces objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation particulier fait à titre non-limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 représente une partie d'un mobile d'une chaîne cinématique d'un dispositif de remontage de l'état de la technique.
  • La figure 2 représente un cliquet d'un mobile d'une chaîne cinématique d'un dispositif de remontage selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
  • Les figures 3a et 3b représentent les surfaces de frottement d'un cliquet de l'état de la technique en acier Ck60 après vieillissement.
  • La figure 4 illustre les résultats d'analyse chimique des surfaces de frottement des figures 3a et 3b du cliquet de l'état de la technique par microsonde EDX.
  • Les figures 5a et 5b représentent les surfaces de frottement d'un cliquet après vieillissement selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
  • La figure 6 illustre les résultats d'analyse chimique de ces surfaces de frottement des figures 5a et 5b du cliquet selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention par microsonde EDX.
  • La figure 7 représente les résultats de tests comparatifs de cliquets de l'état de la technique et du mode de réalisation de l'invention.
These objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be explained in detail in the following description of a particular embodiment made without limitation in relation to the accompanying figures, among which:
  • The figure 1 represents a part of a mobile of a kinematic chain of a winding device of the state of the art.
  • The figure 2 represents a pawl of a mobile of a kinematic chain of a winding device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • The figures 3a and 3b represent the friction surfaces of a ratchet of the state of the art in Ck60 steel after aging.
  • The figure 4 illustrates the results of chemical analysis of the friction surfaces of figures 3a and 3b the ratchet of the state of the art using an EDX microprobe.
  • The figures 5a and 5b represent the friction surfaces of a pawl after aging according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • The figure 6 illustrates the results of chemical analysis of these friction surfaces of figures 5a and 5b of the pawl according to the embodiment of the invention by an EDX microprobe.
  • The figure 7 represents the results of comparative tests of pawls of the state of the art and of the embodiment of the invention.

Selon le mode de réalisation qui va être décrit, l'invention concerne un cliquet et une roue dentée d'un dispositif d'automate ou de remontage automatique d'un mouvement horloger. Selon ce mode de réalisation, le cliquet est prévu pour coopérer avec la denture de la roue dentée. Plus particulièrement, le cliquet est pivoté de façon à coopérer avec la denture de la roue dentée par le biais de becs notamment disposés à ses extrémités. Alternativement, le cliquet pourrait être prévu pour coopérer avec une denture et/ou une came du dispositif de remontage automatique, avec ou sans ressort de rappel. Plus généralement, cette invention pourrait être implémentée sur tout autre composant d'un dispositif de remontage subissant des frottements, notamment sur tout couple de composants métalliques comprenant une interface générant des frottements à haute fréquence. Elle pourrait par exemple être implémentée sur un cliquet de rochet d'un dispositif de remontage, qu'il s'agisse d'un dispositif de remontage manuel ou automatique.According to the embodiment which will be described, the invention relates to a pawl and a toothed wheel of an automatic device or automatic winding device of a watch movement. According to this embodiment, the pawl is provided to cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel. More particularly, the pawl is pivoted so as to cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel by means of noses in particular arranged at its ends. Alternatively, the pawl could be provided to cooperate with a toothing and / or a cam of the automatic winding device, with or without a return spring. More generally, this invention could be implemented on any other component of a winding device undergoing friction, in particular on any pair of metal components comprising an interface generating high frequency friction. It could for example be implemented on a ratchet of ratchet of a winding device, whether it is a manual or automatic winding device.

La figure 2 illustre un cliquet 12 d'un dispositif de remontage selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Ce cliquet comprend deux becs 13, 14 au niveau de ses deux extrémités, qui coopèrent alternativement avec une roue dentée, telle que la roue dentée 3 de la figure 1, selon les trois modes de fonctionnement mis en œuvre pour le remontage, comme explicité précédemment. Sur chacun de ces becs 13, 14, il a été identifié respectivement une surface de frottement 15, 16 d'une zone fonctionnelle qui subit le couple de frottement avec la roue dentée.The figure 2 illustrates a pawl 12 of a winding device according to one embodiment of the invention. This pawl comprises two nozzles 13, 14 at its two ends, which cooperate alternately with a toothed wheel, such as toothed wheel 3 of the figure 1 , according to the three operating modes implemented for reassembly, as explained previously. On each of these nozzles 13, 14, it has been identified respectively a friction surface 15, 16 of a functional zone which is subjected to the friction torque with the toothed wheel.

Pour pallier ces phénomènes, le mode de réalisation propose de fabriquer le cliquet 12 à partir d'un acier inoxydable austénitique, par exemple un acier de type 316L, dont les surfaces de frottement 15, 16 subissent un traitement particulier consistant à diffuser des atomes de carbone ou d'azote sur une profondeur déterminée. Ce cliquet est prévu pour coopérer avec une roue dentée conventionnelle, par exemple en acier de type 20AP ou Finemac.To alleviate these phenomena, the embodiment proposes to manufacture the pawl 12 from an austenitic stainless steel, for example a steel of type 316L, the friction surfaces 15, 16 of which undergo a particular treatment consisting in diffusing atoms of carbon or nitrogen over a determined depth. This pawl is designed to cooperate with a conventional toothed wheel, for example made of 20AP or Finemac type steel.

Le procédé de fabrication d'un tel cliquet selon le mode de réalisation comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • étampage du cliquet dans une bande en acier inoxydable austénitique 316L ;
  • traitement d'au moins une surface de frottement du cliquet consistant à diffuser des atomes de renfort de type carbone ou azote dans la maille cristalline de l'acier sur une profondeur prédéterminée, de préférence comprise entre 5 et 40 microns inclus. Ce traitement peut consister à soumettre la pièce à un gaz (méthane ou propane pour la carburation, ammoniac ou diazote pour la nitruration et un mélange des deux pour la nitro-carburation), à une température inférieure à 500°C, pour éviter la formation de carbures de chrome ou de nitrures de chrome. A titre d'exemple, ce traitement peut consister en une Kolstérisation®, ou un traitement thermochimique comme une cémentation, une nitruration, une nitro-carburation, une implantation ionique, un traitement thermique de diffusion, etc. Ce traitement est choisi de sorte à obtenir un durcissement des surfaces traitées jusqu'à une dureté supérieure ou égale à 1000 HV. Un tel traitement n'est pas détaillé puisqu'il s'agit d'utiliser une technique connue de l'état de la technique.
The method of manufacturing such a pawl according to the embodiment comprises the following steps:
  • stamping of the pawl in a strip of austenitic stainless steel 316L;
  • treatment of at least one friction surface of the pawl consisting in diffusing reinforcing atoms of carbon or nitrogen type in the crystalline mesh of the steel to a predetermined depth, preferably between 5 and 40 microns inclusive. This treatment may consist in subjecting the part to a gas (methane or propane for carburization, ammonia or dinitrogen for nitriding and a mixture of the two for nitro-carburizing), at a temperature below 500 ° C, to prevent the formation of of chromium carbides or chromium nitrides. By way of example, this treatment can consist of a Kolsterization®, or a thermochemical treatment such as cementation, nitriding, nitro-carburization, ion implantation, diffusion heat treatment, etc. This treatment is chosen so as to obtain a hardening of the treated surfaces to a hardness greater than or equal to 1000 HV. Such a treatment is not detailed since it involves using a technique known from the state of the art.

Avantageusement, le procédé comprend une étape de polissage entre les deux étapes précédentes. Il comprend aussi avantageusement une étape de polissage final après l'étape de traitement, dont la fonction est d'aplatir les surfaces de frottement, par exemple sur 2-3 µm, pour rendre les surfaces traitées parfaitement lisses.Advantageously, the method comprises a polishing step between the two preceding steps. It also advantageously comprises a final polishing step after the treatment step, the function of which is to flatten the friction surfaces, for example over 2-3 μm, to make the treated surfaces perfectly smooth.

Les figures 5a et 5b illustrent les surfaces de frottement constatées après le même protocole de vieillissement du cliquet selon le mode de réalisation que celui de l'état de la technique illustré sur les figures 3a et 3b. Il apparait clairement que les surfaces de frottement du cliquet selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention ne comportent presque plus de zones foncées, au contraire du constat décrit en référence avec les figures 3a et 3b. De plus, l'analyse chimique, dont les résultats sont illustrés par la figure 6, montre que les quelques taches foncées sont dues à de l'oxyde de fer et/ou de chrome, notamment de la chromite (FeCr2O4), qui est responsable de la résistance à l'oxydation supérieure du cliquet selon le mode de réalisation lors du frottement. En remarque, l'oxyde de fer constaté sur le cliquet est principalement formé sur la roue dentée puis transféré sur la surface du cliquet.The figures 5a and 5b illustrate the friction surfaces observed after the same pawl aging protocol according to the embodiment as that of the state of the art illustrated in the figures 3a and 3b . It clearly appears that the friction surfaces of the pawl according to the embodiment of the invention almost no longer have dark areas, unlike the observation described with reference to the figures 3a and 3b . In addition, the chemical analysis, the results of which are illustrated by the figure 6 , shows that the few dark spots are due to iron and / or chromium oxide, in particular chromite (FeCr 2 O 4 ), which is responsible for the superior oxidation resistance of the pawl depending on the mode of realization during friction. As a note, the iron oxide found on the pawl is mainly formed on the toothed wheel and then transferred to the surface of the pawl.

La figure 7 illustre aussi l'effet obtenu avec le dispositif de remontage selon le mode de réalisation. Cette figure représente les couples mesurés sur un dispositif de remontage de l'état de la technique, entre un cliquet en acier Ck60 associé à une roue dentée en acier 20AP, par les bâtons 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 dans un état neuf pour respectivement plusieurs vitesses au rochet et par les bâtons 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 dans un état vieilli pour respectivement les différentes vitesses au rochet, comparés aux couples mesurés sur le dispositif de remontage selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention, par les bâtons 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 dans un état neuf pour respectivement les différentes vitesses au rochet et par les bâtons 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74 dans un état vieilli pour respectivement les différentes vitesses au rochet. Le vieillissement a été obtenu en remontant manuellement la montre par la tige, ce qui correspond au troisième mode de fonctionnement du dispositif, provoquant ainsi la rotation de la roue dentée et son frottement contre le cliquet qui oscille selon son axe de pivotement. En remarque, il s'agit ici des conditions d'usure les plus sévères pour les cliquets car ils sont toujours en configuration décliquée et oscillent, notamment frottent, à haute vitesse contre la roue dentée.The figure 7 also illustrates the effect obtained with the winding device according to the embodiment. This figure represents the torques measured on a winding device of the state of the art, between a Ck60 steel pawl associated with a 20AP steel toothed wheel, by the sticks 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 in a new condition for respectively several speeds at the ratchet and by the sticks 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 in an old condition for the different speeds at the ratchet respectively, compared to the torques measured on the device of winding according to the embodiment of the invention, by sticks 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 in new condition for the different ratchet speeds respectively and by sticks 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74 in aged condition for the different ratchet speeds respectively. Aging was obtained by manually winding the watch by the stem, which corresponds to the third mode of operation of the device, thus causing the rotation of the toothed wheel and its friction against the pawl which oscillates about its pivot axis. As a note, these are the most severe wear conditions for the pawls because they are always in the clicked configuration and oscillate, in particular rub, at high speed against the toothed wheel.

La figure 7 montre qu'avant vieillissement, le couple mesuré pour les composants selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention est très légèrement inférieur à celui mesuré pour les composants de l'état de la technique. Après vieillissement, l'écart entre les deux mesures devient très significatif. Les composants selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention présentent une réduction du couple alors que les composants de l'état de la technique présentent une augmentation radicale du couple mesuré, ce qui illustre leur diminution significative de rendement avec le temps.The figure 7 shows that before aging, the torque measured for the components according to the embodiment of the invention is very slightly lower than that measured for the components of the state of the art. After aging, the difference between the two measurements becomes very significant. The components according to the embodiment of the invention exhibit a reduction in torque while the components of the state of the art exhibit a radical increase in the torque measured, which illustrates their significant decrease in efficiency over time.

Ainsi, contre tous les préjugés, la solution mise en oeuvre par le mode de réalisation de l'invention permet même de réduire les couples de frottement avec le temps, ce qui permet au dispositif de remontage d'améliorer sa performance en vieillissant. Cet effet est très intéressant puisqu'il permet par exemple de compenser le vieillissement du système de remontage lié à l'usure d'autres composants. Un autre avantage de l'invention provient du fait que le dispositif de remontage de mouvement horloger est moins sensible au magnétisme du fait des matériaux utilisés.Thus, against all prejudices, the solution implemented by the embodiment of the invention even makes it possible to reduce the friction torques over time, which allows the winding device to improve its performance as it ages. This effect is very interesting since it makes it possible, for example, to compensate for the aging of the winding system linked to the wear of other components. Another advantage of the invention stems from the fact that the watch movement winding device is less sensitive to magnetism due to the materials used.

Le mode de réalisation a été décrit à partir d'un cliquet en acier inoxydable austénitique traité, associé à une roue standard. En variante, la roue peut être de même en acier inoxydable austénitique, et ses dents, au moins leurs surfaces de frottement, peuvent être durcies par un traitement tel que décrit précédemment. D'autre part, l'acier inoxydable austénitique choisi dans le mode de réalisation est de type 316L, mais tout autre acier inoxydable austénitique pourrait être utilisé, comme du 304L ou du 904L.The embodiment has been described using a treated austenitic stainless steel ratchet, associated with a standard wheel. Alternatively, the wheel can be even made of austenitic stainless steel, and its teeth, at least their friction surfaces, can be hardened by a treatment as described above. On the other hand, the austenitic stainless steel chosen in the embodiment is type 316L, but any other austenitic stainless steel could be used, such as 304L or 904L.

Naturellement, l'invention ne se limite pas au dispositif de remontage décrit et pourrait en variante être implémentée sur tout autre composant métallique d'un dispositif de remontage se présentant sous toute autre architecture, plus précisément sur au moins un de ses composants subissant une usure par frottement.Naturally, the invention is not limited to the winding device described and could as a variant be implemented on any other metal component of a winding device having any other architecture, more precisely on at least one of its components undergoing wear. by friction.

L'invention porte aussi sur un mouvement horloger qui comprend un dispositif de remontage, notamment automatique, tel que décrit précédemment. Elle porte aussi sur une pièce d'horlogerie, comme une montre bracelet, qui comprend un tel mouvement horlogerThe invention also relates to a watch movement which comprises a winding device, in particular automatic, as described above. It also relates to a timepiece, such as a wristwatch, which includes such a watch movement.

L'invention porte aussi sur un procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 8.The invention also relates to a manufacturing method according to claim 8.

Un autre mode de réalisation qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention concerne tout composant métallique d'un mouvement horloger soumis à des frottements importants contre un autre composant métallique, par exemple un levier, notamment un bec de levier qui est prévu pour coopérer avec une came, notamment dans le cadre d'un mécanisme rétrograde. Encore un autre mode de réalisation qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention concerne des mailles d'un bracelet en acier, qui subissent aussi de nombreux frottements au contact de leurs axes de rotation.Another embodiment which does not form part of the invention relates to any metal component of a watch movement subjected to significant friction against another metal component, for example a lever, in particular a lever nose which is designed to cooperate with a cam, in particular in the context of a retrograde mechanism. Yet another embodiment which does not form part of the invention relates to links of a steel bracelet, which also undergo a great deal of friction in contact with their axes of rotation.

Claims (10)

  1. A winding device, in particular an automatic winding device, of a timepiece movement, comprising two metal components that cooperate through an interface that is subjected to friction, characterized in that at least one of said components is in austenitic stainless steel, comprising at least one friction surface hardened by carbon or nitrogen type atoms introduced into the austenitic stainless steel over a predetermined depth.
  2. The winding device as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that the predetermined depth is between 5 and 40 µm inclusive.
  3. The winding device as claimed in either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one hardened fiction surface has a hardness greater than or equal to 1000 HV.
  4. The winding device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the austenitic stainless steel is of 316L, 304L or 904L type.
  5. The winding device as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one component is a click or a toothed wheel.
  6. A timepiece movement, characterized in that it comprises a winding device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. A timepiece, characterized in that it comprises a timepiece movement as claimed in the preceding claim.
  8. A process for manufacturing a timepiece movement winding device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the manufacture of at least one metal component via the following steps:
    - forming the component into an austenitic stainless steel strip;
    - treating at least one friction surface of the component obtained, consisting in integrating reinforcing atoms of carbon or nitrogen type over a predetermined depth.
  9. The process for manufacturing a winding device as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that the treatment step consists in subjecting the timepiece to a gas, in particular methane or propane for a carburization, ammonia or molecular nitrogen for a nitridation or a mixture of the two for nitrocarburization, at a temperature below 500°C, in order to prevent the formation of chromium carbides or chromium nitrides, or to a thermochemical treatment such as a case hardening, or a nitridation, or a nitrocarburization, or an ion implantation, or a diffusion heat treatment.
  10. The process for manufacturing a winding device as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it comprises a polishing step between the forming and treating steps and/or a step of polishing the at least one treated friction surface after the treatment step.
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CN107765535A (en) 2018-03-06
US11144011B2 (en) 2021-10-12
CH712813B1 (en) 2021-11-30
CH712813A2 (en) 2018-02-15
CN107765535B (en) 2022-08-23
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EP3285123A1 (en) 2018-02-21
US20180046141A1 (en) 2018-02-15

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