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Definitions

• the invention relates to refractory products, in particular according to DIN ISO / R 836, DIN 51060, in the form of dry, mineral offsets or mixtures based on at least one olivine raw material as coarse-grained Hauptkom- component suitable for the production of refractory products for lining of non-ferrous heavy metal melting furnaces, and in shape manufactured from the offsets, unshaped or molded, refractory products, such.
• the invention also relates to the use of the unshaped or shaped refractory products produced from the stakes in a non-ferrous metal melting furnace, in particular in the area of an oxidized furnace zone, preferably in the slag melting zone of a non-ferrous metal melting furnace.
• refractory product is used as a generic term for a refractory offset and for refractory products which are produced, for example, by using a liquid binder and / or water from an offset, for example by molding and / or or pressing.
• grain sizes are referred to in the invention, the usual grain distributions, eg. B. Gaussian grain distributions, and whose maximum grain z. B. to 95 wt .-% less than 1, 0, in particular less than 0.5 mm, determined z. B. as Sieb pengangswert d 95 .
• Coarse grained means that the granules usual grain distribution, z. B. Gaussian grain distribution with z. B. 95 wt .-% ⁇ 0.1, in particular ⁇ 0.5, preferably ⁇ 1, 0 mm, z. B. also determined as d 95 value.
• Coarse-grained component or main component means, in particular, that the coarse grain size in a product produced from an offset can form a supporting framework with mutually supporting grains.
• Non-ferrous metals also called non-ferrous metals, such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel or the like are commercially available in various vessels from z. Sulfide ores (e.g., Pierce-Smith converters, QSL reactors, or shaft furnaces). The melting processes are carried out in both reducing and oxidizing zones or under reducing and oxidizing melt processes in a non-ferrous metal melting furnace.
• Sulfide ores e.g., Pierce-Smith converters, QSL reactors, or shaft furnaces.
• the so-called duration of the ovens depends u. a. also on the type of refractory lining - also called lining - on the one hand protects the metal jacket of the furnace from the action of high Schmelzgut-, flame and atmospheric temperatures and on the other reduces heat loss.
• lining - also called lining - on the one hand protects the metal jacket of the furnace from the action of high Schmelzgut-, flame and atmospheric temperatures and on the other reduces heat loss.
• the copper ores are mainly compounds of metal, eg. As the copper, iron and sulfur. The compositions of the ores are highly dependent on the respective deposit.
• the process of refining which starts with these ores, starts with a pre-treatment and the subsequent melting of the ores.
• Characteristic for this process are sulfidic melts with high iron contents as well as a sulphurous atmosphere. in the subsequent step, this sulfidic melt is converted into a metal oxide melt, for.
• a sulphide copper melt is converted into a so-called blister copper.
• the iron component in the initially sulfidic melt eg Cu-Fe-S
• the iron component in the initially sulfidic melt is first lowered to below 1% by means of a slag-forming process.
• the iron is bound in a resulting fayalite slag (Fe 2 SiO 4 ) and removed from the process.
• the remaining melt based on Me-S z.
• Cu-S usually Cu 2 S
• essential corrosive media in this process are the resulting fayalitic slag (Fe 2 SiO 4 ), the high concentration of sulfur in the atmosphere and the amount of copper and copper oxide formed at the end of the process.
• the melt is further purified with removal of the remaining sulfur and iron.
• the process is by liquid metal z.
• the Ofenausmautation a non-ferrous heavy metal melting furnace is usually exposed to high thermal cycling and high mechanical and chemical stresses.
• the thermal cycling results from the batch procedure and the injection of cold process materials.
• Mechanical stresses are z. B. caused by rotational movements of the furnace.
• Chemically, the masonry is claimed by the process slags and molten metals and by volatile compounds of the furnace atmosphere.
• the furnaces are divided into different zones, because the zones are loaded differently during operation.
• the reaction zone the oxidation zone and the associated nozzle zones.
• the wear of the refractory material is mainly due to chemical corrosion and slag attack and other process materials as well as flaking of infiltrated layers by Tempe- ratur workflowhoven.
• a large portion of the inner lining of a melting furnace is usually lined with normal MgO or MgO-Cr 2 O 3 bricks, the slag zones and, above all, the nozzle zones must be provided with very high-quality, so-called direct-bonded bricks , Magnesia brooks are reinforced.
• Such refractory linings are found in all types of non-ferrous metal furnaces regardless of design.
• the known fired refractory products have an open porosity which is approximately in the range between 13 and 20% by volume.
• materials such as slags, melts or gases can infiltrate into these open pores and, through chemical reactions, decompose the structure of the stone and / or lead to completely changed thermomechanical properties of the structure compared to the original properties of the refractory material.
• Changing chemical attacks as well as changing thermal and thermo-mechanical loads lead to accelerated wear and weakening, in particular after foreign matter infiltration and corrosion of the refractory product components or the stone components.
• Fayalitic slags arise in the production of non-ferrous metals from the sulfidic ores, z.
• copper from chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ).
• Copper gravel is roasted, resulting in so-called copper cinder resulting copper sulfide (Cu 2 S) and iron compounds, eg. FeS and Fe 2 O 3 .
• the matte is further processed into blister copper, with glutters of molten copper under air and addition of SiO 2 , z.
• quartz in a converter. This produces a fayalitic slag containing mainly the mineral fayalite (2FeO ⁇ SiO 2 ) and crude copper oxide (Cu 2 O).
• Magnesiachromite bricks also have limited or insufficient high temperature anti-wetting properties for nonferrous metal melts, and have insufficient penetration resistance to hot non-ferrous melts.
• Magnesiachromitsteine are also used in melting units for the production of other non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous metals such as Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn and there are equally stored problems.
• a refractory masonry of a non-ferrous metal melting furnace is known in which in an oxidizing zone of the furnace non-ferrous metals such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel or the like are melted at temperatures above 700 ° C, wherein the masonry of unfired stones refractory material such as MgO or refractory material in which MgO is at least partially replaced by spinel and / or corundum and / or bauxite and / or andalusite and / or mullite and / or flintelay and / or chamotte and / or zirconium oxide and / or zirconium silicate.
• the stones have carbon in the form of graphite and a coking structure formed from carbonaceous binder.
• the carbon is to reduce the slag infiltration as a result of an in situ, thin, sealing infiltration zone, evidently upon access of oxygen from the structural constituents of the stone Stone arise, which clog in situ pore channels of the stone, so that at least the further access of oxygen into the structure of the stone components is reduced and thus a further reaction of the oxygen with carbon is avoided.
• DE 10 2012 015 026 A1 discloses a refractory product according to ISO R / 836, DIN 51060 for refractory masonry in non-ferrous metals Furnaces known in the form of an unshaped or shaped offset z. In the form of shaped bricks, the refractory product being highly resistant in situ to attack by faayaiitic slags (iron silicate slags) and sulphates and resistant to molten non-ferrous metals, in particular to molten copper.
• faayaiitic slags iron silicate slags
• sulphates resistant to molten non-ferrous metals, in particular to molten copper.
• a good anti-wetting property is achieved against non-ferrous metal melts, in particular against molten copper, improved penetration resistance against fayalitic slags and improved resistance to sulfate attack at service temperatures through the use of an olivine raw material as the main component of the refractory product, as well as magnesium flour and silicon carbide flour ,
• a refractory offset containing said substances may be mixed with a liquid binder in the form of silica sol.
• olivine raw materials containing at least 70% by weight of forsterite contents ensures high corrosion resistance and infiltration resistance to the large amounts of fayaiitic slag (FeSiO 4 ). If a fayalite slag comes into contact with the refractory material of the structure of the refractory product, the liquidus temperature of the slag rises. The slag "freezes on the refractory, which does not cause further wear reactions. Furthermore, the olivine raw material or the forsterite in the raw wood raw material has a poor wettability against non-ferrous metal melts, in particular molten copper, and also very good resistance to corrosion corrosion.
• Magnesia can react in the known refractory products at high corrosion rates to magnesium sulfate, which can cause structural damage.
• calcium-containing silicate secondary phases such as dicallosilicate, merwinite, and monticellite in magnesia, can weaken the microstructure.
• the refractory products or products described in DE 103 94 173 A1 and DE 10 2012 015 026 A1 have proven to be superior in comparison with the magnesia bromo-stones used previously.
• the two refractory products based on MgO plus graphite (DE 103 94 173 A1) or olivine raw materials with at least 70% by weight of forsterite contents (DE 10 2012 015 026 A1) as well as on the magnesia brimstone in particular the low-viscosity metals wet.
• Oxides e.g. As the thin liquid copper oxides, but partly also the thin liquid iron oxides, especially the thin liquid Me-Fe-oxides, eg.
• the object of the invention is to provide refractory products based on olivine raw materials as coarse-grained main component, which are much more resistant during the melting process against the attack of low-viscosity non-ferrous oxides, especially of low-viscosity copper oxides, and / or low-viscosity non-ferrous iron oxides, in particular low-viscosity copper oxides.
• the refractory products should also have the good anti-wetting properties against pure non-ferrous molten metal, in particular pure copper melt, resist well the penetration of fayalitic slags and ensure resistance to sulfate attack at operating temperatures.
• a refractory product in the form of a refractory offset based on coarse-grained granules of at least one, in particular low-iron, hold Olivinrohstoff high Forsteritge, z. B. at least 70 wt .-% and low iron (III) oxide content of z. B.
• magnesia meal especially high-quality and low-iron, sulfur-resistant magnesia meal, and at least one refractory during the melting process, refractory reactant, suitable for the reduction of molten low-viscosity Buntmetalloxiden and / or molten low-viscosity Buntmetalleisenoxiden , z. B. in the form of finely divided carbon, z.
• High quality is intended to mean that the usual secondary phases such as Dikalziumsilikat, merwinite, monticellite, etc. with less than z. B. 2.5% by weight are present.
• Sulfur resistant means that the MgO flour should be poor in such silicic minor phases, since these are usually attacked by sulfur compounds first.
• the MgO content of the magnesia should be ⁇ 97% by weight.
• Low iron is an olivine raw material and the magnesia flour, if less than z. B. 10 wt .-% iron (III) oxide are present.
• the above-mentioned offset may additionally comprise a finely divided powdered silica as additive.
• the mixture of olivine raw material, magnesium flour and reaction substance (basic offset) mixed together to give 100% by weight adds a respective additive and / or a respective additive.
• the offset may preferably additionally contain per se known antioxidants for refractory products.
• Finely divided z. B. mean that the silica is present in the form of microsilica and / or fumed silica and / or precipitated silica.
• the invention thus provides for the use of at least one finely divided refractory reaction substance which has a reducing effect on the low-viscosity melts in the microstructure of a refractory lining product according to the invention for non-ferrous metal furnaces, the reaction substance having the property in situ, ie in a non-ferrous metal melting furnace , During the melting process with the structure in contact coming thin liquid Buntmetalloxidschmelze and / or to reduce non-ferrous heavy metal oxide melt to corresponding pure non-ferrous metal melts, so that the non-wetting properties of the other structural constituents of the refractory lining product and, in the case of the use of graphite, also the anti-wetting properties of the graphite can then act on the non-ferrous melts. This results in a high degree of corrosion and infiltration resistance of the lining products according to the invention.
• a reducing reactant is preferably finely divided, z.
• carbon black and / or anthracite and / or coke can be used.
• the reducing reactants are preferably contained in amounts of between 1 and 20, especially between 5 and 15 wt .-% in the refractory base offset or in the refractory lining product based on the base offset components, for. B. with a fineness below 1000 microns.
• the reducing reaction substance is contained in an offset according to the invention in admixture with the other constituents, in particular distributed homogeneously.
• a refractory lining product made from an offset according to the invention in particular in a solidified molded article, e.g. B. in a refractory shaped stone, the reducing reactant in the structure of the body is also present in particular homogeneously distributed.
• Unformed refractory products made from an inventive offset are e.g. B. with water and / or at least one known binder for refractory products, eg. B. a carbonaceous liquid binder, turned on and introduced as a refractory lining in a non-ferrous metal melting furnace, wherein z. B. a subsequent drying and / or tempering causes a solidification of the freshly prepared mass.
• drying or tempering can also take place when starting up or heating up the non-ferrous metal melting furnace in situ.
• Shaped refractory products such.
• As stones made of a water and / or at least one known binder for refractory products, eg. Example, a carbonaceous liquid binder having offset, are usually dried and / or tempered and then used for lining a non-ferrous metal melting furnace. But you can also burn the products made from the offset ceramic and then use as intended.
• An inventive refractory offset is mainly from the basic offset of a dry mixture of Olivinrohstoff, Magnesiamehl and reducing reactant, z. As graphite as reducing reactant formed.
• a dry inventive offset expediently additionally up to 4, especially up to 2.5 wt .-%, for refractory products commonly used antioxidants, and / or other additives commonly used for refractory products and / or additives, but the Amount ratio of ingredients olivine raw material, MgO flour and reducing reagent, e.g. As graphite, the base offset should be preserved.
• the reducing reactant such as the graphite and optionally also the carbon from the carbonaceous binder resulting from tempering or the other mentioned carbons in oxidizing conditions in situ, ie during a melt operation of a non-ferrous metal melting furnace, is consumed only insignificantly by oxidation.
• the carbon in any case surprisingly reduces the structure of wetting and penetrating low-viscosity non-ferrous metal oxide melts and non-ferrous metal oxide melts of the melting process. so that pure non-ferrous metal melt is produced from the oxides, which then the anti-wetting property of existing in the structure of forsterite and possibly also the carbon, in particular of graphite, acts and so at least a further penetration of low-viscosity oxide melt in the structure is hindered.
• constituents of an inventive offset or refractory product according to the invention made from an offset according to the invention mainly act as follows:
• the naturally occurring olivine raw material available on the market is used as coarse-grained granulate and should preferably have as much as 100% by weight, but at least 70% by weight, of the mineral forsterite.
• the remainder may be the mineral fayalite and / or other known contaminants of the raw material such as enstatite and / or monticellite and / or merwinite.
• a synthetically produced, pure Forsterit- material alone or in combination with a natural Olivinrohstoff use As far as in the context of the invention of olivine raw material is mentioned, this also applies to the synthetic Forsteritwerkstoff.
• the grain size of the Olivinrohstoffgranulats used is z. B. at least 95 wt .-% in the middle and coarse grain z. B. between 0.1 and 8, in particular between 1 and 8 mm, wherein the granules z. B. may have a Gaussian particle size distribution or may be formed of grain fractions with irregular grain distributions.
• the olivine raw material is used in amounts of from 15 to 74% by weight, in particular from 30 to 65% by weight, in the basic offset mixture according to the invention.
• Magnesia is finely divided in the form of a flour or powder with z. B. after a screening certain grain sizes (so-called sieve grain sizes), z. B. 95 wt .-% ⁇ , 1 mm (d 95 ⁇ 1 mm) used.
• Magnesia z As fused magnesia and / or sintered magnesia and / or synthetic deadburned or caustic magnesia used.
• the MgO content of the magnesia should preferably be> 90% by weight, in particular> 95% by weight.
• the rest are common impurities such as silicates and / or iron oxide.
• the MgO flours have z. B. on a Gaussian particle size distribution.
• the MgO flour is used in the dry base mixture in amounts of from 25 to 55, in particular from 30 to 50 wt .-%.
• the offset may additionally contain silicon carbide (SiC).
• Silicon carbide is available on the market as a synthetic product with a high degree of purity and in various grain sizes and particle size distributions. and is inventively in powder form or in flour form z. B. with grain sizes z. B. 95 wt .-% ⁇ 1 mm (d 95 ) used.
• the particle size distribution preferably corresponds to a Gaussian grain distribution.
• the SiC powder is z. B. with a purity of> 90 wt .-%, in particular> 94 wt .-% of SiC used.
• the additional amount used in the dry mixture is up to 15, in particular up to 10 wt .-%.
• the additional finely divided, dry silica is z.
• a silica which reacts with the MgO of Magnesiamehls in an aqueous medium to form Magnesiumsilikathydratphasen and z.
• magnesium silicate hydrate gel and / or magnesium silicate hydrate crystallites and / or magnesium silicate hydrate crystals forms.
• the SiO 2 content of the finely divided dry silica is preferably above 90% by weight, in particular above 94% by weight. It has surprisingly been found that dry finely divided silica on entry of water to the inventive offset faster forms with the MgO of Magnesia MSH phases and hardens faster and higher cold compressive strengths.
• the silicic acid is to be selected so finely that in a fresh fresh mass containing water, which is formed by adding water to a dry offset and mixing according to the invention, a reaction takes place between the MgO of the particles of magnesia and particles of the silica and magnesium silicate hydrate phases - hereinafter also MSH- Called phases - z. B. as gel and / or crystallites and / or crystals, which cause a solidification of the water-containing mass in the manner of a hydraulic setting.
• the offset is preferably composed in such a way that a pH of more than 7, in particular more than 10, is established in the aqueous medium, ie after the addition of water to the offset according to the invention.
• crystalline quartz flours a fineness of the quartz particles below 500, especially below 200 microns. Furthermore, particularly suitable for the invention as dry, finely divided silicas are:
• Silica fume is a very fine, non-crystalline, amorphous SiO 2 powder that is produced in an electric arc furnace as a by-product in the production of elemental silicon or silicon alloys. It is z. B. offered under the trade name silica fume or microsilica on the market and usually has about 85 wt .-% Si0 2 on. The particle size of silica fume - also called silica fume - is usually less than 1 mm. The English name is "silica fume".
• Pyrogenic silicas are very pure amorphous SiO 2 powder with Si0 2 - contents z. B. to 99 wt .-% and usually with particle sizes z. B. between 5 and 50 nm and high specific surface z. B. between 50 and 600 m 2 / g. These silicas are produced by flame hydrolysis. Pyrogenic silica is on the market for. B. offered under the trade name Aerosil. The English name is "fumed silica".
• the finely divided dry silica is added to the dry offset mixture to 10, in particular from 0.5 to 6 wt .-%.
• the 100 wt .-% calculated dry basic offsets described above preferably only added to water for the production of refractory products according to the invention.
• dry basis offsets are thus preferably compiled in% by weight:
• Olivine raw material 15 to 74, in particular 30 to 65 magnesia flour: 25 to 55, in particular 30 to 50
• Reducing reagent in particular
• the following constituents may additionally be added to this mixture of the basic offset, preferably in the following amounts in% by weight. finely divided silica: 0 to 10, in particular 0.5 to 6
• SiC 0 to 15, especially 0 to 10
• Antioxidants 0 to 4, in particular 0.5 to 2.5
• Coarse-grained refractory material granules 0 to 4, especially 0.1 to 3.5 refractory finely divided
• the silica is at least one of the abovementioned amorphous silicas.
• the amounts of the reactants MgO and Si0 2 in inventive offsets are selected so that when added to water from 1 to 10, in particular from 2.5 to 6 wt .-%, based on the dry matter of the offset, in a period between 6 and 120, in particular between 8 and 12 hours, in the temperature range of 50 to 200, in particular from 100 to 150 ° C, Kaitdruckfestmaschineen of 40 to 160, in particular from 60 to 150 MPa can be ensured.
• the reactive MgO of the magnesia flour is present quantitatively predominantly to the reactive finely divided silica. This should result in the formation of MgO-rich MSH phases after addition of water, which on exposure to high temperatures up to z. B. 1350 ° C forsterite (2 MgO ⁇ Si0 2 ) can form, which increases the Forsteritanteil the Otivinrohstoffs invention.
• prevailing mass ratios MgO to Si0 2 to 500: 1 are expedient. In particular, the ratio is between 1.2: 1 and 100: 1, preferably between 1.34: 1 and 50: 1, most preferably between 1.34: 1 and 35: 1.
• Dry refractory products according to the invention are produced from dry stratified products according to the invention after addition of water, a mixture with amounts of water, based on the mass of the dry offset, being 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 6.0% by weight.
• the shaped bricks are allowed to harden and dry in the temperature range between 15 and 200, preferably between 50 and 200, in particular between 100 and 150 ° C., MSH phases being formed.
• the stones After curing, the stones have relatively high strengths and can be handled so that a refractory lining can be built from them.
• the stones have cold compressive strengths, for. B. between 40 and 100, in particular between 60 and 80 MPa, on.
• the ceramic firing is preferably carried out in the temperature range from 400 to 1400, in particular from 600 to 1200 ° C and for a period of 1 to 24, in particular from 4 to 12 hours, wherein it is advantageous to burn in a reducing atmosphere.
• a product according to the invention is advantageously prepared by converting from an offset with at least the dry substances olivine raw material, magnesium flour and reducing reaction substance, eg. B.
• the invention thus also relates to a dry offset exclusively from or z. B. mainly, ie, for example, about 80 wt .-%, preferably 90 wt%, in particular more than 95 wt .-% of Oiivinrohstoffgranuiat, MgO flour, finely divided carbon, in particular graphite, optionally a finely divided, dry silica, especially in the form of microsilica, and / or optionally a dry, e.g. B. powdery, z. B. carbonaceous, binder z.
• At least one other refractory coarse-grained material granules and / or finely divided refractory material for.
• B. Magnesiachromit, magnesium spinels, spinels, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, zirconium and / or at least one refractory, feinteilt- ger or flour-shaped additive such as magnesia chromite, magnesium spinels, spinels, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, zirconium.
• at least one further known per se additive for refractory offsets such as liquefier and / or setting regulator, can expediently be present.
• moldings pressed or unpressed are produced from a water-containing and / or binder-containing salt mixture specified above by pressing, and the moldings, apart from residual moistures, preferably between 0.1 and 2% by weight, for example.
• B. brought by drying and / or tempering or the shaped bodies are additionally fired according to a further embodiment of the invention in a ceramic ceramic furnace at temperatures between preferably 400 and 1400, preferably between 600 and 1200 ° C, preferably in a reducing atmosphere for a period of time preferably between 1 and 24, in particular between 4 and 12 hours.
• the firing conditions are inventively chosen so that the ingredients Oltvinrohstoff, MgO flour and reducing reactant, z.
• Linings of non-ferrous metal melts converters can be created with the unfired and fired shaped bodies according to the invention, which are the previous linings with respect to infiltration and corrosion resistance to non-ferrous metal melts and liquid slags of non-ferrous metal smelting are superior.
• the unbaked pressed dried shaped bodies have z.
• the following properties apply:
• Cold pressure resistance 40 to 100, in particular 60 to 85 MPa.
• the fired shaped bodies according to the invention have z.
• the following properties bulk density: 2.55 to 2.85 kg / m 3,
• the finished parts according to the invention which are molded parts, in particular molded and pressed stones, have z.
• Cold pressure resistance 30 to 180, in particular 50 to 150 MPa.
• the inventive concept is based on the fact that based on olivine coarse grain as a supporting grain and a relatively high proportion of MgO fine grain or flour grain balance in the stone between the reactants from the stone and the slag only at Schmelz processes about 1000 ° C, z. B. between 1200 and 1350 ° C sets. At these temperatures, graphite is also still used in spite of oxidizing melting process conditions. lent anti-wetting effect against the previously described molten media. MgO reacts with SiO 2 to form further forsterite, reducing the pore volume of the microstructure.
• MgO is selected in the stoichiometric excess to be SiO 2 available for a reaction in order to avoid the formation of enstatite which is not refractory.
• This reaction in situ during the melting process largely seals the stone directly on the firing side and hampers the penetration through the very thin liquid molten metal, eg. B. molten copper.
• the MgO In contact with the omnipresent fayalite slag melt (melting temperature 1210 ° C), the MgO also reacts with the forsterite (melting point 1890 ° C) to form olivine mixed crystals.
• the liquidus temperature of the mixed crystal melt thereby increases, ie the reaction product slag product structure freezes, ie leads to a stiffening of the reaction product melt and the corrosion reaction or infiltration is stopped accordingly or at least greatly reduced.
• At least Olivinrohstoff, MgO and optionally finely divided silica and reducing reactant, z. B. graphite-containing molded body z. B. have a water content between 1 and 5, in particular between 1, 5 and 3 wt .-%, harden, possibly forming MSH phases, which cause the hardening.
• the hardening time is temperature-dependent.
• the pressed moldings are expediently hardened for 6 to 120, in particular 24 to 96 hours, and dried in the temperature range between 50 and 200, in particular between 100 and 150 ° C, to residual moisture contents between 0.1 and 4.5, in particular between 0.1 and 2.5 wt .-% water content in a suitable drying unit.
• the inventively produced non-pressed, poured into molds and possibly vibrated fresh masses for monolithic prefabricated components from the above-mentioned components have water contents between 4 and 10, in particular between 4 and 6 wt .-%. They are introduced into molds and vibrate if necessary. You let them z. B. in the air between 15 and 35 ° C and dry in the temperature range specified above for the pressed moldings except for residual moisture as in the pressed moldings. Cold pressure strengths of between 30 and 180, in particular between 50 and 150 MPa, are achieved.
• At least one known per se water-containing binder for refractory products from the following group lignosulfonate, magnesium sulfate, ethyl silicate and molasses or other sugars used in an amount calculated on the dry matter of an offset of z. B. 2 to 5 wt .-% for pressed products and z. B. 4 to 10 wt .-% for prefabricated components and casting compounds.
• the water content of these binders contributes to the MSH phase formation described above.
• the products according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in PS converters for copper production, but are also with equal advantages compared to the usual refractory products in other applications in which fayalitic slags and low-viscosity non-ferrous metal melts occur, as in the non-ferrous metal melting processes the case is usable with the described advantages.
• Stones produced from the stakes do not necessarily have to be fired, but it is generally sufficient that they are dried, possibly and / or tempered, so that they can be handled and used for lining masonry.
• the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples and illustrated by way of example with reference to a drawing. Show it:
• Fig. 1 is a pressed, unfired fireproof invention
• FIG. 2 shows a crucible made of stone according to the invention after testing with sulphidic matte melt
• FIG. 3 shows a crucible made of stone according to the invention after testing with copper oxide-iron oxide melt
• Fig. 4 is a crucible according to DE 102012 015 026 A1 after testing with sulfidic
• Fig. 5 is a crucible according to DE 10 2012 015 026 A1 after test after test with
• Figure 1 shows a pressed, unfired refractory stone according to the invention made from the following recipe:
• the stone of the invention was dried at 200 ° C to a residual moisture content of 1, 3 wt .-%.
• the matrix of the stone according to the invention shows a scaffold of relatively coarse olivine grains 1 (dark grains), finer grains 2 (white) and fine and very fine grains of MgO (not visible) and finest black material 3 of graphite.
• the resistance of the invention to fayalitic melt and copper melt is already known from DE 10 2012 015 026 A1.
• a sulphidic matte melt and a copper oxide-iron oxide melt from copper metallurgy with the following mineral phases were used:
• the chemical composition of the sulfidic matte melt was as follows:
• the chemical composition of the copper oxide-iron oxide melt was as follows:
• the slag was powdered into a recess or crucible of a green brick prepared for a pot test heated to 1350 ° C and held for 6 hrs. At this temperature. After cooling, the crucibles were cut diagonally. Both molten slags have not penetrated the stone. The corrosion of the stone according to the invention is very low, as can be seen in the still sharp contours of the crucible. The sulfidic matte melt remained completely in the crucible with no apparent infiltration or dissolution processes (Figure 2). Furthermore, in the case of the copper oxide-iron oxide melt test, it can be clearly seen that a large part of the slag was reduced to metallic copper by the reducing agent present (FIG. 3).
• the stone according to the invention therefore has the following advantages over the stone according to DE 10 2012 015 026 A1:
• the stone according to the invention is not penetrated by sulphidic matte melt and copper oxide-iron oxide melt and therefore wears due to the higher thermo-mechanical resistance slower than a stone according to DE 10 2012 015 026 A1.

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