Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
  • H04L5/1461—Suppression of signals in the return path, i.e. bidirectional control circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
  • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
  • H03H9/70—Multiple-port networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on different frequencies or frequency bands, to a common load or source
  • H03H9/703—Networks using bulk acoustic wave devices
  • H03H9/706—Duplexers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
  • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
  • H03H9/70—Multiple-port networks for connecting several sources or loads, working on different frequencies or frequency bands, to a common load or source
  • H03H9/72—Networks using surface acoustic waves
  • H03H9/725—Duplexers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
  • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
  • H04B1/40—Circuits
  • H04B1/401—Circuits for selecting or indicating operating mode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
  • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
  • H04B1/40—Circuits
  • H04B1/44—Transmit/receive switching
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
  • H04L5/04—Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different amplitudes or polarities, e.g. quadriplex
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
  • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
  • H03H9/46—Filters
  • H03H9/64—Filters using surface acoustic waves
  • H03H9/6423—Means for obtaining a particular transfer characteristic
  • H03H9/6433—Coupled resonator filters
  • H03H9/6483—Ladder SAW filters

Definitions

• CA mode carrier aggregation mode
• the Carrier Aggregation Mode is for both FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) and TDD (Time
• Ribbon combinations are given in FIG.
• a mobile phone according to a proposed CA a mobile phone according to a proposed CA.
• Aggregation band pairs refers to bands, to the application for Rx or Tx operation, and so on
• Duplex method ie on FDD and TDD.
• the corresponding duplexers In order to meet the requirements for CA operation, in the front-end circuit of the mobile phone, the corresponding duplexers would have to be active at the same time, without themselves
• Antenna terminal can be combined with a simple diplexer, which has a good isolation of typically more than 20 dB. In this way it can be ensured that the duplexers connected to the common antenna connection do not interfere with each other, so that one signal is routed exclusively via the desired duplexer and no unnecessary in the other duplexer
• a quadplexer In addition to the low loss, a quadplexer must have good isolation between TX and RX subbands, ie between the corresponding transmit and receive bands. This applies to both the TX / RX isolation within it
• Duplexers must be adapted directly to each other. This must be in the passband of one duplexer, the impedance at
• Antenna port in the other duplexer appear to be infinity, which usually requires a corresponding phase rotation of the impedance. Therefore, the duplexer must have a high reflection coefficient for frequencies of the other band, ie outside its passband, at the antenna port. This can be achieved by the impedance with the aid of a phase shifter in this same frequency range is turned to infinity.
• the TX filter becomes
• the respective RX filter (reception filter) designed as a reactance filter with ladder type arrangement, which is composed of series and parallel connected resonators.
• the resonators can be designed as SAW or BAW resonators.
• the respective RX filter (reception filter) can have, in addition to the ladder type structure, further filter components, for example acoustically coupled resonator structures such as strain gauge structures.
• the transfer characteristic of a ladder type filter has three distinct characteristic sections: the
• the single duplexer itself advantageously uses characteristic deep poles (Notches) in the transmission behavior to a very high
• the frequency of the pole is determined below the pass band generally by the resonance frequency of the parallel resonators
• the frequency of the pole is determined above the pass ⁇ band by the anti-resonant frequency of the parallel resonators and the resonant frequency of the series resonators.
• the series resonance of the series resonators must be within the pass band, as well as the anti-resonance of the parallel resonators.
• the inductors for additional insertion loss in the passband.
• the inductors significantly reduce the reflectivity of the duplexers at out-of-band frequencies farther from the passband. In most cases, this is not annoying, as long as the duplexer is operated in single mode, not in CA mode. The reduced
• Figure 2 shows a simulation of how the insertion loss IL of a filter or duplexer by an inductance, which is connected in a parallel branch, as a function of Reflectivity REF at the corresponding antenna connection
• Parallel resonator has, ie in the parallel branch, which is located in the interconnection of the branches of the antenna connection to the nearest.
• Another duplexer whose band is either below or above the passband shown, is due to the poor reflectivity high losses exhibit. Even an ideal coil or later
• Adjustment elements can not resolve this effect.
• the inductance also has an advantage in that it improves the RX / TX isolation in the passband of the RX filter. If one also considers the individual duplexer, then the insertion loss is reduced only insignificantly by an inductance with a quality factor of 50.
• Object of the present invention is to provide a duplexer, which has both the good RX / TX isolation, but which can be designed for operation in a quadplexer and with respect to the reflectivity at the common
• the invention shows that in a filter, the selection of the parallel path, in which the inductance is connected, has a significant influence on the reflectivity of the filter. It has been found that the conventional arrangement of inductance in a parallel path in the immediate vicinity of the antenna port is the most disadvantageous. The invention now shows that the most advantageous arrangement of
• Parallel resonator is located in the parallel arm, which is farthest from the antenna port.
• the seen from the antenna connection first parallel arm of the duplexer according to the invention must then be connected directly to ground. It is also advantageous, the other
• a duplexer has an antenna connection, which is connected to two partial paths, namely a transmission path and a reception path.
• the transmission path series-connected series resonators are arranged, while in parallel n-parallel paths are connected to ground.
• each parallel path is in each case a parallel resonator or a cascade of series-connected parallel resonators
• n preferably 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 8 applies.
• At least in a parallel path is in series with a
• Parallel resonator an inductance connected to ground, wherein the parallel arm, which is located closest to the antenna terminal, is connected directly to ground, because there is no inductance is arranged.
• the TX / RX isolation at frequencies around the passband is essentially the same as that of a known duplexer with inductance at the first parallel arm, but the reflectivity is now much better and the duplexer shows less dependence on the inductor Q factor , This has the advantage that no high-quality inductors are required to the
• Inductance is arranged in that parallel arm, which is farthest from the antenna connection.
• Antenna terminal and the second duplexer is arranged in each case a phase shifter circuit, which rotates the impedance for the frequencies of the one transmitting and / or receiving band in the other duplexer to infinity.
• the second duplexer too, its transmission path is serial interconnected series resonators and thereof branched off from ground connected parallel paths, in each of which a parallel resonator or a cascade of series-connected parallel resonators is arranged. At least one of the
• Parallel paths in the transmission path is in series with a
• Inductance is arranged.
• This embodiment represents a quadplexer, which has a clean separation or a good insulation between the two duplexers even in the case of closely adjacent but nevertheless different bands.
• quadplexers The use of such quadplexers is up to only one
• the Quadpülexer invention can also separate these pairs of bands.
• first duplexer is for band X and the second duplexer is for band Y
• f C i is the center frequency in the band X receive band
• f C 2 is the center frequency in band Y receive band
• C c i and f C 2 are linked via the relationship f C i -S 1,45 f C 2.
• f C i and f C 2 are linked via the relationship f C i -S 1.30 f C 2.
• f C i and f C 2 are linked via the relationship f C i -S 1,20 f C 2. Also for this small distance of the bands to be separated results in an excellent insulation.
• the inventively arranged inductance of the quadplexer according to the invention is also improved in the reflectivity and can be operated without problems in a CA mode, in addition to TX and RX operation of a band at least one additional from additional
• Transmission band and / or additional receive band is active to increase the data rate or the bandwidth during a call or data connection.
• the inductance allows the TX / RX isolation not only in one
• Duplexer but also in the quadplexer to improve, without affecting the reflectivity is deteriorated.
• inductors with low Q factors, ie cost-effective components, since the dependence of the duplexers or the dependence of the quadplexer properties on the Q factor of the inductors is only very slight or not at all pronounced.
• the bands in a quadplexer according to the invention can be operated with any duplexing method. It is also possible within the quadplexer different duplexing for the two bands or the two
• a further inductor is connected in series with another parallel resonator in one of the two duplexers in a further parallel arm.
• System frequencies can be a Tx or Rx band of a
• any other communication or navigation band such as GSM, WCDMA, GPS GLONASS, Galileo, Bluetooth, W-Lan, WiFi, or or IoT (Internet of Things) and / or a DBT frequency.
• GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
• WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
• GPS GLONASS Galileo
• Bluetooth Wireless Fidelity
• W-Lan Wireless Fidelity
• WiFi Wireless Fidelity
• IoT Internet of Things
• IoT Internet of Things
• the number of poles is the number of cross-bz.
• Duplexer to an antenna or to a
• Antenna terminal coupled to the at least one further transmission branch with a further transmission filter or another reception branch is coupled to a further receiving filter or a second duplexer.
• the entire arrangement with the first duplexer and the further branch is designed for operation in a carrier aggregation mode.
• Receive filter of a duplexer can get. This makes a multiplex function close to one another
• a first and a second duplexer are coupled to the common antenna.
• Duplexer is designed for LTE tape 5, while the second duplexer is for LTE tape 17.
• ⁇ phase shifter in this embodiment an inductor can be used, which is connected in parallel to the antenna terminal, and thus parallel to the antenna to ground. In this embodiment, already with this single element, the function of a
• Figure 1 shows a proposed for the invention
• Quadplexer with two duplexers connected to a common antenna connector.
• FIG. 2 shows the basis of various graphs
• FIG 3 shows for one of the prior art
• FIG. 4 shows a duplexer circuit according to the invention.
• Figure 5 shows the passband of transmitting and
• FIG. 6 shows the transmission behavior of the
• Duplexer of the invention compared to a known duplexer.
• FIG. 7 shows, similar to FIG. 3, the course of the
• FIG. 8 shows a duplexer according to the invention with an additional attenuation pole.
• Figures 9 and 10 show the transmission behavior of in
• FIG. 8 according to the invention
• FIG. 11 shows its reflectivity over the frequency
• Figure 12 shows a duplexer circuit with a
• Phase shifter according to the invention for a special band combination Phase shifter according to the invention for a special band combination.
• FIGS 13 and 14 show the isolation of two
• FIGs. 15A to 15C show tables with proposed ones
• Figure 1 shows a quadplexer circuit in which a first duplexer DPX1 and a second duplexer DPX2 with a
• Duplexer DPX1 is a first phase shifter PS1 arranged, while a second phase shifter PS2 in the second mixed transmit and receive path TRP2 between the antenna terminal AT and the second duplexer DPX2 is arranged.
• the phase shift circuits PS cause the input impedances ZI in a mixed transmit and receive path TRP to be high for signals of the other duplexer, respectively, caused by the impedance of the respective other signal being turned to infinity. Accordingly, the input impedance is ZU in the first
• the input impedance ZI2 in the second mixed transmission and reception path TRP2 for signals of the first duplexer DPX1 is high.
• the phase shifters are adjusted so that e.g. the phase shifter PS1, the impedance of signals of the second duplexer DPX2 twisted so that the first duplexer DPX1 is as little as possible, the signals of the second duplexer so
• Such a quadplexer circuit makes it possible to cleanly isolate duplexers with frequency bands located close to one another in order to allow undisturbed quadplexer operation.
• the quadplexer supports also a triplexer operation, if the first duplexer DPX1 full duplex operation is running, while the second duplexer DPX2 only as a transmit filter or only as a receive filter is used.
• Such a triplexer operation corresponds to the carrier aggregation mode, for which the proposed architecture does not require separate transmit or receive filters for the single coupled band.
• the quadplexer circuit rather uses the second duplexer as a filter in CA mode for the additional band.
• Quadplexer particularly in triplexer or Quadplexer due to high reflections prone to electrical
• Figure 2 shows in an illustrative manner how the
• Antenna connection can be generated.
• the different graphs are designed for different scenarios with different S22 values. If S22 is minimal (so perfect fit, see top curve), then the extra one
• FIG. 3 shows the applied over the frequency
• a duplexer according to the invention which substantially reduces the problem of too high reflectivity at the antenna connection, is shown in FIG.
• a transmitting branch TX and a receiving branch RX are connected to the common antenna terminal AT. Both in the transmitting and in the receiving branch, one filter each is designed as a ladder-type interconnection of resonators.
• the transmitting branch comprises a series of series resonators TRSX, to which parallel resonators TRPX are connected in parallel branches to ground.
• three series resonators are shown TRS1 to TRS3 and three parallel arms with ⁇ parallel resonators to TRP1 TRP3.
• In series with the third parallel arm is a parallel inductance PI1 switched to ground.
• the receive filter in the RX branch RX here has a similar ladder type structure with the
• phase shift circuit PS1, PS2 which is responsible for the TX / RX isolation within the duplexer.
• Each phase shifter circuit comprises at least one
• Phase shifter circuits may also include L, T and ⁇ circuits. It is also possible, the two
• Duplexer without parallel inductance shows. It can be seen from the figure that the additional parallel inductance leaves bandwidth and edges of the pass bands virtually unchanged.
• FIG. 7 shows that practically no influence of the Q-factor of the additional inductance PI1 on the
• the idea according to the invention of making the parallel inductance as far away as possible from the antenna connection can be extended to a plurality of inductors which are connected in series with other parallel arms. Again, the additional inductances are maximally removed from the antenna connection and in any case the first parallel arm remains free of an additional inductance. With these additional inductors, additional attenuation maxima at critical frequencies can be created to be specific
• the duplexer shown in FIG. 8 can be designed, for example, for band 17. With the additional inductance, an increased attenuation, that is to say an attenuation maximum at the frequencies of band 5, can be generated in order to increase the TX / RX isolation between the duplexers for a possible carrier aggregation mode. Another one
• Attenuation maxima can be generated at about 2.4 GHz to WLAN To dampen frequencies.
• the properties of the duplexer according to the invention are further extended for its use in a quadplexer and in particular for use in the carrier aggregation mode for tape
• Figure 9 shows the transmission behavior of the illustrated in Figure 8 and designed for Band 17 duplexer in
• FIG. 10 shows the isolation of the duplexer in the area of the WLAN frequency at approximately 2500 MHz, which is improved by the generated additional attenuation maxima. In all cases the Rx / Tx Isolation ISO is significantly improved.
• Figure 12 shows a simplified circuit of a Band 5 / Band 17 quadplexer with duplexers according to the invention.
• the phase shifter circuits can be replaced by a single
• Parallel inductance PI can be realized, which is connected in parallel to the antenna terminal AT to ground.
• Each of the two individual duplexers DPX1, DPX2 is optimized so that it has the best possible reflectivity with simultaneous high isolation of the TX signal compared to the further RX branch coupled in CA mode.
• the phases of the two duplexers are suitably optimized against each other, which in addition to the success of the single phase shifter element, so the parallel inductance PI contributes. In addition to the saving of elements, the loss of insertion loss is kept as small as possible in this way.
• Figures 13 and 14 show the improved isolation that can be achieved with a quadplexer assembled from duplexers of the present invention over a quadplexer of known duplexers.
• Duplexer was developed with regard to carrier band aggregation, so that these duplexers or the thereof
• Quadplexer according to the invention according to Figure 14 shows a much improved isolation in each area of the RX frequencies of both duplexers. In both bands, the isolation is now more than 60 dB and thus improved by 20 dB and more.
• Duplexers of the present invention may also be optimized for other LTE tapes, and suitable duplexers may be used
• Quadplexern are interconnected.
• the band combinations for carrier aggregation mode in the FDD Rx range which are cited for example in FIG. 15A and proposed by the 3 GPP in the current release, are also supported.
• Figure 15B shows the corresponding band combinations for interband proposed by the 3 GPP (TS36.101)
• Different bands combine, that in each case only two bands are so closely adjacent to each other, that a constructed from duplexers invention quadplexer Kursn Use must come.
• the frequency position of the third band is sufficiently far removed from that of the other two bands, so that their separation is a simple diplexer sufficient, which can be connected upstream of the quadplexer.
• inventive duplexer Due to the significantly improved isolation of inventive duplexer is also in the carrier aggre- gation mode in which two duplexers are aggegiert and at the same time on the same
• duplexer according to the invention can also be used
• TRP1, TRP2 Mixed send / receive paths

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Transceivers (AREA)
• Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-07-31 DE DE102014110905.8A patent/DE102014110905A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2015
  • 2015-06-15 JP JP2016570336A patent/JP6492109B2/ja active Active
  • 2015-06-15 CN CN201580046684.1A patent/CN106797209B/zh active Active
  • 2015-06-15 EP EP15731001.2A patent/EP3175553A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-06-15 US US15/315,365 patent/US10270582B2/en active Active
  • 2015-06-15 WO PCT/EP2015/063339 patent/WO2016015914A1/de active Application Filing

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