EP3152925B1 - Système de haut-parleur - Google Patents

Système de haut-parleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3152925B1
EP3152925B1 EP15729381.2A EP15729381A EP3152925B1 EP 3152925 B1 EP3152925 B1 EP 3152925B1 EP 15729381 A EP15729381 A EP 15729381A EP 3152925 B1 EP3152925 B1 EP 3152925B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
loudspeaker
loudspeaker system
transducers
array
Prior art date
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Application number
EP15729381.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3152925A2 (fr
Inventor
Christoph SLADECZEK
Daniel Beer
Andreas Franck
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Priority to EP17187840.8A priority Critical patent/EP3280161B1/fr
Publication of EP3152925A2 publication Critical patent/EP3152925A2/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/12—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers
    • H04R3/14—Cross-over networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/04—Circuit arrangements, e.g. for selective connection of amplifier inputs/outputs to loudspeakers, for loudspeaker detection, or for adaptation of settings to personal preferences or hearing impairments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
    • H04S7/303—Tracking of listener position or orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/307—Frequency adjustment, e.g. tone control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2203/00—Details of circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R3/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2203/12—Beamforming aspects for stereophonic sound reproduction with loudspeaker arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2205/00—Details of stereophonic arrangements covered by H04R5/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2205/024—Positioning of loudspeaker enclosures for spatial sound reproduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a loudspeaker system for a vehicle, in particular with a loudspeaker array, generally to loudspeaker arrays having a plurality of electroacoustic transducers in different arrangement configurations and to a loudspeaker loudspeaker array.
  • Future infotainment systems in vehicles and the associated speaker systems in vehicles must meet demanding tasks in complex traffic scenarios. For this purpose, an absolutely reliable function is assumed, whereby dangers in any driving situations for the driver, e.g. due to malfunction, must be excluded.
  • communication requirements and rapid information provision as well as undisturbed audio playback play an essential role. Not only vehicle noises are to be understood as disturbing signals, but also parallel consumption of different audio contents, such as the simultaneous telephoning and consuming of media content from the point of view of several passengers.
  • Such challenges require system properties that allow individual sonication to limited listening areas, so-called sound or auditory zones.
  • An example is the personalized sound (by means of sound zones) by using speakers in the immediate vicinity of the ears of the listener in the respective sound zone, eg by speaker integration in the corresponding head restraints of each car seat per listening zone.
  • Such a system with grouped loudspeakers is in the patent US 8,126,159 disclosed.
  • An advantage of this approach is the high acoustic separation from the adjacent sound zones, due to the large difference in hearing distance.
  • a disadvantage of this approach is the high interference sensitivity, eg due to head movements. This leads to a strong pear swings and significant impairment of spatial perception, eg loss of stereo images.
  • a second prior art approach relates to the personalized sound zones that may be generated using ultrasound technology.
  • Hörschall is modulated on ultrasound carriers and emitted highly focused on the hearing zones.
  • the basic requirement of this modulation principle is the emission of very high ultrasonic levels, e.g. greater than 130 dB.
  • the advantage of this approach is that the ultrasound due to the favorable ratios of wavelength to the size of the active "radiating surface", defined by the speaker size and the speaker array size, emitted more focused than frequencies of the audio frequency range.
  • a higher acoustic separation of the sound zones is possible with the same size of the speaker technology used.
  • Another state-of-the-art approach is based on so-called beamforming.
  • several speakers are used, for example, distributed in the vehicle and / or grouped into a speaker array.
  • the targeted control of each speaker a directed sound radiation, eg for individual sound zones, achieved.
  • the patent US 8,073,156 which discloses the use of line-shaped speaker arrays in a vehicle. This makes it possible to focus a sound pattern on one or more positions in the vehicle.
  • the patent document US 2012/0 121 113 discloses the use of another speaker array in a vehicle including a corresponding controller.
  • the advantage over the former approach lies in the more stable sound zone, even with head movement. Furthermore, no immediate proximity of the seating position to a speaker installation position is necessary.
  • a disadvantage is the achievable sound focusing, which often results in insufficient channel separation, in particular due to the realizable array dimensions, the achievable sound transducer distances (distance from adjacent electroacoustic transducers) and the number of transducers per array result.
  • the channel separation of previous beamforming approaches is reduced by the room-acoustic influences in the vehicle, reflections or room modes.
  • the patent discloses US 7,343,020 an automotive audio system with directional, planar transducers to create stereo or surround sound for each passenger individually.
  • the patent US 2003/0021433 discloses a speaker configuration together with a signal processor for stereo channel generation for all passengers individually by using a center speaker.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a concept for a loudspeaker system, in particular for a vehicle loudspeaker system, which avoids the disadvantages described above and thus enables high-quality surround sound generation with good channel separation.
  • An embodiment according to a first aspect includes a speaker system for a vehicle having a speaker array.
  • the loudspeaker array comprises a plurality of electroacoustic sound transducers which can be controlled individually so that a user-specific audio signal for different users at different listening positions in a vehicle interior of the vehicle can be displayed via the plurality of electroacoustic sound transducers.
  • the loudspeaker array or, in the case of inserted sound guides, a sound outlet of the loudspeaker array is in this case in particular between at least two of the listening positions in the vehicle interior, so for example between the driver and the passenger seat arranged.
  • the embodiments of the first aspect are therefore based on the recognition that a loudspeaker system for a vehicle, in particular with regard to channel separation, e.g. when reproducing different audio content at the different listening positions, it can be improved by arranging a loudspeaker array centrally in the sense of centered on all or the relevant listening positions.
  • the loudspeaker array used may have a separate sound lobe for each listening position (or each relevant listening position), e.g. For stereo, build up several separate sound lobes per zone. Due to the central arrangement of the loudspeaker array, e.g.
  • the loudspeaker array is approximately equidistant from each relevant listening position, so that each sound lobe has similar extension and, in particular, that the sound lobes are also oriented in opposite directions with regard to their direction the channel separation is optimal especially for user-specific audio playback.
  • a preferred positioning of the loudspeaker array would be according to the embodiments in the headliner of the vehicle, in the center console, in the dashboard or in the parcel shelf, according to further exemplary embodiments is particularly important that a distance between the array and the listening positions or at least the relevant listening positions (subset of all listening positions) essentially, ie So with a different +/- 30% is the same.
  • At least one additional loudspeaker such as the customarily existing loudspeaker in the door or the mirror triangle and / or a differently positioned additional loudspeaker, may be provided.
  • the additional speaker is designed as a structure-borne sound converter.
  • the additional loudspeaker is preferably arranged closer to the user than the loudspeaker array. By such a dense arrangement, it is possible that the radiated from the additional speaker sound is almost negligible with respect to the other listening positions, since it can be used here with much lower sound levels and large level difference due to large difference in the listening distance.
  • This additional loudspeaker makes it possible to produce stereo or mono with local level boost or frequency extension (eg bass) for each listening position.
  • Stereo can also be generated with the aid of the majority of electroacoustic transducers and the loudspeaker array based on the technique of acoustic beamforming.
  • at least two beams (sound lobes) or even a stereo beam are generated per listening position.
  • the sound sources to be generated are positioned virtually in space.
  • the beams are tracked taking into account the seat adjustment and the head position of the handset, so that regardless of the seating position results in a consistently good playback impression.
  • the loudspeaker system comprises a signal processor which, for example for beamforming, individually activates the electroacoustic sound transducer and / or the additional loudspeaker (s).
  • the mean distance between the first electroacoustic transducers is smaller compared to the mean distance between the second electroacoustic transducers.
  • the first electroacoustic sound transducers are arranged in a first area region, while the second electroacoustic sound transducers are arranged in a second area region.
  • the average density of the arrangement of the first electroacoustic transducers e.g., again the small electroacoustic transducers for the treble range
  • the average density of the second electroacoustic transducers e.g., large electroacoustic transducers for the low frequency range.
  • Embodiments of this second aspect is based on the finding that the arrangement of transducers of different types in an array need not necessarily be uniformly distributed, but that it may even be advantageous if smaller transducers, which are typically used for high frequency ranges a higher "packing density" are installed, as larger transducers for lower frequency ranges, since the possibility of high-focussed radiation in the higher frequency range, but also the location for high frequency ranges is better than in the low frequency range.
  • Such a sound transducer arrangement thus offers the advantage that both a broad frequency range and a possibility for accurate sound focussing can be achieved.
  • an arrangement described above can be effected either on a line by framing at least two of the first electroacoustic sound transducers through one of the second electroacoustic transducers per side or in the two-dimensional region in a trolley.
  • third electro-acoustic sound transducers are provided which fit in a similar arrangement in the array.
  • a similar arrangement means that the mean distance between adjacent sound transducers of the same type increases with increasing sound transducer size or that the average density decreases.
  • the speaker array according to this second aspect is suitable for serving as a speaker array in the speaker system according to the first aspect. This is particularly advantageous since the addressed array arrangement with the varying packing density offers the possibility of realizing arrays with a high and adjustable directional characteristic while at the same time having a small installation space, as is required, for example, in a central arrangement in the vehicle interior.
  • a further embodiment according to a third aspect provides a loudspeaker array having a plurality of electro-acoustic sound transducers which are coupled at their sound emission surface with sound guides for sound output or for sound control, wherein each sound guide comprises a sound outlet opening.
  • the plurality of sound outlet openings is arranged so that a mean distance between the sound outlet openings is smaller than a (possible) average distance between the juxtaposed electroacoustic transducers.
  • the embodiments of this third aspect is based on the finding that in loudspeaker arrays a compact distribution of the individual sound sources, in particular with regard to the selective sound focusing in the sound radiation is to be preferred.
  • a compact distribution even with large-scale arrays eg due to of large sound transducers
  • funnel-shaped sound guides which are each coupled to an electroacoustic transducer used.
  • the sound outlet openings of the sound guides are smaller than the sound inlet openings of the sound guides, so that the sound outlet openings can be arranged as a compact field.
  • the directional characteristic for an array coupled with a plurality of sound guides can be improved.
  • the loudspeaker array according to this third aspect can be combined well with the basic idea of the loudspeaker array of the second aspect. Furthermore, use of the sound guides in loudspeaker systems of the first aspect is also possible or advantageous.
  • Fig. 1a shows a schematically illustrated vehicle interior 10 in plan view with four listening positions 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d, each defined by a seat on which the potential listener can sit.
  • the speaker system 1 for the vehicle interior 10 includes a speaker array 20 including the plurality of electro-acoustic sound transducers 20a-20h.
  • the array 20 is relatively centrally located with respect to the vehicle interior 10, with the result that the array 20 is arranged at least between two listening positions (subset of all listening positions 12a-12d), here even between the four listening positions 12a-12d is.
  • the speaker array is here, for example, the headliner, the center console, but also alternative to call the dashboard or parcel shelf.
  • the loudspeaker array 20 can be installed above or below or even at the level of the listening zones 12a-12d or the ear height of the listener.
  • the term refers centrally to all listening zones 12a-12d or at least to a subset of the listening zones 12a-12d, eg the listening zone 12a and 12b. The following will discuss the operation of the thus realized speaker system for the vehicle.
  • a sound lobe 22a-22d which is preferably aligned with the listening zones 12a-12d or at least associated therewith, is formed by the loudspeaker array per listening position 12a-12d.
  • the formation of these sound lobes 22a-22d takes place in that the sound transducers 20a-20h of the loudspeaker array 20 are controlled differently, for example taking into account so-called beamforming algorithms, which can also incorporate the radiation characteristic of the individual transducers 20a-20h and the room acoustics influences.
  • beamforming algorithms which can also incorporate the radiation characteristic of the individual transducers 20a-20h and the room acoustics influences.
  • the loudspeaker array 20 is designed to build up a separate sound lobe 22a-22d for each listening position 12a-12d. Due to the central arrangement, each sound lobe 22a-22d has opposite directions (from the center to the listening positions 12a) with respect to their orientation. 12d). In addition, (due to the central location) the speaker array 20 is approximately equidistant from each listening site 12a-12d so that each sound lobe 22a-22d has similar characteristics (e.g., amplitude and level). These two properties contribute significantly to the achieved channel separation between channels 22a-22d. An advantage of the beamforming beams 22a-22d is that the channel separation is so good that user-specific audio signals can be generated for the listening zones 12a-12c.
  • the illustrated arrangement even fulfills a second optional specification, namely that the distance between the loudspeaker array 20 and the individual listening positions 12a-12d is essentially the same, ie with a tolerance of +/- 30% ( central arrangement).
  • the central position of the array 20 also reduces disturbing influences of the room acoustics with respect to the sound zones, eg due to sound reflections on side windows.
  • the entire loudspeaker array 20 and a sound outlet of a sound guide (see. Fig. 3 ), which is coupled to the loudspeaker array, be centrally or generally positioned between at least two of the listening zones 12a-12d.
  • the sound conduction typically includes a sound conductor coupled to the respective sound transducer 20a-20h per sound transducer 20a-20h, wherein a plurality form the sound outlet of the sound conductor the sound outlet of the sound guide.
  • the actual transducer array 20 for example, for reasons of space, at a suitable location in the car (eg in the trunk) are housed and lead the sound guide the sound to the corresponding central sound outlet.
  • Fig. 1b shows the top view of the vehicle interior 10 with the four listening positions 12a-12d and the speaker array 20 of the speaker system 1.
  • the generation of stereo is explained with reference to the position 12a, but is also transferable to the other listening positions 12a-12d.
  • a double sound lobe comprising the sound lobes 22aL and 22aR is generated.
  • the sound lobes 22al and 22ar are aligned once on the left ear (22aL) and once on the right ear (22aR) of the listener at the listening position 12a.
  • the generation of sound channels per listening position 12a-12d is not limited to the number 2 for stereo. Rather, several sound lobes per listening position 12a-12d can be generated to simulate, for example, surround sound.
  • the sound lobes 22aL, 22aR, 22b, 22c and 22d depending on the sitting position, the hearing position 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d are aligned.
  • an informational coupling of the loudspeaker system to the (electric) seat adjustment would be conceivable.
  • FIG. 1c and 1d Another embodiment of the speaker system is in Fig. 1c and 1d in which the central speaker array 20 is combined with at least one auxiliary speaker or auxiliary speaker array (or generally with an auxiliary speaker system, comprising at least one auxiliary speaker).
  • Possible positions for the additional loudspeaker (s) are the A-, B-, C-pillar, the headrest or the headliner.
  • Fig. 1c shows the vehicle interior 10 (top view) with the four listening positions 12a-12d, the centrally arranged speaker array 20 of the speaker system 1 ', wherein the first listening position 12a an additional speaker 30a (here eg in the headliner, alternatively B-pillar or headrest) assigned is.
  • This additional loudspeaker 30a is located at the listening position 12a on a side facing away from the loudspeaker array 20 (here on the left) and is more preferably, but not necessarily closer to the ear than the central loudspeaker array 20. This will then also it is ensured that another optional condition, namely that the additional loudspeaker 30a is arranged closer to a listening position 12a in comparison to the other listening positions 12b-12d, is satisfied.
  • the auxiliary speaker 30a generates a sound lobe 32aL associated with one listening position 12a to one (left) ear of the listener, while the other (right) ear is sounded by the sound lobe 22aR (generated by the speaker array 20).
  • the auxiliary loudspeaker 30a is not limited to stereo, so the auxiliary loudspeaker 30a may generally serve to support the sound at the listening position 12a (level-up mono).
  • the additional loudspeaker 30a it is advantageous for the additional loudspeaker 30a to be positioned close to the listening position so that the laws of the sound level drop are utilized with the distance, which results in that the sound level of the additional loudspeaker 30a in the associated hearing zone 12a is louder than in the foreign hearing zones 12b-12d. This contributes above all to the increased acoustic separation of the sound zones 12a-12d.
  • the advantages of the auxiliary loudspeaker 30a can be seen in the fact that the sound quality and the spatial impression for the associated sound zone by utilizing psychoacoustic effects be improved. It should generally be noted that as a result of the arrangement of sound transducers 20 or 30a as close as possible to the listening position (here 12a), cf. For example, sound transducers 20 and 30a with respect to the listening position 12a, the proportion of direct sound increases, so that reflections are largely obscured or are negligible.
  • Fig. 1d shows the vehicle interior 10 with a loudspeaker system 1 "in a side view, where the listening position 12b and the listening position 12d are shown, wherein it can further be seen that the loudspeaker array 20 is arranged centrally above the listening positions 12d and 12b (ie in the headliner)
  • an additional loudspeaker 30d (here in the parcel shelf for generating the sound lobe 32d) is provided, which in terms of properties and purpose of the additional loudspeaker 30a Fig. 1c equivalent.
  • the seat for the listening position 12b comprises the structure-borne sound exciter 35b
  • the seat for the listening position 12d comprises the structure-borne sound exciter 35d.
  • Each of these structure-borne sound exciters 35b and 35d is mechanically fixed to the seat (seat frame or headrest) for the listening position 12b or 12d (eg via the footwell) connected or generally associated with the location of the listener and trained to output the structure-borne sound 36b and 36d so that he reaches the respective listener.
  • structure-borne noise transducers 35b and 35d are particularly suitable as support in the low-frequency range in which a sound reproduction with small arrays (because of the limited array size) would not be sufficiently focusable.
  • sound decoupling means it can be ensured that the structure-borne sound 36d or 36b is imperceptible in other listening zones, eg 12a and 12c, which in turn contributes to increasing the acoustic separation between the sound zones 12a-12d.
  • Fig. 2a shows a loudspeaker array 50 having a plurality of type A transducers 52a-52d and a plurality of type B transducers 54a-54d.
  • the type A transducers differ particularly in their size, and more typically but not necessarily in FIG its transmittable frequency range from the B-type electroacoustic transducers 54a-54d, eg> 1000 Hz or 500 Hz, A for the low-frequency range, eg ⁇ 2000 Hz or ⁇ 500 Hz).
  • the directional characteristic of the type A sound transducers 52a-52d may be different from the type B sound transducers 54a-54d.
  • the transducers 52a-52d and 54a-54b are in FIG Formed a line-shaped transducer array 50 and have a total of less sound transducer than in the structure with two parallel arrays of the type A and B of equal length.
  • This in Fig. 2a Array arrangements 50 shown in line form may advantageously be designed as arrays for the loudspeaker systems 1, 1 'or 1 " Fig. 1a-1d be used.
  • FIG. 2a explained array in the form of A, B, A, B, A, B, A, B, A, B, the basic idea of the alternating arrangement is also applicable to transducer arrays with more than two different transducer types, such that, for example, a sound transducer -Arangement of A, B, C, A, B, C would be conceivable.
  • Another possible alternative would be the transducer assembly A, A, B, B, A, A, B, B.
  • FIG. 2b shows a loudspeaker array 60 with the sound transducers 52a-52f (type A) and the sound transducers 54a-54f (type B).
  • the sound transducers 52a-52f and 54a-54f are arranged along the line of the array 60 such that a mean distance d B of the sound transducers 54a-54f is smaller than a mean distance d A of the sound transducers 52a-52f, cf.
  • the mean distance of the transducer of the type B d B is also smaller than the average mean distance d AB of all transducers used (cf. Fig. 2a and 2b ).
  • Such a configuration of the mean distance d B in relation to the mean distance d A can be realized by the corresponding sequence of the different sound transducers 52a-52f and 54a-54f.
  • FIG. 2b A possible form of realization would be the combination of the sound transducers in the form of A, A, B, A, B, B, A, B, A, A, A Fig. 2b shown array 60 are in the interior 60i four B-type transducers, see. 54b-54e, each framed by a type A transducer (see Figures 52c and 52d) per side, this arrangement again being framed by a respective type B transducer (see Figures 54a and 54f). This entire sound transducer arrangement is then in turn framed by two sound transducers of type A (see 52a, 52b, 52e and 52f) on each side.
  • Such a distribution can also be described in other words as logarithmic or at least approximately logarithmic.
  • the two system-immanent conditions can be taken into account, namely that for the focused radiation, the loudspeaker array 60 should be larger than the wavelength, which is particularly problematic for the low-frequency reproduction due to the size of the sound transducer 54a-54h, and that at the same time for error-free reproduction, the spacing of adjacent loudspeakers should be smaller than the wavelength, which is problematical in particular for the high-frequency reproduction due to the size of the sound converters 52a-52h.
  • FIG. 2c Figure 5 shows an array 70 having a type B central transducer 54e surrounded by a total of eight type B sound transducers 54a-54i around (ie one on each side). In this respect, therefore, a 3 ⁇ 3 field is generated by electroacoustic transducers 54a-54d of type B by the electroacoustic transducers 54a-54d.
  • This 3x3 array of acoustic transducers 54a-54i is located at the center of gravity of the array surface 70 with respect to the entire transducer array 70. This center of gravity is indicated by reference numeral 70i.
  • the 3x3 field of the sound transducers 54a-54i is in turn surrounded by the sound transducers 52a-52h, type A.
  • the mean distance of the sound transducers 54a-54i which is referred to as density due to the two-dimensionality, is smaller than the average distance of the sound transducers 52a-52h in the outside area 70a. That is, the density in the inner region 70i is higher as compared with the density of the outer region 70a (defined by the number of acoustic transducers 52a-52h and 54a-54i per area). Even with this surface arrangement, therefore, a small sound transducer distance to highly focused radiation at the sound transducers 54a-54i for the high frequency ranges and a design-related larger sound transducer distance (for focused radiation) for the lower frequency ranges (see sound transducer 52a-52h) can be achieved ,
  • planar acoustic transducer arrangement has been explained only in the form of a checkerboard pattern of the acoustic transducer array 70, it should be noted that other planar arrangements, e.g. concentric arrangements, with concentration of sound transducers of a certain type (B) in a certain range, e.g. in the center 70i, in which the "transducer density" varies over the area.
  • the arrangement of the type A / B transducers does not necessarily have to be symmetrical either.
  • an asymmetrical arrangement that is to say a slightly offset high-frequency array (compare 54a-54i), would also be possible in the center 70i of the low-frequency array (compare 52a-52h).
  • a reduction of artifacts in the emission function as a result of discontinuities can be achieved.
  • the cause of such effects is, for example, edge reflection in tweeters, which are placed centrally on the front of the housing.
  • the speaker arrays 60 and 70 are designed as arrays for the embodiment Fig. 1a-d can be used and facing the speaker array Fig. 2a
  • advantages in terms of the directivity, in particular in the beamforming for adjusting the directional characteristic in both the low-frequency and the high-frequency range and can also contribute to the avoidance of spatial aliasing effect.
  • Type B transducers in the center 60i and 70i and Type A outdoor transducers 60a and 70a achieved by the acoustic transducer arrays 60 and 70 can also be achieved by a two-level transducer arrangement as discussed with reference to FIGS Fig. 2d is described.
  • the Fig. 2d shows a speaker array 80 with a plurality of sound transducers 52a-52h (type A), which are arranged in a line (directly) side by side in a first plane. Furthermore, the acoustic transducer array 80 comprises a plurality of sound transducers 54a-54h (type B) which are likewise arranged adjacent to one another (adjacent to one another) in a line-shaped manner. These two transducer types 52a-52h and 54a-54h are arranged in two different planes, ie one behind the other or even offset or one above the other.
  • transducers of the type A are arranged in the first or second plane, and vice versa, whether the transducers of the type B are arranged in the first or second plane.
  • the type B transducers which are thus preferably arranged with a smaller average distance d B , are positioned in the center of the type A sound transducer arrangement so that this embodiment of the loudspeaker array also has a concentration of Sound transducer for the high frequency range in the center can be done.
  • the individual transducers 52a-52h and 54a-54h can be assigned complex directional characteristics, for example by sound guides or by the sound transducer itself.
  • Another embodiment relates to a combination of multiple line arrays, such as e.g. the arrays 50 and 60, so that a planar loudspeaker array is formed.
  • the line arrays 50 or 60 may have a different number of sound transducers here, so that, for example, different lengths of the line arrays result.
  • the sound transducer spacings per line array e.g. due to the fact that different types of transducers are used vary.
  • each line array may include different types of transducers therein, wherein the combination of line arrays of one type per line array is preferable.
  • An exemplary embodiment is characterized in that two line arrays with the acoustic transducer type A include three line arrays with the acoustic transducer type B.
  • a planar loudspeaker array is formed in which a certain type of transducers is concentrated in the center.
  • Fig. 3 shows a speaker array 90, here performed as a combination of eight transducers 52a-52h of the same type.
  • Each of these sound transducers 52a-52h or, to be precise, the diaphragm 56 of the sound transducers 52a-52h is coupled on its radiating side with a sound guide 92a-92h.
  • These sound guides 92a-92h are funnel-shaped and optionally curved elements, so that the sound exit openings (see reference numeral 94) of the sound guide 92a-92h are smaller (in all or at least one dimension) than the sound inlet openings (see reference 56) on the side the electroacoustic transducers 52a-52h.
  • the funnel of the sound guide 92a-92h is designed so that the sound input 56 is offset compared to the sound outlet openings 94, wherein depending on the combination with a sound transducer 52a-52h a different dislocation ratio is used, so that the total surface of the sound outlet openings can be reduced overall ,
  • the sound outlet openings 94 of the sound guides 92a-92h can be arranged close to one another with a mean spacing d S.
  • a very small mean distance d S between the sound outlet openings 94 (in particular compared to the average distance d A ) achieved, resulting in an improved adjustable directional characteristics (due to the reduction of Schallabstrahl S by the compact Distance d S of the sound outlet openings 94 or due to the reduced virtual sound transducer distance d S ) and better positioning of the arrays (eg in the vehicle) contributes.
  • the combination of the sound guide 92a-92h with one of the speaker arrays 50, 60, 70 or 80 is possible, so that a use of the sound guide for the embodiments of the speaker system 1, 1 'or 1 "from the Figs. 1a-1d can be considered.
  • the arrangement of the loudspeakers or loudspeaker arrays of the loudspeaker system can also take place with a predetermined orientation, for example on the listening positions 12a-12d, so that directional radiation per sound transducer is possible, which reduces the influence on the room acoustics contributes in the sound zones by the position of the speakers.
  • a signal control device may also be provided comprising the array 20 and the extended arrays 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 according to the principles described above (see listening zone mono 12a-12d or stereo reproduction of listening zone 12a-12d). controls and thus allows the formation of the appropriate number of high-focussed Schallabstrahlungsbeams 22a-22d, 22aL, 22aR.
  • Fig. 1 It should also be noted that among the user-specific signals, it is also possible to understand the insertion of other audio information, such as in infotainment signals or telecommunication audio into a specific listening zone, eg the driver listening zone 12a.
  • the loudspeaker system may comprise a crossover network or a processor configured to convert the input signal, if it comprises only one auditory content (ie one content for a person at a respective listening / seating position), the middle and higher frequencies to the array , For example, in the way that beam forms can be operated to provide and output the low frequencies to the structure-borne sound transducer of the respective seating position.
  • the crossover or the audio processor is designed to provide the middle and higher frequencies of all the audio contents to be reproduced to the array, namely that by means of beamforming the audio contents are separated for the different listening zones at the different listening positions, while the lower frequencies are split off separately and forwarded to the different structure-borne sound transducers of the different seats or listening positions.
  • this offers the advantage that the middle and higher frequencies for the different listening positions are reproduced by means of the array, while the low frequencies are only displayed locally via the structure-borne sound transducer.
  • FIG. 1 For purposes of this case, an average density of the first electroacoustic sound transducer is smaller than an average density of the second electroacoustic sound transducer.
  • a loudspeaker array having a plurality of electroacoustic sound transducers which are coupled to first sound guides for sound output in a first area, wherein each sound guide comprises a sound exit opening.
  • each sound guide comprises a sound exit opening.
  • the plurality of sound exit openings is arranged such that a mean distance (d S ) between the sound outlet openings is smaller than a possible average distance (d A ) between the juxtaposed electroacoustic transducers.
  • the geometric orientations of the sound transducers 20a-20h in the loudspeaker array 20 shown in the schematic sketches are not fictitious and do not necessarily coincide with reality.
  • the orientations of the individual sound transducers 20a-20h may vary accordingly or even vary from position to position (heavily tilted to the first side, tilted to the first side, down, tilted to the second side, heavily tilted to the second side).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") pour un véhicule, aux caractéristiques suivantes:
    un réseau de haut-parleurs (20, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) avec une pluralité de transducteurs électro-acoustiques (20a à 20h, 52a à 52h, 54a à 54i) pouvant être activés individuellement de sorte que par l'intermédiaire de la pluralité des transducteurs électro-acoustiques (20a à 20h, 52a à 52h, 54a à 54i) puisse être reproduit un signal audio spécifique à l'utilisateur pour différents utilisateurs à différentes positions d'écoute (12a à 12d) dans l'habitacle du véhicule (10),
    dans lequel le réseau de haut-parleurs (20, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) est disposé dans une garniture de toit du véhicule, au centre entre toutes les positions d'écoute (12a à 12d) dans l'habitacle du véhicule (10), de sorte qu'une distance entre le réseau de haut-parleurs (20, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) et toutes les positions d'écoute (12a à 12d) soit identique avec un écart de +/- 30%;
    dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") comporte par position d'écoute au moins un système de haut-parleurs auxiliaire qui présente au moins un haut-parleur auxiliaire (30a, 30d) ou un réseau de haut-parleurs auxiliaire,
    dans lequel le système de haut-parleur auxiliaire comporte un haut-parleur de bruit de structure (35b, 35d) qui est disposé dans un plancher associé à la position d'écoute, dans un siège associé à la position d'écoute et/ou dans un appuie-tête associé à la position d'écoute et/ou qui est ainsi couplé mécaniquement au siège associé à la position d'écoute;
    dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") est conçu pour faire fonctionner à l'aide de la pluralité de transducteurs électro-acoustiques (20a à 20h, 52a à 52h, 54a à 54i) du réseau de haut-parleurs (20, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) la formation de faisceau acoustique en vue de réaliser les lobes acoustiques (22a à 22d, 22aL, 22aR);
    dans lequel les moyennes et hautes fréquences pour les différentes positions d'écoute sont reproduites de manière orientée au moyen du réseau (20, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90), tandis que les basses fréquences ne sont représentées que localement par l'intermédiaire du transducteur de bruit de structure.
  2. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs auxiliaire se trouve plus près de l'utilisateur que le réseau de haut-parleurs (20, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90).
  3. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs auxiliaire est disposé dans un siège associé à la position d'écoute, dans une position associée à la position d'écoute de la colonne A, de la colonne B, de la colonne C et/ou dans la garniture de toit et/ou dans un appuie-tête associé à la position d'écoute.
  4. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs auxiliaire est conçu pour sortir un son (32al, 32d, 36b, 36d) de sorte qu'une grande partie du son (32al, 32d, 36b, 36d) arrive en rapport avec les autres des positions d'écoute (12a à 12d) à la position d'écoute correspondante (12a à 12d).
  5. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs auxiliaire est disposé plus près d'une oreille de l'utilisateur que de l'autre oreille de l'utilisateur.
  6. Réseau de haut-parleurs (60, 70, 80) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le réseau de haut-parleurs (60, 70, 80) comporte une autre pluralité de troisièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques.
  7. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") est conçu à l'aide du système de haut-parleurs auxiliaire pour reproduire le son stéréo par position d'écoute (12a à 12d) ou le son mono avec une augmentation de niveau local.
  8. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") est conçu pour générer à l'aide de la pluralité de transducteurs électro-acoustiques (20a à 20h, 52a à 52h, 54a a 54i) par position d'écoute (12a à 12d) au moins deux lobes acoustiques (22aL, 22aR) ou un lobe acoustique stéréo; et/ou
    dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") est conçu pour positionner, à l'aide de fonctions de transmission qui émulent les effets psycho-acoustiques, les sources sonores virtuellement dans le local (10).
  9. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel la formation de faisceau est basée sur une reproduction de son directe et/ou indirecte par rapport à l'utilisateur.
  10. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel un niveau de pression acoustique et/ou une direction de rayonnement par faisceau, qui est associé à une position d'écoute, sont choisis de sorte que le niveau de pression acoustique à d'autres positions d'écoute (12a à 12d) se situe, après absorption et/ou réflexion, au-dessous seuil d'écoute.
  11. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") est conçu pour faire fonctionner la formation de faisceau en tenant compte d'un réglage du siège ou d'une position de la tête de l'utilisateur pour fonctionner en position d'écoute et/ou pour faire suivre les lobes acoustiques (22a à 22d, 22aL, 22aR) en fonction du réglage du siège et/ou de la position de la tête de l'utilisateur.
  12. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") comporte un moyen de commande qui est conçu pour commander individuellement les transducteurs électro-acoustiques (20a à 20h, 52a à 52h, 54a à 54i).
  13. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, dans lequel le système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") est un réseau de haut-parleurs (60, 70, 80) aux caractéristiques suivantes:
    une pluralité de premiers transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i) qui sont disposés sur une première ligne; et
    une pluralité de deuxièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques (52a à 52h) qui sont disposés sur la première ligne ou sur une ligne parallèle à la première ligne,
    dans lequel une distance moyenne (dB) entre les premiers transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i) est inférieure à une distance moyenne (dA) entre les deuxièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i);
    ou un réseau de haut-parleurs (70) aux caractéristiques suivantes:
    une pluralité de premiers transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i) qui sont disposés dans une première zone plane (70i); et
    une pluralité de deuxièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques (52a à 52h) qui sont disposés dans la première zone plane (70a); et
    dans lequel une densité moyenne des premiers transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i) est inférieure à une densité moyenne des deuxièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques (52a à 52h).
  14. Système de haut-parleurs (1, 1', 1") selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la pluralité de premiers transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i) sont entourés tout autour par la pluralité de deuxièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques (52a à 52h); et/ou
    dans lequel au moins deux des premiers transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i) sont encadrés par deux des deuxièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques (52a à 52h).
  15. Système de haut-parleurs selon l'une des revendications 13 à 14, dans lequel les premiers transducteurs électro-acoustiques (54a à 54i) sont conçus pour reproduire une première plage de fréquences définie par une première fréquence centrale, et les deuxièmes transducteurs électro-acoustiques (52a à 52h) sont conçus pour reproduire une deuxième plage de fréquences définie par une deuxième fréquence centrale,
    dans lequel la première fréquence centrale est supérieure à la deuxième fréquence centrale.
EP15729381.2A 2014-06-05 2015-06-05 Système de haut-parleur Active EP3152925B1 (fr)

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WO2015185727A2 (fr) 2015-12-10
CN106664489B (zh) 2018-10-16
US9854363B2 (en) 2017-12-26
WO2015185727A3 (fr) 2016-03-17
KR20170015371A (ko) 2017-02-08
JP2017523654A (ja) 2017-08-17
US20170085990A1 (en) 2017-03-23
JP6286583B2 (ja) 2018-02-28
EP3280161A1 (fr) 2018-02-07
CN106664489A (zh) 2017-05-10
EP3152925A2 (fr) 2017-04-12
EP3280161B1 (fr) 2022-01-19
KR102077486B1 (ko) 2020-02-17
DE102014217344A1 (de) 2015-12-17

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