EP3150543B1 - Step switch mechanism assembly for gripper devices and gripper device - Google Patents
Step switch mechanism assembly for gripper devices and gripper device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3150543B1 EP3150543B1 EP15188012.7A EP15188012A EP3150543B1 EP 3150543 B1 EP3150543 B1 EP 3150543B1 EP 15188012 A EP15188012 A EP 15188012A EP 3150543 B1 EP3150543 B1 EP 3150543B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gripper
- locking
- gripper device
- pawl
- switch mechanism
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
- B66C1/422—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles actuated by lifting force
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a
- Step switch arrangement for controlling the opening and closing movements of gripper devices which can be detachably attached to construction machines such as cranes.
- the present invention also relates to a gripper device for gripping material to be gripped with such a stepping mechanism arrangement.
- Such gripper devices can, in particular, as known scissor-type grippers for the palletless transport of, for example, building material packages, curb laying pliers for the transport of precast concrete parts, precast pliers for the safe and reliable transport and moving of precast concrete parts, curbs and the like, angle element pliers for the transport of L-shaped stones, for example, or generally as transport grippers or universal pliers.
- Gripper devices can be detachably attached to various construction machines such as cranes, excavators, forklifts, etc. and are designed to grasp goods such as hay bales, barrels, coils, loaded pallets, pipes and the like.
- it is customary to mechanically control the opening and closing movements by means of a stepping mechanism, so that additional units such as hydraulic or pneumatic components can be dispensed with.
- additional units such as hydraulic or pneumatic components can be dispensed with.
- the gripper device attached to the construction machine and in the open state is worn out Fluctuations or vibrations, e.g. B. come from a boom attached to the construction machine while driving over rough terrain, closes unintentionally.
- the gripping mechanism has a lifting mechanism which controls the pivoting position of the load gripping arms, so that, in the case of successive applications of a lifting force, the load gripping arms are alternately opened or closed by a carrying rope connected to the gripping mechanism.
- a gripper device with gripper elements that can be opened and closed for gripping a material to be gripped.
- the gripper device is fastened to a cantilever arm of a driving device with the aid of a fastening device.
- a stepping mechanism is provided for controlling the opening and closing movements of the gripper elements between an open state and a closed state.
- the step switch detects the relative movements between parts of the gripper device.
- a locking element of the indexing mechanism can be moved between a release position in which the gripper elements perform a closing movement and a locking position in which the gripper elements are held in the open position.
- a damping device of the stepping mechanism that slows down the movement of the locking element can prevent the locking element from entering the release position.
- this damping device when the gripper device vibrates, the pivoting movement of the The pawl slows out of the locking position into the release position, so that the stop element with the pawl can lock again with the pawl during the subsequent vibration before the pawl is pivoted into the release position.
- the damping device does not require insignificant installation space, which is only marginally available in the already compact stepping mechanism. Furthermore, there is a risk with the damping device that, for example, the torsion spring breaks and the unwanted closing can no longer be prevented.
- the DE 1 255 888 discloses the preamble of independent claim 1.
- a technical problem on which the invention is based is to provide a stepping mechanism arrangement with which an unintentional closing of the gripper device which is in the open position can be prevented even in the event of large fluctuations or vibrations, without separate additional devices such as for example, a costly damping device is necessary.
- a stepping mechanism arrangement for controlling the opening and closing movements of a gripper device which can be detachably attached to a construction machine and which can be opened and closed for gripping a material to be gripped.
- the indexing device arrangement according to the invention has a pawl which can be attached to the gripper device and has a first locking surface and can be moved between a release position in which the gripper device can carry out a closing movement and a locking position in which the gripper device can be held in the open position.
- the indexing device arrangement according to the invention furthermore has a stop element which can be attached to the gripper device and has a second locking surface and is designed to move along a predetermined, in particular rectilinear movement path during opening and closing movements of the gripper device relative to the pawl.
- the stop element is also designed, when the gripper device is to be held in the open position, to hold the pawl in the locking position by contacting the second locking surface with the first locking surface.
- the second locking surface is inclined at an angle of less than 90 ° with respect to the predetermined movement path. In particular, the angle of the second locking surface in one Range from about 0 ° to 80 or 85 ° to the predetermined movement path of the stop element.
- the first locking surface is designed in particular in accordance with the second locking surface.
- the advantage of the stepping mechanism arrangement according to the invention is that no such damping device has to be provided, but nevertheless due to the unique design of the locking surfaces an unwanted disengagement of the pawl is prevented even with larger vibrations or jerky movements of the gripper device.
- step-by-step mechanism arrangement according to the invention, during the transport of the opened gripper device which is hanging on a cantilever arm, in the event of large fluctuations or vibrations of the cantilever arm, an undesired closing of the gripper device can be avoided in that a movement of the pawl into the release position can be prevented by an engagement with the stop element , Due to the engagement achieved by means of the inclined locking surface of the stop element, additional devices for holding the pawl in the release position can be omitted. In addition, the effect of self-locking between the pawl and the stop element can be increased by the inclined second locking surface.
- the necessary lifting height by which the stop element has to move relative to the pawl so that the pawl can pivot from the locking position into the release position can be increased in a structurally simple and efficient manner. Besides, can thereby permanent unwanted closing of the gripper device can be avoided without the risk that z. B. the damping device fails.
- the pawl can be blocked or released by the stop element depending on the movements of the gripper device when lifting and lowering.
- the stop element has a second locking surface inclined with respect to its predetermined movement path, which comes into contact with the first locking surface of the pawl in the locking position thereof and can thus prevent further movement of the stop element relative to the pawl.
- the second locking surface of the stop element is inclined in such a way that it rises in the direction of the pawl and can thus be prevented that the pawl moves from the locking position into the release position when the hanging and opened gripper device fluctuates.
- a self-locking effect can be achieved by the inclined locking surface engaging locking surfaces is achieved because the stop element urges or biases the pawl in the locking position.
- the stepping mechanism arrangement has a housing which can be attached to the gripper device and in which the pawl is arranged, which can be moved when the gripper device is raised into the region of the stop element in such a way that the first locking surface comes into contact with the second locking surface and the Gripper arms are kept open.
- the stepping mechanism arrangement furthermore has an adjusting pawl arranged in the housing, which is mechanically coupled to the pawl and is designed to move the pawl between the locking position and the release position.
- the pawl with the pawl can, for example, essentially as in FIG EP 2 065 330 B1 described mechanically coupled.
- the adjusting pawl can also be designed to protrude from the stop element out of the housing and into the housing. Due to the mechanical coupling of the pawl to the pawl, when the pawl is actuated by the stop element, the pawl can be brought out of the release position into the locking position again. H. that the pawl protrudes from the housing.
- the stop element is essentially C-shaped and has a lower stop area, an upper stop area spaced from the lower stop area and a connecting area connecting the lower stop area to the upper stop area.
- the lower stop area is essentially plate-shaped and runs essentially horizontally and if the upper stop area is essentially plate-shaped and runs essentially horizontally.
- Such a configuration can provide a locking area between the lower stop area and the upper stop area, into which the pawl can engage or protrude in the locking position.
- the two stop areas can be formed independently of one another, so that the functionality of the stepping mechanism arrangement can be improved and can work satisfactorily.
- first locking surface and / or the second locking surface are flat.
- first locking surface and / or the second locking surface can be curved or configured in some other way.
- the locking surfaces should be inclined in such a way that the pawl has to travel a longer stroke before it comes out of engagement with the stop element.
- the stepping mechanism arrangement preferably also has a manual locking device which has a locking hole and a locking pin which can be inserted into the locking hole and is designed to hold the pawl in the locking position regardless of the position of the stop element.
- a gripper device for gripping a material to be gripped.
- the gripper device according to the invention which can be detachably attached to a cantilever arm of a construction machine by means of a connecting device, has a first gripper arm and a second gripper arm which is movably arranged with respect to the first gripper arm.
- the first gripper arm and the second gripper arm can be moved relative to one another between a closed position and an open position for gripping a material to be gripped.
- the gripper device according to the invention also has an inventive Step switch arrangement, which is designed to control the opening and closing movements of the first gripper arm and the second gripper arm.
- the stop element and the pawl are arranged on the gripper arms in such a way that the stop element engages under the pawl in the open position of the gripper arms.
- the pawl and the stop element are pressed together by the entire hanging gripper device, which is in the open position, and the risk of unintentional loosening is further reduced.
- the first gripper arm and the second gripper arm form a scissor gripper in which the gripper arms can be pivoted relative to one another about a first pivot point for opening and closing.
- regions of the gripper arms projecting beyond the first pivot point to the side of a connecting device which is designed for releasably connecting the gripper device to a construction machine are pivotably connected in second pivot points to connecting rods whose ends facing away from the second pivot points about a third pivot point relative to one another and in Are pivotable with respect to the connecting device.
- the gripper arms thus form a scissor-like joint.
- a housing receiving the adjusting pawl with respect to the second pivot points on the side opposite the connecting device may be attached to attach a stop element with respect to the second pivot points on the side of the connecting device.
- the stop element is preferably arranged at a first location of the gripper device and the pawl at a second location of the gripper device. The first location and the second location can be moved relative to one another when the gripper arms are opened and closed.
- the first location and the second location are both arranged on the same gripper arm, i. H. on the first gripper arm or on the second gripper arm.
- the pawl and the adjusting pawl in the housing are each movably arranged, preferably pivotable, between a first position in which it protrudes from the housing and a second position in which it is moved back into the housing.
- the gripper device is actuated, the pawl and the adjusting pawl are moved in such a way that the operations explained below take place.
- the stop element engages under the pawl protruding from the housing, the gripper device being open in this position of the stepping mechanism arrangement.
- the gripper device When the open gripper device is subsequently positioned around a material to be gripped, for example on a hay bale, the gripper device sits at least partially on the material to be gripped and the contact between the first and second locking surfaces is released, so that the stop element releases the pawl and the pawl releases moved out of the area of the stop element and swings into the housing.
- the stop element moves past the pawl pivoted into the housing and actuates the pawl which moves the pawl out of the housing , In this position, the stop element has passed the pawl so that the gripper device can close and grab the hay bale.
- the stop element is again moved past the pawl in the opposite direction, the pawl being moved into the housing through the lower stop region of the stop element. After the lower stop area has passed the pawl, the pawl can come out of the housing and engage or protrude into the locking area between the lower stop area and the upper stop area.
- the stop element again engages under the pawl and the two locking surfaces come into contact.
- the cycle can then begin again. In this position, the gripper device is again in the open position and can be moved to grip the next item to be gripped.
- the Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a gripper device 10 which is in the open position and which is designed, for example, in the form of a scissor gripper.
- the gripper device can be designed in the form of curb laying pliers, precast pliers or a transport gripper.
- the gripper device 10 essentially consists of a first gripper arm 20 and a second gripper arm 30.
- the first gripper arm 20 has two gripper arm elements 22, 24 which are spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction and are connected to one another via transverse parts 21a, 21b.
- Each gripper arm element 22, 24 essentially comprises a first partial area 23 or 25 and a second partial area 26 or 28, which is preferably under one run approximately at right angles to each other and are rounded at their respective transition.
- a gripping jaw 29, which runs in the transverse direction and connects the first partial regions 23, 25, is arranged on the lower free end region of the first partial regions 23, 25.
- the gripper arm 30 designed in the corresponding manner has the gripper arm elements 32 and 34 spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction, the cross parts 31a, 31b and the gripper jaw 39.
- the gripper arm element 32 comprises the partial regions 33 and 36, which preferably run at an approximately right angle to one another, and the gripper arm element 34 has the partial regions 35 and 38, which likewise preferably run at an approximately right angle to one another.
- the gripping jaw 39 is attached to the lower free ends of the sections 33 and 35 in the transverse direction.
- the partial areas 26 and 28 of the gripper arm elements 22 and 24 and the partial areas 36 and 38 of the gripper arm elements 32 and 34 are pivotally connected to one another about an axis of rotation 40 extending in the transverse direction.
- the axis of rotation 40 is located approximately in the middle of the partial areas 26, 28, 36, 38. In this way, the gripper arms 20 and 30 can be pivoted against each other.
- pivoting connecting rods 43 and 44 are arranged around pivot points 41 and 42, the free end areas of which are pivotably connected to a cross part 45 at pivot points 46 and 47.
- the free end regions of the partial regions 36 and 38 of the gripper arm elements 32 and 34 are connected to pivot rods 51 and 52 by connecting rods 53 and 54, the free end regions of which are pivotably connected to the cross part 45 in the pivot points 46 and 47.
- the gripper arms 20, 30 are accordingly provided in the form of scissor-like joints which are movably connected to one another at the pivot point 40.
- a connecting device 50 is attached in the center of the cross member 45, with which the gripper device 10 can be detachably connected, for example on a cantilever arm of a construction machine, not shown.
- the gripper arms 20, 30 are moved in the direction of the closed position by the dead load of the gripper device 10 hanging on the extension arm.
- the connecting rods 43, 44 are connected to one another by a cross member 48, while the connecting rods 53, 54 are connected to one another by a cross member 58.
- the subregions 26, 28 are also connected to one another by a cross member 49.
- a stepping mechanism arrangement 100 is arranged, which in the following in connection with Fig. 2 is explained.
- the stepping mechanism arrangement 40 can also be arranged in a different way between locations which move relative to one another when the gripper arms 10, 20 open and close.
- the stepping mechanism arrangement 100 has, in the manner already explained at the beginning, a stop element 110 arranged on the first gripper arm 20, in particular on the transverse part 48, of the gripper device 100.
- the stop element 110 is preferably approximately C-shaped and has a lower stop region 112 and an upper stop region 114 spaced apart from the lower stop region 112, which are connected to one another by means of a connecting region 116.
- a locking area 115 is arranged between the lower stop area 112 and the upper stop area 114.
- the lower stop area 112 and the upper stop area 114 are oriented substantially horizontally, the connecting area 116 and a stiffening area 118, which is between the lower stop area 112, upper Stop area 114 and connecting area 116 is connected, are aligned substantially vertically.
- a housing 120 can be attached, preferably welded, to the transverse part 49, on one side of which the stop element 110 slides when the gripper device 10 reaches its open position.
- the stop element 110 is movable along a predetermined movement path B relative to the housing 120.
- the movement path B of the stop element 110 is part of a circle around the pivot points 41, 42 (see Fig. 1 ). In side view of the circular arc part of the movement path B appears as from the Figure 3B visible, but the movement path B is straight.
- a pawl 122 and a pawl 124 are arranged on the housing 120 in the manner already explained at the beginning, the function of which in detail in connection with the schematic representations of FIGS 3 to 7 are explained. In the 3 to 7 are they from the 1 and 2 known elements with the same reference numerals.
- the pawl 122 has a plate-like first pawl element 122a and a plate-like second pawl element 122b spaced therefrom, which are rigidly connected to one another by means of a non-visible web.
- the two pawl elements 122a, 122b have an essentially identical shape and are congruently shaped in a side view.
- Each of the two pawl elements 122a, 122b has a first elongated hole 121a, 121b (in the Fig. 2 only the elongated hole 121a of the first pawl element 122a is visible) through which a first bearing pin 126 attached to the housing 120 extends.
- the two pawl elements 122a, 122b are each mounted on the bearing pin 126 in such a way that they can rotate or pivot freely about the bearing pin.
- the plate-like adjusting pawl 124 is arranged to move freely between the spaced pawl elements 122a, 122b and has a second slot 127 (see 3 to 7 ) through which extends a second bearing pin 129 fastened to the housing 120.
- the second bearing pin 129 extends beyond the elongated hole 127 and can come into contact with peripheral surfaces of the pawl elements 122a, 122b.
- the second bearing pin 129 is arranged above the first bearing pin 126.
- the pawl elements 122a, 122b and the pawl 124 are connected to one another by a connecting pin 128 such that the two pawl elements 122a, 122b and the pawl 124 are each rotatable about the connecting pin 128.
- the pawl 122 and the pawl 124 are mechanically coupled to one another by the bearing pins 126, 129 and the connecting pin 128.
- the region of the stop region 112 facing the housing 120 is inclined and has a locking surface 113 which is designed to come into contact with a locking surface 123 of the locking pawl 122 in the locking position of the locking pawl 122.
- the 3A and 3B show a side view of the gripper device 10 or the indexing device arrangement 100 in a position in which the gripper device 10 is raised with the cantilever arm and the gripper arms 20, 30 are open (see Fig. 1 ).
- the pawl 122 protruding from the housing 120 interlockingly engages the stop element 110.
- the lower stop region 112 interlockingly engages the pawl 122, so that the locking surface 113 of the lower stop region 112 is in contact with the locking surface 123. Locking occurs between the cross part 49 of the gripper arm elements 22, 23 and the cross part 48 between the connecting rods 43, 44.
- the gripper device 10 can be held in the open position and according to the Figure 3A can be positioned around a material 90 to be gripped.
- the indexing device arrangement 100 can optionally have a locking device 130 with which the pawl 122 can be held in its locking position.
- the locking device 130 has a locking hole 132, which is located in the housing 120 at a location below the bearing pin 126.
- the locking device 130 has a locking pin 134 which can be inserted manually into the locking hole 132. If the locking pin 134 is inserted into the locking hole 132 while the pawl 122 is in the locking position, the pawl 122 is prevented from moving into the release position regardless of the position of the stop element 110.
- stop element 110 moves downward relative to pawl 122 by gravity. If the amount of movement of the stop element 110 exceeds the necessary lifting height H (see 8 and 9 ), the pawl 122 is released and can pivot back into the housing 120. Thus, the stop element 110 must be at least H (see Fig. 8 ) are moved downward so that the pawl 122 can pivot freely back into the housing 120 under the action of gravity.
- the pawl 122 is mounted on the bearing pin 126 such that it tends to pivot into the housing 120 from the locking position projecting from the housing 120 without the locking with the stop element 110. This is accomplished by the mobility of the pawl 122 relative to the bearing pin 126 through the elongated hole 121.
- the bearing pin 126 According to the Figure 4B is the bearing pin 126 with the upper area of the elongated hole 121 in contact, whereas the bearing pin 126 according to the Figure 3B is in contact with the upper region of the elongated hole 121.
- the gripper device 10 with the material 90 gripped therein is placed on the ground, the stop element 110 moving downward and the lower stop region 112 pushing the pawl 122 into the housing 120.
- the mechanical pawl between the pawl 122 and the pawl 124 moves the pawl 124 out of the housing 120 again.
- the gripper arms 20, 30 are opened and the material 90 to be gripped is free.
- the lower stop area 112 touches the locking pawl 122 from below and locks, the locking pawl 122 moving somewhat upward through the elongated hole 121 and then the pawl 124 is moved out of the housing 120 to the front.
- the state of the 3A and 3B is reached again. In this state, the gripper arms 20, 30 of the gripper device 10 are opened again and the next material 90 to be gripped can be gripped and moved.
- the cycle starts again.
- the Fig. 8 shows an enlarged section of the stepping mechanism arrangement 100, which is in the position according to FIG Figure 3B located. From the Fig. 8 it can be seen that the lower stop region 112 consists of a bent plate element, the front region, which faces the locking pawl 122 and is bent, being inclined by an angle ⁇ with respect to the linear movement path B of the stop element 110. In the Fig. 8 it should be noted that this is one against the Fig. 1 3 shows a side view of the stepping mechanism arrangement 100 so that the movement path B shown in FIG Fig. 1 is circular, in which Fig. 8 runs straight. The angle ⁇ is thus defined between the linear movement path B and the inclined locking surface 113.
- the engagement length E between the locking surface 113 and the locking surface 123 is directly related to the necessary lifting height H and the angle ⁇ .
- the necessary lifting height H describes the height by which the stop element 110 must be moved downwards relative to the pawl 122 so that the pawl 122 moves out of the locking position (see Figure 3A ) in the release position (see Figure 4B ) can pivot freely.
- the engagement length E is preferably in the range from approximately 10 mm to approximately 150 mm, in particular between approximately 30 mm and approximately 80 mm.
- the necessary lifting height H is preferably in the range of about 5 mm to about 50 mm, especially between about 10 mm and 30 mm.
- the value for the angle ⁇ is approximately 70 °, and according to the invention the value for the angle ⁇ can be in a range between approximately 0 ° and approximately 80 °, possibly even 85 °, in particular between 50 ° and 80 °.
- the Fig. 9 a further embodiment of the stepping mechanism arrangement 100 according to the invention, in which the angle ⁇ is 0 °, that is to say that the locking surface 113 runs essentially parallel to the movement path B of the stop element 110.
- the pawl 122 and the locking surface 123 are adapted in accordance with the lower stop area 112 so that the stop element 110 can hold the pawl 122 in the locking position.
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Description
Schrittschaltwerkanordnung zum Steuern der Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen von Greifereinrichtungen, die lösbar an Baumaschinen wie beispielsweise Krane anbringbar sind. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Greifereinrichtung zum Ergreifen von Greifgut mit einer solchen Schrittschaltwerkanordnung.Step switch arrangement for controlling the opening and closing movements of gripper devices which can be detachably attached to construction machines such as cranes. The present invention also relates to a gripper device for gripping material to be gripped with such a stepping mechanism arrangement.
Derartige Greifereinrichtungen können insbesondere wie an sich bekannte Scherengreifer zum palettenlosen Transport von beispielsweise Baustoffpaketen, Bordsteinverlegezangen zum Transport von Betonfertigteilen, Fertigteilzangen zum sicheren und zuverlässigen Transport und Versetzen von Betonfertigteilen, Bordsteinen und dergleichen, Winkelelementzangen zum Transport von beispielsweise L-förmigen Steinen oder allgemein als Transportgreifer oder Universalzange ausgebildet sein.Such gripper devices can, in particular, as known scissor-type grippers for the palletless transport of, for example, building material packages, curb laying pliers for the transport of precast concrete parts, precast pliers for the safe and reliable transport and moving of precast concrete parts, curbs and the like, angle element pliers for the transport of L-shaped stones, for example, or generally as transport grippers or universal pliers.
Greifereinrichtungen können an verschiedenen Baumaschinen wie beispielsweise Krane, Bagger, Gabelstapler, etc. lösbar angebracht werden und sind zum Ergreifen von Greifgut wie beispielsweise Heuballen, Fässer, Coils, beladene Paletten, Rohre und dergleichen ausgebildet. Bei solchen Greifereinrichtungen ist es üblich, die Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen mittels einem Schrittschaltwerk mechanisch zu steuern, so dass Zusatzaggregate wie beispielsweise Hydraulik- oder Pneumatikkomponenten entfallen können. Es tritt jedoch häufig das Problem auf, dass sich die an der Baumaschine angebrachte und sich im geöffneten Zustand befindliche Greifereinrichtung durch Schwankungen bzw. Schwingungen, die z. B. von einem an der Baumaschine angebrachten Auslegerarm während der Fahrt über unwegsames Gelände stammen, ungewollt schließt.Gripper devices can be detachably attached to various construction machines such as cranes, excavators, forklifts, etc. and are designed to grasp goods such as hay bales, barrels, coils, loaded pallets, pipes and the like. In the case of such gripper devices, it is customary to mechanically control the opening and closing movements by means of a stepping mechanism, so that additional units such as hydraulic or pneumatic components can be dispensed with. However, the problem often arises that the gripper device attached to the construction machine and in the open state is worn out Fluctuations or vibrations, e.g. B. come from a boom attached to the construction machine while driving over rough terrain, closes unintentionally.
Aus der
Weitere Greifmechanismen sind aus der
Aus der
Bei dieser Dämpfungseinrichtung wird bei einer Schwingung der Greifereinrichtung mittels einer Torsionsfeder die Schwenkbewegung der Sperrklinke aus der Verriegelungsstellung in die Freigabestellung verlangsamt, so dass das Anschlagelement mit der Sperrklinke bei der darauffolgenden Schwingung wieder mit der Sperrklinke verriegeln kann, bevor die Sperrklinke in die Freigabestellung geschwenkt ist. Außerdem benötigt die Dämpfungseinrichtung keinen unerheblichen Bauraum, der bei dem ohnehin schon kompakten Schrittschaltwerk nur geringfügig verfügbar ist. Ferner besteht bei der Dämpfungseinrichtung die Gefahr, dass beispielsweise die Torsionsfeder bricht und somit das ungewollte Schließen nicht mehr länger verhindert werden kann.In the case of this damping device, when the gripper device vibrates, the pivoting movement of the The pawl slows out of the locking position into the release position, so that the stop element with the pawl can lock again with the pawl during the subsequent vibration before the pawl is pivoted into the release position. In addition, the damping device does not require insignificant installation space, which is only marginally available in the already compact stepping mechanism. Furthermore, there is a risk with the damping device that, for example, the torsion spring breaks and the unwanted closing can no longer be prevented.
Die
Ausgehend von dem genannten Stand der Technik besteht ein der Erfindung zugrunde liegendes technisches Problem darin, eine Schrittschaltwerkanordnung vorzusehen, mit der ein ungewolltes Schließen der sich in der offenen Stellung befindlichen Greifereinrichtung auch bei großen Schwankungen bzw. Schwingungen verhindert werden kann, ohne dass separate Zusatzvorrichtungen wie beispielsweise eine kostenintensive Dämpfungseinrichtung notwendig sind.Starting from the prior art mentioned, a technical problem on which the invention is based is to provide a stepping mechanism arrangement with which an unintentional closing of the gripper device which is in the open position can be prevented even in the event of large fluctuations or vibrations, without separate additional devices such as for example, a costly damping device is necessary.
Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Schrittschaltwerkanordnung zum Steuern der Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen einer an einer Baumaschine lösbar anbringbaren Greifereinrichtung offenbart, die zum Ergreifen eines Greifguts geöffnet und geschlossenen werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäße Schrittschaltwerkanordnung weist eine an der Greifereinrichtung anbringbare Sperrklinke, die eine erste Verriegelungsfläche hat und zwischen einer Freigabestellung, in der die Greifereinrichtung eine Schließbewegung ausführen kann, und einer Verriegelungsstellung, in der die Greifereinrichtung in der geöffneten Stellung gehalten werden kann, bewegbar ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Schrittschaltwerkanordnung weist ferner ein an der Greifereinrichtung anbringbares Anschlagelement auf, das eine zweite Verriegelungsfläche hat und dazu ausgebildet ist, sich bei Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen der Greifereinrichtung relativ zur Sperrklinke entlang einer vorbestimmten, insbesondere geradlinigen Bewegungsbahn zu bewegen. Das Anschlagelement ist ferner dazu ausgebildet, wenn die Greifereinrichtung in der geöffneten Stellung gehalten werden soll, die Sperrklinke in der Verriegelungsstellung durch in Kontakt treten der zweiten Verriegelungsfläche mit der ersten Verriegelungsfläche zu halten. Die zweite Verriegelungsfläche ist gegenüber der vorbestimmten Bewegungsbahn unter einem Winkel kleiner 90° geneigt. Insbesondere kann der Winkel der zweiten Verriegelungsfläche in einem Bereich von etwa 0° bis 80 oder 85° zur vorbestimmten Bewegungsbahn des Anschlagelements liegen. Die erste Verriegelungsfläche ist insbesondere entsprechend der zweiten Verriegelungsfläche ausgebildet.According to a first aspect of the present invention, a stepping mechanism arrangement for controlling the opening and closing movements of a gripper device which can be detachably attached to a construction machine and which can be opened and closed for gripping a material to be gripped is disclosed. The indexing device arrangement according to the invention has a pawl which can be attached to the gripper device and has a first locking surface and can be moved between a release position in which the gripper device can carry out a closing movement and a locking position in which the gripper device can be held in the open position. The indexing device arrangement according to the invention furthermore has a stop element which can be attached to the gripper device and has a second locking surface and is designed to move along a predetermined, in particular rectilinear movement path during opening and closing movements of the gripper device relative to the pawl. The stop element is also designed, when the gripper device is to be held in the open position, to hold the pawl in the locking position by contacting the second locking surface with the first locking surface. The second locking surface is inclined at an angle of less than 90 ° with respect to the predetermined movement path. In particular, the angle of the second locking surface in one Range from about 0 ° to 80 or 85 ° to the predetermined movement path of the stop element. The first locking surface is designed in particular in accordance with the second locking surface.
Gegenüber der bekannten und zuvor erläuterten Greifereinrichtung, bei der ein ungewolltes Schließen der Greifereinrichtung mittels einer die Schwenkbewegung der Sperrklinke verlangsamenden Dämpfungseinrichtung verhindert wird, besteht der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Schrittschaltwerkanordnung darin, dass keine solche Dämpfungseinrichtung vorgesehen werden muss, aber doch durch die einzigartige Ausgestaltung der Verriegelungsflächen ein ungewolltes Außereingriffgelangen der Sperrklinke auch bei größeren Schwingungen oder ruckartigen Bewegungen der Greifereinrichtung verhindert wird..Compared to the known and previously explained gripper device, in which an unwanted closing of the gripper device is prevented by means of a damping device which slows down the pivoting movement of the pawl, the advantage of the stepping mechanism arrangement according to the invention is that no such damping device has to be provided, but nevertheless due to the unique design of the locking surfaces an unwanted disengagement of the pawl is prevented even with larger vibrations or jerky movements of the gripper device.
Gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Schrittschaltwerkanordnung kann während dem Transport der geöffneten und an einem Auslegerarm hängenden Greifereinrichtung bei großen Schwankungen bzw. Schwingungen des Auslegerarmes ein ungewolltes Schließen der Greifereinrichtung dadurch vermieden werden, dass eine Bewegung der Sperrklinke in die Freigabestellung durch einen Eingriff mit dem Anschlagelement verhindert werden kann. Durch den mittels der geneigten Verriegelungsfläche des Anschlagelements erzielten Eingriff können weitere Zusatzvorrichtungen zum Halten der Sperrklinke in der Freigabestellung entfallen. Außerdem kann der Effekt der Selbsthemmung zwischen der Sperrklinke und dem Anschlagelement durch die geneigte zweite Verriegelungsfläche vergrößert werden.According to the step-by-step mechanism arrangement according to the invention, during the transport of the opened gripper device which is hanging on a cantilever arm, in the event of large fluctuations or vibrations of the cantilever arm, an undesired closing of the gripper device can be avoided in that a movement of the pawl into the release position can be prevented by an engagement with the stop element , Due to the engagement achieved by means of the inclined locking surface of the stop element, additional devices for holding the pawl in the release position can be omitted. In addition, the effect of self-locking between the pawl and the stop element can be increased by the inclined second locking surface.
Durch das Vorsehen der geneigten Verriegelungsfläche des Anschlagelements kann somit die notwendige Hubhöhe, um die sich das Anschlagelement relativ zur Sperrklinke bewegen muss, damit die Sperrklinke aus der Verriegelungsstellung in die Freigabestellung schwenken kann, auf konstruktiv einfache und effiziente Weise vergrößert werden. Außerdem kann dadurch dauerhafte ein ungewolltes Schließen der Greifereinrichtung vermieden werden, ohne der Gefahr, dass z. B. die Dämpfungseinrichtung ausfällt.By providing the inclined locking surface of the stop element, the necessary lifting height by which the stop element has to move relative to the pawl so that the pawl can pivot from the locking position into the release position can be increased in a structurally simple and efficient manner. Besides, can thereby permanent unwanted closing of the gripper device can be avoided without the risk that z. B. the damping device fails.
Durch das Verhindern des ungewollten Schließens der Greifereinrichtung, das bei hängender Greifereinrichtung und gleichzeitigen Rüttel- und Schwungbewegungen schlagartig durch die Schwerkraft hervorgerufen werden kann, können ferner Beschädigungen an der Greifereinrichtung vermieden und Gefährdungen von Bedienungspersonal verhindert werden.By preventing the unintentional closing of the gripper device, which can suddenly be caused by gravity when the gripper device is hanging and simultaneous shaking and swinging movements, damage to the gripper device can be avoided and hazards to operating personnel can be prevented.
Die Sperrklinke kann von dem Anschlagelement in Abhängigkeit von den Bewegungen der Greifereinrichtung beim Anheben und Absenken blockierbar oder freigebbar sein. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass das Anschlagelement eine gegenüber seiner vorbestimmten Bewegungsbahn geneigte zweite Verriegelungsfläche aufweist, die mit der ersten Verriegelungsfläche der Sperrklinke in der Verriegelungsstellung derselben in Kontakt gelangt und somit eine Weiterbewegung des Anschlagelements relativ zur Sperrklinke verhindern kann. Dadurch wird die zum ungewollten Lösen der Verriegelungsstellung der Sperrklinke notwendige Hubhöhe des Anschlagelements vergrößert und somit kann eine unerwünschte und frühzeitige Freigabe der Sperrklinke bei einer unsachgemäßen Handhabung der Greifereinrichtung vermieden werden.The pawl can be blocked or released by the stop element depending on the movements of the gripper device when lifting and lowering. According to the invention it is provided that the stop element has a second locking surface inclined with respect to its predetermined movement path, which comes into contact with the first locking surface of the pawl in the locking position thereof and can thus prevent further movement of the stop element relative to the pawl. As a result, the lifting height of the stop element necessary for unintentionally releasing the locking position of the pawl is increased, and an undesired and premature release of the pawl can be avoided in the event of improper handling of the gripper device.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die zweite Verriegelungsfläche des Anschlagelements derart geneigt, dass diese in Richtung der Sperrklinke ansteigt und dadurch verhinderbar ist, dass bei Schwankungen der hängenden und geöffneten Greifereinrichtung die Sperrklinke aus der Verriegelungsstellung in die Freigabestellung gelangt.In a preferred embodiment, the second locking surface of the stop element is inclined in such a way that it rises in the direction of the pawl and can thus be prevented that the pawl moves from the locking position into the release position when the hanging and opened gripper device fluctuates.
Je kleiner der Neigungswinkel der zweiten Verriegelungsfläche des Anschlagelements bei Beibehaltung der Eingriffslänge ausgewählt wird, desto besser kann die Sperrklinke davor gehindert werden, ungewollt in die Freigabestellung zu gelangen. Zudem kann durch die geneigte Verriegelungsfläche ein Selbsthemmungseffekt erzielt werden, der durch die sich eingreifenden Verriegelungsflächen erreicht wird, da das Anschlagelement die Sperrklinke in die Verriegelungsstellung drängt bzw. vorspannt.The smaller the angle of inclination of the second locking surface of the stop element is selected while maintaining the engagement length, the better the pawl can be prevented from unintentionally reaching the release position. In addition, a self-locking effect can be achieved by the inclined locking surface engaging locking surfaces is achieved because the stop element urges or biases the pawl in the locking position.
In einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform weist die Schrittschaltwerkanordnung ein an der Greifereinrichtung anbringbares Gehäuse auf, in dem die Sperrklinke angeordnet ist, die beim Anheben der Greifereinrichtung in den Bereich des Anschlagelements derart bewegbar ist, dass die erste Verriegelungsfläche mit der zweiten Verriegelungsfläche in Kontakt gelangt und die Greiferarme im geöffneten Zustand gehalten werden.In a further embodiment according to the invention, the stepping mechanism arrangement has a housing which can be attached to the gripper device and in which the pawl is arranged, which can be moved when the gripper device is raised into the region of the stop element in such a way that the first locking surface comes into contact with the second locking surface and the Gripper arms are kept open.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist die Schrittschaltwerkanordnung ferner eine im Gehäuse angeordnete Stellklinke auf, die mit der Sperrklinke mechanisch gekoppelt und dazu ausgebildet ist, die Sperrklinke zwischen der Verriegelungsstellung und der Freigabestellung zu bewegen. Dabei kann die Stellklinke mit der Sperrklinke beispielsweise im Wesentlichen so wie in der
Die Stellklinke kann in einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform ferner dazu ausgebildet ist, vom Anschlagelement aus dem Gehäuse hervorstehend und in das Gehäuse hinein bewegt zu werden. Durch die mechanische Kopplung der Stellklinke mit der Sperrklinke kann bei Betätigung der Stellklinke durch das Anschlagelement die Sperrklinke aus der Freigabestellung wieder in die Verriegelungsstellung gebracht werden, d. h. dass die Sperrklinke aus dem Gehäuse hervorsteht.In an exemplary embodiment, the adjusting pawl can also be designed to protrude from the stop element out of the housing and into the housing. Due to the mechanical coupling of the pawl to the pawl, when the pawl is actuated by the stop element, the pawl can be brought out of the release position into the locking position again. H. that the pawl protrudes from the housing.
In einer beispielhaften Ausgestaltung ist das Anschlagelement im Wesentlichen C-förmig ausgebildet und weist einen unteren Anschlagbereich, einen vom unteren Anschlagbereich beabstandeten oberen Anschlagbereich und einen den unteren Anschlagbereich mit dem oberen Anschlagbereich verbindenden Verbindungsbereich auf.In an exemplary embodiment, the stop element is essentially C-shaped and has a lower stop area, an upper stop area spaced from the lower stop area and a connecting area connecting the lower stop area to the upper stop area.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn der untere Anschlagbereich im Wesentlichen plattenförmig ist und im Wesentlichen horizontal verläuft und wenn der obere Anschlagbereich im Wesentlichen plattenförmig ist und im Wesentlichen horizontal verläuft. Durch eine solche Ausgestaltung kann zwischen dem unteren Anschlagbereich und dem oberen Anschlagbereich ein Verriegelungsbereich vorgesehen sein, in den die Sperrklinke in der Verriegelungsstellung eingreifen bzw. hervorstehen kann. Die beiden Anschlagbereiche können unabhängig voneinander geformt werden, so dass die Schrittschaltwerkanordnung hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionalität verbessert werden und zufriedenstellend arbeiten kann.It is particularly preferred if the lower stop area is essentially plate-shaped and runs essentially horizontally and if the upper stop area is essentially plate-shaped and runs essentially horizontally. Such a configuration can provide a locking area between the lower stop area and the upper stop area, into which the pawl can engage or protrude in the locking position. The two stop areas can be formed independently of one another, so that the functionality of the stepping mechanism arrangement can be improved and can work satisfactorily.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die erste Verriegelungsfläche und/oder die zweite Verriegelungsfläche eben ausgebildet. Alternativ kann die erste Verriegelungsfläche und/oder zweite Verriegelungsfläche gekrümmt oder anderweitig ausgestaltet sein. Insbesondere sollten die Verriegelungsflächen aber derart geneigt sein, dass die Sperrklinke einen größeren Hubweg zurücklegen muss, bevor sie außer Eingriff mit dem Anschlagelement gelangt.In a preferred embodiment, the first locking surface and / or the second locking surface are flat. Alternatively, the first locking surface and / or the second locking surface can be curved or configured in some other way. In particular, however, the locking surfaces should be inclined in such a way that the pawl has to travel a longer stroke before it comes out of engagement with the stop element.
Vorzugsweise weist die Schrittschaltwerkanordnung ferner eine manuellen Verriegelungseinrichtung auf, die ein Verriegelungsloch und einen in das Verriegelungsloch einsteckbaren Verriegelungsstift aufweist, der dazu ausgebildet ist, die Sperrklinke in der Verriegelungsstellung unabhängig von der Position des Anschlagelements zu halten.The stepping mechanism arrangement preferably also has a manual locking device which has a locking hole and a locking pin which can be inserted into the locking hole and is designed to hold the pawl in the locking position regardless of the position of the stop element.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Greifereinrichtung zum Ergreifen eines Greifguts offenbart. Die erfindungsgemäße Greifereinrichtung, die an einem Auslegearm einer Baumaschine mittels einer Verbindungsvorrichtung lösbar anbringbar ist, weist einen ersten Greiferarm und einen gegenüber dem ersten Greiferarm bewegbar angeordneten zweiten Greiferarm auf. Der erste Greiferarm und der zweite Greiferarm sind zum Ergreifen eines Greifguts zwischen einer geschlossenen Stellung und einer geöffneten Stellung relativ zueinander bewegbar. Die erfindungsgemäße Greifereinrichtung weist ferner eine erfindungsgemäße Schrittschaltwerkanordnung auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen des ersten Greiferarms und des zweiten Greiferarms zu steuern.According to a further aspect of the present invention, a gripper device for gripping a material to be gripped is disclosed. The gripper device according to the invention, which can be detachably attached to a cantilever arm of a construction machine by means of a connecting device, has a first gripper arm and a second gripper arm which is movably arranged with respect to the first gripper arm. The first gripper arm and the second gripper arm can be moved relative to one another between a closed position and an open position for gripping a material to be gripped. The gripper device according to the invention also has an inventive Step switch arrangement, which is designed to control the opening and closing movements of the first gripper arm and the second gripper arm.
Gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Greifereinrichtung sind das Anschlagelement und die Sperrklinke derart an den Greiferarmen angeordnet, dass das Anschlagelement in der geöffneten Stellung der Greiferarme die Sperrklinke untergreift. Dadurch werden die Sperrklinke und das Anschlagelement durch die auf die gesamte hängende Greifereinrichtung, die sich in der geöffneten Stellung befindet, zusammengedrückt und das Risiko des ungewollten Lösens weiter vermindert.According to an exemplary embodiment of the gripper device, the stop element and the pawl are arranged on the gripper arms in such a way that the stop element engages under the pawl in the open position of the gripper arms. As a result, the pawl and the stop element are pressed together by the entire hanging gripper device, which is in the open position, and the risk of unintentional loosening is further reduced.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Greifereinrichtung bilden der erste Greiferarm und der zweite Greiferarm einen Scherengreifer, bei dem die Greiferarme um einen ersten Drehpunkt zum Öffnen und Schließen relativ zueinander verschwenkbar sind. Dabei sind jeweils über den ersten Drehpunkt zur Seite einer Verbindungsvorrichtung, die zum lösbaren Verbinden der Greifereinrichtung mit einer Baumaschine ausgebildet ist, hinausragende Bereiche der Greiferarme in zweiten Drehpunkten verschwenkbar mit Verbindungsstäben verbunden, deren den zweiten Drehpunkten abgewandte Enden um einen dritten Drehpunkt relativ zueinander und in Bezug auf die Verbindungsvorrichtung verschwenkbar sind. Die Greiferarme bildet somit ein scherenartiges Gelenk.In a further embodiment of the gripper device, the first gripper arm and the second gripper arm form a scissor gripper in which the gripper arms can be pivoted relative to one another about a first pivot point for opening and closing. In this case, regions of the gripper arms projecting beyond the first pivot point to the side of a connecting device which is designed for releasably connecting the gripper device to a construction machine are pivotably connected in second pivot points to connecting rods whose ends facing away from the second pivot points about a third pivot point relative to one another and in Are pivotable with respect to the connecting device. The gripper arms thus form a scissor-like joint.
Ferner kann es bevorzugt sein, ein die Stellklinke aufnehmendes Gehäuse in Bezug auf die zweiten Drehpunkte auf der Seite gegenüber der Verbindungsvorrichtung anzubringen und das Anschlagelement in Bezug auf die zweiten Drehpunkte auf der Seite der Verbindungsvorrichtung anzubringen. Vorzugsweise sind das Anschlagelement an einem ersten Ort der Greifereinrichtung und die Sperrklinke an einem zweiten Ort der Greifereinrichtung angeordnet. Der erste Ort und der zweite Ort sind beim Öffnen und Schließen der Greiferarme relativ zueinander bewegbar.Furthermore, it may be preferred to attach a housing receiving the adjusting pawl with respect to the second pivot points on the side opposite the connecting device and to attach the stop element with respect to the second pivot points on the side of the connecting device. The stop element is preferably arranged at a first location of the gripper device and the pawl at a second location of the gripper device. The first location and the second location can be moved relative to one another when the gripper arms are opened and closed.
In einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform sind der erste Ort und der zweite Ort beide an demselben Greiferarm angeordnet, d. h. am ersten Greiferarm oder am zweiten Greiferarm.In an exemplary embodiment, the first location and the second location are both arranged on the same gripper arm, i. H. on the first gripper arm or on the second gripper arm.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Sperrklinke und die Stellklinke im Gehäuse jeweils zwischen einer ersten Stellung, in der es aus dem Gehäuse herausragt, und einer zweiten Stellung, in der es in das Gehäuse zurückbewegt ist, beweglich angeordnet, vorzugsweise verschwenkbar. Bei Betätigung der Greifereinrichtung werden die Sperrklinke und die Stellklinke derart bewegt, dass die wie im Folgenden erläuterten Operationen ablaufen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pawl and the adjusting pawl in the housing are each movably arranged, preferably pivotable, between a first position in which it protrudes from the housing and a second position in which it is moved back into the housing. When the gripper device is actuated, the pawl and the adjusting pawl are moved in such a way that the operations explained below take place.
Beim Anheben der Greifereinrichtung untergreift das Anschlagelement die aus dem Gehäuse hervorstehende Sperrklinke, wobei die Greifereinrichtung in dieser Stellung der Schrittschaltwerkanordnung geöffnet ist.When the gripper device is raised, the stop element engages under the pawl protruding from the housing, the gripper device being open in this position of the stepping mechanism arrangement.
Beim nachfolgenden Positionieren der geöffneten Greifereinrichtung um ein Greifgut, beispielsweise auf einem Heuballen, sitzt die Greifereinrichtung zumindest teilweise auf dem Greifgut auf und es löst sich der Kontakt zwischen der ersten und zweiten Verriegelungsfläche, so dass das Anschlagelement die Sperrklinke frei gibt und sich die Sperrklinke aus dem Bereich des Anschlagelements herausbewegt und in das Gehäuse einschwenkt.When the open gripper device is subsequently positioned around a material to be gripped, for example on a hay bale, the gripper device sits at least partially on the material to be gripped and the contact between the first and second locking surfaces is released, so that the stop element releases the pawl and the pawl releases moved out of the area of the stop element and swings into the housing.
Beim anschließenden Anheben und Ergreifen des Heuballens zwischen den Greiferarmen, das durch das Gewicht desselben und durch das Eigengewicht der Greifereinrichtung hervorgerufen wird, bewegt sich das Anschlagelement an der in das Gehäuse eingeschwenkten Sperrklinke vorbei und betätigt die Stellklinke, die die Sperrklinke wieder aus dem Gehäuse herausbewegt. In dieser Stellung hat das Anschlagelement die Sperrklinke passiert, so dass sich die Greifereinrichtung schließen und den Heuballen ergreifen kann.During the subsequent lifting and gripping of the hay bale between the gripper arms, which is caused by the weight of the same and by the weight of the gripper device, the stop element moves past the pawl pivoted into the housing and actuates the pawl which moves the pawl out of the housing , In this position, the stop element has passed the pawl so that the gripper device can close and grab the hay bale.
Beim darauffolgen Absetzen der Greifereinrichtung nach dem Verfahren zu einem vorgegebenen Ort und beim Öffnen der Greiferarme zur Freigabe des Heuballens wird das Anschlagelement an der Sperrklinke wieder in entgegengesetzter Richtung vorbeibewegt, wobei die Sperrklinke durch den unteren Anschlagbereich des Anschlagelements in das Gehäuse hineinbewegt wird. Nachdem der untere Anschlagbereich die Sperrklinke passiert hat, kann die Sperrklinke wieder aus dem Gehäuse heraustreten und in den Verriegelungsbereich zwischen dem unteren Anschlagbereich und den oberen Anschlagbereich eingreifen bzw. hervorstehen.When the gripper device is subsequently lowered to a predetermined location using the method and when the gripper arms are opened When the hay bale is released, the stop element is again moved past the pawl in the opposite direction, the pawl being moved into the housing through the lower stop region of the stop element. After the lower stop area has passed the pawl, the pawl can come out of the housing and engage or protrude into the locking area between the lower stop area and the upper stop area.
Im letzten Schritt des Zyklus der erfindungsgemäßen Schrittschaltwerkanordnung untergreift beim nachfolgenden Anheben Greifereinrichtung das Anschlagelement wieder die Sperrklinke und die beiden Verriegelungsfläche gelangen in Kontakt. Im Folgenden kann der Zyklus erneut beginnen. In dieser Stellung befindet sich die Greifereinrichtung wieder in der geöffneten Stellung und kann zum Ergreifen des nächsten Greifguts verfahren werden.In the last step of the cycle of the stepping mechanism arrangement according to the invention, when the gripper device is subsequently raised, the stop element again engages under the pawl and the two locking surfaces come into contact. The cycle can then begin again. In this position, the gripper device is again in the open position and can be moved to grip the next item to be gripped.
Weitere Merkmale und Aspekte der vorliegenden Erfindung werden durch die folgende Beschreibung und die beiliegenden Zeichnungen offensichtlich, in denen:
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Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer beispielhaft offenbarten Greifereinrichtung zeigt; -
Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Schrittschaltwerkanordnung zeigt, die an der Greifereinrichtung derFig. 1 anbringbar ist; -
Fig. 3A eine Seitenansicht der Greifereinrichtung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greiferarme der Greifereinrichtung in einer geöffneten Stellung gehalten werden; -
Fig. 3B eine Seitenansicht der Schrittschaltwerkanordnung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greiferarme der Greifereinrichtung in einer geöffneten Stellung gehalten werden; -
Fig. 4A eine Seitenansicht der Greifereinrichtung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung über einem Greifgut abgesetzt wird, wobei die Greiferarme geöffnet sind; -
Fig. 4B eine Seitenansicht der Schrittschaltwerkanordnung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung über einem Greifgut abgesetzt wird, wobei die Greiferarme geöffnet sind; -
Fig. 5A eine Seitenansicht der Greifereinrichtung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung durch Nachobenbewegen des Auslegerarmes einer Baumaschine angehoben wird, wobei die Greiferarme der Greifereinrichtung gespannt bzw. geschlossen sind; -
Fig. 5B eine Seitenansicht der Schrittschaltwerkanordnung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung durch Nachobenbewegen des Auslegerarmes einer Baumaschine angehoben wird, wobei die Greiferarme der Greifereinrichtung gespannt bzw. geschlossen sind; -
Fig. 6A eine Seitenansicht der Greifereinrichtung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung mit dem Greifgut abgesetzt wird und die Greiferarme geöffnet werden; -
Fig. 6B eine Seitenansicht der Schrittschaltwerkanordnung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung mit dem Greifgut abgesetzt wird und die Greiferarme geöffnet werden; -
Fig. 7A eine Seitenansicht der Greifereinrichtung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung nach dem Absetzen des Greifguts wieder angehoben wird und die Greiferarme geöffnet sind; -
Fig. 7B eine Seitenansicht der Schrittschaltwerkanordnung in einer Stellung zeigt, in der die Greifereinrichtung nach dem Absetzen des Greifguts wieder angehoben wird und die Greiferarme geöffnet sind; -
Fig. 8 eine Detailansicht der Schrittschaltwerkanordnung zeigt, die sich in der Stellung derFig. 3 befindet; und -
Fig. 9 eine Detailansicht einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Schrittschaltwerkanordnung zeigt, bei der sich die Sperrklinke in der Verriegelungsstellung befindet.
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Fig. 1 a perspective view of an exemplary disclosed gripper device; -
Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of an indexing device arrangement according to the invention, on the gripper device of theFig. 1 is attachable; -
Figure 3A a side view of the gripper device in a position in which the gripper arms of the gripper device are held in an open position; -
Figure 3B a side view of the indexing device arrangement in a position in which the gripper arms of the gripper device are held in an open position; -
Figure 4A a side view of the gripper device in a position in which the gripper device is placed over a material to be gripped, the gripper arms being open; -
Figure 4B a side view of the stepping mechanism arrangement in a position in which the gripper device is placed over a material to be gripped, the gripper arms being open; -
Figure 5A a side view of the gripper device in a position in which the gripper device is raised by moving the cantilever arm of a construction machine, the gripper arms of the gripper device being tensioned or closed; -
Figure 5B a side view of the indexing mechanism arrangement in a position in which the gripper device is raised by moving the cantilever arm of a construction machine upwards, the gripper arms of the gripper device being tensioned or closed; -
Figure 6A a side view of the gripper device in a position in which the gripper device is placed with the material to be gripped and the gripper arms are opened; -
Figure 6B a side view of the stepping mechanism arrangement in a position in which the gripper device is placed with the material to be gripped and the gripper arms are opened; -
Figure 7A shows a side view of the gripper device in a position in which the gripper device is raised again after setting down the material to be gripped and the gripper arms are open; -
Figure 7B a side view of the stepping mechanism arrangement in a position in which the gripper device is raised again after the goods to be set down and the gripper arms are open; -
Fig. 8 a detailed view of the stepping mechanism arrangement, which is in the position of theFig. 3 is; and -
Fig. 9 a detailed view of another stepping mechanism arrangement according to the invention, in which the pawl is in the locking position.
Die folgende Beschreibung ist eine detaillierte Beschreibung von beispielhaften Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung. Die beispielhaften Ausführungsformen, die hierin beschrieben und in den Zeichnungen dargestellt sind, sind dazu bedacht, die Prinzipien der vorliegenden Offenbarung zu lehren, es dem Fachmann zu ermöglichen, diese umzusetzen und die vorliegende Offenbarung in verschiedenen Umgebungen und für verschiedene Anwendungen zu verwenden. Deshalb sind die beispielhaften Ausführungsformen nicht dazu bedacht, und sollten auch nicht dazu angesehen werden, eine beschränkende Beschreibung des Schutzbereichs zu sein. Vielmehr wird der Schutzbereich der vorliegenden Offenbarung durch die beigefügten Ansprüche definiert.The following description is a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments described herein and illustrated in the drawings are intended to teach the principles of the present disclosure, to enable those skilled in the art to implement them, and to use the present disclosure in different environments and for different applications. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments are not intended to be, and should not be considered to be, a limiting description of the scope. Rather, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
Die
Die Greifereinrichtung 10 besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem ersten Greiferarm 20 und einem zweiten Greiferarm 30. Der erste Greiferarm 20 weist zwei voneinander in Querrichtung beabstandete und über Querteile 21a, 21b miteinander verbundene Greiferarmelemente 22, 24 auf. Jedes Greiferarmelement 22, 24 umfasst im Wesentlichen einen ersten Teilbereich 23 bzw. 25 und einen zweiten Teilbereich 26 bzw. 28, die vorzugsweise unter einem ungefähr rechten Winkel zueinander verlaufen und an ihrem jeweiligen Übergang abgerundet sind. Am unteren freien Endbereich der ersten Teilbereiche 23, 25 ist eine in Querrichtung verlaufende und die ersten Teilbereiche 23, 25 verbindende Greifbacke 29 angeordnet.The
Der in der entsprechenden Weise ausgebildete Greiferarm 30 weist die in Querrichtung voneinander beabstandete Greiferarmeleemente 32 und 34, die Querteile 31a, 31b sowie die Greifbacke 39 auf. Das Greiferarmelement 32 umfasst die vorzugsweise unter einem ungefähr rechten Winkel zueinander verlaufende Teilbereiche 33 und 36 und das Greiferarmelement 34 weist die ebenfalls vorzugsweise unter einem ungefähr rechten Winkel zueinander verlaufende Teilbereiche 35 und 38 auf. Die Greifbacke 39 ist dabei an den unteren freien Enden der Teilbereiche 33 und 35 in Querrichtung verlaufend angebracht. Die Teilbereiche 26 und 28 der Greiferarmelemente 22 und 24 sowie die Teilbereiche 36 und 38 der Greiferarmelemente 32 und 34 sind um eine in Querrichtung verlaufende Drehachse 40 miteinander verschwenkbar verbunden. Die Drehachse 40 befindet sich etwa in der Mitte der Teilbereiche 26, 28, 36, 38. Auf diese Weise können die Greiferarme 20 und 30 gegeneinander verschwenkt werden.The
An den freien Enden der Teilbereiche 26 und 28 sind um Drehpunkte 41 bzw. 42 verschwenkbare Verbindungsstäbe 43 bzw. 44 angeordnet, deren freie Endbereiche in Drehpunkten 46 bzw. 47 verschwenkbar mit einem Querteil 45 verbunden sind. In der entsprechenden Weise sind die freien Endbereiche der Teilbereiche 36 und 38 der Greiferarmelemente 32 und 34 um Drehpunkte 51 bzw. 52 mit Verbindungsstäben 53 bzw. 54 verbunden, deren freie Endbereiche in den Drehpunkten 46 bzw. 47 verschwenkbar mit dem Querteil 45 verbunden sind.At the free ends of the
Die Greiferarme 20, 30 sind demnach in der Form von scherenartigen Gelenken vorgesehen, die miteinander bewegbar am Drehpunkt 40 verbunden sind.The
An dem Querteil 45 ist mittig eine Verbindungsvorrichtung 50 angebracht, mit der die Greifereinrichtung 10 beispielsweise an einem Auslegerarm einer nicht dargestellten Baumaschine lösbar verbunden werden kann. Durch die Eigenlast der am Auslegerarm hängenden Greifereinrichtung 10 werden die Greiferarme 20, 30 in Richtung auf die geschlossene Stellung bewegt.A connecting
Die Verbindungsstäbe 43, 44 sind durch ein Querteil 48 miteinander verbunden, während die Verbindungsstäbe 53, 54 durch ein Querteil 58 miteinander verbunden sind. Ferner sind die Teilbereiche 26, 28 durch ein Querteil 49 miteinander verbunden.The connecting
Zwischen dem Querteil 49, das die Teilbereiche 26 und 28 der Greiferarmelemente 22 bzw. 24 miteinander verbindet, und dem Querteil 48, das die Verbindungsstäbe 43 und 44 miteinander verbindet, ist eine erfindungsgemäße Schrittschaltwerkanordnung 100 angeordnet, die nachfolgend im Zusammenhang mit der
Die Schrittschaltwerkanordnung 100 weist in der eingangs bereits erläuterten Weise ein am ersten Greiferarm 20, insbesondere am Querteil 48, der Greifereinrichtung 100 angeordnetes Anschlagelement 110 auf. Vorzugsweise ist das Anschlagelement 110 etwa C-förmig ausgestaltet und weist einen unteren Anschlagbereich 112 und einen vom unteren Anschlagbereich 112 beabstandeten oberen Anschlagbereich 114 auf, die mittels eines Verbindungsbereichs 116 miteinander verbunden sind. Zwischen dem unteren Anschlagbereich 112 und dem oberen Anschlagbereich 114 ist ein Verriegelungsbereich 115 angeordnet. Der untere Anschlagbereich 112 und der obere Anschlagbereich 114 sind im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet, wobei der Verbindungsbereich 116 und ein Versteifungsbereich 118, der zwischen dem unteren Anschlagbereich 112, oberen Anschlagbereich 114 und Verbindungsbereich 116 verbunden ist, im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichtet sind.The
An dem Querteil 49 ist ein Gehäuse 120 anbringbar, vorzugsweise anschweißbar, an dessen einen Seite das Anschlagelement 110 entlang gleitet, wenn die Greifereinrichtung 10 in den Bereich seiner Öffnungsposition gelangt. Insbesondere ist das Anschlagelement 110 entlang einer vorbestimmten Bewegungsbahn B relativ zum Gehäuse 120 beweglich. Die Bewegungsbahn B des Anschlagelements 110 ist Teil eines Kreises um die Drehpunkte 41, 42 (siehe
An dem Gehäuse 120 sind in der bereits eingangs erläuterten Weise eine Sperrklinke 122 und eine Stellklinke 124 angeordnet, deren Funktion im Einzelnen im Zusammenhang mit den schematischen Darstellungen der
Gemäß der
Jedes der beiden Sperrklinkenelemente 122a, 122b weist ein erstes Langloch 121a, 121b (in der
Die plattenartige Stellklinke 124 ist zwischen den beabstandeten Sperrklinkenelementen 122a, 122b frei bewegbar angeordnet und weist ein zweites Langloch 127 (siehe
Die Sperrklinkenelemente 122a, 122b und die Stellklinke 124 sind durch einen Verbindungsstift 128 derart miteinander verbunden, dass die beiden Sperrklinkenelemente 122a, 122b und die Stellklinke 124 jeweils um den Verbindungsstift 128 drehbeweglich sind. Durch die Lagerstifte 126, 129 und den Verbindungsstift 128 sind die Sperrklinke 122 und die Stellklinke 124 miteinander mechanisch gekoppelt.The
Wie ferner in der
Die
In der
Wenn die Greifereinrichtung 10 gemäß
Die Sperrklinke 122 ist in dieser Stellung derart auf dem Lagerstift 126 gelagert, dass diese aus der vom Gehäuse 120 vorstehenden Verriegelungsstellung ohne der Verriegelung mit dem Anschlagelement 110 dazu tendiert, in das Gehäuse 120 zu schwenken. Dies wird durch die Beweglichkeit der Sperrklinke 122 relativ zum Lagerstift 126 durch das Langloch 121 bewerkstelligt. Gemäß der
Beim Anheben des Auslegerarms und der Greifereinrichtung 10 bewegt sich gemäß der
Zur Freigabe des Greifguts 90 wird gemäß
Wenn sich also der untere Anschlagbereich 112 nach unten an der Sperrklinke 122 vorbei bewegt hat, schwenkt diese aus dem Gehäuse 120 automatisch heraus (siehe
Beim anschließenden Anheben berührt der untere Anschlagbereich 112 die Sperrklinke 122 von unten und verriegelt, wobei sich die Sperrklinke 122 dabei durch das Langloch 121 etwas nach oben bewegt und dann die Stellklinke 124 wieder aus dem Gehäuse 120 nach vorne herausbewegt wird. Der Zustand der
Die
Da die Verriegelungsfläche 123 der Sperrklinke 122 und die Verriegelungsfläche 113 des unteren Anschlagbereichs 112 in dem gezeigten Beispiel jeweils eben sind, können die beiden Verriegelungsflächen 113, 123 in Flächenkontakt gelangen. Die Eingriffslänge E zwischen der Verriegelungsfläche 113 und der Verriegelungsfläche 123 hängt unmittelbar mit der notwendigen Hubhöhe H und dem Winkel α zusammen. Die notwendige Hubhöhe H beschreibt diejenige Höhe, um die das Anschlagelement 110 relativ zur Sperrklinke 122 nach unten bewegt werden muss, damit sich die Sperrklinke 122 aus der Verriegelungsstellung (siehe
Die Eingriffslänge E liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von ungefähr 10 mm bis ungefähr 150 mm, insbesondere zwischen ungefähr 30 mm und ungefähr 80 mm. Die notwendige Hubhöhe H liegt bevorzugt im Bereich von ungefähr 5 mm bis ungefähr 50 mm, insbesondere zwischen ungefähr 10 mm und 30 mm.The engagement length E is preferably in the range from approximately 10 mm to approximately 150 mm, in particular between approximately 30 mm and approximately 80 mm. The necessary lifting height H is preferably in the range of about 5 mm to about 50 mm, especially between about 10 mm and 30 mm.
Gemäß der
Obwohl die bevorzugten Ausführungsformen dieser Erfindung hierin beschrieben worden sind, können Verbesserungen und Modifikationen hierin eingearbeitet sein, ohne vom Schutzbereich der folgenden Ansprüche abzuweichen.Although the preferred embodiments of this invention have been described herein, improvements and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the following claims.
Claims (15)
- A step switch mechanism assembly (100) for controlling the opening and closing movements of a gripper device (10), which is detachably mounted to a construction machine and can be opened and closed for gripping an object (90) to be gripped, the step switch mechanism assembly (100) comprising:- a locking latch (122) mountable to the gripper device (10) and comprising a first locking surface (123), said locking latch being movable between a release position, in which the gripper device (10) can perform a closing movement, and a locked position, in which the gripper device (10) can be held in the opened position, and- a stopper element (112) mountable to the gripper device (10) and comprising a second locking surface (113), said stopper element being adapted to move along a predetermined movement path (B) relative to the locking latch (122) when the gripper device (10) performs opening and closing movements, and adapted to hold the locking latch (122) in the locked position by establishing contact of the second locking surface (113) with the first locking surface (123), if the gripper device (10) is to be held in the opened position,characterized in that
the second locking surface (113) is tilted by an angle (α) relative to the predetermined movement path (B), which angle is within a range of approximately 0° to approximately 85°. - The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to claim 1, wherein the second locking surface (113) of the stopper element (110) is tilted such that said surface ascends in direction toward the locking latch (122), thus preventing the locking latch (122) from moving from the locked position to the release position due to swaying of the hanging down and opened gripper device (10).
- The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a housing (120) mountable to the gripper device (10), which housing accommodates the locking latch (122), which, when lifting the gripper device (10), is movable to the area of the stopper element (110), such that the first locking surface (113) contacts the second locking surface (123) and the gripper arms (20, 30) are held in the open state.
- The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to claim 3, further comprising an adjusting latch (124), which is arranged in the housing (120), mechanically coupled to the locking latch (122), and adapted to move the locking latch (122) between the locked position and the release position.
- The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to claim 4, wherein the adjusting latch (124) is further adapted to be moved to protrude from the housing (120) and to be moved into the housing (120) by the stopper element (110).
- The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stopper element (110) is substantially C-shaped and comprises a lower stopper portion (112), an upper stopper portion (114) spaced from the lower stopper portion (112), and a connecting portion (116) connecting the lower stopper portion (112) and the upper stopper portion (114).
- The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to claim 6, wherein
the lower stopper portion (112) is substantially plate-shaped and extends in a substantially horizontal direction, and
the upper stopper portion (114) is substantially plate-shaped and extends in a substantially horizontal direction. - The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the stopper element (110) is provided with a locking zone (115) between the lower stopper portion (112) and the upper stopper portion (114), into which locking zone the locking latch (124) can protrude in the locked position.
- The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first locking surface (113) and/or the second locking surface (123) is/are plane.
- The step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a manual locking device (130) provided with a locking hole (132) and a locking pin (134), which can be inserted into the locking hole (132) and is configured to hold the locking latch (122) in the locked position, independent of the position of the stopper element (110).
- A gripper device (10) for gripping an object (90) to be gripped, comprising:a first gripper arm (20),a second gripper arm (30) movably arranged relative to the first gripper arm (20), wherein the first gripper arm (20) and the second gripper arm (30) are movably relative to each other between a closed position and an opened position, for gripping the object (90) to be gripped, anda step switch mechanism assembly (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the step switch mechanism assembly (100) is adapted to control the opening and closing movements of the first gripper arm (20) and the second gripper arm (30).
- The gripper device (10) according to claim 11, wherein the first gripper arm (20) and the second gripper arm (30) form a scissor-type gripper, the gripper arms (20, 30) being pivotable relative to each other about a first pivot point (40) for opening and closing, and wherein portions of the gripper arms (20, 30), which portions respectively protrude from the first pivot point (40) toward the side of a connecting device (50), which is adapted to detachably connect the gripper device (10) with a construction machine or crane, are pivotably connected via connecting rods (43, 44, 53, 45) at second pivot points (41, 42, 51, 52), wherein the ends of the connecting rods, which ends are facing away from the second pivot points (41, 42, 51, 52), are pivotable relative to each other and relative to the connecting device (50) about a third pivot point (46, 47).
- The gripper device (10) according to claim 12, wherein a housing (120), which accommodates the adjusting latch (120), is mounted on the side opposite to the connecting device (50) with regard to the second pivot points (41, 42, 51, 52), and wherein the stopper element (110) is arranged on the side of the connecting device (50) with regard to the second pivot points (41, 42, 51, 52).
- The gripper device (10) according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the stopper element (110) is arranged at a first location of the gripper device (10) and the locking latch (122) is arranged at a second location of the gripper device (10), the first location and the second location being movable relative to each other when opening and closing the gripper arms (20, 30).
- The gripper device (10) according to claim 14, wherein the first location and the second location are both arranged at the first gripper arm (20) or the second gripper arm.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP15188012.7A EP3150543B1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2015-10-01 | Step switch mechanism assembly for gripper devices and gripper device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP15188012.7A EP3150543B1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2015-10-01 | Step switch mechanism assembly for gripper devices and gripper device |
Publications (2)
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EP3150543A1 EP3150543A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
EP3150543B1 true EP3150543B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
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CN112497246A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-16 | 中交一公局西北工程有限公司 | Prefab paving clamping device |
CN118183465B (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-08-16 | 济南华云精密机械有限公司 | Marble work piece lifting device |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1255888B (en) * | 1965-03-19 | 1967-12-07 | Karl Rekers Dipl Ing | Device for locking and unlocking load lifting equipment |
US3768853A (en) * | 1967-03-31 | 1973-10-30 | Skagit Corp | Single line log grapple |
CH605389A5 (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1978-09-29 | Kueng Hans | |
JP2824641B1 (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-11-11 | 野津運送株式会社 | Equipment for holding and lifting loads |
DE102007057373B4 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2009-12-03 | Probst Greiftechnik Verlegesysteme Gmbh | Gripper device with a stepper, in particular scissor gripper |
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2015
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