EP3115520A2 - Method for subsequent securing of inadequately anchored face walls of a cavity wall - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for the subsequent anchoring of two wall shells (12, 13) of a two-shell wall construction (1) of an existing building (100) and wall construction (1). The method serves to secure insufficiently anchored or endangered facing shells (3), one wall shell (13) serving as outer shell (3) and the other wall shell (12) as inner shell (2) and wherein between the two wall shells a cavity (5) is trained. The two wall shells are connected to each other via a plurality of anchors (66). A plurality of horizontally and vertically spaced filler openings (14) are introduced into one of the wall shells (12, 13). In the provided with the anchors (66) cavity (4) between the existing outer shell (3) and the existing inner shell (2) by these filling openings (14) in several Fülletappen (46-48) one after the outer shell (3) and the inner shell (2) permanently interconnected plastic material (10) introduced. An eibettung of the armature (66) in the plastic material (10) is effected and achieves a static secondary anchoring of the outer shell (3) on the inner shell (2).

Description

The present invention relates to a method for subsequent anchoring of two wall shells of an at least two-shell wall construction of an existing building and in particular for securing insufficiently anchored or endangered facing shells, as well as a two- or multi-shell masonry. In particular, the method is provided for anchoring a facing brick in existing buildings. Through the process, facing masonry shells can be statically secured, so that, for example, due to the effects of the weather, endangered and pre-walled wall shells made, for example, of bricks or other materials, can be sufficiently statically secured.

In the prior art, various methods and systems have become known in order to subsequently secure a pre-walled facing brick in such two-shell masonry. For example, a subsequent backup is useful or necessary if the mortar has been partially dissolved in the outer facing wall by weather or the constituents serving for consolidation (masonry mortar) were washed out by driving rain or other external influences, for example, from the original mortar to a high Share only sand remains in the joints between the individual bricks. Subsequent securing is also useful or necessary if the originally installed wire anchors (air-layer anchors or anchors) pose doubts about the stability of the construction due to age-related corrosion or release from the anchorage.

In such walls or facades, the stability is no longer guaranteed permanently. This can lead to considerable material or health damage.

From the US 4,633,638 has become known a method for the subsequent securing of a clam shell wall construction, in which the original wall anchors are replaced. The US 4,633,638 describes wall constructions from the 1920s and 1930s in which enamel coated wall anchors were used in unalloyed structural steel, and where the wall anchors can corrode and expand due to ingress of water from the outside, so that the masonry is raised in places, horizontal cracks occur and openings in the Can tear up joint intersections. As a result, visible damage to the exterior facade may occur and the wall may be at risk of collapse.

The US 4,633,638 describes as a known solution to this problem a method in which the original wall anchors are searched and there the mortar is removed from the outer wall shell using a hammer and chisel. Following this, the original wall anchors can be removed in this process. Holes are drilled in the inner and outer wall shells, and expanding tie rods are inserted, which are held in the wall shells mechanically or by frictional forces. The US 4,633,638 considers it to be disadvantageous that damage may occur to the inner wall (for example, stucco) due to hammer work. In addition, the replacement of the anchors creates unsightly marks on the outer wall. Another disadvantage is the high cost of the expanding tie rods, which are also not very safe because they are held only by frictional forces.

The US 4,633,638 describes as a further known solution possibility the use of a Uretahnschaumbindungsmaterials, which is bound to the inner wall shell and the outer wall shell and which holds them together. As a result, according to the US 4,633,638 prevents bulging of the wall shells, but the corrosion and blooming of the original wall anchors is not avoided, which can cause severe structural damage to the building and the outer wall shell can break.

Furthermore, the describes US 4,633,638 a method in which holes are drilled in the inner and outer wall shells and wherein a tube is inserted into each hole, at one end of which a capsule containing the components of an epoxy material is contained. The capsule is penetrated by a threaded end and the threaded rod is held in the solidifying epoxy material. The US 4,633,638 confirms that the masonry renovated with this is considerably more stable, but considers it disadvantageous that the boreholes remain visible after the renovation.

As another and particularly complicated process mentions the US 4,633,638 the removal of the outer wall shell, the subsequent removal of the original wall anchor and setting new wall anchor and finally the reconstruction of the outer wall shell.

The US 4,633,638 the task is to remove the original wall anchors from the cavity to stabilize the wall construction. The US 4,633,638 solves this problem in that the original wall anchors are located, followed by a wall element such as a block next to an original wall anchor from the outer facade is removed and then removed by the resulting opening of the original wall anchor and a new wall anchor is used. Subsequently, the removed block is re-inserted into the outer facade and surrounded by a suitable bonding material such as mortar. This method works and allows reliable stabilization of a bivalve wall construction. The disadvantage, however, is the high cost of each wall anchor. Another disadvantage is that on the outer facade stones are taken in any case and / or holes must be introduced so that the outer facade does not remain unchanged.

In today's practice mostly anchor systems are used for the subsequent protection of such endangered facing shells in which, for example, in the joint of the facing wall holes are introduced, which are up in the extend into the second inner wall shell. Subsequently, a dowel is used and it is an injection anchor and / or crack formation also introduced a spiral anchor to secure the facing brick static on the other wall shell. Before installing the anchor, the masonry joint is regularly cleared and after setting the anchor, the joint network is renewed, so that the facing wall is kept stable.

After the renovation, a stable double-shell masonry is available. A disadvantage of this known method is the high financial and material costs for remediation, since a large number of boreholes must be introduced, in each of which an anchoring element is inserted and anchored there with both masonries. In addition, the work is very invasive, take a long time and represent a significant noise pollution for residents and residents. The complete renewal of the joint network is also very expensive.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for the subsequent securing of a facing brick of a clam shell masonry available, with a lower cost, a reliable backup of a facing brick is achieved.

This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and by the use claim having the features of claim 14. The two- or multi-layer masonry is the subject of claim 15. Preferred developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. Further advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the general description and the description of the embodiment.

The inventive method is used for the subsequent anchoring of two wall shells of an at least two-shell wall construction of an existing building and in particular for securing insufficiently anchored or endangered front wall shells. Here, a wall shell is the outer shell and the other wall shell is the inner shell or serves as inner shell. Between the two wall shells, a cavity is formed. The two wall shells are at least partially interconnected via a plurality of (previously or originally used) anchors. In this case, individual, many or even all (original) anchors may have lost their hold in one or both wall shells. The or individual (original) anchor can be replaced by z. B. aging and / or by weather conditions or other influences have lost their hold (partially or completely) and / or (completely or partially) rusted or brittle or the like. Due to such influences, the connection of the two wall shells has decreased, so that the front wall shell is endangered or can become. It is a plurality of horizontally and vertically spaced apart filling openings introduced into at least one of the wall shells. In the provided with the (original) anchors cavity between the existing outer shell and the existing inner shell is introduced through these filling openings in several Fülletappen successively and / or with multiple filling layers according to the inventive method, the outer shell and the inner shell permanently interconnecting plastic material to a to achieve static secondary anchoring of the outer shell to the inner shell. In particular, the plastic material also embeds the anchors in the plastic material. This is considerably supported and ensured by the gradual filling.

The two- or multi-shell wall construction according to the invention has at least two wall shells, wherein one wall shell serves as an outer shell and the other wall shell as an inner shell and wherein between the two wall shells, a cavity is formed and wherein the two wall shells over a plurality of (original) anchors at least to Part or partially interconnected. At least one of the wall shells is provided with a plurality of mutually horizontally and / or vertically spaced and reclosed filling openings, through which in the anchored with the anchors cavity between the existing outer shell and the existing inner shell a the outer shell and the inner shell permanently interconnecting plastic material is introduced in stages or layers to achieve a static secondary anchoring of the outer shell to the inner shell. In particular, the two-walled or multi-walled wall construction according to the invention is produced or completed by applying the method according to the invention to an existing two-walled or multi-walled wall construction. The method according to the invention has many advantages. A significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that in the cavity between the outer shell and the inner shell at least one plastic material is introduced in stages, which connects the two wall shells together. It is not necessary to provide elaborate dowel designs and to secure the outer wall shell to the inner wall shell. The introduced plastic material is sufficient without additional mechanical fasteners to firmly and permanently anchor the outer shell to the inner shell. In particular, it is also not necessary to remove the original or previously used anchors from the wall construction in a complicated manner. Existing anchors are reliably embedded in the plastic material. This reliably prevents any aging process or further rusting or blooming, so that possible damage to the façade is largely prevented as a result. Anchors contained in the cavity are reliably closed by air, thereby avoiding permanent further rusting of the anchors. It has surprisingly been found that a high stability is achieved by the successive stage or layer-by-layer filling of plastic material in the cavity. It is ensured by the relatively slow filling process, that even the smallest opening is filled with the plastic material, so that a maximum hold is achieved. In addition, only a very low pressure is built up by working in layers. The pressure is anyway so small that the bivalve wall construction is not damaged.

In particular, the plastic material glued over the entire surface with the Inner shell and with the outer shell. This means that the plastic material fully adheres to the inner shell and also adheres to the entire surface of the outer shell. As a result, a firm connection is achieved by the outer shell with the inner shell. In particular, the inner shell is the inner wall and the outer shell is the outer wall.

The plastic material preferably surrounds existing anchors at least substantially and at least within the cavity (as a rule) completely. But the plastic material also enters into any joints in the two wall shells, especially at the exit points of the originally used anchor, if there are cracks or leaching or other cavities that are accessible to the plastic material. This protects existing anchors from further weathering. A bursting of grout by further rusting does not occur regularly. Also other accessible from the cavity cracks, gaps or cavities are preferably filled as far as possible or completely with the plastic material. This is also supported and guaranteed by the gradual or layered filling.

For the purposes of the present application, the term "full area" is understood to mean a substantially full-area adhesion. This means that at least 60% and in particular at least 75% of the wall surface are completely bonded to the plastic material. Particularly preferably, at least 90% or even 95% of the wall surface is connected to the plastic material. Due to the large adhesive surface, a high strength of the connection is achieved, so that a more than sufficient strength of the connection between the outer shell and the inner shell is achieved. Even after a large number of temperature changes and / or frost effects, the achieved strength suffices to secure the outer wall or facing wall shell to the inner wall.

In a first filling step, plastic material is preferably introduced through filling openings on essentially a first filling step Height level and at a later Fülletappe (eg., The second Fülletappe) plastic material introduced through filling openings at substantially a second height level in the cavity. The later filling step can be the directly following or directly following filling step. However, the later fill step can also be the second or third fill step or a fill step afterwards. It is essential that the filling process takes place at a location substantially from bottom to top. Slow filling from the bottom up ensures reliable filling and reliable connection of the wall shells.

In at least one filling step, plastic material is preferably introduced into the cavity through a plurality of horizontally spaced-apart filling openings. The plastic material can be introduced through a plurality of filling openings simultaneously or successively. In particular, the plastic material is filled in a plurality of adjacently arranged filling openings immediately after one another or at the same time into a plurality of adjacently arranged filling openings.

It is also possible that at least two immediately successive Fülletappen plastic material is introduced through filling openings at substantially the same height level in the cavity, for example, if z. B. is started at different corners of a building or ends of the wall construction simultaneously with the filling process.

Preferably, the anchors are embedded as far as possible (and even completely) in the plastic material.

In preferred developments, the plastic is at least substantially formed by a plastic foam whose starting materials are supplied to the cavity. Such a method is particularly advantageous because the plastic material is formed by a plastic foam, which is formed in the cavity. As a result, the required starting materials can be supplied to the cavity in a simple manner. A chemical Reaction between the individual starting materials leads to foaming, so that the material foams up and rises in the cavity and so fully bonded to the adjacent walls of the clam shell wall construction.

In all embodiments, it is particularly preferred that the plastic foam is at least partially and in particular almost completely or completely formed by at least one polyurethane. Particularly preferably, the plastic foam is formed by polyurethane with a substantially closed cell structure or consists thereof. Such a plastic foam with a closed cell structure offers, inter alia, the advantage that the plastic foam is substantially waterproof, so that a moisture transmission in the form of water is at least substantially excluded.

Particular preference is given to using fluids as starting materials. At least one polyol and at least one di- or polyisocyanate are particularly preferably used. Pentafluorobutane (R365mfc or 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane) and / or heptafluorobutane (R227ea or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) is particularly preferably simultaneously introduced into the cavity as blowing agent. It is possible that the propellant or the blowing agent is already present in the fluids, which are mixed for example in a mixing chamber and then introduced into the cavity. But it is also possible that the blowing agent or the blowing agent are introduced separately into the cavity or into the mixing chamber. In any case, at least one polyol and at least one di- or polyisocyanate and at least one blowing agent are introduced into the cavity. The mixture reacts in the cavity and foams out to the plastic foam. During foaming, the plastic foam rises and completely fills the cavity between the outer shell and the inner shell.

In the cavity, the essential starting materials of the plastic foam are preferably introduced in liquid form.

The starting materials react with each other. Polyurethane is formed in the polyaddition between at least one polyol, ie an alcohol compound having a plurality of hydroxyl groups per molecule and at least one di- or polyisocyanate. The polyaddition reaction is exothermic and releases heat. The polyaddition reaction can be selectively influenced with various polyol or isocyanate components and also by the addition of blowing agents or other additives.

More preferably, after curing, the plastic foam shrinks by less than 3 percent by volume, and more preferably by less than 1 percent by volume, and preferably by 0.5 percent or less. This ensures that a full-surface bonding with the inner shell and the outer shell is maintained. In the method according to the invention, the very low shrinkage of the plastic foam during and after curing means that a complete and permanent connection of the inner wall to the outer wall can be ensured.

The incorporation of fluid components and subsequent foaming has considerable advantages, since a step by step filling a particularly reliable and complete filling is achieved. As the plastic foam rises, the viscosity increases. With a step-by-step filling, a sufficiently low viscosity can be ensured at each fill step to fill even the smallest and smallest cracks and gaps.

Before introducing the plastic material or its constituents, a plurality of filling openings (in particular in the form of bores) are introduced or drilled through at least one wall shell of the wall construction. Through the plurality of filling openings, the starting materials for the plastic foam can be introduced. The distances of the filling openings in the horizontal and / or vertical direction are variable and depend on the circumstances. In particular, the vertical and horizontal distances also depend on the width or the depth of the cavity. So is regularly at a smaller width of the cavity (distance of the inner wall of the Outside wall) introduced a larger number of filling openings than at a larger width of the cavity.

Preferably, the filling openings are introduced in particular horizontally in the foot of the cross-joint in the wall shell of the wall construction, but may also be arranged (slightly) inclined. Preferably, after the introduction of the filling openings, these are first closed with closure elements. Particularly preferably, the closure elements have a conical portion which is introduced into the filling opening in order to allow a tight closure of the filling opening. Particularly preferably, after the introduction of a filling opening, the corresponding filling opening is closed directly with a closing element. This ensures that at the beginning of the foaming or introduction of the starting materials all filling holes or access holes are closed, so that the fluids introduced into the cavity do not accidentally run out of a filling opening.

After filling of the plastic material at a filling opening, this filling opening is particularly preferably closed again with the closure element. This ensures that after foaming or introduction of the starting materials, the currently used filling opening is closed again, so that the introduced into the cavity fluids or the rising thereafter plastic foam does not accidentally runs out of a filling or squirts out. A used filling opening is filled reliably at least during the filling operations by the rising plastic foam. After curing and removal of the conical sealing plug, the cylindrical or frusto-conical space left by the closure plug can be filled with a suitable material to restore the appearance of the external facade or the internal facade.

If the filler opening has been placed in a groove in the inner shell or in the outer shell and the grout material still was completely obtained, usually results in a cylindrical filling opening or a cylindrical tube section through one of the wall shells. This extending through the corresponding wall shell extending cylindrical tubular section is completely filled with plastic foam after full filling, which also contributes to stability. A likewise cylindrical tube section results regularly when the filling opening is drilled through solid material. When filling largely accessible from the cavity cracks, gaps and other cavities in both wall shells are filled with the plastic foam. This contributes significantly to the stability of each wall shell and the entire wall construction.

Particularly preferably, collecting containers are arranged or fastened at least partially below the filling openings on an outer side of the wall shell provided with filling openings. Such a collecting container serves to catch any material emerging from the filling opening, so that contamination of the outside of the facade or the inner wall is reliably prevented. In this case, the collecting container can be arranged only below or completely below the filling opening. But it is also possible that the collecting container is attached with a wall on the outer facade (inner wall) and extends this wall to above the borehole. At the hole, the corresponding wall of the collecting container can be provided with a passage hole, so that there for filling a nozzle can be inserted there and any leaking material through the opening and can be absorbed in the receptacle.

The filling openings can be introduced from the inside and / or from the outside. This means that the filling openings can extend through the inner wall from the inside of the inner wall into the cavity. It is also possible and preferred for the filling openings to extend from the outer side of the outer wall through the outer wall into the cavity extend. It is also possible and preferred for part of the filling openings to extend through the outer wall or outer shell and part of the filling openings through the inner wall or inner shell into the cavity. The latter applies z. For example, if the circumstances make it sensible and on a certain side of the structure only one access from the inside is possible or if a façade side should not be changed at all.

For listed buildings or equipped with a lavish exterior facade building an insertion of the filling openings of the inner wall is better suited, at least if the outer facade is not to be changed or if a renovation of the building from the inside is also pending. For buildings in which the interior is to remain unchanged, an introduction from the outside is more advantageous.

The collecting container may in particular be designed as a collecting funnel and, for example, have a semicircular shape. Collecting containers can be formed in simple cases as a bag, which can optionally be used multiple times.

Particularly preferred are before the introduction of the plastic material, the cavity bounding walls of the outer shell and / or the inner shell by blowing or washing or the like freed from dust. These hoses can be introduced through the filling openings in the outer shell, which are acted upon with compressed air or water to rid the surfaces of the cavity bounding walls of the outer shell and the inner shell of adhering dust, dirt, etc. As a result, the adhesive effect of the plastic foam is reinforced, so that a sufficiently secure attachment of the two walls can be done together. In simple and effective embodiments, the cavity is blown out with compressed air.

In all embodiments, a width of the cavity is determined prior to introduction of the plastic material. The Width of the cavity is determined in particular via a boroscope, but can also be determined or measured by other methods.

Particularly preferably, before the introduction of the plastic material, mist or smoke or the like is blown into the cavity and / or leaks in the wall construction are determined. Mist or other visible gases blown into the cavity typically leak out through existing leaks and can thus be optically detected. Following this, leaks are preferably sealed before the introduction of the plastic material. Breakthroughs on windows and / or doors are preferably sealed before introducing the plastic material. Such leaks can also occur in masonry, especially in wall constructions of buildings that are several decades old and may be listed. Or even in wall constructions that are exposed to a great extent to the weather, such as buildings on the sea.

In preferred developments, before the introduction of the plastic material on the sole of the wall construction, stones are removed or at least one stone is removed and debris is removed from the cavity through the resulting opening. Preferably, the resulting opening is closed again. Particularly preferably, the removed stones are used again in the resulting opening and any joints are grouted again, so that the resulting opening is completely closed again. By removing debris, it can be ensured that the two-shell wall construction sufficiently adheres to each other over its full height.

In the past, trash on construction sites was occasionally simply thrown into the cavity between the inner and outer masonry walls. This has already led to foreign bodies in the cavity during construction. In addition, in the cavity of a bivalve masonry also also debris passes through leaching of the joints. The binder loss, so essentially z. Sand from the fugue is z. B. washed out in heavy rainfall in the cavity. In many (older or old) buildings, debris in the cavity is also present through previous renovations. Frequently in the past decades, stones were replaced and / or post-anchoring were carried out, etc. This causes each time masonry mortar, or when drilling dust into the cavity, which remains as a debris.

The plastic material is filled in stages or in layers. In this case, a filling step preferably takes between about 1 minute and 5 minutes and in particular between about 2 minutes and 4 minutes. A Fülletappe consists of filling the starting materials for the plastic material in the cavity, a reaction time of the starting materials, a rise time of the resulting plastic foam and a curing time. In the cavity, the starting materials form a reaction mixture which reacts and in particular rises as a plastic foam.

Preferably, in a filling stage, a layer height between about 30 and 100 cm and in particular between about 40 and 70 cm is generated. For this purpose, an amount of starting materials is introduced so that rises after the reaction of the resulting plastic foam in the desired height.

By layer heights of about 50 to 60 cm, a sufficiently fast mode of operation can be ensured, while on the other hand, the pressures resulting from the foaming remain so low that no deformation of the outer wall is to be feared.

In all embodiments, it is particularly preferred that at least one filling step is adjusted in height so that a known passage or leakage is not possible in the region of the filling height of the fluid starting materials, but in the area above and in particular in the range of rise height ( especially as far as possible above) the filling height.

In all embodiments and developments, it is particularly preferred that successful static securing the facade or of the double-shell masonry after anchoring. Such a check is preferably carried out with a thermal imaging camera. The thermal conductivity of the plastic foam and in particular of a polyurethane foam is so low that areas in which, contrary to expectations, no or only insufficient filling has taken place can be located immediately by thermal imaging technology. In general, a review of the wall construction after filling with a thermal imaging device such as a thermal imaging camera is preferred. It is also conceivable that accidentally unintentional areas were not or only insufficiently filled. Especially with (relatively) low outside temperatures, a reliable assessment of the securing of the wall construction can be carried out with a thermal imaging device. Optionally, a local Nachverschäumung be made. Such a simple verification method offers no other backup variant.

In all embodiments, it is therefore preferable, after at least one Fülletappe and in particular after the completion of the last Fülletappe perform a review of the static assurance by receiving at least one thermal image of the outer shell and / or the inner shell with a thermal imaging device and in particular at least one area with an incomplete backfilling to detect.

Preferably, a re-filling takes place in at least one area, at which an insufficient backfilling has been determined.

Overall, the inventive method allows cost-effective securing a facing brick from, for example, bricks on an inner wall, wherein the outer wall is connected to the inner wall via a plastic material. In this case, the plastic material adhered to the entire surface of the outer shell and also the entire surface with the inner shell, so that a anchorless attachment of the facing wall to the inner shell is made possible.

In the use according to the invention of the fluids Polyol and di- or polyisocyanate used as starting materials for the subsequent anchoring of two wall shells of an at least two-shell wall construction of an existing building. In particular, an insufficiently anchored or endangered or risk of collapse of the facing wall is secured to the inner shell or inner wall. The two wall shells are at least partially connected to each other via a plurality of anchors. There is a plurality of spaced apart horizontally and / or vertically spaced filling openings in at least one of the wall shells introduced. A wall shell serves as an outer shell and another wall shell as an inner shell and in a cavity between the existing outer shell and the existing inner shell are successively filled in each case by the filling openings in several stages or layers, the starting materials as fluids in particular batchwise. The starting materials react with each other and foam and form a plastic material and permanently connect the outer shell and the inner shell with each other in order to achieve a static secondary anchoring of the outer shell to the inner shell.

Particularly preferably, the mixture of the starting materials is introduced into the cavity for a period of between about 10 and 20 seconds and in particular about 15 seconds. This is followed by a reaction time in which the starting materials react with one another for a period of between about 20 and 40 seconds and in particular about 30 seconds. This is followed by a rise in which the starting materials foam. The rise time is preferably between about 45 and 90 seconds and is preferably about 60 seconds. Thereafter, the foamed material cures for a period of between 45 and 90 seconds and in particular about 60 seconds. Overall, preferably, a period of between about 2 minutes 30 seconds and 3 minutes, during which a batch is filled. The proportion of the filling time is preferably between 5 and 25%, that of the reaction time between about 10 and 25%, that of the rise time between about 25 and 40% and also the proportion of the curing time between about 25% and 40%.

In all embodiments, a sealing material is preferably first introduced to window reveals and doors and other passages or openings or it is injected in the direction of the window reveals and / or doors a speaking material at right angles. Preferably, any leaks are sealed.

Further advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the embodiment, which will be explained below with reference to the accompanying figures.

Fig. 1

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine konventionell gesicherte Vormauerschale aus dem stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäß gesicherte Mauerkonstruktion; und

Fig. 3

eine schematische Vorderansicht der Mauerkonstruktion nach Fig. 2.

In the figures show:

Fig. 1

a schematic cross section through a conventionally secured front wall shell from the prior art;

Fig. 2

a schematic cross section through a secured wall according to the invention; and

Fig. 3

a schematic front view of the wall construction after Fig. 2 ,

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through an elaborately secured facing brick. The applicant reserves the right to apply for separate protection. In this case, a section of a clam shell masonry 51 of an existing building 50 is shown in schematic cross section. The double-shell masonry 51 comprises an inner shell or inner wall 2 and an outer shell or outer wall 3, which is designed here as a superior facing shell and consists of bricks 58 with intervening joints 60.

The existing building 50 may be, for example, an older building in which due to weather influences or originally poor materials, the facing brick 53 is no longer sufficiently secured or disposal is at risk.

It is possible z. B., that the originally used anchor 66 at least partially rusted or otherwise become unstable are. To refurbish the facade, holes are preferably drilled in the joints, so that rehabilitation anchors - consisting here of dowels 55 and spiral anchors 56 with hooks 57 - are introduced to secure the facing wall shell. Beforehand, the joints 60 are scraped over about a depth of 2 cm or even up to 5 cm. The joints can be replenished about halfway to give the bricklaying shell some stability. Previously, the originally used anchors 66 can be removed.

After inserting the rehabilitation anchor (spiral anchor 56 and hook 57), the joints are renewed. This can z. B. the outer part 63, so the second layer or outer layer 63 are introduced into the joints 60. The first layer 62 may be introduced immediately after the scratching. Behind the joint 60 is usually still old mortar 61, which in extreme cases may consist almost entirely of sand material and thus contributes to the stability practically not or very little. It is conceivable that the width 64 of the old mortar layer 61 (almost or even) is as large as the width 65 of the first layer and the second subsequently introduced layer 63. It is also possible, the joint network in a step z. B. to renew after setting the rehabilitation anchor while the z. B. 2 cm deep scratched joint in 2 operations one after another refill. The renewed layer then forms the overall outer layer 63 with the width 65.

Such a procedure works, but requires a relatively high material outlay. In general, special remedial anchors (dowel 55 and special anchor 56) must be used. In addition, the joints 60 must be scraped very deep, so that the new grout material can provide sufficient stability. The scratching out of the joints 60 and the - possibly repeated - filling the joints is very labor intensive, so that such a secured facing brick 53 causes relatively high costs.

The result of the method according to the invention for securing a facing brick 53 (also, for example, from the wall construction FIG. 1 ) shows FIG. 2 , There is a building 100 or a section of a Wall construction 1 of an existing building 50 after the renovation shown in cross section, wherein the wall construction 1 includes the inner shell 2 shown here in section as a wall shell 12. The inner shell is shown schematically and shown here narrower than it is usually. Furthermore, the wall construction 1 has a wall shell 13 as outer wall or outer shell 3. Between the wall shells 12, 13, a cavity 4 is originally provided, which was used for ventilation of the facing wall or plaster wall 3.

The facing brick 3 is designed as a brick wall and may for example consist of clinker bricks. The individual bricks or brick 58 are separated by joints 60.

In the wall construction 1, the mortar material originally present in the joints 60 has changed as a result of weathering and aging processes and has been partially washed out and / or are the anchors originally used and hook-shaped in plan view (eg Z-shaped) 66 become brittle or rusty. And / or the anchor 66 find due to the partially washed-out mortar material no longer sufficient hold in the facing wall 3. As a result, the facing wall 3 outlet is at risk, so that a subsequent backup of the facing wall 3 has become necessary.

It is also possible to secure a facing wall shell, when outside on the front wall shell a heat insulation is to be applied and then the static loads are greater. With the invention, the facing brick 3 can be sufficiently secured in this case.

According to the invention, filling openings 14, in particular in the form of bores 14, are introduced into the inner wall shell and / or into the front wall shell (only 2 filling openings 14 are shown by way of example here). The filling openings are preferably placed in the grouting 60 at the facing wall, so that the individual bricks 58 are completely retained. It is possible that the filling openings 14 only on the Crossing points of the horizontal and vertical joints introduced so as to obtain the individual stones 58 completely, so that the visual appearance of the outer facade remains substantially or completely unchanged. This is a great advantage especially for buildings that are listed as historical monuments. If the filling openings 14 are introduced into the inner shell, their arrangement is fundamentally more freely selectable. Filling openings 14 in the inner shell have the great advantage that the outer view is not changed.

After the introduction of one or more filling openings 14, the width 4 of the cavity 5, d. H. the distance of the inside (facing the cavity) or cavity side 33 of the inner shell 12 of the inside (facing the cavity) or cavity side 39 of the outer shell 3 determined. The measuring process can also be carried out using special measuring instruments.

Hundreds of years ago and more and also in the past decades not only occasional construction site waste or other debris on construction sites was simply disposed of by the fact that the waste was thrown into the cavity between the inner and outer wall shell and thus cheap "disposed of". Such debris can have a negative impact on the stability of a masonry shell secured by the invention. In addition, such debris can form unfavorable thermal bridges.

For this reason, after examination of the cavity 5 with a boroscope, at least one stone 8 is regularly removed on the sole of the foot 7 after or, if appropriate, before the examination of the cavity 5 in order thus to provide an opening 9. It is possible and particularly preferred that a plurality of stones and in particular (also) a plurality of adjacent stones 8 are removed, so as to provide a correspondingly large opening 9. Through the opening 9 any debris is removed from the cavity 4, so that the cavity 4 then remains substantially completely empty. Thereafter, the resulting opening is preferably closed again directly. For this purpose, the removed stones 8 are preferably used again and joints 60 are grouted again between the stones 8.

It is also possible that before closing the opening 9, the cavity 4 is first blown out. For this purpose, preferably compressed air is used and it is the cavity side 33 of the inner shell and it is the cavity side 39 of the outer shell, that is, the cavity facing sides of the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3, freed with compressed air from dust. It is also possible that other cleaning methods are used to rid the walls adjacent to the cavity of dust and other contaminants. This ensures that the best possible connection of the inner shell and the outer shell takes place via the plastic material 10, which is introduced subsequently. A perfect connection and Mikroverhakung is very advantageous for the stability of the wall construction.

It is possible and particularly preferred that a mist or the like is blown into the cavity 4 via a fogger and / or a smoking machine or the like in order to be able to locate and seal any leaks 6 on the wall construction 1. Especially in old buildings with listed facades very small and minute leaks in the outer shell (and / or the inner shell) are very often present, can escape through the possibly foam. Therefore, it is advantageous to find such leaks before and seal.

For example, in Fig. 2 a leak or small opening 67 in a joint 60 is shown, which has a flow connection to the cavity 5 and is thus filled in the filling process with the plastic foam 20. If necessary, the foam material can escape through the opening 67, so that closing with a closure or filler 69 before the filling process makes sense. Thereafter, all required filling openings filling openings 14 are made and each hole is closed by a closure element, for example in the form of a conical sealing plug. The closure elements 15 preferably each have a conical portion 16 which is attached from the outside to the wellbore in order to close this tightly.

This ensures that the material used for producing the plastic foam 20 or the starting materials 21 does not unintentionally escape through the filling openings 14 again.

Since the collecting container 30 are provided below or at the filling openings 14, even when removing the nozzle 36 (see FIG. 4 ) possibly still emerging material or exiting starting materials 21 are reliably collected and do not pollute the outer facade or the outer side 40 of the facing shell 3 or - in a filling of the inner shell ago - exiting starting materials 21 do not pollute the inner surface of the inner wall or inner shell.

After the preliminary work, so measuring the width 4 of the cavity 5, the making or introducing the filling openings 14, the removal of any existing debris from the cavity 4, the detection of leaks 6 and their closure, the attachment of the collecting container 30 and the Closing the filling openings 14 with closure elements 15, can be started with the filling of the plastic material or the plastic material 10. The (original) anchors 66 can remain in the wall construction. The anchors 66 are completely and safely embedded in the plastic material 10, so that they are closed by the ambient air. This applies in all embodiments, in particular in the case of plastic foam, which consists of polyurethane with a substantially closed cell structure.

The filling takes place from bottom to top. This means that, for example, is started in a corner of the building and there in the bottom row, for example, a sealing plug 15 is removed at a bore 14. There then, for example, a filling tube 36 with lateral outlet (see FIG. 4 ) and the starting materials 21 of the plastic material 10 are filled into the filling openings and thus into the cavity 4. The filled as fluids starting materials 21 collect on the sole of the foot or on the respective bottom of the cavity 4 to z. B. a filling height 44. There is a reaction due to which the starting materials 21 with each other react and the plastic material 10 foams and rises and thereby filling the cavity 4 from below starting at. The rising plastic foam 20 exerts virtually no or very little pressure on the wall shells 12, 13. During the ascent, the rising material wets completely, still in the fluid state, the cavity 4 facing wall sides 33 and 39, which adjoin the cavity 4, completely. After stopping filling, the nozzle 36 is removed from the bore 14 and the bore 14 is closed again with a closure member 15 to prevent the inadvertent escape of material. Eventually thereby from the nozzle 36 dripping fluids are reliably collected in the collecting container 30. The nozzle is blown out with compressed air before removal.

The ascending plastic material increases in the first Fülletappe 41 z. B. up to the rise height 45, which is preferably slightly higher than the first height level 46, on which the filling openings for the first Fülletappe 41 lie. But it is also possible that the rise height 45 is less high than the first height level 46. An advantage if the rise height 45 is greater than the first height level 46 but that after pulling out the filling tube 36 through the filling opening 14, the rising of the plastic foam 20 can be observed before the filling opening is then closed, to prevent the escape of plastic foam. After filling the first filling step 41 can be filled horizontally offset until the entire wall construction is filled up to the first height level 46 with the plastic foam 20. In a second Fülletappe 42 can then be filled at a second height level 47 and finally, the third Fülletappe 43 is filled at the highest here third height level 48.

A fill step is understood to mean the filling at (approximately) a height level. At a higher height level, it is only filled when the filling at the level below is completed. An exception may be z. B. be made when the horizontal distance is large and Z. B. is greater than five times and in particular ten times the average (or typical) horizontal distance between two adjacent filling openings 14. An exception is z. B. also possible when working with two or more filling tubes 36 at the same time and is started at different corners of the building at the same time.

During a filling process, typically a height of between about 40 and 70, and more preferably between about 50 and 60 cm, is filled. The exact dimensions also depend on the width 5 of the cavity 4 and can be both larger and smaller.

It is possible to simultaneously fill starting materials 21 into the cavity through two or more filling openings 14. For example, it can be started starting from two corners to fulfill the cavity 4 with the plastic material 10. It is also possible that every second, third or fourth bore is simultaneously exposed to a nozzle. As a result, the filling process can be accelerated as a whole, because it works in parallel at several points.

After filling a first batch or after filling up to a first height 45, the next upper filling openings or bores 14 are correspondingly acted upon by the starting materials in order to apply a second layer of the plastic foam 20 to the first layer. The individual layers stick together in such a way that a substantially homogeneous mass is formed in the cavity 4, as it is in FIG. 2 is shown.

In this case, the plastic foam 20 penetrates into all the cracks and corners and projections and depressions on the side facing the cavity sides 33 and 39 of the wall shells 12 and 13, so that noses 28 form recesses in the masonry and in particular at the joints 60, the lead to additional bonding and reinforcement of the connection of the wall shells 12 and 13 together.

The plastic foam occurs where possible in the joints 60 and fills them completely, which contributes to the stabilization. Of the Plastic foam occurs even in the smallest cracks and small and smallest openings and pores that have formed at the joints 60 or on the stones or especially on or around the (original) armature 66 around, so that these again (something) contribute to the stabilization and be completely enclosed in the foam. The joints 60 continue to be sealed by the plastic material to the outside, so that moisture does not meet.

It may be useful that, in particular, after the foaming of the cavity 4, the joints 60 are partially or completely scraped out in order to introduce a new filling material 63 and, in particular, mortar material there. In many cases, but can be dispensed with.

When the inner shell 2 (from the interior or living or business space) is filled from the inner surface 34, the filling opening 14 is correspondingly closed from the inside. Before the filling process from the inside, a thorough sealing of the joints with filling material 63 should be carried out on the outside of the outer shell in order to reliably prevent the plastic foam 20 from escaping on the outside 40. This could contaminate the external facade.

In any case, after the end of the filling process and the curing of the plastic foam 20, the closure elements 15 and the collecting containers 30 are removed. The filling openings 14 can be scraped out and then re-closed with a suitable material, as is known to the person skilled in the art. If necessary, paint may be applied to the outside of the façade on each of the holes to achieve optical alignment of the sealed holes with the rest of the facade. In the case of a filling from the inside, the filling openings can be closed again with a suitable leveling compound and painted over or treated in another way.

Particularly preferably, the filling process takes place from the inner shell, so that in particular in the listed building standing outer facades no impairment or change the outside occurs. Such a method is also advantageous if internal renovation is also planned. Another advantage of backfilling from the inside is that the work can be done in all weather conditions. Rain, snow or other weather conditions do not bother.

In FIG. 2 are still two different passages 49 located here z. B. connect the interior with the cavity. For example, the upper passage 49 shown here may be essentially linear and may be caused by a cable feedthrough. Inside the passage 49, a cable is then carried out, which fills practically the entire interior of the passage 49. However, there is very little free space between the cable sheath and the surrounding masonry. This free space is sufficient that the still liquid components of the filled plastic material pass through. The liquid components are as fluid as water at room temperature, so that very small cracks, gaps, pores or gaps are sufficient to allow the components to pass through and then escape to the other side (inner wall of the building or outside facade) and foam there, so that the corresponding surfaces can become dirty , Such locations are normally sealed in advance to prevent leakage of fluid or foam. In the case of leaks on, for example, beamed ceilings, a seal can become very difficult or virtually impossible. Optionally, this may also apply to passages or leaks that are curved, such as the lower in Fig. 2 drawn passage 49. In order to seal passages or leaks as much as possible, in particular with wooden beams or wooden beam ceilings or similar objects or the like, a further advantage of the method can be used. For this purpose, the layer heights of the preceding Fülletappen or only the previous Fülletappe be adjusted so that the passage 49 is not in the lower part of a Fülletappe (eg Fülletappe 43), where still liquid starting materials of the plastic foam 20 accumulate, but above. Basically, too rising plastic foam 20 initially still very "liquid" and penetrates into small and smallest openings, but the rising plastic foam 20 is viscous when rising. Therefore, in known leaks or passages (such as on a wooden beam ceiling), the filling step is preferably adjusted so that the passage or leakage point is above the respective filling level 44. Preferably, the Fülletappe is laid / controlled so that the passage is in the upper half or in the upper third or quarter of the Fülletappe or the respective rise height. Then the toughness has already increased so much that a leakage of foam can be reliably avoided in many cases. When the plastic foam rises, the passage or leakage is then exceeded and the plastic foam does not escape from the passage to the outside (inside).

FIG. 3 shows a frontal view of a portion of the masonry 1 of the building 100, at which the joints 60 are shown enlarged here to illustrate the principle. The filling openings 14 have a horizontal distance 31 to each other. The vertical distance 32 is also shown. Preferably, approximately square distances between the individual filling openings 14 are provided. It is also possible and preferred that the horizontal distance 31 of individual filling openings 14 is greater than the vertical distance 32. It is also possible that in the horizontal and / or vertical direction individual filling openings 14 have a smaller distance from one another than other filling openings 14, for example when the cavity has a different width 5 locally.

Is marked in the lower area in FIG. 3 an opening 9, which remains after removal of a removed stone 8, to remove there debris from the cavity 4 before filling with the plastic material 10. The debris can include small and large items that z. B. incurred as waste on a construction site. In such cavities glass bottles, cans, metal parts, etc. have already been found. Also for stability, removal of such debris 68 is very advantageous. Also mortar residues and drilling residues are deposited there.

In FIG. 3 Furthermore, the collecting container 30 are visible, which are mounted below the filling openings 14 on the inside of the inner shell or on the outside of the outer shell 3.

Also drawn are two openings 67 in the joints 60, wherein the opening 67 drawn further to the right extends over a large area over a horizontal and two vertical joints. The further left opening 67 may also have a much smaller diameter. Both can be replaced by z. B. a leaching may have arisen. Both openings are preferably completely closed before the filling process.

Cross hatched is a batch 29 of the plastic foam 20, which results for example after filling and foaming. The plastic foam 20 of the charge 29 has risen up to a layer height 27 here.

FIG. 4 shows a highly schematic representation of the equipment used, with polyol 23 is expected in a corresponding container before. Accordingly, a di- or polyisocyanate 24 is stored separately in a container. Propellants 22 such as a pentafluorobutane 25 or a heptafluorobutane 26 may be contained in separate containers or in the containers of materials 23 and 24. The fluids are introduced under pressure into the mixing chamber 35 and are mixed there thoroughly and homogeneously and pass through the nozzle 36 or filling tube 36 to the outside. The components are supplied via at least one high pressure pump 37 and exit in the direction of arrows 38 down. The exit opening on the filler tube 36 can be directed in the desired direction.

For backfilling, the nozzle 36 is introduced into a bore 14, so that, for example, for a period of 15 seconds from the nozzle, the mixed starting materials 21 is introduced into the bore 14 and thus into the cavity 4. After a reaction time of, for example, about 30 seconds, this increases foaming mixture for a period of about 60 seconds. In this case, the foam sets in the fluid state completely and tightly against the insides of the cavity bounding walls. After a first curing time of about 60 seconds, the resulting plastic foam 20 has cured so far that you can continue working.

Overall, the invention provides an extremely advantageous procedure with which a front wall shell can be secured to the building wall on existing buildings and in particular also on listed buildings. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 wall construction 36 Filling tube, nozzle 2 Inner shell, inner wall 37 high pressure pump 38 arrow 3 Outer shell, outer wall, front wall shell 39 cavity side 40 outside 41 first stage 4 cavity 42 second stage 5 Width of 4 43 third stage 6 leak 44 Filling 7 sole 45 rising height 8th removed stone 46 first height level 9 opening 47 second height level 10 Plastic material 48 third height level 11 polyurethane 49 passage 12 wall shell 50 existing buildings 13 wall shell 51 Double-shell masonry 14 drilling 53 Facing wall 15 closure element 54 cavity 16 cone-shaped section 55 dowel 20 Plastic foam 56 spiral anchors 21 starting material 57 hook 22 propellant 58 brick 23 polyol 59 hook 24 Di- or polyisocyanate 60 Gap 25 Pentafluorobutane 61 old mortar 26 heptafluorobutane 62 first shift 27 layer height 63 second layer 28 nose 64 Width of 61 29 charge 65 Width of 62 30 receptacle 66 anchor 31 lateral distance 67 opening 32 height distance 68 filth 33 cavity side 69 filler 34 inner surface 100 building 35 mixer

Claims (15)

Method for the subsequent anchoring of two wall shells (12, 13) of an at least two-shell wall construction (1) of an existing building (100) and in particular for securing insufficiently anchored or endangered facing shells (3), wherein a wall shell (13) as outer shell (3) and the other wall shell (12) serves as an inner shell (2) and wherein a cavity (5) is formed between the two wall shells and wherein the two wall shells are at least partially interconnected via a plurality of anchors (66),
characterized,
that a plurality of horizontally and vertically spaced apart filling openings (14) in at least one of the wall shells (12, 13) is introduced and
that in the provided with the anchors (66) cavity (4) between the existing outer shell (3) and the existing inner shell (2) through these filling openings (14) in several Fülletappen (46-48) one after the outer shell (3) and the inner shell (2) is permanently connected to one another by connecting plastic material (10) in order to achieve a static secondary anchoring of the outer shell (3) to the inner shell (2). Method according to claim 1, wherein in a first filling step (41) plastic material (10) passes through filling openings (14) at substantially a first height level (46) and at a later filling step (42, 43) plastic material (10) through filling openings (14). is introduced into the cavity (4) at substantially a second height level (47). The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein in at least one Fülletappe (41-43) by a plurality of horizontally spaced apart filling openings (14) plastic material (10) is introduced into the cavity (4). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a Fill stage lasts between 2 minutes and 5 minutes and the filling of the starting materials (21) for the plastic material (10), a reaction time, a rise time and a curing time, wherein in a Fülletappe a layer height (27) between about 30 cm and 100 cm and especially between about 40 cm and 70 cm is formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the armatures (66) are embedded as far as possible in the plastic material (10). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plastic material (10) at least substantially by a plastic foam (20) is formed, the starting materials (21-24) are supplied to the cavity (4) and / or wherein the plastic foam (20) at least to Part consists of polyurethane (11) with substantially closed cell structure / is formed. Process according to the preceding claim, wherein as starting materials (21) at least two fluids and in particular at least one polyol (23) and at least one di- or polyisocyanate (24) with simultaneous addition of pentafluorobutane (25) (R365mfc) and / or heptafluorobutane (26 ) (R227ea) are introduced as blowing agent (22) into the cavity (4). A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the plastic foam (20) shrinks after curing by less than 5% by volume or less than 1% by volume. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein prior to the introduction of the plastic material (10), the cavity bounding walls (33, 39) of the outer shell (3) and the inner shell (2) are freed from dust by blowing or washing
and / or wherein prior to the introduction of the plastic material (20) and / or after the introduction of the plastic material (20) the filling openings (14) are first closed with closure elements (15), which in particular have a conical section (16). Method according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein collecting containers (30) are arranged below the bores (14) on an inner surface (34) and / or outer side (40) of the wall shell (12, 13) provided with the bores (14). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein leaks in the wall construction (1) are determined and sealed before the introduction of the plastic material (10). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein prior to the introduction of the plastic material (10) on the sole of the foot (7) of the wall construction (1) stones (8) are removed, taken through the resulting opening (9) of debris and the resulting opening (9) is closed again by in particular the removed stones (8) are used again. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein after at least one Fülletappe a check of the static assurance by taking a thermal image of the outer shell and / or the inner shell is performed with a thermal imaging device. Use of the fluids polyol (23) and di- or polyisocyanate (24) as starting materials (21) for subsequent anchoring of two wall shells (12, 13) of an at least two-shell wall construction (1) of an existing building (100) and in particular for securing insufficient anchored or endangered front wall shells (3), wherein a wall shell (13) as the outer shell (3) and the other wall shell (12) as an inner shell (2) and between the wall shells, a cavity (4) is provided, wherein the two wall shells on a A plurality of anchors (66) at least in part a plurality of spaced apart horizontally and vertically spaced filling openings (14) in at least one of the wall shells (12, 13) is introduced, and wherein through these filling openings (14) in several Fülletappen (46-48) successively in the cavity ( 4) between the existing outer shell (3) and the existing inner shell (2) the fluids (23, 24) are filled and the starting materials (21) react with each other and foam and form a plastic material (10) and the outer shell (3) and the Inner shell (2) permanently connect together to achieve a static secondary anchoring of the outer shell (3) on the inner shell (2). Two or more shell wall construction (1) with at least two wall shells (12, 13), wherein a wall shell (13) as outer shell (3) and the other wall shell (12) as inner shell (2) and wherein between the two wall shells a cavity (5) is formed and wherein the two wall shells are at least partially interconnected via a plurality of anchors (66),
characterized,
in that at least one of the wall shells is provided with a plurality of filling openings which are horizontally and / or vertically spaced and closed and that subsequently through these filling openings, stepwise or in layers, in the cavity (4) provided with the anchors (66) between the existing outer shell (3) and the existing inner shell (2) has an outer shell (3) and the inner shell (2) permanently interconnecting plastic material (10) is introduced to achieve a static secondary anchoring of the outer shell (3) on the inner shell (2).

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