EP0012823A1 - Lining for underground cavities - Google Patents

Lining for underground cavities Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012823A1
EP0012823A1 EP79104400A EP79104400A EP0012823A1 EP 0012823 A1 EP0012823 A1 EP 0012823A1 EP 79104400 A EP79104400 A EP 79104400A EP 79104400 A EP79104400 A EP 79104400A EP 0012823 A1 EP0012823 A1 EP 0012823A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire mesh
formwork
concrete
water
fleece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79104400A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0012823B1 (en
Inventor
Aloys Dipl.-Ing. Schlütter
Kopp Dipl.-Ing. Bernd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niederberg-Chemie Te Neukirchen-Vluyn Bondsr GmbH
Original Assignee
Ruhrkohle AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0012823A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012823A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0012823B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012823B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
    • E21D5/12—Accessories for making shaft linings, e.g. suspended cradles, shutterings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for expanding underground rooms, such as tunnels, tunnels and shafts.
  • Such rooms are usually provided with a base layer made of concrete. There is a water seal in front of the base course. The water is sealed with a film arranged between the base layer and the rock.
  • the necessary protection is usually provided with the help of concrete.
  • the concrete is first sprayed onto the mountain range.
  • the film is applied to this concrete layer before laying the actual base layer, which is to create the resistance to expansion.
  • This base layer usually also consists of concrete, whereby the concrete spraying method is also used here.
  • shotcrete is a very complex technique. This applies in particular to the filling of cavities with shotcrete, which should also serve as a reserve for the seal. Blowing out the rock usually creates larger voids than desired, which must be filled with shotcrete.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the structural effort for the expansion, in particular the amount of shotcrete required. This is achieved according to the invention by introducing a shaped and supporting body to which a concrete layer is applied in the fissured mountains, leaving the fissures open.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the stability of the rock formations, e.g. of limestone mountains.
  • the use of the mold and support body makes it possible to dispense with any preliminary expansion.
  • this backfilling or back mortar of the expansion is then carried out selectively on fissures with a fissure width of more than 0.75 m. In the otherwise stable mountain range, safety measures can be dispensed with for the gap width below. Punctual backfilling and backfilling means at least partially filling the fissures with partial contact with the expansion.
  • Rough mountains are usually very wet. According to the invention, this is taken into account by placing a sealing skin on the resulting brickwork.
  • the concrete layer forming the lining has an ideal smooth surface for the sealing skin after application of pumpable and vibratable concrete.
  • a further boton layer is then optionally placed on the sealing membrane for the purpose of production a multi-layer lining.
  • the smooth concrete surfaces give the waterproofing membrane a high level of resilience during mountain movements, since the underside does not pinch it due to uneven elevations in the concrete, and in this way material from a very large surrounding area can yield to stress caused by expansion.
  • formwork is used as the form and support body, which comes as close as possible to the ideal line of the desired clear cross-section for the blown-out cavity.
  • This formwork is created so that it absorbs the pump and vibrating pressure when the concrete is being applied. It is particularly permeable to water. As a result, it retains the concrete, but on the other hand lets water through so that the shrinkage of the concrete is reduced to a minimum.
  • a stable wire mesh coated for retaining concrete is primarily provided.
  • the coating can rest loosely on the wire mesh or be firmly connected to the wire mesh.
  • the wire mesh can be embedded in the coating, i.e. be coated on both sides.
  • fleece is used in particular as a coating.
  • the fleece is designed as a fiber fleece.
  • a fabric can also serve as a coating.
  • the fabric or fleece conducts water along the wire mesh into the drainage system.
  • a sealing skin arranged behind the fleece layer or behind the grid simultaneously protects the interior from water penetration and ensures an exclusive water flow into the drainage.
  • the wire mesh optionally has such a stiffness that it can be the desired one without special measures Maintains shape during expansion.
  • the wire mesh shape that comes as close as possible to the ideal line of the desired clear cross section for the blown-out cavity brings about a multiple support of the wire mesh on the rock. This support contributes significantly to the rigidity of the wire mesh.
  • the wire mesh is attached to rock projections by means of suitable dowels or anchors. This allows the use of relatively thin wire mesh and helps to further reduce the construction effort.
  • the mountain formation 1 has fissures 2 and rocky outcrops 3.
  • wire mesh or wire mesh 4 in the tunnel or shaft created by blasting.
  • the wire mesh 4 is either in one piece or composed of wire mats.
  • the assembly of wire mats is done by connecting the mats at the joints. A preferred connection is made by interlacing or with wire.
  • the wire mesh 4 has a shape that comes as close as possible to the desired ideal line of blasting.
  • the wire mesh 4 rests on the rocky projections 3 so that it is supported there.
  • the wire mesh 4 is there with suitable, dash-dotted at 5 shown dowels or anchors attached to the rocky outcrops.
  • the dowels 5 give the wire mesh additional support.
  • the wire mesh is coated on both sides. It lies between layers 6 made of glass fibers or plastic fibers. Is carried out coating by laying webs or weaving the wire mesh into the fibers or flocking the wire mesh - the Be.
  • a sealing membrane 7 made of plastic is provided on the inside of the wire mesh coated with fiber fleece.
  • the sealing membrane 7 is preferably firmly connected to the fleece. This is done by laminating or welding the fleece on.
  • Wire mesh 4, the fleece layers 6 and the 'sealing membrane 7 serve to shape a concrete construction.
  • the concrete layer provided for this purpose is sprayed on or applied with the help of another formwork.
  • the formwork is then arranged within the wire mesh and determines the clear opening of the shaft or tunnel construction.
  • the concrete is pumped in or conveyed in some other way between the formwork (not shown) and the wire mesh 4 or sealing membrane 7 and aftertreated in the usual manner by shaking.
  • the wire mesh 4 with the layers 6 and the sealing membrane 5 easily withstands the vibrating and pumping pressure of the concrete.
  • the wire mesh 4 with the fleece layers 6 and the sealing membrane 7 remains between the concrete lining and the mountain formation 1.
  • the sealing membrane 7 protects the concrete lining from the water flowing into the blasting. This water becomes. Tunnel or shaft bottom in a not shown Sole drain directed.
  • the open gaps 2 ensure a pressure-free drainage of water, so that the water load is considerably lower than that of conventional sealing sheets that seal with the mountains.
  • Fissures 2 with a gap width i.e. The width and height of the opening of more than 0.75 m are filled in with back mortar. This is done through pipe sockets, which are either not already formed in the wire mesh 4 and its coatings and the concrete lining, or through holes that are subsequently made through the removal.
  • the fiber layers 6 ensure the advantageous drainage of water for drainage.
  • the fiber layers 6 and the wire mesh 4 protect the sealing sheet 7 from damage or destruction during a mountain movement. The damage and destruction also counteracts the smooth support of the sealing membrane 7 on the concrete lining.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Abstract

1. Support for spaces lying underground, such as tunnels, galleries, shafts, where a body (4, 7) giving shape and support, consisting of a wire lattice (4) and a sealing sheet (7), is secured to the rock wall, leaving the fissures partially empty, characterised in that the wire lattice (4) has a coating (6) covering its surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ausbau von Untertage liegenden Räumen, wie Tunneln, Stollen und Schächten.The invention relates to a method for expanding underground rooms, such as tunnels, tunnels and shafts.

Derartige Räume werden üblicherweise mit einer Tragschicht aus Beton versehen. Vor der Tragschicht befindet sich eine Wasserabdichtung. Die Wasserabdichtung erfolgt mit einer zwischen der Tragschicht und dem Gebirge angeordneten Folie.Such rooms are usually provided with a base layer made of concrete. There is a water seal in front of the base course. The water is sealed with a film arranged between the base layer and the rock.

Ein derartiger Ausbau wird häufig an den Stellen eingebracht, an denen Wasser zusitzt oder wo mit zusitzendem Wasser gerechnet werden muß. Die Folie hat dann die Aufgabe, das Wasser abzuleiten, wobei es in der Regel genügt, wenn das an der Firste und an den Stößen zusitzende Wasser auf die Sohle und dort in die in der Regel mitgenommene Wasserseite abgeleitet wird. Zu diesem Zweck wird die zumeist dünne und aus Kunststoff bestehende Folie gegen eine Beschädigung bzw. Zerstörung durch das drückende Wasser und Gebirgsbewegungen geschützt.Such an expansion is often introduced at the points where water is sitting or where water that is sitting in must be expected. The film then has the task of draining off the water, it usually being sufficient if the water sitting on the ridges and the joints is drained off onto the sole and there into the water side which is usually carried along. For this purpose, the mostly thin and plastic film is protected against damage or destruction by the pressing water and mountain movements.

Der notwendige Schutz erfolgt in der Regel mit Hilfe von Beton. Der Beton wird zunächst auf den Gebirgsstoß aufgespritzt. Auf diese Betonschicht wird die Folie vor Verlegen der eigentlichen Tragschicht aufgebracht, welche den Ausbauwiderstand erzeugen soll. Diese Tragschicht besteht zumeist ebenfalls aus Beton, wobei auch hier das Betonspritzverfahren zur Anwendung gelangt.The necessary protection is usually provided with the help of concrete. The concrete is first sprayed onto the mountain range. The film is applied to this concrete layer before laying the actual base layer, which is to create the resistance to expansion. This base layer usually also consists of concrete, whereby the concrete spraying method is also used here.

Die Verwendung von Spritzbeton ist eine sehr aufwendige Technik. Das gilt insbesondere für die Ausfüllung von Hohlräumen mit Spritzbeton, der gleichzeitig als Rücklage für die Abdichtung dienen soll. Üblicherweise entstehen durch Aussprengen des Gesteins häufig größere Hohlräume als erwünscht, die mit dem Spritzbeton verfüllt werden müssen.The use of shotcrete is a very complex technique. This applies in particular to the filling of cavities with shotcrete, which should also serve as a reserve for the seal. Blowing out the rock usually creates larger voids than desired, which must be filled with shotcrete.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den baulichen Aufwand für den Ausbau, insbesondere die notwendige Spritzbetonmenge zu verringern. Das wird nach der Erfindung durch Einbringen eines Form- und Stützkörpers erreicht, auf den im klüftigen Gebirge unter Offenlassung der Klüfte eine Betonschicht aufgebracht wird. Dabei geht die Erfindung von dem Gedanken aus, die Standfestigkeit der Gebirgsformationen, z.B. von Kalkgebirgen, zu nutzen. Die Verwendung des Form- und Stützkörpers erlaubt es, auf jeden vorläufigen Ausbau zu verzichten.The invention has for its object to reduce the structural effort for the expansion, in particular the amount of shotcrete required. This is achieved according to the invention by introducing a shaped and supporting body to which a concrete layer is applied in the fissured mountains, leaving the fissures open. The invention is based on the idea that the stability of the rock formations, e.g. of limestone mountains. The use of the mold and support body makes it possible to dispense with any preliminary expansion.

Das schließt eine Hinterfüllung oder Hintermörtelung aus Sicherheitsgründen nicht aus. Nach der Erfindung erfolgt diese Hinterfüllung bzw. Hintermörtelung des Ausbaus dann aber punktuell an Klüften mit einer Kluftweite von mehr als 0,75 m. Für darunterliegender Kluftweite kann bei ansonsten standfestem Gebirge auf sichernde Maßnahmen verzichtet werden. Punktuelle Hintermörtelung und Hinterfüllung heißt zumindest teilweise Ausfüllung der Klüfte unter teilweiser Berührung mit dem Ausbau.This does not rule out backfilling or back mortar for safety reasons. According to the invention, this backfilling or back mortar of the expansion is then carried out selectively on fissures with a fissure width of more than 0.75 m. In the otherwise stable mountain range, safety measures can be dispensed with for the gap width below. Punctual backfilling and backfilling means at least partially filling the fissures with partial contact with the expansion.

Klüftige Gebirge sind in der Regel sehr naß. Nach der Erfindung wird dem durch Auflegen einer Abdichtungshaut auf die entstandene Ausmauerung Rechnung getragen. Die die Ausmauerung bildende Betonschicht besitzt nach Aufbringen pump- und rüttelfähigen Betons eine ideale glatte Oberfläche für die Dichtunashaut. wahlweise wird auf die Dichtungsbahn dann eine weitere Botonschicht zwecks Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Ausmauerung aufgebracht. Die glatten Betonflächen geben der Abdichtungshaut eine hohe Beanspruchbarkeit bei Gebirgsbewegungen, da diese unterseitig nicht durch ungleichmäßige Erhebungen des Betons eingeklemmt wird und auf diese Weise Material aus einem sehr großen Umgebungsbereich einer Belastung durch Dehnung nachgeben kann.Rough mountains are usually very wet. According to the invention, this is taken into account by placing a sealing skin on the resulting brickwork. The concrete layer forming the lining has an ideal smooth surface for the sealing skin after application of pumpable and vibratable concrete. a further boton layer is then optionally placed on the sealing membrane for the purpose of production a multi-layer lining. The smooth concrete surfaces give the waterproofing membrane a high level of resilience during mountain movements, since the underside does not pinch it due to uneven elevations in the concrete, and in this way material from a very large surrounding area can yield to stress caused by expansion.

Als Form- und Stützkörper dient in weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung eine Schalung, die der Ideallinie des erwünschten lichten Querschnittes für den ausgesprengten Hohlraum möglichst nahe kommt. Diese Schalung ist so geschaffen, daß sie den Pump- und Rütteldruck beim Aufbringen des Betons aufnimmt. Sie ist mit besonderem Vorteil wasserdurchlässig. Dadurch hält sie zwar den Beton zurück, läßt aber auf der anderen Seite Wasser durch, so daß sich das Schwinden des Betons auf ein Mindestmaß reduziert.In a further embodiment of the invention, formwork is used as the form and support body, which comes as close as possible to the ideal line of the desired clear cross-section for the blown-out cavity. This formwork is created so that it absorbs the pump and vibrating pressure when the concrete is being applied. It is particularly permeable to water. As a result, it retains the concrete, but on the other hand lets water through so that the shrinkage of the concrete is reduced to a minimum.

Nach der Erfindung ist in erster Linie ein stabiles, zum Zurückhalten von Beton beschichtetes Drahtgitter vorgesehen. Die Beschichtung kann auf dem Drahtgitter lose aufliegen oder fest mit dem Drahtgitter verbunden sein. Ferner kann das Drahtgitter in der Beschichtung eingebettet sein, d.h. beidseitig beschichtet sein. Zur Herstellung der gewünschten Wasserdurchlässigkeit dient als Beschichtung insbesondere Vlies. Das Vlies ist als Faservlies ausgebildet. Als Beschichtung kann auch ein Gewebe dienen.According to the invention, a stable wire mesh coated for retaining concrete is primarily provided. The coating can rest loosely on the wire mesh or be firmly connected to the wire mesh. Furthermore, the wire mesh can be embedded in the coating, i.e. be coated on both sides. In order to produce the desired water permeability, fleece is used in particular as a coating. The fleece is designed as a fiber fleece. A fabric can also serve as a coating.

Das Gewebe bzw. das Vlies leitet anfallendes Wasser am Drahtgitter entlang in die Sohldränage. Eine hinter der Vliesschicht bzw. hinter dem Gitter angeordnete Abdichtungshaut schützt den Innenraum zugleich vor durchtretendem Wasser und stellt einen ausschließlichen Wasserfluß in die Sohldränage sicher.The fabric or fleece conducts water along the wire mesh into the drainage system. A sealing skin arranged behind the fleece layer or behind the grid simultaneously protects the interior from water penetration and ensures an exclusive water flow into the drainage.

Das Drahtgitter besitzt wahlweise in sich eine solche Steifigkeit, daß es ohne besondere Maßnahmen seine gewünschte Form wahrend des Ausbaus beibehält. Dabei bewirkt die der Ideallinie des erwünschten lichten Querschnittes für den ausgesprengten Hohlraum möglichst nahekommende Drahtgitterform in der Praxis eine vielfache Abstützung des Drahtgitters am Gebirge. Dieses Abstützung trägt wesentlich zur Steifigkeit des Drahtgitters bei. Zusätzlich ist eine Befestigung des Drahtgitters mittels geeigneter Dübel oder Anker an Felsvorsprüngen vorgesehen. Das erlaubt die Verwendung relativ dünner Drahtgitter und trägt zur weiteren Verringerung des baulichen Aufwandes bei.The wire mesh optionally has such a stiffness that it can be the desired one without special measures Maintains shape during expansion. In practice, the wire mesh shape that comes as close as possible to the ideal line of the desired clear cross section for the blown-out cavity brings about a multiple support of the wire mesh on the rock. This support contributes significantly to the rigidity of the wire mesh. In addition, the wire mesh is attached to rock projections by means of suitable dowels or anchors. This allows the use of relatively thin wire mesh and helps to further reduce the construction effort.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Tunnel oder Streckenausbau im Ausschnitt;
  • Fig. 2 eine Einzelheit des Ausbaus nach Fig. 1.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. Show it:
  • 1 shows a tunnel or route expansion according to the invention in a detail;
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the expansion according to FIG. 1.

Mit 1 ist eine mit einer Aussprengung versehene Gebirgsformation aus Kalkstein bezeichnet. Die Gebirgsformation 1 besitzt Klüfte 2 und Felsvorsprünge 3.1 with a rock formation provided with a limestone is designated. The mountain formation 1 has fissures 2 and rocky outcrops 3.

In dem durch Aussprengung entstandenen Tunnel bzw. Schacht befindet sich ein Drahtgitter oder Drahtnetz 4. Das Drahtgitter 4 ist entweder einstückig oder aus Drahtmatten zusammengesetzt. Das Zusammensetzen aus Drahtmatten geschieht durch Verbindung der Matten an den Stoßstellen. Eine bevorzugte Verbindung erfolgt durch Verflechtung bzw. mit Draht.There is a wire mesh or wire mesh 4 in the tunnel or shaft created by blasting. The wire mesh 4 is either in one piece or composed of wire mats. The assembly of wire mats is done by connecting the mats at the joints. A preferred connection is made by interlacing or with wire.

Das Drahtgitter 4 besitzt eine Form, die der gewünschten Ideallinie der Aussprengung möglichst nahekommt. Dabei liegt das Drahtgitter 4 an den Felsvorsprüngen 3 an, so daß es dort eine Abstützung erfährt. Außerdem ist das Drahtgitter 4 dort mit geeigneten, bei 5 strichpunktiert dargestellten Dübeln oder Ankern in den Felsvorsprüngen befestigt. Die Dübel 5 geben dem Drahtgitter zusätzlichen Halt.The wire mesh 4 has a shape that comes as close as possible to the desired ideal line of blasting. The wire mesh 4 rests on the rocky projections 3 so that it is supported there. In addition, the wire mesh 4 is there with suitable, dash-dotted at 5 shown dowels or anchors attached to the rocky outcrops. The dowels 5 give the wire mesh additional support.

Das Drahtgitter ist beidseitig beschichtet. Es liegt zwischen Schichten 6 aus Glasfasern oder Kunststoffasern. Die Be- schichtung erfolgt durch Auflegen von Bahnen oder Einweben des Drahtgitters in die Fasern bzw. Beflocken des Drahtgitters.The wire mesh is coated on both sides. It lies between layers 6 made of glass fibers or plastic fibers. Is carried out coating by laying webs or weaving the wire mesh into the fibers or flocking the wire mesh - the Be.

An der Innenseite des mit Faservlies beschichteten Drahtgitters ist eine Dichtungsbahn 7 aus Kunststoff vorgesehen. Die Dichtungsbahn 7 ist vorzugsweise mit dem Vlies fest verbunden. Das geschieht durch Aufkaschieren bzw. Aufschweißen des Vlieses.A sealing membrane 7 made of plastic is provided on the inside of the wire mesh coated with fiber fleece. The sealing membrane 7 is preferably firmly connected to the fleece. This is done by laminating or welding the fleece on.

Drahtgitter 4, die Vliesschichten 6 und die 'Dichtungsbahn 7 dienen der Formgebung eines Betonausbaus. Die dazu vorgesehene Betonschicht wird aufgespritzt oder mit Hilfe einer weiteren Schalung aufgebracht. Die Schalung ist dann innerhalb des Drahtgitters angeordnet und bestimmt die lichte öFfnungsweise des Schacht- bzw. Tunnelausbaus. Zwischen nicht dargestellter Schalung und Drahtgitter 4 bzw. Dichtungsbahn 7 wird der Beton eingepumpt oder in anderer Weise gefördert und in üblicher Weise durch Rütteln nachbehandelt. Dabei hält-das Drahtgitter 4 mit den Schichten 6 und der Dichtungsbahn 5 dem Rüttel- und Pumpdruck des Betons ohne weiteres stand.Wire mesh 4, the fleece layers 6 and the 'sealing membrane 7 serve to shape a concrete construction. The concrete layer provided for this purpose is sprayed on or applied with the help of another formwork. The formwork is then arranged within the wire mesh and determines the clear opening of the shaft or tunnel construction. The concrete is pumped in or conveyed in some other way between the formwork (not shown) and the wire mesh 4 or sealing membrane 7 and aftertreated in the usual manner by shaking. The wire mesh 4 with the layers 6 and the sealing membrane 5 easily withstands the vibrating and pumping pressure of the concrete.

Nach Verfestigung des Betonausbaus verbleibt das Drahtgitter 4 mit den Vliesschichten 6 und der Dichtungsbahn 7 zwischen dem Betonausbau und der Gebirgsformation 1. Die Abdichtungsbahn 7 schützt den Betonausbau vor dem in die Aussprengung fließenden Wasser. Dieses Wasser wird zur. Tunnel- oder Schachtsohle in eine nicht dargestellte Sohldränage gelenkt. Dabei gewährleisten die offenen Klüfte 2 einen durcklosen Wasserabfluß, so daß die Wasserbelastung gegenüber üblichen, mit dem Gebirge schließend abdichtenden Abdichtungsbahnen erheblich geringer ist.After the concrete lining has solidified, the wire mesh 4 with the fleece layers 6 and the sealing membrane 7 remains between the concrete lining and the mountain formation 1. The sealing membrane 7 protects the concrete lining from the water flowing into the blasting. This water becomes. Tunnel or shaft bottom in a not shown Sole drain directed. The open gaps 2 ensure a pressure-free drainage of water, so that the water load is considerably lower than that of conventional sealing sheets that seal with the mountains.

Klüfte 2 mit einer Kluftweite, d.h. Breite und Höhe der Öffnung von mehr als 0,75 m werden durch Hintermörtelung verfüllt. Das geschieht durch Rohrstutzen, die endweder bereits in das Drahtgitter 4 und dessen Beschichtungen sowie die Betonausbau eingeformt sind, oder durch Bohrungen, die nachträglich durch den Ausbau hindurch eingebracht werden.Fissures 2 with a gap width, i.e. The width and height of the opening of more than 0.75 m are filled in with back mortar. This is done through pipe sockets, which are either not already formed in the wire mesh 4 and its coatings and the concrete lining, or through holes that are subsequently made through the removal.

An den ausgefüllten Klüften 2 und an den anliegenden Felsvorsprüngen 3 stellen die Faserschichten 6 den vorteilhaften Wasserabfluß zur Sohldränage sicher. Gleichzeitig schützen die Faserschichten 6 und das Drahtgitter 4 die Abdichtungsbahn 7 bei einer Gebirgsbewegung vor einer Beschädigung oder Zerstörung. Der Beschädigung und Zerstörung wirkt ferner die glatte Auflage der Dichtungsbahn 7 auf dem Betonausbau entgegen.At the filled gaps 2 and the adjacent rocky outcrops 3, the fiber layers 6 ensure the advantageous drainage of water for drainage. At the same time, the fiber layers 6 and the wire mesh 4 protect the sealing sheet 7 from damage or destruction during a mountain movement. The damage and destruction also counteracts the smooth support of the sealing membrane 7 on the concrete lining.

Claims (11)

1. Verfahren zum Ausbau von Untertage liegenden Räumen, wie Tunnel, Stollen, Schächte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Form- und Stützkörper (4) eingebracht wird und eine Betonschicht im klüftigen Gebirge (1) unter Offenlassung der Klüfte (2) auf den Form- und Stützkörper (4) aufgebracht wird.1. A method for expanding underground rooms, such as tunnels, tunnels, shafts, characterized in that a molding and support body (4) is introduced and a concrete layer in the fissured mountains (1) leaving the fissures (2) open on the form - And support body (4) is applied. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Hintermörtelung bzw. Hinterfüllung von Klüften (2) mit einer Kluftweite von mehr als 0,75 m.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by a rear mortar or backfilling of fissures (2) with a fissure width of more than 0.75 m. 3. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch eine Schalung (4,6,7).3. Device for performing the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a formwork (4,6,7). 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalung (4, 6, 7) wasserdurchlässig ist.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the formwork (4, 6, 7) is permeable to water. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet durch eine vlies- und gewebebeschichtete Schalung ( 4, 6, 7).5. The device according to claim 4, characterized by a fleece and fabric-coated formwork (4, 6, 7). 6. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalung als Drahtgitter (4) oder Drahtnetz ausgebildet ist.6. The device according to one or more of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the formwork is designed as a wire mesh (4) or wire mesh. 7. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch eine Bofestigung der Schalung (4, 6, 7).7. The device according to one or more of claims 3 to 6, characterized by a B-fastening of the formwork (4, 6, 7). 8. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch eine Abstützung der Schalung (4, 6, 7) an Felsvorsprüngen (3).8. The device according to one or more of claims 3 to 7, characterized by a support of the formwork (4, 6, 7) on rocky projections (3). 9. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch eine Dichtungsbahn (7) der Schalung (4, 6, 7).9. The device according to one or more of claims 3 to 8, characterized by a sealing membrane (7) of the formwork (4, 6, 7). 1o. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtungsbahn (7) mit. der Vlies- oder Gewebeschicht (6) fest verbunden ist.1o. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the sealing membrane (7) with. the fleece or fabric layer (6) is firmly connected. 11. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 10, gekennzeichnet durch einen mehrschichtigen Betonausbau mit zwischenliegenden Dichtungsbahnen.11. The device according to one or more of claims 3 to 1 0 , characterized by a multi-layer concrete lining with intermediate sealing sheets.
EP79104400A 1978-12-09 1979-11-08 Lining for underground cavities Expired EP0012823B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782853279 DE2853279A1 (en) 1978-12-09 1978-12-09 EXTENSION OF UNDERGROUND ROOMS
DE2853279 1978-12-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012823A1 true EP0012823A1 (en) 1980-07-09
EP0012823B1 EP0012823B1 (en) 1981-09-16

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EP79104400A Expired EP0012823B1 (en) 1978-12-09 1979-11-08 Lining for underground cavities

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EP (1) EP0012823B1 (en)
AT (1) AT369135B (en)
DE (2) DE2853279A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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GB2299112A (en) * 1995-03-23 1996-09-25 Rom Limited Tunnel linings

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2943342A1 (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-05-07 Deitermann Kg Chemiewerk, 4354 Datteln Multilayer protective coating for concrete and masonry - with plastic foil embedded in adhesive compound
DE2941684A1 (en) * 1979-10-15 1981-04-23 Hilti AG, 9494 Schaan Sealing foil fixture on tunnel walling type underlay - involves retained self drilling dowels fastening foil holders to underlay
CN112523780B (en) * 2020-12-01 2022-11-29 中铁十二局集团有限公司 Soft rock tunnel lining vault anti-hollowing active monitoring construction method

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CH441417A (en) * 1965-10-06 1967-08-15 Ironflex Ag Sealing of walls against pressure and seepage water
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DE1784259A1 (en) * 1968-07-23 1971-08-12 Gerd Leschus Kunststoff Fabrik Sealing lining of tunnels, galleries and other structures
CH531625A (en) * 1970-11-25 1972-12-15 Sarnen Kunststoff Ag Method for sealing walls in buildings
DE2307090A1 (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-03-07 Alltis Allg Kunststoffisolieru ON A TUNNEL ARCH OR THE LIKE. SEAL TO BE FASTENED
DE2432648A1 (en) * 1974-07-08 1976-01-22 Schlegel Engineering Gmbh Fastening system for connecting plates to concrete - uses projecting fibres which are embedded into liquid concrete
DE2532664A1 (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-01-13 Iso Bau Abdichtungen Im Hoch U Fixing a plastics foil to a base, using plastics mounting pieces - by welding the former to the latter at a selective sealing strength
DE2705432A1 (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-08-11 Awus Tunnel Und Schachtisolier Mine gallery, road, tunnel or shaft supports - has flexible strips to hold water seal to rock via fillable compartments
CH593416A5 (en) * 1975-07-01 1977-11-30 Sarna Kunststoff Ag Multiple tunnel lining system - has bolts embedded in concrete lining, with magnetic tops and adhesive, for attaching waterproof foil
DE2637996A1 (en) * 1976-08-24 1978-03-02 Beton & Monierbau Ag Compound tunnel lining for use in mountain tunnels - includes layers of porous injection moulded elastomeric plastic, matted fibre, silt and water resistant layer
DE2656933A1 (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-06-22 Beton & Monierbau Ag Hydraulically pressurised tunnel lining - is circular resilient element with pressure applied at sides enabling top to resist roof pressure
DE2724686A1 (en) * 1977-06-01 1978-12-14 Ruhrkohle Ag Mine roadway support reinforcement - has lattice beams between arches with wire mesh and shuttering for packing with anhydrite

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DE874317C (en) * 1951-07-15 1953-04-23 Tiefbaugesellschaft Zweibrueck Waterproof cleat lining
DE1534657A1 (en) * 1965-05-15 1969-04-17 Pietro Canavesi Process for spraying or brushing concrete or other plaster onto a wall that has become damp due to water seepage, as well as covering for the implementation of the process mentioned
DE1609328A1 (en) * 1965-09-27 1970-04-30 Hilti Ag Method and device for fastening flexible sheet-like structures
CH441417A (en) * 1965-10-06 1967-08-15 Ironflex Ag Sealing of walls against pressure and seepage water
FR1583561A (en) * 1967-06-01 1969-11-14
DE1759999A1 (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-07-15 Gerd Leschus Kunststoff Fabrik Device for fastening large-area sealing sheets to the inner surface of a tunnel vault
DE1784259A1 (en) * 1968-07-23 1971-08-12 Gerd Leschus Kunststoff Fabrik Sealing lining of tunnels, galleries and other structures
CH531625A (en) * 1970-11-25 1972-12-15 Sarnen Kunststoff Ag Method for sealing walls in buildings
DE2307090A1 (en) * 1972-09-01 1974-03-07 Alltis Allg Kunststoffisolieru ON A TUNNEL ARCH OR THE LIKE. SEAL TO BE FASTENED
DE2432648A1 (en) * 1974-07-08 1976-01-22 Schlegel Engineering Gmbh Fastening system for connecting plates to concrete - uses projecting fibres which are embedded into liquid concrete
DE2532664A1 (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-01-13 Iso Bau Abdichtungen Im Hoch U Fixing a plastics foil to a base, using plastics mounting pieces - by welding the former to the latter at a selective sealing strength
CH593416A5 (en) * 1975-07-01 1977-11-30 Sarna Kunststoff Ag Multiple tunnel lining system - has bolts embedded in concrete lining, with magnetic tops and adhesive, for attaching waterproof foil
DE2705432A1 (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-08-11 Awus Tunnel Und Schachtisolier Mine gallery, road, tunnel or shaft supports - has flexible strips to hold water seal to rock via fillable compartments
DE2637996A1 (en) * 1976-08-24 1978-03-02 Beton & Monierbau Ag Compound tunnel lining for use in mountain tunnels - includes layers of porous injection moulded elastomeric plastic, matted fibre, silt and water resistant layer
DE2656933A1 (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-06-22 Beton & Monierbau Ag Hydraulically pressurised tunnel lining - is circular resilient element with pressure applied at sides enabling top to resist roof pressure
DE2724686A1 (en) * 1977-06-01 1978-12-14 Ruhrkohle Ag Mine roadway support reinforcement - has lattice beams between arches with wire mesh and shuttering for packing with anhydrite

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2299112A (en) * 1995-03-23 1996-09-25 Rom Limited Tunnel linings
GB2299112B (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-04-21 Rom Limited Improvements in and relating to tunnel linings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT369135B (en) 1982-12-10
DE2960850D1 (en) 1981-12-03
ATA780179A (en) 1982-04-15
EP0012823B1 (en) 1981-09-16
DE2853279A1 (en) 1980-06-26

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