EP3521557B1 - Multi-function frame for tubular structures - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a frame construction in the construction or renovation of tubular structures such as tunnels, underpasses or vaulted passages, in particular a multifunctional frame for the construction of the inner shell of a tubular structure, and a method for carrying out the construction of the inner shell of a tubular structure the renovation or even the construction of new tunnels, underpasses or vault passages.

Passable tunnels or underpasses, especially those with track bed and two or more tracks, but also provided with road surface tunnels or underpasses must be rehabilitated after a certain period of operation, which affects not only the actual roadway or the tracks, but above all the wall. Here, it usually comes to wear due to corrosion and also outbreaks, which represents a danger to the people and machines passing through the tube.

For traffic engineering reasons, the tunnel wall can be cleaned, drilled, solidified or plastered out broken sections of the tunnel wall with material and sealed sealing material in the rehabilitation of some tunnels only during the dorm or the low-traffic periods. There are also cases in which after appropriate preparation and sealing of the tunnel wall or the mountain wall at this a new inner shell is concreted. The required machinery and building materials are parked on site, brought out of the tunnel tube after completion or interruption of the work and stored in suitable places to be then brought back into the tunnel tube for the next working hours. This requires a high logistical effort and thus costs.

Likewise, in renovations of underpasses or vault bridges or vaulted passages, over which also runways or tracks lead, these routes are usually blocked during the renovation work on the tubes and passages.

Another aspect to consider when renovating tunnels, underpasses, vault bridges and the like is the nature and landscape protection, because often such structures are used by animals as a nesting and shelter, so serve as a biotope. For example, many older tunnels have special niches for bats. The legal requirements regarding the protection of such habitats are strict, ie. H. for tunnel tubes z. B. that the nesting and shelters for bats must be preserved. Conventional remediation methods and systems can not or only partially meet these requirements, and if so, then only with significantly increased effort.

In known methods of tunneling such. B. the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NÖT) is applied immediately after eruption to secure the mountains an outer shell of shotcrete and possibly additionally secured. These outer shells in new tunnels are sealed as appropriately plastered old tunnel outer walls, and then an inner shell of in-situ concrete is introduced as a permanent extension of the tunnel. The thickness of the shell is usually about 30 cm to 70 cm, but may be larger. The sections of the inner shell are usually concreted in lengths of about 8 m to about 25 m and are usually reinforced.

The outer and inner shell of a tunnel building or underpass are usually sealed against each other by means of a sealing foil, which protects the inner shell and the interior from aggressive (mountain) water. So that the sealing foil or the plastic sealing membrane (KDB) is not damaged, the reinforcement of the inner shell must not be fixed directly to the outer shell of the tube. This requires self-supporting reinforcing frames, consisting of support sheets with interposed reinforcing layers, which are often designed as a double layer.

Such reinforcement frames are for example in the EN 20 2017 105 802 U1 , of the AT 362 739 B , or the DE 39 27 446 C1 described. A disadvantage of these constructions, however, is that for Betonauf- or-hinter filling of the reinforcement frame formwork carriages are used, which is very complex, costly and therefore only possible with complete route blocking.

The JP 2013 204298 A discloses another known frame construction.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a frame construction and a method for the expansion of the inner shell of a tubular structure, which substantially overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, is inexpensive to implement, an uncomplicated structure which meets the legal requirements with regard to nature and landscape protection, allows a self-supporting concrete inner shell and in particular a section concreting without formwork carriages.

This object is achieved by the subject matter with the features of claim 1 and of claim 10, respectively. Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

According to the present invention, there is provided a frame structure for removing the inner shell of a tubular structure such as tunnels, underpasses or vaults with a plurality of frame members constituting the one non-closed frame arch: a steel beam arch having an inside and an outside, a reinforcing layer on the inside and / or outside of the steel girder arch, which is attached to the steel girder arch by means of retaining elements, a removable formwork at a predetermined distance from the inside of the girder arch, first spacers on the outside of the girder arch for support on the outside wall or the wall of the tubular structure and second spacers on the inside of the steel support arch for fixing the formwork layer, wherein the frame structure is adapted to be partially filled with concrete or backfilled and thereby the hy to record drostatic pressure of the concrete. This construction allows a sectional expansion of a tubular structure with a self-supporting, not closed reinforced concrete inner shell, without occupying the inside or overlying track for too long with blocking periods for traffic, because for example by the shortened work sections and work packages no formwork with formwork carriage is necessary. Sectionwise means both vertical and horizontal, with the already concreted sections additionally stabilizing the frame construction. In this case, the non-closed construction bears with the reinforcement itself and is supported in the side walls of the tubular structure against the wall or the old shell and on the ground. Also a hitherto often necessary complex use of expensive shotcrete is avoided, especially a water treatment due rebound residues of shotcrete. In addition, a flexible positioning of the frame elements as well as the reinforcement is possible by the adjustment options, whereby the required safety distances can be easily met.

Preferably, each steel support arch has at its two ends a base plate which is fixable on a foundation. Thus, the frame construction is optimally anchored to the substrate of the tubular structure and provides a central load transfer. Preferably, the base plate is welded to the front side of the steel beam arch. The foundation can be flexibly formed as a point foundation or alternatively as at least partially continuous foundation strips each at the edge of the tubular structure.

With particular advantage, the frame construction has a plurality of tube elements arranged in series one behind the other in a row frame elements. This contributes to the modularity and thus, for example, to a sectional procedure in the rehabilitation of pipes or underpasses. By suitable selection of the length of the frame elements special conditions of the outbreak or an existing structure such as joints and the like can be considered.

Preferably, a steel carrier sheet is designed as a double-T carrier with HEA or HEB profile. Such standardized profiled steels are required for most public tenders. As an alternative to a double-T profile, other profile steels are also conceivable, for example with U-profile or T-profile.

It is particularly advantageous if the steel carrier sheet is designed in several parts and in such a way that a plurality of steel carrier sheets can be connected to each other in their longitudinal direction. In the case of large tube cross sections, the steel carrier sheets can be prepared outside the structure, placed on top of one another and screwed together, for example, by means of suitable connecting plates. This increases the flexibility of the design, and costs can be reduced.

With further advantage, the holding elements are designed such that the distance between the reinforcement layer and the steel carrier sheet is adjustable. This creates the opportunity, the necessary minimum concrete coverage of reinforced concrete components depending on the geometry to ensure on site by appropriate adjustment. Particularly suitable is the holding element having an L-shaped profile sheet and a straight retaining plate with slot and threaded rod. This construction is simple, easy to handle and adjust and sufficiently stable and can be carried out with standard profiles. This distance adjustment can still be made after attaching the reinforcement layer (s), which provides additional flexibility.

Particularly preferably, the reinforcement layer has a plurality of reinforcing bars as longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. The reinforcement layer which is precisely adjusted by means of the retaining elements consists essentially of commercially available reinforcing steel rods which satisfy the relevant standards. The reinforcing steel bars are fastened by dislocation of the bars, that is by binding together by means of tie wire, so that a close-meshed network and thus support structure of reinforcing steel bars is formed. Also conceivable is the use of prefabricated reinforcing mats, which are fixed accordingly by means of the holding elements to the steel beam arch.

With further advantage, the first spacers on a load distribution plate, which is particularly mounted on the wall side. Since the loads on the sealed wall can be significant and damage to the sealing film must be avoided at all costs, such load distribution plates are used, which may, for example, have a square (for example 25 cm x 25 cm) or a circular shape, around the quasi point-like Load the first spacer into the area. The spacers may have threads, whereby the distance between the sealed wall and steel support arch is precisely adjustable. Alternative are also other distance mechanisms such. B. by means of transverse rods in peripheral holes possible.

Preferably, the frame construction transversely to the tube direction at least one hollow channel element which extends from the inside of the frame construction into the outer shell of the tunnel building and connects the interior of the tunnel building with a cavity outside the frame construction.

In this case, the hollow channel element is advantageously connected with a sealing film on the outer shell of the tunnel building air-tight and watertight, that prevents ingress of water from the outside through the hollow channel element in the interior of the tunnel building becomes. Thus, openings in the wall of the frame structure and thereby of the tunnel building can be made into spaces that remain accessible to previously living animals therein. The requirements for nature and landscape protection are thereby taken into account. The stability of the overall construction is neither adversely affected by the hollow channel element nor delays the production process. The extremely important tightness of the overall construction is not negatively affected.

According to the invention, a method for carrying out the removal of the inner shell of a tubular structure with the following steps: a) fixing a plurality of steel support arch on foundations therefor, b) adjusting the distance between steel support sheet and sealing film by means of spacers, c) attaching a reinforcement layer on the inside and / or on the outside of the steel beam arch by means of holding elements at an adjustable distance, d) attaching a first formwork layer of a first formwork height on the inside of the steel support arch by means of spacers each beginning at the base of the steel support arch on both sides of the tubular structure, e) concreting a first layer of concrete according to the first formwork height of the first formwork layer, f) attaching a next higher formwork layer of a predetermined formwork height on the inside of the steel beam arch by means of spacers starting at the free end h) repeating steps f) and g) until the concrete layers abut one another on both sides, so that a closed inner shell results in the structure. This method also allows a vertical section installation of a very stable, self-supporting inner shell in a tubular structure such as a tunnel, an underpass or vault bridge, so that the route operation in the tube and / or over it does not have to be interrupted for a long time. As a result, among other things, the expensive and time-consuming use of a formwork carriage is avoided, which requires a considerably larger breakout cross section of the tube. In addition, the use of a formwork carriage during stripping by the tolerated in the standard "sagging" of the concrete shell leads to inaccuracies in the finished shell. Furthermore, the method allows a very accurate, even later still changeable positioning of the reinforcement layers, so that the necessary minimum concrete cover can be met. The self-supporting additional support in the ridge area is not required.

With particular advantage, the distance of the reinforcement layer (s) is adjusted by means of the holding elements in step b). This gives a flexibility that can compensate for existing large tolerances, for example, to ensure the minimum concrete cover of the installed reinforced concrete components of about 5 cm. Even after attaching the inner or outer reinforcement layer adjustment of the distance is still possible.

The method further preferably comprises the step of removing the shuttering layers. The formwork of an already concrete section, whether vertical or horizontal, can be quickly removed, cleaned, optionally lubricated after drying or fixation of the concrete and then used again for the next section. This saves additional building material, which also saves time in the case of short working hours, for example in the rehabilitation of railway tunnels without full closure.

It is furthermore advantageous that steps e) and g) are carried out using in-situ concrete. The costly use of shotcrete, which is more expensive and less durable than in-situ concrete, can be avoided. Because when applying the shotcrete meets regularly a part of the concrete material by rebound on the ground or in the environment, which must therefore be subjected to a special, costly treatment.

Fig. 1

einen Schnitt durch ein röhrenartiges Bauwerk, in dem eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Rahmenkonstruktion installiert ist;

Fig. 2

einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1, der den Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Rahmenkonstruktion zur Bauwerkswand hin veranschaulicht;

Fig. 3

einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1, der ein Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Rahmenkonstruktion nach innen darstellt;

Fig. 4

ein Detail der Rahmenkonstruktion aus Fig. 1, das die Verbindung von zwei Stahlträgerbogen genauer darstellt;

Fig. 5

ein Detail aus Fig. 1, das die Verbindung der erfindungsgemäßen Rahmenkonstruktion zum Boden hin darstellt;

Fig. 6

eine Querschnittsansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Rahmenkonstruktion aus Fig. 1 im Detail eines Bogens darstellt;

Fig. 7

einen Ausschnitt von Elementen aus Fig. 6, die die Befestigung der Bewehrungslagen am Stahlträgerbogen näher darstellen;

Fig. 8

ein Detail einer Querschnittsansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Rahmenkonstruktion gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform zeigt; und

Fig. 9

eine Ansicht auf das Detail aus Fig. 8 von der Außenseite des Tunnelgebäudes zeigt.

Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Show it:

Fig. 1

a section through a tubular structure in which a preferred embodiment of the frame construction according to the invention is installed;

Fig. 2

a section from Fig. 1 which illustrates the construction of the frame construction according to the invention towards the building wall;

Fig. 3

a section from Fig. 1 showing a detail of the frame construction according to the invention inside;

Fig. 4

a detail of the frame construction Fig. 1 illustrating in more detail the connection of two steel beams;

Fig. 5

a detail from Fig. 1 showing the connection of the frame construction according to the invention to the ground;

Fig. 6

a cross-sectional view of the frame construction according to the invention Fig. 1 in detail of a bow represents;

Fig. 7

a section of elements Fig. 6 detailing the attachment of the reinforcement layers to the steel girder arch;

Fig. 8

shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of the frame construction according to the invention according to another embodiment; and

Fig. 9

a view on the detail Fig. 8 from the outside of the tunnel building.

Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a tunnel building in which a preferred embodiment of the frame construction 1 according to the invention is installed. In the case presented here, a tunnel building of a railway tunnel to be rehabilitated is shown in which the frame structure 1, which consists of a plurality of frame elements 2, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel building, forms the basis for a concrete inner shell, which on the inside of an already existing outer shell 3 of an old tunnel is attached. The floor of the tunnel building comprises a track bed 5, on which two tracks 7 are arranged substantially in the middle, so that a single-rail train operation in this railway tunnel is possible. It should be noted, however, that the present invention may also relate to multi-track railway tunnels or tunnel buildings having lorry or passenger roadways. In the same way, the invention can also be used in railway, road or other underpasses and in enclosures, vault bridges or culverts which are bricked or concreted. These include tubular structures through which a waterway leads or waters flow.

The frame element 2 itself comprises as the base element a steel carrier sheet 9, which in the illustrated embodiment is formed as a double T-carrier from an HEB S355 steel profile. The steel support arch 9 is provided at each of its ends with a welded base plate 11 which is mounted on a foundation 13. The foundation 13 may be continuous in the longitudinal direction of the tubular structure, but it is also possible that the foundations 13 are provided only partially or in sections as a point foundations within the tubular structure, namely where the steel support arch 9 to the bottom of the tubular structure to meet. In any case, adequate anchoring in the ground by the foundation must be ensured.

The steel support sheets 9A have on their inner side and also on their outer side, but not directly on their flanges, in each case a reinforcement layer 15, 17, which are fixed by means of holding elements to the steel support sheet 9. Details of this are described in the present description with respect to the following figures.

Since the outer shell 3 of the tubular structure with a sealing film 4, ie a plastic sealing strip, for the purpose of sealing the inside of the tube from the ingress of (mountain) water is watertight, the frame structure 1 must not be connected to the outer shell 3 such that the Seal layer is interrupted or damaged. Therefore, the steel support sheets 9 are connected to the inner surface of the sealing film 4 via first spacers, the first spacers 19 being provided with load distribution plates 20 as described with reference to FIG Fig. 2 described in detail below. The load distribution plates 20 are not fixed on the sealing film 4, but pressed after positioning the steel support sheet 9 against the sealing film 4. In the preferred embodiment, the first spacers 19 are provided with corresponding threads for this purpose. In addition, tolerances in the space between the outer shell 3 of the building and the steel support sheet 9 can be compensated in a simple manner. The material of the first spacers 19 and the load distribution plates 20 and their dimensions are selected such that the supporting forces of the frame structure 1 on the sealing film 4 comply with the permissible loads for the film. In addition, the material is preferably plastic, plastic-coated steel pins or stainless steel threaded rods are used to prevent possible corrosion close to the outer shell 3 of the tubular structure.

On the inside of the steel support arch 9, a shuttering layer 23 is attached via second spacers 21, which includes a plurality of shuttering elements 24. In order to enable a self-supporting the frame structure 1, the formwork layer 23 is divided into different formwork elements of different heights, so that a section concreting, d. H. a backfill of the corresponding formwork elements with concrete, is made possible. A detailed description of the method is given below in this description.

The steel support sheets 9 are usually dimensioned such that they do not cover the entire tubular or tunnel arc in their longitudinal extent, but are divided into two or three sub-segments. These subsegments may be interconnected via one or more fasteners 25 that are mounted on at least one side of the web, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown in the ridge area of the tubular structure.

The backfilling of the frame construction 1 with reinforced concrete is preferably carried out in sections in the illustrated embodiment in such a way that initially a first, lower formwork layer 23, d. H. is boarded to a height of a first formwork element 24 and then in-situ concrete is poured behind the formwork, so that the full length of the frame construction 1 is backfilled to the height of the first shuttering element 24 with in-situ concrete, wherein the concrete mass in all spaces around the steel support arch 9, the inner and outer reinforcing layers 15, 17 and around the first and second spacers 19, 21 and the holding elements 14 moves around and due to the compression substantially no air pockets or other voids between the outer shell 3 and the formwork layer 23 are present.

Fig. 2 shows a detail of the presentation Fig. 1 In particular, the transition region between the outer shell 3 of the tubular structure to the frame structure 1 is shown in detail. It can be seen on the inside of the outer shell 3, a sealing film 4, in Fig. 2 dash-dotted lines is shown. The sealing film 4 is consistently about 2 mm thick and robust, so that from the outside no (mountain) water can penetrate into the interior of the tubular structure. Between the sealing film 4 and the outer shell 3 fabric mats, geotextile or similar materials may be arranged to protect the sealing film 4 from damage and to ensure the most uniform force distribution. On the sealing film 4 are inside the load distribution plates 20 mounted, which are formed in the preferred embodiment of plastic with a size of about 25 cm x 25 cm and glued to the sealing film 4 and in the middle have a threaded portion into which a first spacer 19 can engage, which also with a thread is provided. The first spacer 19 and the load distribution plate 20 may be formed of plastic to minimize the risk of corrosion of the reinforced concrete elements. On the inside, the first spacer 19 is screwed to the outer flange of the steel support arch 9. This makes it possible, depending on the design of the gap tolerances in the distance between the outer shell 3 and the steel support arch 9 compensate.

In Fig. 2 also visible is the outer reinforcing layer 17, which has bowing arranged in the rebar and perpendicular thereto arranged reinforcing bars. The attachment of the outer reinforcement layer 17 is effected by Verrödelung by means of wire to the reinforcement sheet 16, which in Fig. 2 are shown immediately adjacent to the outer flange of the steel beam arch 9 and their attachment in detail with reference to the Fig. 3 is described.

Fig. 3 shows a detail of the frame structure 1 according to the invention in the preferred embodiment. Special attention is given in the description of the Fig. 3 placed on the inner layer of the frame structure 1. As the details towards the outside wall are already referring to Fig. 2 have been described, these statements are not repeated here. One recognizes in Fig. 3 in that the inner reinforcing layer 15 is formed in mirror image to the outer reinforcing layer 17, ie a reinforcing sheet 16 is also arranged parallel to the inner flange of the steel carrier sheet 9, this reinforcing sheet 16 being screwed to the web of the steel carrier sheet 9 via holding elements 14. Details of the retaining element will be described with reference to FIGS 6 and 7 described. The inner reinforcement layer 15 is connected or crosslinked analogously to the outer reinforcing layer 17 with the corresponding reinforcement sheet 16 with tie wire. This step performs the reinforcement troop, wherein in the frame construction according to the invention preferably the outer reinforcement layer 17 is mounted first and then the inner reinforcement layer 15. It is also possible in principle, the corresponding steel support arch 9 with inner and outer reinforcement layer 15, 17 already outside the tube or prepare before mounting the steel girder arch on the foundation 13 accordingly.

Inwardly, a plurality of second spacers 21 is attached to the inner flange of the steel support arch 9, at the other end of the shuttering layer 23 is attached. The second spacers 21 are formed in the embodiment shown here as steel screws, which are surrounded by a protective plastic sheath, so that the plastic sheath prevents a direct connection between reinforced concrete and spacers. The design as a screw allows, similar to the first spacers 19, that the distance between the shuttering layer 23 and the inner flange of the steel support sheet 9 can be set exactly, and so tolerances can be compensated.

The formwork layer 23 includes commercial formwork boards, which may be formed of plastic, wood or metal. Preference is given to usual wood cladding. In Fig. 3 It can also be seen that after backfilling the frame construction and after corresponding compaction, the reinforced concrete 27 fills the entire gap between the outer shell 3 and the shuttering layer 23, without cavities or other inclusions remaining.

In Fig. 4 is a detail from the Fig. 1 shown enlarged, which lies in the ridge area of the tube. In the illustrated embodiment, the frame structure 1 on the right and left each have a steel support arch 9, which abut one another in the ridge region substantially and there by means of a connecting element 25 are interconnected. The connecting element 25 is arranged on at least one side of the web of the steel carrier sheet and screwed to the respective end. Preferably, the connecting element 25 is arranged on both sides of the web to provide an even more stable connection. Depending on the dimension of the steel girder arch 9, two, three, four or even more subsegments of steel girder arch 9 can form the complete arch of the frame structure 1, which can then be connected to one another in each case in their end regions by means of at least one connecting element 25. On a repetition of the already referring to the FIGS. 2 and 3 described elements Fig. 4 will be omitted here. Alternatively, other ways of connecting the ends of two steel beam arch 9, for. B. the screwing of two foot plates, which are welded as already described on the end faces of the steel beam.

Fig. 5 shows the section Fig. 1 in which the steel carrier sheet 9 is connected to the foundation 13 provided for this purpose. A foot plate 11 is welded on the front side of the double-T-carrier sheet 9. This substantially square base plate 11 has in each of its corner regions a bore through which a threaded rod 31 is guided. This threaded rod 31 is fixed on both sides of the base plate 11 with a fastening nut 29 and an adjusting nut 30 and is embedded in holes in the foundation 13 by means of a potting 12. There are in addition to the fastening shown here, other possibilities conceivable to connect the base plate 11 with the foundation 13, so that there is a stable position.

Fig. 6 shows in plan view a cross-sectional view of a side of the frame structure 1 according to the invention near the bottom. It can be seen that the foot plate 11 fully rests on the foundation 13 and is attached to it. The foundation 13 is designed as a point foundation as shown here, but it could also be formed throughout the entire length of the tubular structure with the width shown here. As already explained in detail, the steel support arch 9 is firmly welded to the base plate 11. The representation in Fig. 6 should serve to explain the flexible adjustable attachment of the inner and outer reinforcement layers 15, 17 on the steel support arch 9 by means of the holding elements 14 in more detail. The holding element 14 comprises an L-shaped angle profile sheet 32 which is fixed in each case on one side of the web of the steel support sheet 9, for. B. by means of a welded connection. At the portion of the angle profile sheet 32, which is parallel to the web of the steel carrier sheet 9, a holding plate 34 is arranged, whose extension is also parallel to the web surface of the steel carrier sheet 9. The connection is made by means of a threaded rod or a conventional screw / nut connection, wherein the retaining plate 34 can be moved along a centrally disposed slot 35. At a free end of the retaining plate 34 of the reinforcing rod 16 is arranged, which runs quasi parallel to the inner or outer flange of the steel support arch 9 and serves as a basis for the fixation of the inner and outer reinforcing layers 15, 17. The connection between the retaining plate 34 and reinforcing bar 16 is usually a welded connection, but can also be done in other ways, such as. B. gluing and the like. In Fig. 6 It can be seen how the reinforcing bar 16 first of all fixes the reinforcing steels running perpendicularly thereto as a longitudinal reinforcement, on which in turn the transverse reinforcing bars of the inner or outer reinforcement layer 15, 17 are then further outward are attached. The attachment takes place by means of decay, ie by attaching wire loops of Rödeldraht at the intersections of the reinforcing bars.

In Fig. 7 is in detail again the holding member 14 shown with its components, the angle profile sheet 32 and the support plate 34. Such sheets may be formed of a suitable section steel, for example with a U-profile. In synopsis of 6 and 7 It is clear that the distance of the inner and outer reinforcing layers 15, 17 can be adjusted to the flanges of the steel support arch 9 via a corresponding fixation of the holding elements 14. This allows tolerances to be taken into account.

Fig. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a section of another embodiment of the frame construction according to the invention. This embodiment addresses in particular the requirements of nature and landscape protection, because they niches in the walls of Alttunnelröhren in which z. B. bats have found their habitat, taken into account, so that such biotopes are available after the tunnel rehabilitation for the animals. Drilling or grouting work on the existing structures is thus avoided. For this purpose, the frame structure 1 has a hollow chamber element 40, which is arranged transversely to the tunnel or underpass direction and in the present embodiment has a rectangular cross section. In this hollow chamber element 40, a channel 42 is formed, so that the interior of the tunnel tube with the cavity in the tunnel wall, here formed as a bat, connected, so that the animals can fly in and out and the air supply is ensured.

In this case, the hollow-chamber element 40 is connected to the sealing film 4 in a watertight and airtight manner, preferably welded, so that no water can pass from the outside through the hollow-chamber element 40 into the interior of the tunnel structure. In the preferred embodiment, the hollow chamber member 40 is formed of polyethylene having a length of about 80 cm, a width of about 25 cm and a height of about 10 cm with a wall thickness of about 5 mm. Depending on the thickness of the frame construction, the length can be up to 1.5 m or even less than 80 cm. The width and height dimensions as well as the wall thickness are primarily determined by the material, because it must be ensured that the external forces acting on the hollow chamber element 40, of this without deformation or even damage can be recorded. The overall construction must not be impaired in its (carrying) function.

In the illustrated embodiment, the hollow chamber element 40 and the sealing film 4 are welded together. Other connection mechanisms and methods may be used as long as the water and airtightness is ensured. Optionally, the hollow chamber member 40 may be supported or supported by the reinforcement components for positioning, with a permanent connection not necessarily required.

In Fig. 9 can be seen in a plan view of the detail Fig. 8 in that the opening of the hollow chamber element 40 is arranged approximately at a height of 1.5 m to 2.0 m above the ground and the hollow chamber element 40 is arranged essentially at a right angle to the frame construction 1. Slight deviations from the right angle (<10 °) are possible as long as the stability of the construction is ensured. In the 8 and 9 is the niche in the interior of the tunnel outer wall rebuilt by masonry 43, so that a defined cavity 45 is formed. This cavity 45 has a drainage opening 46 at the bottom, but the outlet does not extend into the interior of the tunneling tube.

The process according to the invention will be described in detail below. In the structure whose outer wall is sealed by a sealing film 4 substantially waterproof against (mountain) water, the steel support arch 9 are introduced and fixed on the previously established for this foundation 13. As in Fig. 4 more than one steel carrier sheet 9 can form the entire sheet; a corresponding connection can be brought about for example via connecting elements 25. The distance between steel carrier sheet 9 and sealing film 4 is adjusted via first spacers 19, which are preferably arranged on the sealing film 4 by means of load distribution plates 20. The attachment of the load distribution plates 20 takes place by pressing, ie by the existing on the spacers 19 thread, which allow rotation and thus the adjustment of the distance and the contact pressure on the sealing film 4. This first step is carried out by a trained construction team and removed accordingly after completion.

Now, the assembly of the inner and / or the outer reinforcing layers 15, 17 take place. Usually are usually two rebar layers. The brackets 14 with angle profile sheet 32 and retaining plate 34 are already attached to the webs of the steel beam arch 9 or are now welded there. It is advantageous that the holding elements 14 are arranged for the inner reinforcing layer 15 on the same one web side and for the outer reinforcing layer 17 on the other, opposite side. At the holding plates 34, the reinforcing rods 16 are first attached parallel to the steel carrier sheet 9, preferably by means of welded connection. Other fastening techniques are possible such as soldering, gluing, screwing or the like. Subsequently, the reinforcing steels of the inner and / or outer reinforcing layers running transversely to the reinforcing bars 16 are fastened, i. extending in the tube longitudinal direction. For this purpose, use is made of a twisted-wire wire which, after being arranged at the desired location, is twisted by means of a tool and thus ensures a sufficiently strong connection of two intersecting reinforcing steels. Now seen from the steel support arch 9, the more distant reinforcement layer can be fixed in the same manner. The result is a relatively close-meshed network of reinforcing steels, which expands at least to the extent that the first section to be cast is sufficiently covered with reinforcement.

It should be noted that the distance between the inner and outer reinforcement layers 15, 17 can still be adjusted even after attachment of the reinforcing bars. This may be necessary to compensate for tolerances or to respond to previously measured below minimum clearances.

Next, the formwork layer is attached. For this purpose, the second spacers 21, which are in the in Fig. 4 embodiment shown are provided with a plastic sheath, rotated in the designated threaded holes in the inner flange of the steel beam arch and thus fastened there taking into account the bridged distance. If all second spacers 21 are present for the section, the shuttering boards of the shuttering layer 23 are attached by screw connection. Depending on the material of the formwork, another technique may be useful when fixing. In the example shown, a wooden shuttering is used, which can be removed after concreting, cleaned, processed and reused. The advantage of the present invention is at this point that only the area is to be provided with a formwork to be concreted directly after. This results in a flexible use of the work equipment and classification of the work crews, who can work in coordination with the allowed times in the tunnel. Furthermore, the present frame construction is self-supporting and self-reinforcing, as an already-concreted lower layer supports the overlying layer and thereby reinforces the overall construction. In other words, the frame absorbs the hydrostatic pressure from the fresh concrete.

The next higher concrete layers or sections can be concreted as soon as the underlying sections are dried, d. H. usually after about 12 to 20 hours.

In summary, the advantages of the present invention is that the concreting of the inner shell without the use of rebar and formwork carriage manages, which saves time and costs. In addition, no elaborate drilling and anchoring of the frame structure in the rock or in the old wall are necessary. The expensive use of shotcrete is avoided, and the seal is not penetrated. Also, the greatest possible space of light remains in the tube. The present invention unfolds its advantages, for example, in (bricked) vault bridges or passages as well as underpasses, since the frame construction can be easily fitted and fixed bearing with a reliable seal.

With the object of the present invention, a frame construction and a method for the expansion of the inner shell of a tubular structure has been provided, which is inexpensive to implement both in a new construction and renovation, has a simple structure, a self-supporting concrete inner shell and in particular a section concreting without a formwork carriage, without the tube or building having to be closed for traffic or flow in the longer term.

Claims (15)

1. Frame structure (1) for upgrading the internal shell of a tubular structure such as tunnels, underpasses or bridge arches or vaulted structures with a plurality of frame elements (2) which form a non-closed frame arch which is set up to be supported at its open ends on the base of the tubular structure, wherein the frame elements (2) comprise:

   a steel support arch (9) with an inner side and an outer side,

   a reinforcement layer (15, 17) on the inner side and/or the outer side of the steel support arch (9) which (layer) is attached to the steel support arch (9) by means of retaining elements (14),

   a removable shuttering layer (23) at a predetermined distance from the inner side of the steel support arch (9),

   first spacers (19) on the outer side of the steel support arch (9) for support on the outside wall (3) or the wall of the tubular structure, and

   second spacers (21) on the inner side of the steel support arch (9) for fixing the shuttering layer (23),

   wherein the frame structure (1) is set up to be filled with concrete (27) in sections from the base of the tubular structure until the concrete layers of the two sides abut against one another so that a closed interior shell is produced in the tubular structure, and to then absorb the hydrostatic pressure of the concrete.
2. Frame structure (1) according to claim 1 characterised in that each steel support arch (9) has at its two ends a foot plate (11) which can be fixed on a foundation base (13).
3. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that it comprises a plurality of frame elements (2) arranged in series in the tubular direction.
4. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the steel support arch (9) is configured as a double T support with HEA or HEB profile.
5. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the steel support arch (9) is of a multi-part configuration wherein several steel supports aches (9) can be connected to one another in the longitudinal direction.
6. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the retaining elements (14) are configured so that the distance between the reinforcement layer (15, 17) and the steel support arch (9) is adjustable.
7. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterised that a retaining element (14) has an L-shaped profiled sheet metal plate (32) and a straight retaining plate (34) with an elongated hole (35) and threaded rod.
8. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the reinforcement layer (15, 17) comprises a number of reinforcement bars as the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement.
9. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the first spacers (19) comprise a load distribution plate (20) which is attached in particular on the wall side.
10. Frame structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that it comprises at least one hollowchannel element (40) transversely to the tubular direction wherein the hollow channel element extends from the inside of the frame structure (1) up to the outer shell (3) of the tunnel building and connects the interior of the tunnel building to a hollow space (45) outside of the frame structure (1).
11. Frame structure (1) according to claim 10 characterised in that the hollow channel element (40) is connected in airtight and watertight manner to a sealing film (4) on the outside shell (3) of the tunnel building so that water is prevented from entering from outside through the hollow channel element (40) into the interior space of the tunnel building.
12. Method for carrying out the upgrading of the inner shell of a tubular structure such as tunnels, underpasses or bridge arches or passages with the following steps:

    a) fixing a plurality of steel support arches (9) on foundation bases (13) set up for this purpose;

    b) adjusting the distance between the steel support arches (9) and the sealing film (4) by mean of spacers (19),

    c) attaching a reinforcement layer (15. 17) at an adjustable distance on the inside and/or on the outside of the steel support arches (9) by means of retaining elements (14);

    d) attaching a first shuttering layer (23) of a first shuttering height on the inside of the steel support arches (9) by means of spacers (21) starting in each case at a foot of the steel support arches (9) on each side of the tubular structure

    e) concreting in a first concrete layer corresponding to the first shuttering height of the first shuttering layer (23);

    f) attaching the next level shuttering layer (23) of a predetermined shuttering level on the inside of the steel support arches (9) by means of spacers (21) starting in each case at the free end of the lower shuttering layers;

    g) concreting in the next level concrete layer corresponding each time to the predetermined shuttering height of the next level shuttering layers

    h) repeating the steps f) and g) until the concrete layers of both sides abut against one another so that a closed inner shell is produced in the tubular structure.
13. Method according to claim 12 characterised in that in step c) the distance of the reinforcement layer(s) is adjusted by mean of the retaining elements (14).
14. Method according to claim 12 or 13 which comprises in addition the step of removing the shuttering layers (23).
15. Method according to one of claims 12 to 14 characterised in that the steps e) and g) are carried out with on-site mixed concrete.

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