EP3093551B1 - Manchon de diffusion de gaz et procede de detection de gaz - Google Patents

Manchon de diffusion de gaz et procede de detection de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3093551B1
EP3093551B1 EP16169355.1A EP16169355A EP3093551B1 EP 3093551 B1 EP3093551 B1 EP 3093551B1 EP 16169355 A EP16169355 A EP 16169355A EP 3093551 B1 EP3093551 B1 EP 3093551B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
gas
gas diffusion
head
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16169355.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3093551A1 (fr
Inventor
André Ernestus
Ali Tahiri
Jörg Clausdorff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wsw Energie & Wasser AG
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Wsw Energie & Wasser AG
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Publication of EP3093551A1 publication Critical patent/EP3093551A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas diffusion sleeve, in particular for an assembly or use that penetrates a floor covering layer that has, for example. Asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, pavement or the like.
  • the invention relates to a gas diffusion sleeve, preferably for a soil covering layer, which preferably has asphalt, poured asphalt, concrete, paving or the like, penetrating assembly, wherein the gas diffusion sleeve has a sleeve head and a sleeve shaft extending along a longitudinal direction of the sleeve, the sleeve head on is fixed, preferably welded, to one longitudinal end of the sleeve shaft and has at least one surface which, when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve, extends outside said one longitudinal end of the sleeve shaft and which faces the other longitudinal end of the sleeve shaft.
  • the invention relates to a method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve, comprising the step of: drilling a hole through a ground covering layer, which preferably has asphalt, mastic asphalt, concrete, pavement or the like or which consists of one or more of these building materials, and in which it it is preferably a road surface, up to or down to a lower layer, the one in comparison to the bottom cover layer has greater permeability for gas, preferably for methane.
  • Gas pipes laid underground are often initially covered by one or more, comparatively good gas-permeable floor layers, e.g. made of mineral mixture, RC filler material, sand or the like, over which at least one layer that is less gas-permeable or even gas-impermeable (or even several almost or completely gas-impermeable) Layers) are applied.
  • the top layer which is also referred to below as the ground cover layer, is such an almost or completely gas-impermeable layer which, for example, consists of asphalt ("in particular of particularly hard, so-called blue concrete"), mastic asphalt, concrete , Plasters or the like can be made.
  • olfactory tubes In order to detect such leaks, it is known in the prior art to introduce so-called olfactory tubes into the ground at distinctive points above the gas line already when the gas lines are laid, following their line course.
  • the lower end of an olfactory tube borders on a curved shell, which is only a short distance above the gas line in the ground or even touches the gas line.
  • There is an opening in the shell through which gas can enter the hollow interior of the olfactory tube from below the shell.
  • the upper end of the olfactory tube is enclosed by a road cap, the top cover of which can be opened in order to put on or let in a gas measuring device to detect a gas leak.
  • DE 94 13 235 U1 discloses a device for determining leaks in underground gas pipes with a device for selectively opening the road surface, a suction device and a measuring probe.
  • the device for selectively opening the road surface consists of an electrically driven hammer drill, and the suction device consists of a side wall blower.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an advantageous replacement for the known combination of olfactory tube and street cap.
  • the aim is that the disadvantages described above can be eliminated as far or as completely as possible.
  • a groove is made in the said surface or a plurality of grooves are made and that the one groove or each of the grooves extends or extends from the outer edge of this surface to the sleeve shaft, in particular to the outside of the sleeve shaft.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that natural gas transported underground in gas lines often contains methane, which has about half the density of air. Methane therefore rises as a gas due to diffusion processes gas permeable layers of soil upwards. If it hits an overlying, less or non-gas-permeable layer, it builds up underneath.
  • a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention can preferably be introduced into a floor in such a way that it penetrates a less or non-gas-permeable floor covering layer (and any layers below it that are likewise not or not gas-permeable) and protrudes into a better gas-permeable layer underneath.
  • gas from the comparatively well gas-permeable bottom layer can diffuse into the hollow interior of the gas diffusion sleeve and rise up therein. It has now been found that, in addition, an upward diffusion transport of gas can take place on the outer surface of the sleeve shaft, as a result of which the gas can also pass through the one or more less or non-gas-permeable layers to the surface of the bottom cover layer, where it can, preferably by means of modern ones highly sensitive measuring devices can be detected.
  • gas diffusion sleeve could also be referred to as a gas leak detection sleeve (GLS sleeve) or a gas leak detection tube (GLS tube). More generally, one could simply speak of a sleeve.
  • Gas diffusion sleeves according to the invention can also be used, for example, if a floor, in particular close to the surface, has a gas-impermeable layer of clay or film or tarpaulin (for example also in the case of contaminated sites) or another layer which is not or only slightly permeable to gas. It has been found that the groove or grooves formed on the sleeve head according to the invention have an advantageous effect on the diffusion-related transport of leakage gas to the surface of a ground cover layer. On the one hand, gas diffusion within the grooves can take place with only a low diffusion resistance; on the other hand, the gas inside the grooves can advantageously relax.
  • the sleeve head is located at the upper longitudinal end of the gas diffusion sleeve, so that the groove or the grooves extend on the underside of the area of the sleeve head which projects laterally relative to the sleeve shaft.
  • the groove or each of the grooves is preferably open on the end face at its outer longitudinal end with respect to the geometrical central longitudinal axis of the sleeve.
  • the groove can either be closed on the end face (for example, through the wall of the sleeve shaft) or, for example, open into a through opening leading through the wall of the sleeve shaft.
  • the gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention thus favors gas detection on the surface of floors which contain at least a layer close to the surface which is not or only slightly permeable to gas, and which are therefore virtually sealed against gas diffusion (for example by means of asphalt).
  • a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention Since the spread in deeper, more gas-permeable soil layers is possible, it is sufficient for a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention to have a shorter length in comparison with known olfactory tubes for a given tube cover. As a result, the cost of materials and the costs can be reduced compared to the prior art.
  • a gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention can have a smaller diameter than known olfactory tubes for this purpose, so that the cost of materials and the corresponding costs can be reduced.
  • gas diffusion sleeves according to the invention can be easily installed, preferably by drilling a hole through an already existing, still closed ground cover layer (for example an asphalt layer) and then inserting the sleeve shaft of the gas diffusion sleeve therein.
  • the workflow is thus fundamentally changed compared to the prior art and considerably simplified, which can save time and costs.
  • a further advantage is seen in the fact that this simple installation can also be carried out by gas supply companies with the appropriate approval, and also subsequently, for example on roadways.
  • gas diffusion sleeve according to the invention the actual measurement of the gas concentration can no longer take place below the surface, for example of a roadway, as in the inside of olfactory tubes, but on the top of the surface layer surface (preferably on a roadway surface). The effort and costs for the measurements themselves are thus also reduced. This is particularly advantageous for regular, i.e. repeated, checking of the gas measuring locations.
  • the gas diffusion sleeves can remain in the ground and be used there as permanent measuring points.
  • the sleeve head can perform several functions. On the one hand, it represents a depth stop when it is inserted into a hole. It also enables the gas diffusion sleeve to be made watertight. In addition, depending on the configuration, it enables noise to be minimized when vehicles are run over and a reduction in the risk of tripping, for example. On the other hand, if the sleeve head is gas-impermeable, the gas first diffused upward along the shaft sleeve must diffuse around the underside of the area of the sleeve head protruding laterally beyond the shaft sleeve in order to reach the surface of the bottom of the bottom cover layer. It has been found that the groove or grooves favor this considerably.
  • the upward diffusing gas is directed radially outward within the groove or grooves.
  • the gas can diffuse outward or upward again (depending on the installation situation) and thus reaches the surface of the floor after a short distance, where the gas detection can take place.
  • Said grooves can have any shape in cross-section, for example a square or triangular shape or a cross-sectional shape that is rounded in the base of the groove, for example.
  • the invention can preferably be used on pavements covered with asphalt, predominantly in inner city areas, but is also suitable for other uses.
  • the invention enables better detection of gas odors or gas concentrations on the surface of the floor and thereby an improvement in safety.
  • the invention also enables the marking of the route of gas pipes.
  • the invention can also improve the street quality by eliminating the known "rattling of the lid” and by eliminating bitumen breakouts in the edge zone area of the known caps. Storage costs can also be reduced compared to the prior art.
  • gas diffusion sleeves There are numerous possibilities for preferred further development of gas diffusion sleeves according to the invention. There is thus the possibility that the one groove or each of the grooves extends or extend in a respective direction running radially to a geometric central longitudinal axis of the sleeve. In this respect, one could also speak of radial grooves.
  • the surface mentioned has surface areas adjacent to the grooves, which extend perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve head has a cover attached to the end of the sleeve shaft, in particular is designed as a cover attached to the sleeve shaft, or has an annular body attached to the end of the sleeve shaft, in particular is designed as an annular body attached to the sleeve shaft.
  • an annular body this is preferably flattened in cross section.
  • the sleeve shaft has a round, in particular circular, or a polygonal, in particular square, tube, in particular is designed as such a tube.
  • the outer edge of the sleeve head follows a circular line continuously or at least in sections, the sleeve head being arranged in particular concentrically to the sleeve shaft.
  • the width of the one groove or each of the grooves is in the range from 2 to 5 millimeters in the groove cross section and / or that the depth of the one groove or each of the grooves is in the range from 1 to 2.5 millimeters.
  • the sleeve shaft has a wall through which numerous through openings extend, the diameter of which is in the range from 2 to 6 millimeters, in particular through openings being formed, each opening into a groove.
  • Through openings are preferably distributed along the circumference of the sleeve shaft and are formed in at least one partial length section.
  • the sleeve shaft, starting from its other longitudinal end, that is, starting from the longitudinal end facing away from the sleeve head is formed in a partial longitudinal section or continuously slotted. Both configurations allow the diffusion-related passage of gas from the inside of the sleeve shaft to the outside (or vice versa), from where the further diffusion can take place upwards.
  • the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft can thus also be used for an upward gas diffusion.
  • the sleeve head designed as a cover closes the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft at its longitudinal end adjacent to the sleeve head or has a through opening in the section adjacent to the hollow interior, the diameter of which is preferably in the range of 1 to 2 millimeters. This enables a direct gas passage through the top of the gas diffusion sleeve and, in view of the small diameter, a water-tight design.
  • the sleeve head designed as an annular body has a central opening, the inside width, in particular the diameter, of which is smaller, in particular 10 to 20 percent smaller than the inside width, in particular the diameter of the sleeve shaft, and into which a closure element, in particular releasably, is used or can be used, the closure element being in particular elastically deformable.
  • a closure element in particular releasably, is used or can be used, the closure element being in particular elastically deformable.
  • the center opening has a circular rim and that the closure element widens conically from a first end surface to a second end surface, the diameter of the center opening being larger than the diameter of the first end surface and smaller than the diameter of the second end surface.
  • a round cross section is preferred in each case.
  • the closure element can preferably be a stopper made of plastic or of another elastic material.
  • the sleeve head on its side facing away from the sleeve shaft has a chamfer or a rounding on its outer edge, in particular all around its circumference. This enables a reduction in rolling noise and a reduction in the risk of tripping.
  • the sleeve head prefferably has a plurality of through openings, in particular evenly spaced apart along its circumference, only a few or all of these through openings each crossing a groove.
  • the through openings can preferably extend along or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the sleeve. You can preferably take over the function of diffusion openings, so that the sleeve head can also be referred to as a flange or, in the case of an embodiment which closes the hollow cross section of the sleeve shaft, as a blind flange.
  • a barb or a plurality of barbs are formed on the sleeve shaft, a respective barb extending from its one end connected to the sleeve shaft in the direction of the sleeve head to a free longitudinal end.
  • the sleeve head has a marking on its outer edge or a plurality of markings spaced apart from one another on the circumference of the outer edge, a respective marking being in particular designed as a notch.
  • a respective marking or notch can have the function of a directional arrow, in particular for identifying the course of gas pipes laid underground.
  • the marking can also contain information about the direction of a pressure drop (or about the direction of flow) and / or about lines branching off at an intersection.
  • the sleeve shaft can preferably have an outer diameter in the range from 20 to 30 millimeters, for example 20 or 22 or 28 millimeters. This enables suitable holes to be drilled into the subsoil by means of drills that are customary in road construction, that is to say already existent, in particular impact drilling.
  • the wall thickness of the sleeve shaft can preferably be a few millimeters, for example in the range from 1 to 4 millimeters.
  • the length of a gas diffusion sleeve can preferably be in the range from 180 to 300 millimeters, but can also be chosen to be smaller or larger.
  • the outer diameter of the sleeve head compared to the diameter of the sleeve shaft is in the range of 2 to 3 times.
  • the length of the sleeve shaft it is preferred that it lies in the range of 6 to 10 times its outer diameter.
  • the thickness of the sleeve head can preferably be in the range from 2 to 4.5 millimeters. It goes without saying, however, that dimensions and size ratios which differ from the preceding information can also be selected.
  • the invention also relates to a gas diffusion sleeve which has one or more of the features described above, characterized by use for preparing the detection or in the detection of gas emerging from an underground gas line on the surface of a ground cover layer, in particular in connection with an application of individual or more of the process steps described below.
  • the above-mentioned method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve is further developed according to the invention in the subject matter of claim 12 in that the method comprises the method steps: providing a gas diffusion sleeve according to one or more of claims 1 to 11 and inserting the sleeve shaft into the bore.
  • the method can also include the provision or application of the abovementioned floor covering layer on a substrate before the bore is produced.
  • the ground cover layer can, for example, be a top ground covering that is common in road construction.
  • a floor covering layer is preferably envisaged which has a lower permeability for gas, for example for natural gas or at least for the methane contained therein, in comparison to one or more underlying layer layers. In the undamaged state, there is preferably no gas permeability in the floor covering layer or it is so low that one can speak of an almost gas-tight floor layer.
  • the bore can preferably be drilled in a percussive manner, ie preferably by means of an impact drill.
  • the diameter of the bore can correspond to the diameter of the sleeve shaft or, in comparison, can be somewhat larger or somewhat smaller.
  • the sleeve shaft can, for example, be introduced into the bore in a beating manner.
  • the floor covering layer covers, for example, a further gas-tight or essentially gas-tight floor layer in the previously explained sense.
  • the floor covering layer can be applied directly to a floor layer with a gas permeability that is higher or significantly higher than that.
  • the floor covering layer alone or the floor covering layer together with one or more further gas-tight or in the previously explained sense essentially gas-tight floor layers can have a thickness in the range from 5 to 50 centimeters.
  • This thickness can preferably be matched to the thickness of one or more layers below that a pipe cover (this is the vertical distance between the center of the pipe cross section and the upper surface of the bottom cover layer) in the range of 90 to 150 centimeters for a laid gas line results.
  • the depth of the borehole can preferably be selected such that the borehole extends only up to a few centimeters below the lowest, only slightly or not gas-permeable, layer of the bottom. This also has the advantage that the bore does not have to be brought close to the gas pipe and corresponding risks can be reduced.
  • a plurality of gas diffusion sleeves can also be introduced into the ground at a distance from one another, for example following the course of an underground pipeline.
  • gas diffusion sleeves can also be arranged at prominent locations, such as above line crossings.
  • the hole is drilled into the ground cover layer at a location that is within an imaginary geometric circular cone, the cone tip of which lies within an underground gas pipe, and which starts from the cone tip with a cone angle of 60 degrees related to the cone cross section extends up to the surface of the ground cover layer.
  • the cone angle corresponds to the opening angle of the cone, that is to say, in a cross section through the longitudinal center line of the cone, the angle between the two obliquely opposite cone surfaces.
  • the bore is preferably made in the bottom cover layer at a location in the vicinity of which there are no other through openings in the bottom cover layer. This counteracts the undesired escape of gas at a location distant from the measuring point.
  • gas diffusion sleeve is inserted into the bore until the sleeve head with its underside surface into which the groove or grooves is or are seated sits on the surface of the bottom cover layer adjacent to the bore.
  • a recess is made in the bottom cover layer concentrically or essentially concentrically, the cross section of which is oriented transversely to a normal to the bottom surface corresponds to the cross section of the sleeve head oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of the sleeve or is slightly larger in comparison thereto, and the latter Depth corresponds to the extension of the sleeve head in the sleeve longitudinal direction (or is slightly larger in comparison). This enables the gas diffusion sleeve to be inserted into the bore such that the sleeve head is received in the recess.
  • the invention also includes a method for the detection of gas emerging from an underground gas line, comprising the method for installing a gas diffusion sleeve according to one or more of the features described above and comprising at least the following method steps: providing a measuring device for detecting gas, in particular natural gas, or of at least one component of natural gas, measuring the concentration of the gas, in particular natural gas, above the surface of the ground cover layer, in particular above the sleeve head and / or over the outer edge of the sleeve head.
  • the one to be detected Gas is about methane. This is contained in natural gas, which is often transported in underground gas pipes.
  • a measuring device suitable for measuring methane concentrations can be used.
  • the detection of the gas methane allows conclusions to be drawn about the presence or the detection of natural gas, so that it is possible to detect, for example, natural gas that emerges from a gas line.
  • Figure 1 shows on the basis of a trench profile an arrangement known from the prior art, which in connection with in Figure 1 Measuring devices, not shown, can be used to detect gas 2 'flowing out of an underground gas line 1'.
  • the gas line 1 runs in a layer 3' of sand.
  • a smell hood 9' When laying the gas line 1 ', a smell hood 9' was arranged slightly above, on the top of which a sniff pipe 10 'leading vertically upwards is attached.
  • a sniff pipe 10 'leading vertically upwards In the olfactory hood 9 'there is an opening through which gas emerging from the gas line 1' can penetrate into the interior of the olfactory tube 10 'after penetrating a thin layer of sand and, depending on the gas, rise therein.
  • the layers 3 'to 5' were arranged around the olfactory tube 10 '.
  • a road cap 11 ' Before the bitumen base layer 6 'and the layer 7' of mastic asphalt were applied, a road cap 11 'was placed, the top of which was a removable one Has cover 12 '.
  • the smelling tube 10 ' extends with its upper end into the interior of the road cap 11'.
  • the bitumen base layer 6' and the layer 7 'of mastic asphalt were applied and compacted in the edge region adjacent to the road cap 11'.
  • the production of this known arrangement is complex and costly.
  • the cover 12' is removed in such arrangements, so that a (in Figure 1 not shown) measuring device can be lowered inside the olfactory tube 10 'for the measurement. Gas measurement is therefore also complex and expensive.
  • FIGS Figures 3 to 8 show a section of a floor cross section of a gas line 1 running below a closed roadway 13, within which natural gas is transported in the example.
  • the natural gas contains methane, which is referred to below as gas with the reference number 2.
  • the gas line 1 lies in a layer 3 of sand, which can have a grain size of 0 to 2 millimeters, for example.
  • a layer 4 of RC filler material which can have a grain size of 0 to 56 millimeters, for example.
  • the layers 3, 4 and 5 have a comparatively high gas permeability due to their grain size.
  • Layer 5 is covered by a bitumen base layer 6, over which a likewise closed layer 7 of mastic asphalt was applied. The latter forms the surface 8 of the carriageway 13.
  • the bitumen base layer 6 and the layer 7 have such a low gas permeability that the ones underneath Layers 3 to 5 are sealed gas-tight to the top.
  • the bitumen base layer and the layer 7 together can have a thickness a of 5 to 50 cm, while the so-called pipe cover b, which is measured from the center of the gas line 1 to the surface 8, for example, can be 90 to 150 cm. It goes without saying that other layer thicknesses are also possible and that the layers can also be formed from other materials. If gas 2 escapes at a leak in the gas line 1, the gas 2 can diffuse through the layers 3, 4 and 5. If, like methane contained in natural gas, it is lighter gas than air, diffusion also has an upward movement component. Contour 14, 14 'schematically indicates a possible gas expansion area in gas-permeable layers 3 to 5. Below the gas-impermeable layer 6, gas 2 diffusing upward accumulates.
  • Figure 2a shows an example of an intermediate step in the practice of the method according to the invention for installing the gas diffusion sleeve 15. This was done using a conventional, therefore in Figure 2a not shown with impact drill from the surface 8 a hole 16 down through the layer 7 of mastic asphalt and the bitumen base layer 6.
  • the layer 7 of mastic asphalt is also referred to as the ground cover layer 17.
  • the bore 16 extends down into the layer 5 of mineral mixture.
  • an imaginary, geometric circular cone 18 is entered. Its tip lies on the center line of the gas line 1.
  • the on the in Figure 2a shown cone cross-section related cone angle ⁇ is 60 degrees.
  • the circular cone 18 thus extends from its tip in the cone angle ⁇ upwards rotationally symmetrically to the surface 8 of the roadway 13.
  • Figure 2a illustrates that the location at which the bore 16 was made is within the circular cone 18.
  • FIG. 2b shows an exemplary state resulting after execution of a further method step of the method according to the invention.
  • a gas diffusion sleeve 15 was provided, which has a sleeve shaft 19 with a sleeve head 20 attached to it and which extends along a sleeve longitudinal direction L. Perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the sleeve, the sleeve head 20 has a larger cross section than the sleeve shaft 19.
  • Figure 2b shows that the gas diffusion sleeve 15 with its sleeve shaft 19 has been inserted into the bore 16 from above until the sleeve head 20 is seated on the surface 8 of the roadway 13.
  • the length of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is selected such that it extends through the layer 7 and the bitumen base layer 6 into the layer 5.
  • the diameter of the bore 16 was selected to be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the sleeve shaft 19 and the sleeve shaft 19 was introduced into the bore 16 in a manner that struck from above.
  • Figure 3 shows an enlargement of section III in Figure 2b , This symbolically indicates that gas 2 diffusing from bottom to top diffuses upwards both in the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 and along the outside of the sleeve shaft 19, through radially extending grooves 21 formed on the underside of the sleeve head 20 and reaches the surface 8.
  • the sleeve head 20 designed as a cover 22 there is a through opening 23 in the center through which gas 2 rising in the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 can escape upwards.
  • barbs 24 are formed spaced apart from the sleeve head 20 on the sleeve shaft 19, each of which extends from its one longitudinal end connected to the sleeve shaft 19 in the direction of the sleeve head 20 towards a free longitudinal end.
  • the barbs 24 are thereby formed that a U-shaped slot is introduced into the wall of the sleeve shaft 19, the ends of which are directed away from the sleeve head 20, and that the free longitudinal ends of the tongues formed in this way are bent radially outward.
  • the barbs 24 protrude elastically outwards and make it difficult or impossible to pull the sleeve shaft 19 out of the bore 16 unintentionally.
  • the openings formed on the barbs 24 advantageously fulfill the function of exiting from Permit gas 2 diffusing at the top from the inside of the sleeve shaft 19 to the outside (and vice versa).
  • gas 2 reaches on the one hand through the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 and on the other hand between the outer surface of the sleeve shaft 19 and the surrounding layers and then to the surface 8 in the manner already described.
  • the surface 8 can be by means of a measuring device not shown in the figures, a measurement of the gas concentration of the gas 2, for example the concentration of methane (contained in natural gas) is carried out.
  • a measurement of the gas concentration of the gas 2 for example the concentration of methane (contained in natural gas) is carried out.
  • the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is pressed a little deeper into the ground, as exemplified in FIG Figure 3a is shown.
  • the grooves 21 facilitate gas diffusion to the outer edge of the sleeve head 20, from where the gas 2 can diffuse through the joint between the sleeve head 20 and the layer 7 to the surface 8 and can be detected there.
  • the sleeve head 20 is a plate-shaped cover 22 with a circular outer edge 25 and with the central through opening 23 already mentioned.
  • the sleeve head is fastened to the one longitudinal end 26 of the sleeve shaft 19, in the example by means of a welded joint 27.
  • the sleeve head forms a surface 28 which is in the plane of the drawing Figure 5 and thus also in a projection view directed in the longitudinal direction L of the sleeve, that is to say in an imaginary projection of the contours of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 onto a viewing plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the sleeve, outside the longitudinal end 26 of the sleeve shaft 19.
  • Figure 4 shows that the surface 28 faces the other longitudinal end 29 of the sleeve shaft 19.
  • four grooves 21 are made in the surface 28 in the example. Each groove 21 extends from the outer edge 30 of the surface 28 towards the sleeve shaft 19.
  • the grooves 21 are open at the end on the outer edge 25.
  • each groove 21 extends inwards to the outside of the sleeve shaft 19, so that the welded connection 27 is interrupted at each mouth of a groove 21.
  • the sleeve shaft 19 is a tube 31 with a circular cross section.
  • the outer edge 25 of the sleeve head 20, which in the example coincides with the outer edge 30, extends like the cross section of the tube 31 concentrically to the sleeve longitudinal center axis M.
  • the surface 28 comprises four surface areas 32, each of which is one Surface area 32 extends in the circumferential direction between two adjacent grooves 21.
  • each surface area 32 extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the sleeve.
  • the illustration in the figures is not to scale. In the example it is provided that the depth of each groove 21 starting from the surface 28 is for example 2 millimeters and that the width of the grooves 21 perpendicular to this in the groove cross section is for example 4 millimeters.
  • the sleeve head 20 has on its side facing away from the sleeve shaft 19, which in the in Figure 3 shown installation position shows up on its outer edge 25 on its circumference a chamfer 33.
  • the sleeve head 20 sits on the surface 8 of the roadway 13 after the installation of the gas diffusion sleeve 15.
  • the bevel 33 reduces noise when the gas diffusion sleeve 15 is passed over, in particular by car tires, and the risk of stumbling for pedestrians is reduced.
  • the gas diffusion sleeve 15 can “retract” over time, so that finally the surface 34 opposite the lower surface 28 lies flush or in a plane with the surface 8. This is in Figure 3a shown.
  • Figure 8 is additionally indicated schematically that the exemplary embodiment could be modified by forming four through bores 48, for example parallel to the longitudinal axis M of the sleeve, in the cover 22, of which one through bore 48 each intersects a groove 21.
  • FIGS. 9 to 12 show a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention according to a second preferred embodiment.
  • features comparable to the first embodiment are identified with the same reference numerals for a better overview.
  • numerous through openings 36 extend through the wall 35 of the sleeve shaft 19 in the radial direction, the diameter of which in the example is 2 millimeters.
  • the through openings 36 extend in a longitudinal section of the sleeve shaft 19 adjoining the sleeve head 20, in the example up to approximately half its length.
  • the through openings 36 allow gas 2 which diffuses upwards in the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19 to diffuse outward through the through openings 36 and there, in particular along the outer surface of the sleeve shaft 19, to further diffuse up to the sleeve head 20. Gas arriving there can be distributed beneath the sleeve head 20 along the surface 28 and reaches the grooves 21, in which it can relax and diffuse radially outwards to the outer edge 25. If the sleeve head 20 is seated on a surface 8 of a bottom cover layer 17, the gas can escape directly from the radially outer end opening of the grooves 21 into the surroundings, where it can be detected by means of a measuring device.
  • the gas present at the radially outer longitudinal end of the grooves 21 can pass from there through a joint between the sleeve head 20 and the adjacent bottom layer, for example a layer 7 Mastic asphalt, diffuse upwards into the environment.
  • the cover 22 is closed on the end face, ie has no through opening 23 extending along the longitudinal direction L of the sleeve.
  • the Figures 13 to 16 relate to a third exemplary embodiment of a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention.
  • the sleeve head 20 is not designed there as a cover but as an annular body 37 and is welded to the one longitudinal end 26 in an arrangement concentric with the sleeve shaft 19.
  • the ring body 37 was placed against the end face of the sleeve shaft 19 there and fastened to it by means of the welded joint 27.
  • the ring body 37 has a central opening 38.
  • a closure element 39 can be inserted in a releasably sealing manner therein.
  • the plug is made of plastic, the outer contour 40 of which widens slightly conically from a first circular end face 41 to a second circular end face 42.
  • the diameters of the end faces 41, 42 are matched to the diameter of the central opening 38 in such a way that how Figure 16 illustrated, the closure element 39 can be inserted into the hollow interior of the gas diffusion sleeve 15 with a slight elastic deformation through the central opening 38, a force-locking connection being created due to the elastic deformation.
  • two holes 43 are made in the wall 35 of the sleeve shaft 19, opposite one another on the circumference, into which a locking pin 44, which extends diametrically through the hollow interior of the sleeve shaft 19, is pressed in a captive manner.
  • the locking pin 44 limits the insertion depth of the closure element 39, so that its upper end face 45 lies in one plane with the end surface 34 of the sleeve head 20.
  • FIG Figure 17 A fourth exemplary embodiment of a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention is shown in FIG Figure 17 shown.
  • the sleeve shaft 19 is formed from a tube 31 which is square in cross section.
  • the Figures 18 and 19 show a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment.
  • the sleeve head 20 has two markings 46 on its outer edge 25, which are diametrically opposite one another on the circumference.
  • each of the marks 46 is a notch educated.
  • the gas diffusion sleeve 15 was installed in the ground with respect to a gas line 1 underneath so that its sleeve longitudinal central axis M either intersected or ran close to the longitudinal central axis X of the gas line 1 and that an imaginary connecting line between the tips of the notches 46 parallel to that geometric longitudinal central axis X of the gas line 1 runs.
  • the markings 46 thereby designate the position and the course of an underground gas line 1.
  • FIG Figure 19 shown on the surface 34 for explanatory purposes such as the inscription "Gas” and "HD”, where HD denotes a high-pressure line.
  • FIGs 20, 21 show a somewhat modified sixth embodiment of a gas diffusion sleeve 15 according to the invention.
  • three markings 46 are formed on the edge 25 of the sleeve head 20, each as a notch.
  • a third marking has been added, which is spaced 90 degrees from the other two markings on the circumference.
  • Figure 21 illustrates that the gas diffusion sleeve 15 can be installed above an underground gas line 1, from which a line 47 branches off, in such a way that the two markings 46 lying opposite one another on the circumference mark the direction of the gas line 1, while the added third mark 46 in the direction of FIG Line 47 shows.
  • it is a low pressure line, which is identified by the label ND.
  • a gas diffusion sleeve 15 which is characterized in that the one groove 21 or each of the grooves 21 extends or extend in a respective direction extending radially to a geometrical longitudinal axis M of the sleeve.
  • a gas diffusion sleeve 15 which is characterized in that, in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve, the outer edge 25 of the sleeve head 20 follows a circular line continuously or at least in sections, the sleeve head 20 being arranged, in particular, concentrically with the sleeve shaft 19.
  • Gas diffusion sleeve 15 characterized in that the width of the one groove 21 or each of the grooves 21 is in the range of 2 to 5 millimeters and / or that the depth of the one groove 21 or each of the grooves 21 is in the range from 1 to 2.5 millimeters.
  • a gas diffusion sleeve 15 which is characterized in that the central opening 38 has a circular rim and that the closure element 39 widens conically from a first end surface 41 to a second end surface 42, the diameter of the central opening 38 being larger than the diameter of the first end surface 41 and is smaller than the diameter of the second end face 42.
  • a gas diffusion sleeve 15 characterized by a use for preparing the detection or in the detection of gas emerging from an underground gas line 1 on the surface 8 of a bottom cover layer 17.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15), en particulier pour un montage à travers une couche de revêtement de sol (17) comportant en particulier de l'asphalte, de l'asphalte coulé, du béton, un pavage ou analogue, dans lequel le manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) présente une tête de manchon (20) et un corps de manchon (19) s'étendant le long d'une direction longitudinale de manchon (L), dans lequel la tête de manchon (20) est fixée, en particulier soudée, à une extrémité longitudinale (26) du corps de manchon (19) et présente au moins une surface (28) qui, dans une observation en projection suivant la direction longitudinale (L) du manchon, s'étend à l'extérieur de ladite extrémité longitudinale (26) du corps de manchon (19) et qui est tournée vers l'autre extrémité longitudinale (29) du corps de manchon (19), caractérisé en ce qu'une ou plusieurs rainures (21) sont ménagées dans ladite surface (28), et en ce que la rainure (21) ou chacune des rainures (21) s'étend depuis le bord extérieur (30) de cette surface (28) en étant dirigée vers le corps de manchon (19), en particulier jusqu'au côté extérieur du corps de manchon (19).
  2. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la rainure (21) ou chacune des rainures (21) s'étend dans une direction radiale respective par rapport à un axe géométrique longitudinal central (M) du manchon et/ou en ce que ladite surface (28) présente des zones de surface (32) adjacentes aux rainures (21) qui s'étendent perpendiculairement ou sensiblement perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale (L) du manchon.
  3. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans une observation en projection suivant la direction longitudinale (L) du manchon, ladite surface (28) de la tête de manchon (20) s'étend en continu autour du corps de manchon (19) le long de sa périphérie.
  4. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tête de manchon (20) présente un couvercle (22) fixé au côté frontal du corps de manchon ou un corps annulaire (37) fixé au corps de manchon (19) en particulier côté frontal, et/ou
    en ce que la tête de manchon (20) présente du côté opposé au corps de manchon (19), un chanfrein (33) ou un arrondi sur son bord extérieur (25), en particulier sur sa circonférence, et/ou
    en ce que la tête de manchon (20) présente plusieurs ouvertures de passage, en particulier à intervalles réguliers les unes par rapport aux autres le long de sa circonférence, dans lequel seulement certaines de ces ouvertures de passage ou toutes croisent chacune une rainure (21), et/ou en ce que la tête de manchon (20) présente sur son bord extérieur (25) un marquage (46) ou plusieurs marquages (46) espacés les uns des autres sur la périphérie du bord extérieur (25), dans lequel un marquage respectif (46) est réalisé en particulier sous la forme d'une encoche.
  5. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le corps de manchon (19) présente un tube (31) rond, en particulier circulaire, ou polygonal, en particulier quadrangulaire, et/ou
    en ce que le corps de manchon (19) présente une paroi (35) à travers laquelle s'étendent plusieurs ouvertures de passage (36) dont le diamètre est situé dans la plage allant de 2 à 6 millimètres, dans lequel, en particulier, sont formées des ouvertures traversantes qui débouchent chacune dans une rainure respective (21) et/ou
    en ce qu'un ardillon (24) ou plusieurs ardillons (24) sont formés sur le corps de manchon (19), dans lequel un ardillon respectif (24) s'étend depuis son extrémité reliée au corps de manchon (19) vers une extrémité longitudinale libre dans la direction de la tête de manchon (20).
  6. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans une section transversale perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du manchon, le bord extérieur (25) de la tête de manchon (20) suit une ligne circulaire de manière continue ou au moins par sections, dans lequel la tête de manchon (20) est disposée en particulier concentriquement au corps du manchon (19).
  7. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la largeur d'une rainure (21) ou de chacune des rainures (21) est située dans la plage allant de 2 à 5 millimètres et/ou en ce que la profondeur d'une rainure (21) ou de chacune des rainures (21) est située dans la plage allant de 1 à 2,5 millimètres.
  8. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tête de manchon (20) réalisé sous la forme d'un couvercle (22) ferme l'espace intérieur creux du corps de manchon (19) à son extrémité longitudinale (26) adjacente à la tête de manchon (20) ou présente dans la partie adjacente à l'espace intérieur creux une ouverture traversante (23) dont le diamètre est de préférence situé dans la plage allant de 1 à 2 millimètres.
  9. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tête de manchon (20) réalisée sous la forme d'un corps annulaire (37) présente une ouverture centrale (38) dont la largeur libre est inférieure, en particulier de 10 à 20 %, à la largeur libre du corps de manchon (19) et dans laquelle est inséré ou susceptible d'être inséré un élément de fermeture (39), en particulier de manière amovible, dans lequel l'élément de fermeture (39) est déformable en particulier de manière élastique.
  10. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture centrale (38) présente un bord circulaire et en ce que l'élément de fermeture (39) s'élargit coniquement depuis une première surface frontale (41) à une deuxième surface frontale (42), dans lequel le diamètre de l'ouverture centrale (38) est supérieur au diamètre de la première surface frontale (41) et inférieur au diamètre de la deuxième surface frontale (42).
  11. Manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une utilisation pour préparer la détection ou lors de la détection de gaz s'échappant d'un conduit de gaz souterrain (1) à la surface (8) d'une couche de revêtement de sol (17).
  12. Procédé d'installation d'un manchon de diffusion de gaz (15), comprenant l'étape de :
    réalisation d'un forage (16) à travers une couche de revêtement de sol (17) comprenant en particulier de l'asphalte, de l'asphalte coulé, du béton, un pavage ou similaire ou constituée d'un ou plusieurs de ces matériaux de construction, et qui est en particulier une surface routière, jusqu'à ou dans une couche plus profonde (3, 4, 5) ayant une perméabilité aux gaz, en particulier au méthane, supérieure à la couche de revêtement de sol (17), caractérisé en ce que le procédé comporte les étapes de :
    fourniture d'un manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes ; et
    insertion du corps de manchon (19) dans le forage (16).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le forage (16) est réalisé dans la couche de revêtement de sol (17) à un emplacement qui est situé à l'intérieur d'un cône circulaire géométrique imaginaire (18) dont la pointe se situe dans une conduite de gaz souterraine (1) et qui s'étend depuis la pointe vers le haut selon un angle de cone (a), relativement à la section conique, de 60° jusqu'à la surface (8) de la couche de revêtement de sol (17), et/ou
    en ce que le manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) est inséré dans le forage (16) jusqu'à ce que la tête de manchon (20) repose avec sa surface inférieure (28) dans laquelle sont ménagées la rainure (21) ou les rainures (21), sur la surface (8) de la couche de revêtement de sol (17) adjacente au forage (16).
  14. Procédé de détection de gaz (2) s'échappant d'un conduit de gaz souterrain (1), comprenant le procédé d'installation d'un manchon de diffusion de gaz (15) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 12, 13 et comprenant au moins les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    fourniture d'un instrument de mesure pour la détection de gaz (2), en particulier de gaz naturel ou d'au moins un composant du gaz naturel,
    mesure de la concentration du gaz, en particulier du gaz naturel ou du composant de gaz naturel, au-dessus de la surface (8) de la couche de revêtement de sol (17), en particulier au-dessus de la tête de manchon (20) et/ou au-dessus du bord extérieur (25) de la tête de manchon (20).
EP16169355.1A 2015-05-13 2016-05-12 Manchon de diffusion de gaz et procede de detection de gaz Active EP3093551B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015107546.6A DE102015107546B4 (de) 2015-05-13 2015-05-13 Gasdiffusionshülse und Verfahren zur Gasdetektion

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EP3093551A1 EP3093551A1 (fr) 2016-11-16
EP3093551B1 true EP3093551B1 (fr) 2020-01-15

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EP (1) EP3093551B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015107546B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK3093551T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2780223T3 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112411285B (zh) * 2020-11-04 2022-04-05 黄雪松 一种市政工程道路铺设结构

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH31280A (de) 1904-07-07 1905-03-15 Otto Wilhelmi Einrichtung an unterirdischen Gasleitungen zur Feststellung von undichten Stellen an denselben
GB337879A (en) * 1929-08-31 1930-11-13 Robert Malvos Improvements in and relating to the detection and localising of gas leakages from street and other mains
US2742266A (en) * 1953-03-27 1956-04-17 Frank J Voelkerding Gas or liquid line leak detector probe
DD13000A1 (de) 1954-09-04 1957-04-01 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren zum aufschluss von kieseläurereichen tonerdehaltigen stoffen
DE9413235U1 (de) * 1994-08-17 1994-10-06 Sewerin Hermann Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung von Leckstellen in unterirdisch verlegten Gasleitungen
DE29510447U1 (de) 1995-06-28 1995-09-07 Sewerin Hermann Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Ortung von Leckstellen in unterirdisch verlegten Gasleitungen
US6405135B1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2002-06-11 John J. Adriany System for remote detection and notification of subterranean pollutants

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
EP3093551A1 (fr) 2016-11-16
DK3093551T3 (da) 2020-04-14
DE102015107546A1 (de) 2016-11-17
ES2780223T3 (es) 2020-08-24
DE102015107546B4 (de) 2017-03-09

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