EP3044527B1 - Vorrichtung zur rückgewinnung von dämpfen aus einem kryotank - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur rückgewinnung von dämpfen aus einem kryotank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3044527B1
EP3044527B1 EP14784279.3A EP14784279A EP3044527B1 EP 3044527 B1 EP3044527 B1 EP 3044527B1 EP 14784279 A EP14784279 A EP 14784279A EP 3044527 B1 EP3044527 B1 EP 3044527B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
compression unit
outlet
evaporation gas
boil
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Application number
EP14784279.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3044527A2 (de
Inventor
Mathias Ragot
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Cryostar SAS
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Cryostar SAS
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Publication of EP3044527A2 publication Critical patent/EP3044527A2/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F17C2265/036—Treating the boil-off by recovery with heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for recovering evaporation gas from a cryogenic tank.
  • the field of the present invention is for example the transport of cryogenic liquids.
  • a cryogenic liquid is placed in a thermally insulated tank but despite the good thermal insulation achieved, heat exchanges between the inside of the tank and the outside occur. These exchanges lead to a supply of energy from the outside to the inside of the tank and lead to a vaporization on the one hand of the liquid in the tank. This vaporization tends to increase the pressure in the tank concerned. To limit this increase in pressure, the vaporized liquid is taken as gas out of the tank.
  • evaporation gas taken from the reservoir can be treated in various ways.
  • the recovered evaporation gas can also be treated to be reliqued and then reintroduced into the reservoir.
  • cryogenic liquid can be used as a fuel
  • LNG Korean acronym for Liquid Natural Gas or French Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the recovered evaporation gas can be used for the propulsion of the transport vehicle, generally a ship (LNG carrier).
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a cryogenic liquid evaporation gas recovery system which, depending on the needs, can supply a motor with high pressure gas and / or reliquefy this recovered evaporation gas.
  • a medium / high pressure compressor bringing the natural gas at pressures of the order of 10 to 300 bars (ie 1 to 30 MPa).
  • the engine gas requirements vary and all or part of the recovered evaporation gas is compressed to power the engine or is sent to a device. allowing its reliquefaction.
  • the evaporation gas which goes to a reliquefaction device is conventionally at a pressure of at least 4 bar (ie 0.4 MPa) and at a temperature of the order of -100 to + 40 ° C. As mentioned above, after reliquefaction, the resulting liquid returns to the cryogenic liquid tank.
  • the document WO-2009/126604 discloses a liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage and regasification site with a reliquefaction unit in which the evaporation vapors from storage tanks are reliqued and recycled to the LNG storage tanks to control reservoir pressure and Wobbe index.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the cold LNG is used for the reliquefaction and operational flexibility is obtained by feeding a part of the pressurized evaporation gas to a fuel gas collector and / or to be recondensed by the LNG emitted.
  • the document WO-2007/117148 illustrates a method and apparatus for preheating a liquefied natural gas evaporation stream exiting a reservoir of a reliquefaction system prior to its compression.
  • the method consists in thermally exchanging the flow of evaporation gas in a first heat exchanger with a flow of a second cooling stream having a higher temperature than the evaporation gas flow, the second cooling flow being obtained by a selective division of a first cooling stream in the second cooling stream and a third cooling stream, the latter being injected into a first cooling passage of a cold box of the reliquefaction system.
  • the evaporation gas thus reaches near-ambient temperatures prior to compression and the cold from the evaporation gas is substantially transferred to the reliquefaction system.
  • the cold evaporation gas is thermally exchanged with the cooling stream, which has a temperature higher than that of the evaporation gas before the evaporation gas. heat exchange.
  • the present invention thus aims to provide a device for recovery of cryogenic liquid evaporation gas intended to supply, on the one hand, a compression unit for an engine and, on the other hand, a reliquefaction system, said evaporation gas recovery device having an energy consumption scaled down.
  • the proposed device will prevent any pollution of the gas supplying the compression unit and intended for an engine.
  • this device will be simple design and a limited cost.
  • the evaporation gas from the cryogenic tank is heated by compressed gas within the compression unit at a pressure less than or equal to the engine supply pressure, and the reliquefaction system is fed by compressed gas within the compression unit at a pressure less than or equal to the engine supply pressure, possibly cooled by the evaporation gas supplying the compression unit.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous in terms of energy consumption.
  • the technology of the compression unit allows it, one can take a part of the compressed evaporation gas, before it reaches its nominal pressure (corresponding to the supply pressure of the engine) to feed the reliquefaction system.
  • this compressed gas is cooled by the evaporation gas supplying the compression unit. This is favorable, on the one hand, because it is preferable to heat the evaporation gas before it enters the compression unit and, on the other hand, it is also preferable to cool the gas that enters the unit. reliquefaction system.
  • the evaporation gas recovery device is such that the compression unit has an inlet, a first outlet on the engine supply pressure and a second output at an intermediate pressure, and that the second output is connected, on the one hand, to the exchanger and, on the other hand, to a three-way valve, said three-way valve having an input connected directly to the second output, an input fed with gas from the second output after passing through the exchanger and an output to the reliquefaction system.
  • an expansion valve is advantageously arranged upstream of the reliquefaction system.
  • the expansion valve can be located either downstream of the assembly formed by the exchanger and the three-way valve, but it is preferably upstream of this assembly to limit the risk of having liquid inside the exchanger.
  • the compression unit is non-lubricated.
  • this compression unit advantageously comprises at least one unlubricated compression stage upstream of at least one lubricated compression stage.
  • An outlet at an intermediate pressure upstream of the lubricated compression stages can then be envisaged.
  • a gas treatment unit for example a coalescer or active carbon filter
  • the evaporation gas recovery device is such that the reliquefaction system comprises a closed loop of refrigerant fluid supplying at least one heat exchanger for cooling the evaporation gas entering the reliquefaction system.
  • a single heat exchanger can be used to perform, on the one hand, the heating of the evaporation gas from the tank before entering the compression unit and, on the other hand, the cooling of the gas of evaporation entering the reliquefaction system implementing the closed loop of refrigerant.
  • a closed loop of coolant When a closed loop of coolant is provided, it contains for example essentially nitrogen.
  • the following description is made with reference to a vessel on which there is at least one tank 2 of cryogenic liquid. It is usual on a ship to have several tanks or a partitioned tank to avoid pitching problems. Only one tank will be considered here, but it is clear to those skilled in the art to apply the teaching of this document to several tanks. It is assumed later that it is LNG (Liquid Natural Gas), that is to say liquefied natural gas.
  • LNG Liquid Natural Gas
  • the vessel then has at least one engine (not shown) that operates using compressed natural gas as a fuel.
  • LNG evaporation gas is recovered in the tank 2, compressed in a compression unit 4 to be sent by a supply line 6 to the engine where it will then be used as fuel .
  • This evaporation gas is commonly referred to as BOG (for Boil Off Gas). He comes from heat exchanges that are inevitable, whatever the insulation of the tank 2, between the LNG stored at temperatures generally of the order of -160 ° C and outside.
  • An evaporation gas pipe 8 thus connects an upper part of the tank 2 to an inlet of the compression unit 4.
  • An exchanger 10 is disposed on this pipe upstream of the compression unit 4. It allows here to heat up the cold evaporation gas from the tank 2 before its introduction into the compression unit 4.
  • the compression unit 4 generally comprises several stages of compression because it is necessary to have a supply pressure for the engine which, according to the engine, is generally between 10 and 300 bar (ie between 1 and 30 MPa).
  • the first compression stages are represented diagrammatically by a first stage 12 while the last stages are shown schematically in the figures only by a second stage 14.
  • the supply line 6 is connected to the output of the second stage 14 in the illustrated configurations. to the drawing.
  • a cooling of the gas can be provided after each stage of the compression unit.
  • the corresponding exchangers conventionally called “intercoolers” or “aftercoolers” are not illustrated in the drawing.
  • the compression unit 4 has in the illustrated embodiments an intermediate outlet supplying evaporation gas at an intermediate pressure lower than the supply pressure of the engine upstream of the second stage 14.
  • this intermediate outlet is made upstream of the lubricated compression stages, that is to say before that the evaporation gas may possibly be in contact with lubricant.
  • the intermediate outlet then feeds a pipe 16 which extends from the compression unit 4, and more precisely from its intermediate outlet, to a three-way valve 18.
  • An inlet of the three-way valve 18 is supplied directly by the pipe 16 from the intermediate outlet of the compression unit 4.
  • This pipe 16 has upstream of the three-way valve 18 a branch which forms a branch 19. The latter therefore leaves the pipe 16, feeds the exchanger 10 against the current of the cold evaporation gas from the tank 2 to heat it, then ends with a connection to a second inlet of the three-way valve 18.
  • An outlet of the three-way valve 18 then feeds a reliquefaction system 20.
  • a valve 22 is provided downstream of the three-way valve 18 and upstream of the reliquefaction system 20
  • the valve 22 upstream of the three-way valve 18, that is to say on the pipe 16, directly at the intermediate outlet of the compression unit 4 for example.
  • This valve 22 in its various positions, makes it possible to adjust the pressure of the evaporation gas entering the reliquefaction system 20 by reducing it. During this pressure reduction of the evaporation gas, the temperature of the latter also decreases.
  • the reliquefaction system 20 is of a type known to those skilled in the art. It operates for example according to the Brayton cycle and comprises a closed loop of nitrogen 24.
  • the latter conventionally comprises a first exchanger 26 and a second exchanger 28 allowing a thermal exchange between the nitrogen and the evaporation gas, a turbine 30, a compressor 32 and a third exchanger 34 for effecting heat exchange within the nitrogen of the closed nitrogen loop 24.
  • the evaporation gas cooled and liquefied within the first heat exchanger 26 and the second heat exchanger 28 is generally directly returned to the tank 2 through a line 29.
  • the evaporation gas contains a large amount of inert gas (mainly water) nitrogen)
  • the lower part of the separator has an outlet which makes it possible to supply a return line 38 to the tank 2, possibly via a pump 40.
  • the upper part of the separator 36 allows the evacuation of inert gases through a degassing pipe 42 controlled by a valve or to join the evaporation gas directly from the tank 2 being reinjected by an injection line 44 in the pipe ite 8.
  • the variant embodiment of the figure 2 provides only one exchanger 50 in place of the first exchanger 26 and the second exchanger 28 of the reliquefaction system 20 of the figure 1 .
  • the amount of evaporation gas resulting from the heat exchange between the tank (s) and the outside is substantially constant.
  • the consumption of the engines varies.
  • the amount of evaporation gas not used by the engines is then preferably reliquefied.
  • the evaporation gas recovery devices described above make it possible to adapt the production of high pressure gas for the engine supply and the reliquefaction of the evaporation gas not used by the engine (s).
  • the construction is relatively modular and the number of exchangers required can be limited.
  • the solutions proposed here therefore make it possible to adapt to various configurations encountered on board a ship, or else at the level of a recovery installation of LNG or another cryogenic liquid.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Verdampfungsgas aus einem Kryotank (2), welche aufweist:
    - eine Kompressionseinheit (4), die mehrere Kompressionsstufen aufweist, wobei die Einheit eine Gaszufuhr aus dem Kryotank (2) und einen Gasauslass mit einem Motorversorgungsdruck aufweist,
    - ein Wiederverflüssigungssystem (20), das einen Flüssigkeitsauslass zum Kryotank (2) aufweist,
    - einen Wärmetauscher (10), der zwischen dem Kryotank (2) und der Kompressionseinheit (4) angeordnet ist, um Gas vor seinem Eintritt in das Verflüssigungssystem zu kühlen und somit das Verdampfungsgas aus dem Tank (2) vor seinem Eintritt in die Kompressionseinheit (4) zu erwärmen,
    - Mittel zum Erwärmen des Verdampfungsgases aus dem Kryotank (2) mithilfe von Gas, das im Inneren der Kompressionseinheit (4) auf einen Druck komprimiert wurde, der niedriger oder gleich dem Motorversorgungsdruck ist, und
    - Mittel zum Versorgen des Wiederverflüssigungssystems (20) mit Gas, das im Inneren der Kompressionseinheit (4) auf einen Druck komprimiert wurde, der niedriger oder gleich dem Motorversorgungsdruck ist, und eventuell durch das der Kompressionseinheit (4) zugeführte Verdampfungsgas gekühlt wurde,
    wobei die Kompressionseinheit (4) einen Einlass, einen ersten Auslass mit dem Motorversorgungsdruck und einen zweiten Auslassmit einem Zwischendruck aufweist, und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Auslass einerseits mit dem Wärmetauscher (10) und andererseits mit einem Dreiwegeventil (18) verbunden ist, wobei das Dreiwegeventil (18) einen Einlass, der direkt mit dem zweiten Auslass verbunden ist, einen Einlass, dem vom zweiten Auslass stammendes Gas nach seinem Durchgang durch den Wärmetauscher (10) zugeführt wird, und einen Auslass zum Wiederverflüssigungssystem (20) aufweist.
  2. Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Verdampfungsgas nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Druckminderventil (22) stromaufwärts des Wiederverflüssigungssystem (20) angeordnet ist.
  3. Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Verdampfungsgas nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Druckminderventil (22) stromabwärts einer Anordnung angeordnet ist, die von dem Wärmetauscher (10) und dem Dreiwegeventil (18) gebildet wird.
  4. Anordnung, welche wenigstens einen Kryotank, einen Motor, der Hochdruckerdgas als Kraftstoff verwendet, und eine Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Verdampfungsgas aus den Kryotanks aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Verdampfungsgas eine Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Verdampfungsgas nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 ist.
  5. Schiff zum Transport von Flüssigerdgas, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Verdampfungsgas nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 aufweist.
EP14784279.3A 2013-09-12 2014-09-11 Vorrichtung zur rückgewinnung von dämpfen aus einem kryotank Active EP3044527B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1316227.6A GB201316227D0 (en) 2013-09-12 2013-09-12 High pressure gas supply system
FR1455931A FR3010508B1 (fr) 2013-09-12 2014-06-25 Dispositif de recuperation de vapeurs issues d'un reservoir cryogenique
PCT/FR2014/052258 WO2015036708A2 (fr) 2013-09-12 2014-09-11 Dispositif de récupération de vapeurs issues d'un réservoir cryogénique

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DK (1) DK3044527T3 (de)
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EP3044527A2 (de) 2016-07-20
DK3044527T3 (da) 2019-05-20
JP6449304B2 (ja) 2019-01-09
WO2015036708A3 (fr) 2016-03-03
KR20160055830A (ko) 2016-05-18
FR3010508B1 (fr) 2019-03-29
JP2016530468A (ja) 2016-09-29
FR3010508A1 (fr) 2015-03-13
TR201905721T4 (tr) 2019-05-21
ES2725613T3 (es) 2019-09-25
GB201316227D0 (en) 2013-10-30
KR102242784B1 (ko) 2021-04-20
US20160216029A1 (en) 2016-07-28
CN105593114A (zh) 2016-05-18
WO2015036708A2 (fr) 2015-03-19

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