CN105593114A - 用于回收来自低温罐的蒸汽的装置 - Google Patents

用于回收来自低温罐的蒸汽的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105593114A
CN105593114A CN201480054321.8A CN201480054321A CN105593114A CN 105593114 A CN105593114 A CN 105593114A CN 201480054321 A CN201480054321 A CN 201480054321A CN 105593114 A CN105593114 A CN 105593114A
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China
Prior art keywords
gas
boil
reclaiming
tank
pressure
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Pending
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CN201480054321.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
M·拉戈
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Cryostar SAS
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Cryostar SAS
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Publication of CN105593114A publication Critical patent/CN105593114A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/036—Treating the boil-off by recovery with heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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Abstract

本装置包括：具有多级的压缩单元(4)，所述单元被供应来自低温罐(2)的气体并在电机供应压力下供应气体；再液化系统(20)，其具有液体到所述低温罐(2)的出口；和交换器(10)，其布置在所述低温罐(2)和所述压缩单元(4)之间，以在蒸发气体进入所述压缩单元(4)之前加热来自所述罐(2)的所述蒸发气体。来自所述低温罐(2)的所述蒸发气体由在所述压缩单元(4)内被压缩至低于所述电机供应压力的压力的气体加热。所述再液化系统(20)被供应在所述压缩单元(4)内被压缩至低于所述电机供应压力的压力的气体。

Description

用于回收来自低温罐的蒸汽的装置
本发明涉及一种用于回收来自低温罐的蒸发气体的装置。
本发明的领域是例如低温液体的运输。在运输过程中，低温液体被放置在隔热罐中，但是，尽管实施了令人满意的隔热，但是还会在罐的内部与外部之间发生热交换。这些交换导致来自外部的能量加到罐的内部并导致罐中的液体的一部分蒸发。该蒸发趋于增加所涉及的罐中的压力。为了限制压力的这种增加，蒸发液体以气体形式从罐中移除。
根据低温液体的性质(和因此对应气体的性质)，在罐中收集的蒸发气体可以各种方式来处理。因此，例如，人们可考虑简单地将其排到大气中。也可处理回收的蒸发气体以便被再液化且然后再引入罐中。
在其中低温液体可用作燃料的情况下，例如，如果低温液体是LNG(液化天然气的英文缩写)，那么回收的蒸发气体可用于驱动运输车辆(一般是船(甲烷运输船))。
本发明更具体地涉及一种用于从低温液体的蒸发回收气体的系统，这使得可能根据需要来供应高压气体发动机和/或再液化该回收的蒸发气体。为了对运行的发动机供应天然气，通常设置中/高压压缩机，这使天然气的压力为10巴至300巴的数量级(即1MPa至30MPa)。根据船的速度，发动机的气体需求变化且所有的回收蒸发气体或其中一部分被压缩，以便供应发动机，或该气体被发送至装置以对其进行再液化。
进入再液化装置的蒸发气体通常在至少4巴(或0.4MPa)的压力下且在约-100至+40℃的温度下。如上所述，在再液化之后，所获得的液体返回低温液体罐。
文献WO-2007/117148图示了一种使得可能在其压缩之前预热来自再液化系统的罐的蒸发液化天然气流的方法和装置。所述方法包括使蒸发气体流在第一热交换器中经受与温度高于蒸发气体流的第二冷却流的热交换，第二冷却流通过将第一冷却流选择地划分为该第二冷却流和第三冷却流来获得，后者被注入再液化系统的冷箱的第一冷却通路中。蒸发气体因此在其压缩之前达到接近环境温度，且源自蒸发气体的冷气基本上转移至再液化系统。在压缩步骤之前，为了将蒸发气体预热至接近环境温度，冷却蒸发气体经受与冷却流的热交换，在热交换之前，所述冷却流处于高于蒸发气体的温度的温度下。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种装置，其用于回收用于一方面供应用于发动机的压缩单元，且另一方面供应再液化系统的低温液体的蒸发气体，所述装置用于回收具有减少功耗的蒸发气体。
有利地，所提出的装置将使得可能完全防止供应压缩单元且旨在用于发动机的气体的污染。优选地，该装置的设计简单且生产成本低。
为此，本发明提出了一种用于回收来自低温罐的蒸发气体的装置，其包括：
-具有若干压缩级的压缩单元，所述单元被供应来自低温罐的气体并在发动机供应压力下传输气体，
-再液化系统，其具有液体到低温罐的出口，
-交换器，其布置在低温罐和压缩单元之间，以便在气体进入液化系统之前冷却所述气体并由此在蒸发气体进入所述压缩单元之前加热来自所述罐的蒸发气体。
根据本发明，来自低温罐的蒸发气体由在压缩单元内被压缩至低于或等于发动机供应压力的压力的气体加热，且再液化系统被供应在压缩单元内被压缩至低于或等于发动机的供应压力的压力的气体，任选地由供应压缩单元的蒸发气体冷却。
该构造被发现在功耗方面是特别有利的。以非常原始的方式，当压缩单元的技术许可时，压缩蒸发气体的一部分可在其达到其设定点压力(对应于发动机的供应压力)之前被移除，以便供应再液化系统。此外，该压缩气体由供应压缩单元的蒸发气体冷却。有利的是，一方面，因为优选的是在蒸发气体进入压缩单元之前加热蒸发气体，且另一方面，还优选的是冷却进入再液化系统的气体。
为了提高再液化系统的入口处的压力和温度的控制，提出用于回收蒸发气体的装置是这样的，使得压缩单元包括入口、发动机供应压力下的第一出口和中间压力下的第二出口，且第二出口一方面连接至交换器，且另一方面连接至三通阀，所述三通阀具有直接连接至第二出口的入口；在来自第二出口的气体穿过交换器中之后被供应所述气体的入口；和至再液化系统的出口。
为了使得可能在进入液化系统之前降低压力(和温度)，膨胀阀有利地布置在再液化系统的上游。当装置还装有三通阀时，膨胀阀可处于由交换器和三通阀形成的单元的下游，但优选处于该单元的上游，以便限制在交换器内部具有液体的危险。
为了限制其随后被再液化的蒸发气体污染的危险，有利地假设压缩单元没有被润滑。否则，该压缩单元有利地包括至少一个润滑压缩级的至少一个非润滑压缩级上游。然后可考虑润滑压缩级的中间压力上游处的出口。而且，也可能考虑用于处理气体的单元(例如，凝聚过滤器或活性炭过滤器)的安装，以便避免或至少限制朝向再液化系统夹带油。
在一个实施方案中，根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置的特征在于，再液化系统包括制冷剂流体的闭合环路，所述制冷剂流体供应至少一个交换器以用于冷却进入再液化系统的蒸发气体。
在该实施方案中，单个交换器可用于实施一方面在蒸发气体进入压缩单元之前加热来自罐的蒸发气体，且另一方面使用制冷剂流体的闭合环路冷却进入再液化系统的蒸发气体。
当设置了制冷剂流体的闭合环路时，例如环路本质上包含氮气。
本发明还涉及：
-一种单元，其包括至少一个低温罐、使用中或高压天然气作为燃料的发动机，和用于回收来自所述低温罐的蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，用于回收蒸发气体的装置是如上所述用于回收蒸发气体的装置，和
-一种用于输送液化天然气的船，其特征在于，所述船包括如上所述用于回收蒸发气体的装置。
在参考所附示意图提供的以下描述中，本发明的细节和优点将变得更加明显，其中：
图1示意地示出用于回收来自低温罐的蒸发气体的装置的第一实施方案，
图2是第一实施方案变型的类似于图1的图的视图，且
图3是第二实施方案变型的类似于图1和图2的图的视图。
参考载有至少一个低温液体罐2的船作出以下描述。通常，船上有若干罐，或有一个罐，这些罐被特别分区以避免波荡问题。在这里将考虑单个罐，但对于本领域技术人员很显然的是，该文档的教导适用于多个罐。在下面，假设，使用LNG(液体天然气的英文缩写)，即液化天然气。船然后包括以压缩天然气作为燃料运行的至少一个发动机(未示出)。
为了对发动机供应压缩天然气，从LNG蒸发的气体被回收在罐2中、在压缩单元4中压缩，以便由供应管线6向发动机发送(在该发动机中，所述气体然后用作燃料)。该蒸发气体通常称为英文缩写BOG(汽化气体)。不管罐2的保温如何，在LNG(一般在-160℃的量级的温度下存储)与外部之间都会发生不可避免的热交换。
用于蒸发气体的管8因此将罐2的上部分连接至压缩单元4的入口。交换器10布置在压缩单元4的该管上游。在这里，该交换器使得可能在被引入压缩装置4之前对来自罐2的蒸发气体加热。
压缩单元4一般包括若干压缩级，因为合适的是具有用于发动机的供应压力，根据发动机，该供应压力一般在10巴和300巴之间(或1MPa和30MPa之间)。第一压缩级由第一级12示意地表示，而最后级在图中仅由第二级14示意地表示。在图中所示的构造中，供应管线6连接至第二级14的出口。通常，可在压缩单元的每个级之后提供气体的冷却。通常称为“中间冷却器”或“后冷却器”的对应交换器未在图中描绘。
在所示的实施方案中，压缩单元4具有中间出口，其在第二级14的上游处在低于发动机的供应压力的中间压力下传输蒸发气体。优选地，为了防止将被液化的气体污染的任何风险，当压缩单元4具有润滑压缩级和非润滑压缩级时，该中间出口放置在润滑压缩级的上游，即在蒸发气体风险之前，潜在地与润滑剂接触。
中间出口然后供应从压缩单元4，且更精确地，从其中间出口延伸至三通阀18的管16。三通阀18的入口直接由管16从压缩单元4的中间出口供应。在三通阀18的上游处，该管16具有形成分支19的旁路。分支因此从管16开始、相对于来自罐2的冷蒸发气体逆流地供应交换器10以便将其加热，且然后其结束于与三通阀18的第二入口的连接。三通阀18的出口然后供应再液化系统20。优选地，阀22设置在三通阀18的下游和再液化系统20的上游。然而，也可能考虑将阀22布置在三通阀18的上游，即在管16上(例如直接在压缩单元4的中间出口处)。该阀22(在其不同位置处)使得可能通过减小蒸发气体的压力来调整进入再液化系统20的蒸发气体的压力。在该减小蒸发气体的压力的过程中，后者的温度也降低。
再液化系统20是本领域技术人员已知的类型。该系统例如根据Brayton循环操作并包括封闭氮气环路24。后者通常包括使得能在氮气和蒸发气体之间进行热交换的第一交换器26和第二交换器28、涡轮30、压缩机32，和用于使闭合氮气环路24的氮气进行热交换的第三交换器34。
在第一交换器26内和第二交换器28内冷却和液化的蒸发气体一般通过管线29的方式直接被发送回罐2。当蒸发气体包含大量惰性气体(主要是氮气)时，有利的是对蒸发气体液化并通过管线41发送蒸发气体，使得蒸发气体在其可在略低于再液化单元20内部的压力的压力下操作的分离器36内流动。分离器的下部分具有出口，该出口使得可能通过泵40的方式将返回管线38供应至罐2。分离器36的上部分允许惰性气体通过由阀控制的排气管42的方式抽空，或通过注入管线44被重新注入管8中加入直接来自罐2的蒸发气体。
图2的实施方案变型仅提供了一个交换器50，而不是图1的再液化系统20的第一交换器26和第二交换器28。
在图3中，在相同交换器60内部，实施一方面，直接来自罐2的蒸发气体和被压缩至中间压力的蒸发气体之间的交换，且另一方面，再液化系统内的制冷剂流体(氮气)和被液化的蒸发气体之间的交换。在本实施方案变型中，假设运行来自压缩单元4的中间出口进入交换器60的流经管16的整个流。因此所表示的实施方案不包括三通阀，但对于本领域技术人员明显的是，也可在本实施方案中提供这样的阀。
在输送低温液体的船中，由(多个)罐和外部之间的热交换产生的蒸发气体的量基本上是恒定的。另一方面，发动机的消耗变化。发动机未使用的蒸发气体的量然后优选被再液化。如上所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置使其可能适应高压气体的生产以用于供应发动机并对(多个)发动机未使用的蒸发气体再液化。
这里提出在压缩单元中的中间压力下“提取”蒸发气体的量以供应(多个)发动机。在直接来自罐的蒸发气体和中间压力下的蒸发气体之间实施的热交换使得可能优化用于回收蒸发气体的装置的功耗。在所示的实施方案中，使用膨胀阀22，其位于热交换的上游或下游以便优化蒸发气体进入重新进入再液化系统20的压力条件。根据中间压力下的蒸发气体的性质，三通阀的可能存在使得可能在蒸发气体进入再液化系统之前更好地控制蒸发气体的温度。
以上所示的变型因此使得可能优化功耗，一方面用于压缩蒸发气体并供应(多个)发动机，且另一方面，用于再液化(多个)发动机未使用的蒸发气体。
如本实施方案变型所示，结构相对模块化且可能限制所需交换器的数量。因此这里提出的解决方案使得可能适应在用于回收LNG或另一种低温液体的船上或安装现场遇到的各种构造。
本发明不限于上述实施方案和所提到的其它变型。本发明还涉及下面权利要求书的背景中的本领域技术人员所及范围内的任何实施方案。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于回收来自低温罐(2)的蒸汽的装置，其包括：
-具有若干压缩级的压缩单元(4)，所述单元被供应来自所述低温罐(2)的气体并在发动机供应压力下传输气体，
-再液化系统(20)，其具有液体到所述低温罐(2)的出口，
-交换器(10)，其布置在所述低温罐(2)和所述压缩单元(4)之间，以便在气体进入所述液化系统之前冷却所述气体并由此在蒸发气体进入所述压缩单元(4)之前加热来自所述罐(2)的所述蒸发气体，
其特征在于，来自所述低温罐(2)的所述蒸发气体由在所述压缩单元(4)内被压缩至低于或等于所述发动机供应压力的压力的气体加热，且特征在于
所述再液化系统(20)被供应在所述压缩单元(4)内被压缩至低于所述发动机的所述供应压力的压力的气体，任选地由供应所述压缩单元(4)的所述蒸发气体冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，所述压缩单元(4)包括入口、所述发动机供应压力下的第一出口和中间压力下的第二出口，
特征在于，所述第二出口一方面连接至所述交换器(10)，且另一方面连接至三通阀(18)，所述三通阀(18)具有直接连接至所述第二出口的入口；在来自所述第二出口的气体穿过所述交换器(10)中之后被供应所述气体的入口；和至所述再液化系统(20)的出口。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，膨胀阀(22)布置在所述再液化系统(20)的上游。
4.根据权利要求2和3所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，所述膨胀阀(22)布置在由所述交换器(10)和所述三通阀(18)形成的单元的下游。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，所述再液化系统(20)包括制冷剂流体的闭合环路(24)，所述制冷剂流体供应至少一个热交换器(26、28；50；60)以用于冷却进入所述再液化系统(20)的蒸发气体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，单个交换器(60)用于实施一方面在蒸发气体进入所述压缩单元之前(4)加热来自所述罐(2)的所述蒸发气体，且另一方面通过所述制冷剂流体的闭合环路(24)冷却进入所述再液化系统(20)的所述蒸发气体。
7.根据权利要求5或权利要求6所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，所述制冷剂流体的闭合环路(24)本质上包含氮气。
8.一种单元，其包括至少一个低温罐、使用高压天然气作为燃料的发动机，和用于回收来自所述低温罐的蒸发气体的装置，其特征在于，用于回收蒸发气体的所述装置是根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置。
9.一种用于输送液化天然气的船，其特征在于，所述船包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的用于回收蒸发气体的装置。
CN201480054321.8A 2013-09-12 2014-09-11 用于回收来自低温罐的蒸汽的装置 Pending CN105593114A (zh)

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