EP3024985B1 - Structure de régulation des eaux et élément de couverture correspondant - Google Patents

Structure de régulation des eaux et élément de couverture correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3024985B1
EP3024985B1 EP14753321.0A EP14753321A EP3024985B1 EP 3024985 B1 EP3024985 B1 EP 3024985B1 EP 14753321 A EP14753321 A EP 14753321A EP 3024985 B1 EP3024985 B1 EP 3024985B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
control structure
projection
cladding
structure according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14753321.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3024985A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Hill
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HILL INNOVATIONS BV
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HILL INNOVATIONS BV
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Publication of EP3024985A1 publication Critical patent/EP3024985A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-control structure, comprising a control structure body which is exposed, at least on one side, to the effects of a body of water, and adjacent cladding elements which cover the control structure body and which each comprise a base, and adjacent bases of the cladding elements between themselves define passages for allowing water through, wherein the adjacent cladding have projections, wherein the cladding elements are covered by a covering layer which is provided between and above the projections.
  • a water-control structure is known from US-A-2002/154950 .
  • the cladding elements which could be made, for example, from concrete, ensure that the control structure body is better protected against the effects of the water, in particular against the effects of waves.
  • the control structure body may be made of, for example, sand, clay or mixtures thereof with hard core, and would run the danger of being swept away or eroded if it were directly exposed to water.
  • the base of the cladding elements is usually configured such that a certain percentage of open spaces are left between adjacent bases, so that water which has entered the control structure body is able to escape without the cladding being forced upwards from below as a result of water pressure.
  • These open spaces may comprise a filling of, for example, hard core or gravel.
  • This hard core results in the cladding elements performing a clamping action on each other.
  • the upper side of the cladding elements has a shape which is adapted to the circumstances determined by the body of water, and may, for example, in particular be suitable for dissipating wave energy.
  • Water-control structures may be configured in various ways. By way of example, water-control structures whose free surface is formed by the top of the cladding elements are mentioned. Other water-control structures have a soil layer which determines the top surface. In the latter cases, it is very important that this soil layer is securely anchored with respect to the control structure body. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved stabilizing action for this latter type of water-control structures.
  • a water-control structure according to claim 1.
  • the covering layer such as a soil layer
  • the covering layer is stabilized by the fact that it is anchored on the underside by means of the projections of the cladding elements which protrude therein.
  • the covering layer is securely fixed, even when it is subjected to the effects of water currents, waves and the like. It is not readily possible to make the complete covering layer slide with the water, not even as a result of the inclined position which the soil layer often has. This retaining effect is partly due to the projections each being embedded in the covering layer around the entire periphery thereof.
  • the cladding elements are configured such that they have one and only one projection which is upright with respect to the base. As a result thereof, the production is facilitated.
  • the projections are embedded in the soil layer on all sides, thus ensuring a good retaining action on the soil layer.
  • each projection is according to the invention at a distance from every other projection and does not touch any other projection.
  • the cladding elements with covering layer may be situated on the side which faces the body of water, and/or on the side which faces away from the body of water.
  • the covering layer also offers protection against water which swaps over the water-control structure.
  • crumbling can be prevented.
  • the cladding consisting of adjacent cladding elements and/or adjacent damping elements extends across the crown of the control structure body and across at least one side in an uninterrupted manner.
  • the cladding extends across both sides and the crown in an uninterrupted manner.
  • Such a continuous cladding has various advantages. Firstly, such a cladding forms a skin which stabilizes the climate in the dike. As a result thereof, the control structure body is prevented from becoming too wet in the winter and too dry in the summer. This stabilizing effect is particularly important in the case of peat dikes, since the formation of cracks due to the control structure body drying out can thereby also be prevented. It is found that, in practice, problems occur mainly in the locations at the transitions in the cladding.
  • the cladding element may be configured in different ways.
  • the base may have an approximately substantially square periphery.
  • the sides of the base are convexly curved and adjoin one another via an obtuse internal angle.
  • the cladding element has a basic shape which is square, with the sides of the base being slightly convexly curved to the outside.
  • adjacent cladding elements Due to these slightly convexly shaped sides, adjacent cladding elements only contact one another to a limited degree and mutually enclose open spaces. As has already been mentioned, these open spaces may contain gravel or hard core which promotes the mutual retaining action of the cladding elements. Such a series of adjacent cladding elements has an acceptable percentage of open spaces, so that no great water pressures can occur underneath the cladding.
  • the sides of the base are directed obliquely towards one another, in an upward direction.
  • the cross section of the base in the upward direction may decrease monotonously up to and including the attachment of the projection at the base.
  • Hard core can be dumped in the gaps which are thus created between the bases of the cladding elements, and exert a clamping action and consequently a retaining action on the cladding elements.
  • the projection may have different shapes; thus, the cross section of the projection may be circular. Alternatively, the cross section of the projection may be approximately square, but other shapes, such as triangular, are also possible. Furthermore, the surface of the cross section of the projection may decrease in the upward direction. As a result thereof, the soil layer can penetrate well up to and around the cladding elements. In this connection, the surface of the top of the projection may be smaller than any cross section of the projection; optionally, the cross section of the projection in the upward direction may decrease monotonously up to and including the top.
  • the above-described water-control structure offers a multiple, fail-safe protection. This is the result of the construction which consists of, successively, the cladding elements, the soil layer dumped on top thereof and the grass layer, which together form a continuous top layer. This top layer provides the desired water-control properties. However, if the grass layer were to be washed away for some reason, followed by the soil layer, the layer of cladding elements still offers stable protection. As a result thereof, the control structure body remains protected against attacks by water sweeping over the dike.
  • the invention relates to a cladding element for a water-control structure as described above, comprising a base and one and only one projection which is upright with respect to the base, wherein the surface of the cross section of the projection decreases in the upward direction up to the top of the projection.
  • a cladding element is preferably made of concrete.
  • the shape of the cladding element is preferably detachable, that is to say that the cladding element which is produced in a mould can be removed from said mould in one piece. This can be achieved if the cross section of the projection decreases monotonously from the base in the upward direction up to the top of the projection.
  • the base itself may likewise have such a detachable shape.
  • the water-control structure illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 consists of the control structure body 1, made of for example sand, clay and the like, and the cladding 2.
  • This cladding 2 in turn consists of the cladding elements 3, as illustrated on a larger scale in Fig. 2 , with the soil layer 4 on top.
  • This soil layer may be covered with grass 5.
  • the water-control structure has a side 10 which faces a body of water 12 and a side 11 which faces away from the latter.
  • the cladding elements 3 each consist of a base 6 and a projection 7 which is vertical with respect to the base, as is also shown in perspective in Figs. 3 and 4 .
  • the projection 7 has smaller cross sections than the base 6; as a result of which there is a leap in the cross sections of the cladding element 3 at the transition between the projection and the base.
  • the projection 7 has circular cross sections whose radius becomes increasingly smaller from the base 6.
  • the soil layer 4 can readily penetrate as far as between the projections 7.
  • the roots 19 of the grass 5 could also penetrate between the projections 7 and also between the bases 6 of the cladding elements 3 as far as into the control structure body 1, which is advantageous for the stability of the cladding 2.
  • the projections 7 have circular cross sections. The gaps between the cladding elements taper upwardly, although this cannot be seen in Figs. 3-5 .
  • the base 6 of the cladding elements 3 has sides 8 which are curved slightly convexly, so that gaps 9 between adjacent sides 8 of neighbouring cladding elements 3 are prevented. Furthermore, the sides may recede slightly in the upward direction, so that the gaps between the sides 8 of neighbouring cladding elements 3 taper downwardly in the shape of a wedge.
  • the stability of the cladding layer is greatly improved due to mutual clamping of the cladding elements.
  • the water-permeability is maintained due to the gaps, so that a build-up of pressure from water behind the cladding elements is prevented or limited. This also has an advantageous effect on the stability of the layer of cladding elements 3.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further possible embodiment of a dike, in which cladding 2 comprising cladding elements 3 with a soil layer 4 on top is only present on the side facing the body of water 12. This cladding 2 is only provided in the area which is influenced by the body of water 12.
  • the other parts of the dike are constructed in a traditional style.
  • Fig. 7 shows a dike which is provided with the cladding elements 6 according to the invention on the side 11 facing away from the body of water. These cladding elements retain the soil layer 4, even if water were to pour over the dike.
  • damping elements 15 are provided, each consisting of a base 6, a neck 16 and a head 17. These damping elements 15 are suitable for damping the waves to which the dike is exposed.
  • the water which strikes the side 10 of the dike is tempered in the damping spaces 14 which are situated between the heads 17 and necks 16 of the damping elements 15.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau, comprenant un corps de structure de maîtrise (1) qui est exposé, au moins d'un côté (10, 11), aux effets d'une masse d'eau (12), et des éléments de parement (3) adjacents qui recouvrent le corps de structure de maîtrise (1) et qui comprennent chacun une base (6), et les bases (6) adjacentes des éléments de parement (3) entre elles définissent des passages pour permettre le passage d'eau à travers ceux-ci, dans laquelle les parements adjacents comprennent des protubérances (7), dans laquelle les éléments de parement (3) sont recouverts d'une couche de recouvrement (5) qui est prévue entre les protubérances (7) et au-dessus de celles-ci, caractérisée en ce que les côtés (8) de la base (6) sont incurvés de manière convexe et sont adjacents l'un à l'autre par un angle interne obtus, en ce que les éléments de parement (3) ont une seule et unique protubérance libre (7) qui est verticale par rapport à la base (6), en ce que chaque protubérance (7) est située à distance de chacune des autres protubérances (7) et n'est en contact avec aucune autre protubérance (7), et en ce que les protubérances (7) sont intégrées chacune dans la couche de recouvrement (5) autour de leur périphérie entière.
  2. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle un côté (10) qui est pourvu d'éléments de parement (3) est orienté vers la masse d'eau (12).
  3. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle un côté (11) qui est pourvu d'éléments de parement (3) est orienté à l'opposé de la masse d'eau (12).
  4. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la base (6) a une périphérie à peu près sensiblement carrée.
  5. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les côtés (8) de la base (6) sont dirigés obliquement les uns vers les autres, dans une direction vers le haut.
  6. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la section transversale de la protubérance (7) est circulaire.
  7. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle la section transversale de la protubérance (7) est à peu près carrée.
  8. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la surface (5) de la section transversale de la protubérance (7) diminue dans la direction vers le haut.
  9. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la surface du sommet de la protubérance (7) est plus petite que la section transversale de la protubérance qui est contiguë à la base (6) et est de préférence plus petite que n'importe quelle section transversale de la protubérance.
  10. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la section transversale de la protubérance (7) diminue de façon monotone dans la direction vers le haut jusqu'à et y compris le sommet.
  11. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la section transversale de la base (6) diminue de façon monotone dans la direction vers le haut jusqu'à et y compris la fixation de la protubérance (7) au niveau de la base.
  12. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le corps de structure de maîtrise (1) a un côté (10) qui est orienté vers la masse d'eau (12) et un côté (11) qui est orienté à l'opposé de la masse d'eau.
  13. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle le côté (11) orienté à l'opposé de la masse d'eau (12) est pourvu des éléments de parement (3) et le côté (10) orienté vers la masse d'eau est pourvu d'éléments d'amortissement (15).
  14. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le corps de structure de maîtrise (1) est recouvert d'un parement (2) consistant en des éléments de parement (3) adjacents et/ou des éléments d'amortissement (15) adjacents, lequel parement (2) s'étend sur la couronne (18) du corps de structure de maîtrise (1) et au moins un côté (10, 11) d'une manière ininterrompue.
  15. Structure de maîtrise de l'eau selon la revendication 14 lorsqu'elle dépend des revendications 2 et 3, dans laquelle le parement (2) des éléments de parement (3) adjacents et/ou des éléments d'amortissement (15) adjacents s'étend sur la couronne (18) et les deux côtés (10, 11) d'une manière ininterrompue.
EP14753321.0A 2013-07-22 2014-07-22 Structure de régulation des eaux et élément de couverture correspondant Not-in-force EP3024985B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2011206A NL2011206C2 (nl) 2013-07-22 2013-07-22 Waterkering alsmede bekledingselement daarvoor.
PCT/NL2014/050500 WO2015012687A1 (fr) 2013-07-22 2014-07-22 Structure de régulation des eaux et élément de couverture correspondant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3024985A1 EP3024985A1 (fr) 2016-06-01
EP3024985B1 true EP3024985B1 (fr) 2017-11-15

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EP14753321.0A Not-in-force EP3024985B1 (fr) 2013-07-22 2014-07-22 Structure de régulation des eaux et élément de couverture correspondant

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US (1) US20160160462A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3024985B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2919146A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL2011206C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015012687A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD808543S1 (en) * 2016-06-01 2018-01-23 Hill Innovations B.V. Cast stone
WO2019088836A1 (fr) 2017-10-31 2019-05-09 Volkerwessels Intellectuele Eigendom B.V. Élément de placage et barrage présentant un tel élément de placage
CN116657640B (zh) * 2022-02-18 2024-01-19 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种建造在深厚覆盖层上的混合挡水坝

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DE3530186A1 (de) * 1985-08-23 1987-03-05 Gerd Drespa Oekologisches schutzdeckwerk fuer fliessende und stehende gewaesser
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3024985A1 (fr) 2016-06-01
NL2011206C2 (nl) 2015-01-27
US20160160462A1 (en) 2016-06-09
WO2015012687A1 (fr) 2015-01-29
CA2919146A1 (fr) 2015-01-29

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