Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C269/02—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from isocyanates with formation of carbamate groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/20—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/6725—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen containing ester groups other than acrylate or alkylacrylate ester groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/68—Unsaturated polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/7806—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups
  • C08G18/7818—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups
  • C08G18/7837—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups containing allophanate groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/81—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/8141—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates masked
  • C08G18/815—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/8158—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/8175—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with esters of acrylic or alkylacrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
  • C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09D175/16—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

• the present invention describes a novel process for the preparation
• Urethane acrylates based on caprolactone-modified resins are known e.g. from US 4,188,472.
• 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate is reacted with epsilon-caprolactone ring-opening in the presence of various catalysts based on titanium or tin or organic acids (sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid) and the resulting product is then reacted with diisocyanates to urethane.
• DE 10246512 describes preparing low-viscosity polyisocyanates by reacting oxadiazinetrione-containing polyisocyanates with alcohols which contain at least one double bond polymerizable by electromagnetic radiation.
• WO 07/05901 1 and WO 07/059070 describe urethane (meth) acrylates with allophanate groups which contain incorporated fluorinated alcohols.
• the (meth) acrylate groups are incorporated in each case via urethane groups.
• EP 783008 describes urethane (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting polyisocyanates with alcohols containing (meth) acrylate groups.
• the (meth) acrylate groups are incorporated in each case via urethane groups.
• the object of the present invention was to develop urethane (meth) acrylates which combine good scratch resistance, good elasticity and low viscosity.
• a divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, which may optionally be substituted by C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups and / or interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, preferably having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular preferably 2 to 8 and most preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms,
• R 2 are each independently of one another methyl or hydrogen, preferably hydrogen,
• R 3 is a divalent alkylene radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may optionally be substituted by Cr to C 4 -alkyl groups and / or interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, preferably from 2 to 10, more preferably from 3 to 8 and most preferably from 3 to Having 4 carbon atoms,
• R 4 denotes a divalent organic radical which is formed by conceptual abstraction of two isocyanate groups from a polyisocyanate (D) which contains at least one hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate bound via an allophanate group, and n and m independently of one another have positive numbers from 1 to 5 , preferably 2 to 5, particularly preferably 2 to 4, very particularly preferably 2 to 3 and in particular 2 to 2.5.
• the double bond density of the urethane (meth) acrylate according to the invention measured in mol of (meth) acrylate groups per kg of urethane (meth) acrylate, is generally from 2 to 4 mol / kg, preferably from 2.4 to 3.4 and more preferably 2.6 to 3.0 mol / kg.
• Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of such urethane (meth) acrylates, in which in a first step, a hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate (A) of the formula
• n and m can also assume odd-numbered values on a statistical average, but are of course even in relation to each individual molecule of the above formula.
• C 1 -C 4 -alkyl in this specification means methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or fer-butyl, preferably methyl, ethyl and n-butyl and especially preferably methyl.
• radical R 1 examples are 1,2-ethylene, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene, 1,1-dimethyl-1,2- ethylene, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,10-decylene or 1,12-dodecylene.
• Butylene most preferably 1,2-ethylene.
• radical R 3 examples are methylene, 1,2-ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,3-butylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene , 1,5-hexylene, 1,6-hexylene, 1,8-octylene, 1,10-decylene, 1,12-dodecylene, 2-oxa-1,4-butylene, 3-oxa-1, 5-pentylene or 3-oxa-1, 5-hexylene, preference is given to 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,5-hexylene and 1,12-dodecylene, particular preference is given to 1,5-hexylene pentylene.
• Particularly preferred hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates (A) are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol mono (meth) acrylate, neopentylglycol mono (meth) acrylate, 1 , 5-pentanediol mono (meth) acrylate and 1,6-hexanediol mono (meth) acrylate, very particularly preferred are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate and 1,4-butanediol mono (meth) acrylate, in particular 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate.
• the acrylates are in each case preferred over the methacrylates.
• the lactone (B) has the following formula
• Preferred lactones are beta-propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-ethyl-gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, delta-valerolactone, epsilon-caprolactone, 7-methyloxepan-2-one, 1,4-dioxepan-5-one, oxacyclotridecane 2- ⁇ and 13-butyl-oxacyclotridecan-2-one.
• gamma-butyrolactone gamma-butyrolactone, delta-valerolactone and epsilon-caprolactone, very particularly preferred is epsilon-caprolactone.
• catalysts (C) are selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, manganese, nickel, zinc, cobalt, zirconium and bismuth compounds, preferably titanium.
• metal complexes such as acetylacetonates of iron, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, manganese, nickel, zinc and cobalt are possible.
• zirconium, bismuth, titanium and aluminum compounds used are: zirconium tetraacetylacetonate (eg K-KAT® 4205 from King Industries); Zirconium dioxides (eg K-KAT® XC-9213; XC-A 209 and XC-6212 from King Industries); Aluminum dioxide (eg K-KAT® 5218 from King Industries).
• Suitable zinc compounds are those in which the following anions are used: F, C, CIO " , CIO 3 -, CICV, Br, J -, J0 3 -, CN -, OCN, N0 2 -, N0 3 -, HC0 3 -, C0 3 2 -, S 2 -, SH-, HSO 3 -, SO 3 2 -, HSO 4 -, S0 4 2 -, S2O2 2 -, S2O4 2 -, S 2 0 5 2 -, S 2 0 6 2 -, S2O7 2 -, S 2 0 8 2 -, H2PO2, H2PO4, HPO4 2 -, PO4 3 -, P2O7 4 -, (OC n H 2n + i) -, (C n H 2 n -i0 2 ) -, (C n H 2 n-30 2 ) - as well as (C n + iH 2 n-20
• the preferred zinc carboxylates are those of carboxylates which have at least six carbon atoms, more preferably at least eight carbon atoms, in particular zinc (II) diacetate or zinc (II) dioctoate or zinc carbonate. (II) neodecanoate.
• Commercially available catalysts are, for example, Borchi® Kat 22 from OMG Borchers GmbH, Langenfeld, Germany.
• the titanium tetra-alcoholates Ti (OR) 4 are preferred, more preferably those of alcohols ROH having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, for example, methanol, ethanol, / so-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, / so-butanol , se / butanol, ferf-butanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, preference is given to methanol, ethanol, / isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, feri-butanol, particularly preferably iso- Propanol and n-butanol.
• alcohols ROH having 1 to 8 carbon atoms for example, methanol, ethanol, / so-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, / so-butanol , se / but
• At least one bismuth compound is used, for example one to three, preferably one or two and particularly preferably a bismuth compound of the oxidation state +3.
• Preferred bismuth compounds (C) are bismuth compounds having the following anions: F-, Ch, CIO “ , CIO3-, ClO-r, Br, J-, J0 3 -, CN-, OCN-, NO 2 " , NO 3 -, HC0 3 -, C0 3 2 " , S 2 -, SH-, HSO 3 -, SO 3 2 -, HSO 4 -, S0 4 2 -, S2O2 2 -, S2O4 2 -, S 2 0 5 2 -, S 2 0 6 2 -, S2O7 2 -, S 2 0 8 2 -, H2PO2-, H2PO4-, HPO4 2 -, PO4 3 -, P2O7 4 -, (OC x H 2 x + i) -, (CxH 2 x-) i0 2 ) -, (C x H 2 x -30 2 ) - as well as (Cx +
• carboxylates in which the anion formulas (C x H2x-i02) _ as well as (CX + 1H2X-2O4) 2 - where n is 1 to 20.
• particularly preferred salts have monocarboxylate anions of the general formula (C x H2x-i02) ⁇ on. where x is the numbers 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10.
• x is the numbers 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10.
• format acetate, propionate, hexanoate, neodecanoate and 2-ethylhexanoate.
• the bismuth carboxylates are preferred, more preferably those of carboxylates having at least six carbon atoms, in particular Bismuth octoates, ethyl hexanoates, neodecanoates, or pivalates; for example, K-KAT 348, XC-B221; XC-C227, XC 8203 and XK-601 from King Industries, TIB KAT 716, 716LA, 716XLA, 718, 720, 789 from TIB Chemicals and those from Shepherd Lausanne, and, for example, Borchi® Kat 24; 315; 320 from OMG Borchers GmbH, Langenfeld, Germany.
• bismuth neodecanoate bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate and zinc 2-ethylhexanoate are particularly preferred.
• WO 04/029121 A1 Preferred is the use of acids having a pKa of not more than 4.8, more preferably not more than 2.5.
• the polyisocyanate (D) is polyisocyanate (D) containing at least one hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate bound via an allophanate group.
• polyisocyanates examples are described, for example, in WO 00/39183 A1, there especially from page 4, line 17 to page 6, line 6 and products 1 to 12 according to Table 1.
• the polyisocyanates (D) can be prepared as described there from page 8, line 44 to page 10, line 2.
• Polyisocyanates (D) are preferably obtainable by reacting at least one (cyclo) aliphatic diisocyanate with at least one hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate in the presence of at least one catalyst which is able to accelerate the formation of allophanate groups.
• (cyclo) aliphatic is aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, preferably aliphatic.
• Examples of (cyclo) aliphatic diisocyanates are aliphatic diisocyanates, such as tetramethyl endiisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (1,6-diisocyanatohexane), octamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, tetradecamethylene diisocyanate, derivatives of lysine diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexane diisocyanate or tetramethylhexane diisocyanate, cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, such as 1, 4- 1, 3 or 1, 2-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 4,4'- or 2,4'-di (isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5- (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohe
• 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and 4,4'- or 2,4'-di (isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane particular preference to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and 4,4'-di (isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane
• very particular preference is 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate and in particular 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.
• Hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates may be those as described above for component (A), but may be different from the component (A) used.
• the hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate used as component (A) and the hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate used for component (D) are identical.
• the hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates used for component (D) are preferably 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol mono- (meth) acrylate , Neopentyl glycol mono (meth) acrylate, 1,5-pentanediol mono (meth) acrylate and 1,6-hexanediol mono (meth) acrylate, very particularly preferred are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate and 1, 4-butanediol mono (meth) acrylate, especially 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate.
• Catalysts which are able to accelerate the formation of allophanate groups are, for example, organozinc compounds, such as zinc acetylacetonate or zinc 2-ethylcaproate, or tetraalkylammonium compound, such as preferably tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, carboxylates and carbonates, particularly preferably N, N, N-trimethyl-N-benzylammoniumhydroxide, N, N, N-trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium hydroxide, N, N, N-trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate and N, N, N-trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium formate, most preferably N, N, N-trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate.
• organozinc compounds such as zinc acetylacetonate or zinc 2-ethylcaproate
• hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates at least 20 mol%, preferably at least 25 mol%, particularly preferably at least 30 mol%, very particularly preferably at least 35 mol%, in particular at least 40 mol% and especially at least 50 mol% bound via allophanate groups.
• the polyisocyanate (D) containing at least one hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate bonded via an allophanate group is compounds having the formula fulfill, in which
• R 5 is a bivalent, having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms alkylene radical which may optionally be substituted with d- to C 4 alkyl groups and / or interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, preferably having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 and all particularly preferably having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a bivalent, 2 to 20 carbon atoms having alkylene radical or cycloalkylene lenrest which may optionally be substituted with C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups and / or interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, preferably 4 to 15 carbon atoms having, particularly preferably having 6 to 13 carbon atoms,
• R 7 is hydrogen or methyl, preferably hydrogen, and x is a positive number which is on average 2 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4.
• the polyisocyanate (D) represented by this formula represents a particularly preferred radical R 4 according to the formula for the urethane (meth) acrylate according to the invention.
• radical R 5 examples are 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-butylene, 1, 1-dimethyl-1, 2 ethylene, 1, 2-dimethyl-1, 2-ethylene, 1, 5-pentylene, 1, 6-hexylene, 1, 8-octylene,
• 1, 10-decylene or 1, 12-dodecylene Preference is given to 1,2-ethylene, 1,2,3 or 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene and 1,6-hexylene, more preferably 1,2-ethylene, 1,2-propylene and 1, 4-butylene, most preferably 1, 2-ethylene.
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of 1, 6-hexylene,
• R 6 is 1, 6-hexylene and R 5 is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene and 1, 4-butylene, preferably from 1, 2-ethylene and 1,4-butylene, and more preferably 1,2-ethylene.
• R 7 hydrogen is available under the trade name Laromer® LR 9000 from BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, with an NCO content of 14.5-15.5% by weight.
• the reaction of the components (A) and (B) preferably takes place at temperatures of 50 to 150 ° C, preferably 70 to 130 ° C over a period of 3 to 20 hours, preferably from 5 to 12 hours with stirring or pumping.
• the components (A) and (B) are in the desired stoichiometry (mol: mol), which is preferably 1: 1, 5 to 3, more preferably 1: 1, 8 to 2.5, most preferably 1: 2 to 2.3 and in particular 1: 2, mixed together and heated.
• Component (A) may also be introduced and (B) added during or after heating. Before, during or after the heating, the catalyst (C), optionally distributed in several portions, is added to the mixture.
• the catalyst (C) is generally added in amounts of from 0.001 to 2% by weight, based on the sum of the components (A) and (B), to the reaction mixture, preferably from 0.005 to 1.5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 1 and most preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight. It is optionally possible, although less preferred, to carry out the reaction in the presence of at least one solvent.
• solvents examples include aromatic (including alkylated benzenes and naphthalenes) and / or (cyclo) aliphatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, alkoxylated Alkanklarealkylester, ethers, respectively mixtures of solvents.
• Preferred aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures are those which comprise predominantly aromatic C 7 - to C 14 -hydrocarbons and can comprise a boiling range from 1 10 to 300 ° C., particular preference is given to toluene, o-, m- or p-xylene, trimethylbenzene isomers, tetramethylbenzene isomers , Ethylbenzene, cumene, tetrahydronaphthalene and mixtures containing such.
• Solvesso® grades from ExxonMobil Chemical, in particular Solvesso® 100 (CAS No. 64742-95-6, predominantly C9 and C10 aromatics, boiling range about
• hydrocarbon mixtures are generally more than 90% by weight, preferably more than 95, more preferably more than 98, and most preferably more than 99% by weight. It may be useful to use hydrocarbon mixtures with a particularly reduced content of naphthalene.
• (Cyclo) aliphatic hydrocarbons are, for example, decalin, alkylated decalin and isomer mixtures of straight-chain or branched alkanes and / or cycloalkanes.
• the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons is generally less than 5, preferably less than 2.5 and more preferably less than 1% by weight.
• Esters are, for example, n-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxypropyl acetate-2 and 2-methoxy-ethyl acetate.
• Ethers are, for example, THF, dioxane and the dimethyl, ethyl or n-butyl ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or tripropylene glycol.
• ketones are acetone, diethyl ketone, ethyl methyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone and tert-butyl methyl ketone.
• Preferred solvents are n-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxypropyl acetate-2, 2-methoxy-ethyl acetate, and mixtures thereof, in particular with the abovementioned aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures, in particular xylene and Solvesso® 100.
• Such mixtures can be prepared in a volume ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 5, preferably in a volume ratio of 4: 1 to 1: 4, more preferably in a volume ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 3 and most preferably in a volume ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2 ,
• Preferred examples are butyl acetate / xylene, methoxypropyl acetate / xylene 1: 1, butyl acetate / solvent naphtha 100 1: 1, butyl acetate / Solvesso® 100 1: 2 and crystal oil 30 / Shellsol® A 3: 1.
• component (A) preferably hydroquinone monomethyl ether and / or phenothicine.
• stabilizers which are known for the stabilization of (meth) acrylates against free-radical polymerization.
• the first reaction step is terminated when the lactone (B) is substantially reacted, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95, most preferably at least 97 and in particular at least 98%.
• reaction mixture is storable in this form and can then be used at a later time in the second step.
• the reaction mixture obtained from the first step is then reacted with component (D).
• the second reaction step is carried out in a stoichiometry of 1, 2: 1 to 1: 1, 2 of hydroxy groups in the reaction product from the first step to isocyanate groups in component (D), preferably 1, 1: 1 to 1: 1, 1 preferably 1, 05: 1 to 1: 1, 05 and most preferably 1: 1.
• the reaction in the second step is preferably carried out at 40 to 100 ° C, more preferably 50 to 90, most preferably at 60 to 80 ° C.
• reaction mixture obtained from the first reaction step is brought to the desired temperature and the component (D) is introduced in several or preferably in one portion.
• the catalyst (C) present in the reaction mixture in the first step in the reaction mixture is sufficient to also catalyze the reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups. If this is not the case, then additional catalyst (C) can be added. This may be the same catalyst (C) as in the first step, or another, preferably the same catalyst.
• 0.5% by weight more preferably less than 0.3, most preferably less than 0.1 and in particular less than 0.1% by weight has fallen.
• reaction has been carried out in the presence of a solvent, this can now be separated off, preferably by distillation.
• the reaction mixture in a washing apparatus with a 5-25, preferably 5-20, more preferably 5-15% by weight aqueous solution of a base, such as.
• a base such as.
• the laundry may be placed in a stirred tank or other conventional equipment, e.g. in a column or mixer-settler apparatus.
• the organic phase is then prewashed with water or a 5-30% by weight, preferably 5-20, particularly preferably 5-15% by weight sodium chloride, potassium chloride, Ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate solution, preferably saline.
• the urethane (meth) acrylates according to the invention or the product obtained by the process according to the invention can be used in radiation-curable coating compositions in a manner known per se and has the advantage that in the product of the first stage the distribution of the lactone units (B) becomes more uniform is as according to the methods of the prior art.
• the coating compositions which contain a product obtained by the process according to the invention have a higher flexibility.
• urethane (meth) acrylates obtained by the process according to the invention in radiation-curable coating compositions is also an object of the present invention.
• the urethane (meth) acrylates according to the invention can be used as the sole binder or, preferably, in combination with at least one further free-radically polymerizable compound.
• a further object of the present invention are radiation-curable coating compositions comprising at least one inventive urethane (meth) acrylate and optionally at least one free-radically polymerizable compound and optionally at least one photoinitiator.
• Radical polymerizable groups are for example preferred (meth) acrylate groups and more preferably acrylate groups.
• the free-radically polymerizable compounds are preferably polyfunctional compounds (compounds having more than one free-radically polymerizable double bond) which are polymerizable compounds.
• the polymerizable compounds are preferably selected from the group consisting of multifunctional (meth) acrylates, urethane (meth) acrylates, epoxy (meth) acrylates and carbonate (meth) acrylates.
• (meth) acrylic acid is methacrylic acid and acrylic acid, preferably acrylic acid.
• Multifunctional, polymerizable compounds are preferably multifunctional
• (Meth) acrylates which carry at least 2, preferably 2-10, particularly preferably 3-6 and very particularly preferably 3-4 (meth) acrylate groups, preferably acrylate groups.
• polyfunctional, polymerizable compounds are ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,2-propanediol diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,8-octanediol diacrylate , Neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 and 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cyclohexanediol diacrylate, diproypline glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane,
• Ci-cis-alkyl for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl , Heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylbutyl , preferably methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, most preferably methyl or ethyl.
• Preferred multifunctional, polymerizable compounds are 1,2-propane diol diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ditrimethylol tetracrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, polyester polyacrylates, polyetherol acrylates and triacrylate of from one to twenty times alkoxylated , Particularly preferably one to 20 times ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, one to 20 times propoxylated glycerol or one to 20 times ethoxylated and / or propoxylated pentaerythritol.
• epoxy (meth) acrylates are used as multifunctional, polymerizable compounds in printing finishes.
• Very particularly preferred multifunctional, polymerizable compounds are trimethylolpropane triacrylate and triacrylate of one to twenty times ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, triacrylate of one to 20 times propoxylated glycerol or tetraacrylate of one to 20 times ethoxylated and / or propoxylated pentaerythritol.
• constituents may also be partially or completely esterified with (meth) acrylic acid esterified polyalcohols.
• Such polyalcohols are, for example, at least divalent polyols, polyetherols or polyesterols or polyacrylate polyols having an average OH functionality of at least 2, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4 and most preferably 4 to 20.
• Polyetherols in addition to the alkoxylated polyols, may also include polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight between 106 and 2000, polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight between 134 and 2000, polyTHF having a molecular weight between 162 and 2000 or poly-1,3-propanediol having a molecular weight between 134 and 2000 400 be.
• Polyester polyols are e.g. from Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,
• polyesterpolyols which are obtained by reacting dihydric alcohols with dibasic carboxylic acids.
• free polycarboxylic acids it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof to prepare the polyesterpolyols.
• the polycarboxylic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and optionally, e.g. by halogen atoms, substituted and / or unsaturated. Examples include:
• dicarboxylic acids of the general formula HOOC- (CH 2) y -COOH, where y is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, particularly preferably succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedicarboxylic acid.
• Alcohols of the general formula HO- (CH 2) x -OH are preferred, where x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20.
• x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20.
• Preference is given to ethylene glycol, butane-1, 4-diol, Hexane-1, 6-diol, octane-1, 8-diol and dodecane-1, 12-diol.
• neopentyl glycol is neopentyl glycol.
• lactone-based polyesterdiols which are homopolymers or mixed polymers of lactones, preferably terminal hydroxyl-containing addition products of lactones onto suitable difunctional starter molecules.
• Preferred lactones are those which are derived from compounds of the general formula HO- (CH 2) z -COOH, where z is a number from 1 to 20 and an H atom of a methylene unit is also denoted by a d- to C 4 - Alkyl radical may be substituted.
• Examples are ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -propiolactone, gamma-butyrolactone and / or methyl ⁇ -caprolactone, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid or pivalolactone and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable starter components are, for example, the low molecular weight dihydric alcohols mentioned above as the synthesis component for the polyesterpolyols.
• the corresponding polymers of the ⁇ -caprolactone are particularly preferred.
• Lower polyester diols or polyether diols can also be used as starters for the preparation of the lactone polymers.
• polycarbonate diols e.g. by reaction of phosgene with an excess of the low molecular weight alcohols mentioned as synthesis components for the polyesterpolyols, into consideration.
• the multifunctional, polymerizable compound may be urethane (meth) acrylates, epoxy (meth) acrylates or carbonate (meth) acrylates.
• Urethane (meth) acrylates are e.g. obtainable by reacting polyisocyanates with hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates and optionally chain extenders such as diols, polyols, diamines, polyamines or dithiols or polythiols.
• chain extenders such as diols, polyols, diamines, polyamines or dithiols or polythiols.
• urethane (meth) acrylates dispersible in water without the addition of emulsifiers additionally contain ionic and / or nonionic hydrophilic groups which are present, for example. be incorporated by structural components such as hydroxycarboxylic acids in the urethane.
• Such urethane (meth) acrylates contain as structural components substantially: (1) at least one organic aliphatic, aromatic or cycloaliphatic, preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic di- or polyisocyanate,
• the urethane (meth) acrylates preferably have a number average molecular weight M n of 500 to 20,000, in particular of 500 to 10,000, more preferably 600 to 3000 g / mol (determined by gel permeation chromatography with tetrahydrofuran and polystyrene as standard).
• the urethane (meth) acrylates preferably have a content of 1 to 5, particularly preferably 2 to 4 moles of (meth) acrylic groups per 1000 g of urethane (meth) acrylate.
• Epoxy (meth) acrylates are obtainable by reacting epoxides with (meth) acrylic acid.
• Suitable epoxides are, for example, epoxidized olefins, aromatic glycidyl ethers or aliphatic glycidyl ethers, preferably those of aromatic or aliphatic glycidyl ethers.
• Epoxidized olefins may be, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, 1-butoxide, 2-butene oxide, vinyl oxirane, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin.
• Preferred are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, iso-butylene oxide, vinyl oxirane, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin, more preferably ethylene oxide , Propylene oxide or epichlorohydrin and most preferably ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin.
• Aromatic glycidyl ethers are e.g. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol B diglycidyl ether, bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, hydroquinone diglycidyl ether, alkylation products of phenol / dicyclopentadiene, e.g. 2,5-bis [(2,3-epoxypropoxy) phenyl] octahydro-4,7-methano-5H-indene (CAS # [13446-85-0]), tris [4- (2,3-) epoxypropoxy) phenyl] methane isomers) CAS-No.
• Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether bisphenol F diglycidyl ether
• bisphenol B diglycidyl ether bisphenol S diglycidyl ether
• hydroquinone diglycidyl ether alkylation products of phenol / dicyclopentadiene, e.g
• aliphatic glycidyl ethers are 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis [4- (2,3-epoxypropoxy) phenyl] ethane (CAS no [27043-37-4]), diglycidyl ethers of polypropylene glycol (a, (jo-bis (2,3-epoxypropoxy) poly (oxypropylene) (CAS No. [16096-30-3]) and of hydrogenated bisphenol A (2,2-bis [4- (2,3-epoxypropylene) and of hydrogenated bisphenol A (2,2-bis [4- (2,3-epoxypropylene) and of hydrogenated bisphenol A (2,2-bis [4- (2,3-epoxypropylene
• the epoxide (meth) acrylates preferably have a number-average molecular weight M n of from 200 to 20 000, particularly preferably from 200 to 10 000 g / mol and very particularly preferably from 250 to 3000 g / mol; the content of (meth) acrylic groups is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4 per 1000 g of epoxy (meth) acrylate (determined by gel permeation chromatography with polystyrene as standard and tetrahydrofuran as eluent).
• carbonate (meth) acrylates preferably contain 1 to 5, in particular 2 to 4, particularly preferably 2 to 3 (meth) acrylic groups and very particularly preferably 2
• the number-average molecular weight M n of the carbonate (meth) acrylates is preferably less than 3000 g / mol, more preferably less than 1500 g / mol, particularly preferably less than 800 g / mol (determined by gel permeation chromatography with polystyrene as standard, solvent tetra- hydrofuran).
• the carbonate (meth) acrylates are obtainable in a simple manner by transesterification of carbonic acid esters with polyhydric, preferably dihydric alcohols (diols, eg hexanediol) and subsequent esterification of the free OH groups with (meth) acrylic acid or else transesterification with (meth) acrylic esters, such as it eg in EP-A 92,269. They are also available by reacting phosgene, urea derivatives with polyvalent, e.g. dihydric alcohols.
• (meth) acrylates of polycarbonate polyols such as the reaction product of one of the diols or polyols mentioned and a carbonic acid ester and a hydroxyl-containing (meth) acrylate.
• Suitable carbonic acid esters are e.g. Ethylene, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propylene carbonate, carbonic acid dimethyl, diethyl or dibutyl ester.
• Suitable hydroxyl-containing (meth) acrylates are, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol mono (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol mono (meth) acrylate, glycerol mono- and di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane mono- and di (meth) acrylate and pentaerythritol mono-, di- and tri (meth) acrylate.
• Particularly preferred carbonate (meth) acrylates are those of the formula:
• R is H or CH3
• X is a C2-C18 alkylene group and n is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3.
• R is preferably H and X is preferably C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, for example 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 4-butylene or 1, 6-hexylene, particularly preferred for C 4 - to Ce-alkylene. Most preferably, X is C6-AI-alkylene.
• the carbonate (meth) acrylates are preferably aliphatic carbonates (meth) acrylates.
• urethane (meth) acrylates are particularly preferred.
• Photoinitiators may be, for example, photoinitiators known to the person skilled in the art, for example those in Advances in Polymer Science, Volume 14, Springer Berlin 1974 or in KK Dietler, Chemistry and Technology of UV and EB Formulation for Coatings, Inks and Paints, Volume 3; Photoinitiators for Free Radical and Cationic Polymerization, PKT Oldring (Eds), SITA Technology Ltd, London.
• Mono or bisacyl phosphine oxides as described e.g. EP-A 7 508, EP-A 57 474, DE-A 196 18 720, EP-A 495 751 or EP-A 615 980, for example 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (Lucirin® TPO from BASF SE) , Ethyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate (Lucirin® TPO L from BASF SE), bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide (Irgacure® 819 from BASF SE), benzophenones, hydroxyacetophenones, phenylglyoxylic acid and their derivatives or mixtures of these photoinitiators.
• 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (Lucirin® TPO from BASF SE)
• Examples which may be mentioned are benzophenone, acetophenone, acetonaphthoquinone, methyl ethyl ketone, valerophenone, hexanophenone, ⁇ -phenylbutyrophenone, p-morpholinopropiophenone, dibenzosuberone, 4-morpholinobenzophenone, 4-morpholinodeoxybenzoin, p-diacetylbenzene, 4-aminobenzophenone, 4'-methoxyaceto -phenone, ⁇ -methylanthraquinone, ferric-butylanthraquinone, anthraquinone-carboxylic acid ester, benzaldehyde, ⁇ -tetralone, 9-acetylphenanthrene, 2-acetylphenanthrene, 10-thioxan-thone, 3-acetylphenanthrene, 3-acetylindole, 9-fluorenone, 1 in
• photoinitiators are polymeric photoinitiators, such as, for example, the diester of carboxymethoxybenzophenone with polytetramethylene glycols of different molecular weight, preferably 200 to 250 g / mol (CAS 515136-48-8), and CAS 1246194-73-9, CAS 813452-37-8, CAS 71512-90-8, CAS 886463-10-1 or other polymeric benzophenone derivatives, as commercially available, for example, under the trade name Omnipol® BP from IGM Resins BV, Waalwijk, Netherlands or Genopol® BP1 from Rahn AG, Switzerland Are available.
• polymeric photoinitiators such as, for example, the diester of carboxymethoxybenzophenone with polytetramethylene glycols of different molecular weight, preferably 200 to 250 g / mol (CAS 515136-48-8), and CAS 1246194-73-9, CAS 813452-37-8, CAS 71512
• polymeric thioxanthones for example the diesters of carboxymethoxythioxanthones with polytetramethylene glycols of different molecular weight, as described, for example, under the trade name Omnipol® TX from IGM Resins BV, Waalwijk, Netherlands are available in the trade.
• polymeric a-amino ketones for example the diesters of carboxyethoxythioxanthones with polyethylene glycols of different molecular weight, as are commercially available, for example, under the trade name Omnipol® 910 or Omnipol® 9210 from IGM Resins BV, Waalwijk, the Netherlands.
• the photoinitiators used are silsesquioxane compounds having at least one initiating group as described in WO 2010/063612 A1, there especially from page 2, line 21 to page 43, line 9, which is hereby incorporated by reference in the present disclosure be, preferably from page 2, line 21 to page 30, line 5 and the compounds described in the examples of WO 2010/063612 A1.
• non-yellowing or slightly yellowing photoinitiators of the phenylglyoxalic acid ester type such as silsesquioxane compounds described in DE-A 198 26 712, DE-A 199 13 353 or WO 98/33761.
• photoinitiators are 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinate, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-4'- morpholinobutyrophenone, 2- (dimethylamino) -1- (4-morpholino-phenyl) -2- (p-tolylmethyl) butane-1-one, 2-hydroxy-1 - [4 - [[4- (2-hydroxy 2-methyl-propanoyl) -phenyl] -methyl] -phenyl] -2-methyl-propan-1-one and the polymeric thioxanthone and benzophenone derivatives described above and those described in WO 2010/063612 A1.
• Typical additives which may be added to the coating compositions are, for example, dispersants, waxes, stabilizers, sensitizers, fillers, defoamers, dyes, antistatic agents, thickeners, surface-active agents such as leveling agents, slip aids or adhesion promoters.
• Suitable fillers include silicates, e.g. Example by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride available silicates such as Aerosil® the Fa. Degussa, silica, talc, aluminum silicates, magnesium silicates, calcium carbonate, etc.
• Monoazo pigments C.I. Pigment Brown 25; C.I. Pigment Orange 5, 13, 36 and 67;
• Anthanthrone pigments C.I. Pigment Red 168 (C.I. Vat Orange 3);
• Anthraquinone pigments C.I. Pigment Yellow 147 and 177; C.I. Pigment Violet 31;
• Anthraquinone pigments C.I. Pigment Yellow 147 and 177; C.I. Pigment Violet 31;
• Anthrapyrimidine pigments C.I. Pigment Yellow 108 (C.I. Vat Yellow 20);
• Quinacridone pigments C.I. Pigment Red 122, 202 and 206;
• Quinophthalone pigments C.I. Pigment Yellow 138;
• Dioxazine pigments C.I. Pigment Violet 23 and 37;
• Flavanthrone pigments C.I. Pigment Yellow 24 (C.I. Vat Yellow 1);
• Indanthrone pigments C.I. Pigment Blue 60 (C.I. Vat Blue 4) and 64 (C. I. Vat Blue 6);
• Isoindoline pigments C.I. Pigment Orange 69; C.I. Pigment Red 260; C.I. pigment
• Isoindolinone pigments C.I. Pigment Orange 61; C.I. Pigment Red 257 and 260; C.I.
• Isoviolanthrone pigments C.I. Pigment Violet 31 (C.I. Vat Violet 1);
• Perinone pigments C.I. Pigment Orange 43 (C.I. Vat Orange
• Perylene pigments C.I. Pigment Black 31 and 32; C.I. Pigment Red 123, 149,
• Phthalocyanine pigments C.I. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6 and 16; C.I.
• Thioindigo pigments C.I. Pigment Red 88 and 181 (C. I. Vat Red 1); C.I. pigment
• Triaryl carbonium pigments C.I. Pigment Blue 1, 61 and 62; C.I. Pigment Green 1;
• White pigments titanium dioxide (C.I. Pigment White 6), zinc white, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, lithopone; White lead; calcium carbonate;
• Black pigments iron oxide black (Cl Pigment Black 1 1), iron manganese black, spinel black (Cl Pigment Black 27); Carbon black (Cl Pigment Black 7); Colored pigments: chromium oxide, chromium oxide hydrate green; Chrome green (Cl Pigment Green 48); Cobalt green (Cl Pigment Green 50); Ultramarine green; Cobalt blue (Cl Pigment Blue 28 and 36); Ultramarine blue; Iron blue (Cl Pigment Blue 27); Manganese blue; Ultramarine violet; Cobalt and manganese violet; Iron oxide red (Cl Pigment Red 101); Cadmium sulfoselenide (Cl Pigment Red 108); Molybdate red (Cl Pigment Red 104); ultramarine;
• Iron oxide brown, mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases C.I. Pigment Brown 24, 29 and 31), chrome orange; Iron oxide yellow (C.I. Pigment Yellow 42); Nickel titanium yellow (C.I. Pigment Yellow 53; C.I. Pigment Yellow 157 and 164); Chromium titanium yellow; Cadmium sulfide and cadmium zinc sulfide (C.I. Pigment Yellow 37 and 35); Chrome yellow (C.I. Pigment Yellow 34), zinc yellow, alkaline earth dichromates; Naples yellow; Bismuth vanadate (C.I. Pigment Yellow 184); Interference pigments: metallic effect pigments based on coated metal flakes;
• Pearlescent pigments based on metal oxide coated mica platelets Liquid crystal pigments.
• Preferred pigments include monoazo pigments (in particular laked BONS pigments, naphthol AS pigments), disazo pigments (in particular diaryl yellow pigments,
• Bisacetacetic acid acetanilide pigments disazopyrazolone pigments), quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, perinone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments (alkali lake pigments, laked rhodamines, dye salts with complex anions), isoindoline pigments, white pigments and carbon blacks.
• particularly preferred pigments are: carbon black, titanium dioxide, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Red 122 and 146, C.I. Pigment Violet 19, C.I. Pigment Blue 15: 3 and 15: 4, C.I. Pigment Black 7, C.I. Pigment Orange 5, 38 and 43 and C.I. Pigment Green 7.
• Suitable stabilizers include typical UV absorbers such as oxanilides, triazines and benzotriazole (the latter being available as Tinuvin® grades from BASF) and benzophenones.
• radical scavengers for example sterically hindered amines such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpiperidin-dine or derivatives thereof, eg.
• sterically hindered amines such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2,6-di-tert-butylpiperidin-dine or derivatives thereof, eg.
• bis (2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-4-piperidyl) sebacinate, or quinone methides (such as Irgastab® UV 22) are used.
• Stabilizers are usually used in amounts of 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, the active ingredient component, based on the preparation.
• the coating compositions can also be used as printing inks.
• Another aspect of the present invention is a method for printing flat or three-dimensional, preferably sheet-like substrates by any printing method using at least one printing ink of the invention.
• at least one printing unit according to the invention is printed. stains on a substrate and then treated with actinic radiation, for example UV radiation and / or electron beams, preferably UV radiation.
• Printing processes in which the printing inks according to the invention can be used are preferably offset printing, high-pressure, flexographic printing, gravure printing, screen printing and ink-jet printing. Particular preference is given to flexographic printing and offset printing.
• UV-curable printing inks for these applications usually include reactive diluents, binders, colorants, initiators and optionally various additives. Binders serve to form the color film and anchor the constituents such as pigments or fillers in the paint film. Depending on the consistency, printing inks for these applications usually contain between 10 and 60% by weight of binder. Reactive diluents are used to adjust the processing viscosity.
• Printing varnishes are either applied to the substrate as a primer (so-called “primer”) or applied to the printed substrate after the printing process as a coating.
• Printing lacquers are used, for example, to protect the printed image, to improve the adhesion of the printing ink to the printing substrate or for aesthetic purposes.
• the application is usually in-line or off-line by means of a coating unit on the printing press.
• Print varnishes do not contain a colorant but, apart from that, are generally similar in composition to printing inks and are distinguished by the absence of the colorant.
• Printing inks for mechanical printing include so-called pasty inks of high viscosity for offset and high pressure as well as so-called liquid inks of comparatively low viscosity for flexographic and gravure printing.
• the inks according to the invention can be used, for example, as ink-jet liquid and for liquid toner for electrophotographic printing processes.
• a drying and / or radiation hardening can take place after each printing process.
• the radiation curing is carried out with high-energy light, for example UV light or electron beams.
• the radiation curing can also be carried out at higher temperatures.
• Suitable radiation sources for radiation curing are, for example, low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure lamps with high-pressure lamps and fluorescent tubes, impulse lamps, metal halide, electronic flash devices, which radiation curing without photoinitiator is possible, or Excimerstrahler and UV LEDs.
• the radiation sources used are, for example, high-pressure mercury vapor lamps, lasers, pulsed lamps (flash light), halogen lamps, UV LEDs or excimer radiators.
• the radiation dose for UV curing which is usually sufficient for crosslinking, is in the range from 30 to 3000 mJ / cm 2 .
• radiation sources can be used for the curing, e.g. two to four.
• the irradiation may optionally also in the absence of oxygen, for. B. under inert gas atmosphere, are performed.
• inert gases are preferably nitrogen, noble gases, carbon dioxide, or combustion gases.
• the coating compositions according to the invention are suitable for coating substrates such as wood, paper, textile, leather, fleece, plastic surfaces, PVC, glass, ceramics, mineral building materials, such as cement shaped bricks and fiber cement boards, or metals or coated metals, preferably plastics or metals, in particular in the form of films, more preferably metals.
• the coating compositions can be used in particular in primers, fillers, pigmented topcoats and clearcoats in the field of car repair or large vehicle painting and aircraft. Particularly suitable are those coating compositions for applications in which a particularly high application safety, outdoor weathering resistance, hardness and flexibility are required, such as in car repair and large vehicle painting.
• Particularly suitable are those coating compositions for applications in which a particularly high application safety, outdoor weathering resistance, hardness and flexibility are required, such as in car repair and large vehicle painting.
• the examples given below are intended to illustrate the present invention without, however, limiting it.
• Example 1 323 parts of epsilon-caprolactone, 164 parts of hydroxyethyl acrylate and 0.2 part of zinc ethylhexanoate (BorchiKat® 22 from OMG Borchers GmbH, Langenfeld, Germany) were heated at 105-1 ° C. for 1 hour, then it was heated to 60.degree cooled and added 187 parts of a diisocyanate based on H12-MDI (Desmodur® W from Bayer MaterialScience) and another 14 hours react at 80-85 ° C. The isocyanate value had dropped to ⁇ 0.1%. The result was a viscous, clear urethane acrylate with a viscosity of 27.5 Pas (measured with an Epprecht cone / plate viscometer (Cone C) at 25 ° C).
• Example 1 323 parts of epsilon-caprolactone, 164 parts of hydroxyethyl acrylate and 0.2 part of zinc ethylhex
• Example 3 323 parts of epsilon-caprolactone, 164 parts of hydroxyethyl acrylate and 0.2 part of bismuth ethylhexanoate (BorchiKat® 24 from OMG Borchers GmbH, Langenfeld, Germany) were heated at 105-1 ° C. for 36 hours, then at 60 ° C. cooled and 400 parts of an isocyanato (Laromer ® LR9000) was added and allowed to react at 80-85 ° C for a further 12 hours. The isocyanate value had dropped to ⁇ 0.1%. The result was a viscous, clear urethane acrylate with a viscosity of 18 Pas (measured with an Epprecht cone / plate viscometer (Cone C) at 25 ° C).
• Each 96 parts of the urethane acrylates from Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were mixed with 4 parts each of the photoinitiator Darocur® 1 173 (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, photoinitiator from BASF SE), applied to 1 black glass plate with a box doctor blade (200 ⁇ ) and exposed to light at 1350 mJ / cm 2 exposure intensity on an IST UV exposure system.
• Darocur® 1 173 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one
• the scratch resistance of the cured layer was determined as follows: The exposed films were scratched with a ScotchBrite® fleece under a load of 750g with 10 double strokes and the gloss difference at 60 ° measurement angle before and after scratching determined. Gloss retention is the percentage of gloss from scratch to scratch to scratch.
• the gloss retention was:

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