CN103608375B - 可辐射固化聚氨酯水分散体 - Google Patents
可辐射固化聚氨酯水分散体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103608375B CN103608375B CN201280029573.6A CN201280029573A CN103608375B CN 103608375 B CN103608375 B CN 103608375B CN 201280029573 A CN201280029573 A CN 201280029573A CN 103608375 B CN103608375 B CN 103608375B
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- wood
- ester
- compound
- radiation
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- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
本发明涉及可以用UV辐射固化的聚氨酯水分散体,其制备方法及其用途。
Description
本发明涉及可以用UV辐射固化的聚氨酯水分散体,其制备方法及其用途。
为了涂敷木质材料,正如在家具工业中一样例如广泛使用可辐射固化聚氨酯。除了诸如高硬度的要求外,尤其要求家具工业中的涂料突出木结构,这是一种称为“木纹突出”的效果。
可辐射固化的水分散性聚氨酯例如由EP753531(其中尿烷丙烯酸酯基于聚酯丙烯酸酯制备)和EP942022(其中尿烷丙烯酸酯基于含有丙烯酸酯基团的预聚物制备)已知。其中所述聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散体并不充分突出木结构。
具体而言,EP753531的实施例显示出不良木纹突出,正如EP1142947中作为对比例的实施例A所显示的那样。
具有良好木纹突出的聚氨酯水分散体例如描述于EP1142947中。该效果归因于特殊单体(羟基新戊酸的新戊二醇酯)的掺入。尽管其中所述体系与现有技术相比确实显示出显著改善的木纹突出(评分为2),但相对于所用PE55W聚酯丙烯酸酯参照(评分为0)仍需改进。
本发明的目的是要提供可以用UV辐射固化且在水中以分散体存在的聚氨酯,其在木质材料上显示出良好的性能特征,更具体的是高硬度以及有效的木纹突出。此外,为了分散聚氨酯,应无需对健康有害的溶剂,特别是N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)。
该目的借助在水中作为分散体存在的可辐射固化聚氨酯实现,所述可辐射固化聚氨酯由如下组分合成:
a)至少一种脂族二-或多异氰酸酯,
b)至少一种具有至少一个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团和至少一个可自由基聚合C=C双键的化合物,
c)任选的至少一种具有至少两个选自羟基、巯基、伯和/或仲氨基的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的化合物,
d)至少一种具有至少一个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团和至少一个酸基的化合物,
e)至少一种用于中和或部分中和化合物d)的酸基的碱性化合物,
f)任选的至少一种不同于b)、d)和e)的化合物,其仅含有一个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团,
g)任选的至少一种不同于a)的二-或多异氰酸酯,
h)任选的其他添加剂,选自反应性稀释剂、光引发剂和常规涂料添加剂,
i)水,和
k)任选的至少一种二胺和/或多胺,
其中在25℃下借助使用Zetasizer1000的动态光散射测定,在该水分散体中颗粒的平均直径(z均)不超过30nm,优选25nm,以及
其中组分g)的NCO基团的比例基于来自化合物a)和g)的全部所用NCO基团不超过20mol%。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明所制备的聚氨酯,即合成组分a)-d)以及还有任选的f)和g)的反应产物具有的双键密度为至少1.5mol/kg,优选至少1.8mol/kg,更优选至少2.0mol/kg,非常优选2.2mol/kg。
在本发明的分散体中,不使用其中异氰酸酯基团已经部分或完全与所谓的封闭剂反应的异氰酸酯官能化合物。封闭剂是将异氰酸酯基团转化成封闭(封端或保护)的异氰酸酯基团的化合物,随后在已知为解封闭温度的温度以下不显示游离异氰酸酯基团的常规反应。本发明不使用的该类具有封闭异氰酸酯基团的化合物通常用于经由异氰酸酯基团固化而固化至完全的双固化涂料组合物。本发明的聚氨酯分散体在其制备之后优选基本不再含有任何游离异氰酸酯基团:即通常小于1重量%的NCO,优选小于0.75重量%,更优选小于0.66重量%,非常优选小于0.3重量%的NCO(以分子量为42g/mol计算)。
组分a)
组分a)包括至少一种,例如1-3种,优选1-2种,更优选正好一种脂族二-或多异氰酸酯。
脂族异氰酸酯是仅含有与为线性或支化的无环链的一部分的那些碳原子连接的异氰酸酯基团的那些,优选仅含有与线性或支化的无环链连接的异氰酸酯基团的那些,更优选具有仅与线性或支化的无环烃链连接的异氰酸酯基团的那些。
脂族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯优选为具有4-20个碳原子的异氰酸酯。常规二异氰酸酯的实例是四亚甲基-1,4-二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基-1,5-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯、2-甲基-1,5-二异氰酸酯基戊烷、八亚甲基-1,8-二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基-1,10-二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基-1,12-二异氰酸酯、十四亚甲基-1,14-二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-二(1-异氰酸酯基-1-甲基乙基)苯(m-TMXDI)和赖氨酸二异氰酸酯的衍生物。可以存在所述二异氰酸酯的混合物。
优选六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯以及2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯混合物,更优选六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯。
也可以存在所述二异氰酸酯的混合物。
2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯以例如比例为1.5:1-1:1.5,优选1.2:1-1:1.2,更优选1.1:1-1:1.1,非常优选1:1的混合物形式存在。
多异氰酸酯可以为具有不止两个异氰酸酯基团的单体异氰酸酯或上述二异氰酸酯的低聚物。
前者的实例为三异氰酸酯基壬烷(4-异氰酸酯基甲基辛烷-1,8-二异氰酸酯)或2,6-二异氰酸酯基己酸2'-异氰酸酯基乙基酯。
后者的实例为含有异氰脲酸酯、缩二脲、二氮杂环丁二酮、脲基甲酸酯、亚氨基二嗪三酮和/或碳二亚胺基团且可以通过低聚至少一种,优选正好一种上述二异氰酸酯,更优选通过六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯的反应而得到的低聚物。
优选的多异氰酸酯为含有异氰脲酸酯、二氮杂环丁二酮和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的低聚物,更优选含有异氰脲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的低聚物,在一个尤其优选的实施方案中,化合物a)为基于六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯且含有脲基甲酸酯基团的低聚物,为此使六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯与至少一些化合物b)反应而给出含有脲基甲酸酯基团的低聚物。
该反应产生具有至少两个游离异氰酸酯基团、至少一个脲基甲酸酯基团和至少一个经由其对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团与脲基甲酸酯基团连接的可自由基聚合C=C双键的化合物。
一种该类组分a)包含1-35重量%,优选5-30重量%,更优选10-35重量%的脲基甲酸酯基团(以C2N2HO3=101g/mol计算)。由合成组分a)-d)以及还有任选的f)和g)形成的本发明聚氨酯包含1-30重量%,优选1-25重量%,更优选2-20重量%脲基甲酸酯基团。本发明所用组分a)进一步包含小于5重量%的二氮杂环丁二酮。
优选下式化合物:
其中
R3为具有2-12个,优选2-8个,更优选2-4个碳原子的二价脂族或脂环族基团,优选脂族基团,优选烃基,
R4为氢或甲基,优选氢,以及
n平均能够取值为0或正数,优选取值为0-5,更优选0.5-3,非常优选1-2。
R3的实例是1,2-亚乙基、1,1-二甲基-1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,3-亚丙基、2-乙基-1,3-亚丙基、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-亚丙基、2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基、1,2-亚丁基、1,3-亚丁基、1,4-亚丁基、1,5-亚戊基、1,6-亚己基、2-乙基-1,3-亚己基、1,8-亚辛基、2,4-二乙基-1,3-亚辛基或1,10-亚癸基,优选1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基或1,4-亚丁基,更优选1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基,非常优选1,2-亚乙基。
该组分优选具有10-18重量%,优选12-16重量%,更优选13-16重量%的NCO含量和600-1200g/mol,优选700-1000g/mol,更优选700-900g/mol的平均分子量。
这类化合物可以市购,例如以商标名9000由BASF SE,Ludwigshafen市购。
该类化合物的制备由WO00/39183A1,特别是实施例1.1.和来自其中的表1的产物1-7已知。
组分b)
组分b)包含至少一种,优选1-3种,更优选1或2种,非常优选正好一种具有至少一个,例如1或2个,优选正好一个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团和至少一个,例如1-4个,优选1或2个,非常优选正好一个可自由基聚合C=C双键的化合物。
可自由基聚合的C=C双键为乙烯基醚、丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团,优选丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团,更优选丙烯酸酯基团。
组分b)的优选化合物例如为二元或多元醇与α,β-乙烯属不饱和单羧酸和/或二羧酸及其酸酐的酯,其中至少一个羟基保持未反应。
可以使用的α,β-乙烯属不饱和单羧酸和/或二羧酸及其酸酐的实例包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、巴豆酸、衣康酸、等。优选使用丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸,更优选丙烯酸。
合适二元或多元醇的实例是二醇如乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,1-二甲基-1,2-乙二醇,2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇,2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇,2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇,新戊二醇,新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,1,10-癸二醇,二(4-羟基环己烷)异亚丙基(bis(4-hydroxycyclohexane)isopropylidene),四甲基环丁烷二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇,环辛烷二醇,降冰片烷二醇,蒎烷二醇,萘烷二醇,2-乙基-1,3-己二醇,2,4-二乙基-1,3-辛二醇,氢醌,双酚A,双酚F,双酚B,双酚S,2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷,1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己烷二甲醇,1,2-,1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇和三环癸烷二甲醇。
合适的三醇和多元醇例如具有3-25个,优选3-18个碳原子。实例包括三羟甲基丁烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、甘油、二-三羟甲基丙烷、二季戊四醇、二-三羟甲基丙烷、山梨醇、甘露糖醇、双甘油、苏糖醇、赤藓醇、阿东糖醇(核糖醇)、阿拉伯糖醇(阿糖醇)、木糖醇、卫矛醇(半乳糖醇)、麦芽糖醇或异麦芽酚。
组分b)的化合物优选选自丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯,丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯,甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯,丙烯酸3-羟基丁基酯,甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丁基酯,丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯,甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯,丙烯酸6-羟基己基酯,甲基丙烯酸6-羟基己基酯,丙烯酸3-羟基-2-乙基己基酯,甲基丙烯酸3-羟基-2-乙基己基酯,三羟甲基丙烷单-或二丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇二-或三丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
特别优选化合物b)选自丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯、丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯和季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,非常优选选自丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯和甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯,更特别的是它为丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯或甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯。
组分c)
任选的组分c)包括至少一种具有至少两个,例如2-4个,优选2-3个,更优选正好2个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的化合物,这些基团选自羟基、巯基和伯和/或仲氨基,更优选选自羟基和伯氨基,更优选羟基。
化合物c)具有的分子量低于500g/mol,优选小于400g/mol,非常优选小于250g/mol的低分子量化合物。
低分子量醇c)可以是脂族或脂环族的,优选脂族的。
羟基优选可以为仲或伯羟基,优选伯羟基。
特别优选具有2-20个碳原子的醇。尤其优选具有4-20个,优选6-12个碳原子的水解稳定的短链二醇。非常特别优选化合物c)为链烷二醇。
化合物c)的实例是乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,1-二甲基-1,2-乙二醇,2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇,2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇,2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇,新戊二醇,新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,1,10-癸二醇,二(4-羟基环己烷)异亚丙基,四甲基环丁二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇,环辛二醇,降冰片烷二醇,蒎烷二醇,萘烷二醇,2-乙基-1,3-己二醇,2,4-二乙基-1,3-辛二醇,氢醌,双酚A,双酚F,双酚B,双酚S,2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷,1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己烷二甲醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇。
优选乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,新戊二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷,1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己烷二甲醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇,特别优选乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-丁二醇或1,6-己二醇。
按照本发明,使用不显著量的较高分子量二醇或多元醇,其分子量大于500g/mol。
“不显著量”在这里是指较高分子量的二醇或多元醇的OH基团比例基于来自化合物b)、c)、d)和f)的全部所用OH基团不超过20mol%,优选不超过15mol%,更特别的是不超过10mol%,非常优选不超过5mol%,更具体为0mol%。
上述组分c)可以单独或作为混合物使用。
组分d)
组分d)为至少一种,优选正好一种具有至少一个,例如1-3个,优选1或2个,更优选正好2个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团且具有至少一个,优选正好1个酸基的化合物。
组分d)的化合物的酸基优选选自羧酸基团、磺酸基团、膦酸基团和磷酸基团。优选羧酸和磺酸基团,特别优选羧酸基团。
具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团以及还有至少一个羧酸或磺酸基团的合适化合物d)尤其包括脂族单巯基、单羟基和单氨基以及亚氨基羧酸和相应的磺酸,如巯基乙酸(巯基乙酸)、巯基丙酸、巯基琥珀酸、羟基乙酸、羟基丙酸(乳酸)、羟基琥珀酸、羟基新戊酸、二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、羟基癸酸、羟基十二烷酸、12-羟基硬脂酸、N-(2’-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙酸、羟基乙磺酸、羟基丙磺酸、巯基乙磺酸、巯基丙磺酸、氨基乙磺酸、氨基丙磺酸、甘氨酸(氨基乙酸)、N-环己基氨基乙磺酸、N-环己基氨基丙磺酸或亚氨基二乙酸。
优选二羟甲基丙酸和二羟甲基丁酸,特别优选二羟甲基丙酸。
组分e)
组分e)为至少一种用于完全或部分中和化合物d)的酸基的碱性化合物。
适合完全或部分中和化合物d)的酸基的碱性化合物e)包括有机和无机碱如碱金属和碱土金属氢氧化物、氧化物、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐,还有氨或伯、仲或叔胺。优选用胺如乙醇胺或二乙醇胺,尤其是叔胺如三乙胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺或二乙基乙醇胺完全或部分中和。化学键合酸基的引入量和酸基的中和程度(通常为40-100%当量基准)优选应足以确保聚氨酯分散在含水介质中,这为熟练技术人员熟知。
组分f)
在本发明分散体中,作为组分f)可以使用至少一种具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的其他化合物。该基团可以是羟基或巯基或伯或仲氨基。合适的化合物f)是熟练技术人员已知的常规化合物,它们通常作为降低反应性游离异氰酸酯基团数的阻聚剂用于聚氨酯制备或用于改性聚氨酯性能。实例包括单官能醇,如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇等。合适的组分f)还有具有一个伯或仲氨基的胺,如甲胺、乙胺、正丙胺、二异丙胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二正丙胺、二异丙胺等。
组分g)
在本发明分散体中,作为任选的组分g)可以以次要量使用至少一种不同于组分a)的化合物的多异氰酸酯。作为组分g),按照本发明不使用其中异氰酸酯基团已经与封闭剂反应的多异氰酸酯。
优选的化合物g)是NCO官能度为2-4.5,更优选2-3.5的多异氰酸酯。作为组分g)优选使用脂族、脂环族和芳脂族二异氰酸酯。这些例如可以为上面在a)下所述二异氰酸酯,但不同于化合物a)。优选的化合物g)具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯基团以及还有选自尿烷、脲、缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯、碳二亚胺、二氮杂环丁酮亚胺、二氮杂环丁二酮和异氰脲酸酯基团的基团。
化合物g)优选包括脂环族或芳族,优选脂环族二-和多异氰酸酯。
脂环族异氰酸酯为含有至少一个与为完全饱和环体系的一部分的碳原子连接的异氰酸酯基团的那些,优选含有至少一个与为非芳族碳环体系的一部分的碳原子连接的异氰酸酯基团的那些。
芳族异氰酸酯为含有至少一个与为芳族环体系的碳原子连接的异氰酸酯基团的那些。
脂环族二异氰酸酯的实例是1,4-、1,3-或1,2-二异氰酸酯基环己烷,4,4’-或2,4’-二(异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,1,3-或1,4-二(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷,2,4-和2,6-二异氰酸酯基-1-甲基环己烷。芳族二异氰酸酯的实例是甲苯-2,4-或2,6-二异氰酸酯,间-或对-苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(xylylene diisocyanate),2,4’-或4,4’-二异氰酸酯基二苯基甲烷,苯-1,3-或1,4-二异氰酸酯,1-氯苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯,萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯,联苯-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(diphenylene4,4’-diisocyanate),4,4’-二异氰酸酯基-3,3’-二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯(4,4’-diisocyanato-3,3’-dimethyldiphenyl diisocyanate),3-甲基二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯和二苯基醚-4,4’-二异氰酸酯。可以存在所述二异氰酸酯的混合物。
作为组分g)优选使用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,1,3-和1,4-二(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷,其异氰脲酸酯类,缩二脲类,及其混合物。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,不使用或使用不显著量的组分g),优选不使用组分g)。
“不显著量”在这里是指组分g)的NCO基团比例基于来自化合物a)和g)的全部所用NCO基团不超过20mol%,优选不超过15mol%,更优选不超过10mol%,非常优选不超过5mol%,更具体为0mol%。
组分h)
本发明分散体可以包含至少一种如常用作反应性稀释剂的其他化合物。这些例如包括P.K.T.Oldring(编辑),Chemistry&Technology of UV & EBFormulations for Coatings,Inks & Paints,第II卷,第III章:ReactiveDiluents for UV & EB Curable Formulations,Wiley and SITA Technology,London1997中所述的反应性稀释剂。
优选的反应性稀释剂是不同于具有至少一个可自由基聚合C=C双键的组分b)的化合物。
反应性稀释剂的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸与具有1-20个碳原子的醇的酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯、丙烯酸二氢二环戊二烯基酯,乙烯基芳族化合物,例如苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯,α,β-不饱和腈类,例如丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈,α,β-不饱和醛类,例如丙烯醛、甲基丙烯醛,乙烯基酯,例如乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯,卤代乙烯属不饱和化合物,例如氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯,共轭不饱和化合物,例如丁二烯、异戊二烯、氯丁二烯,单不饱和化合物,例如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、2-丁烯、异丁烯,环状单不饱和化合物,例如环戊烯、环己烯、环十二碳烯,N-乙烯基甲酰胺,烯丙基乙酸,乙烯基乙酸,具有3-8个碳原子的单乙烯属不饱和羧酸以及还有其水溶性碱金属、碱土金属或铵盐,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、二甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、马来酸、柠康酸、亚甲基丙二酸、巴豆酸、富马酸、中康酸和衣康酸、马来酸、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,N-乙烯基内酰胺,如N-乙烯基己内酰胺,N-乙烯基-N-烷基羧酰胺或N-乙烯基羧酰胺,如N-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-甲基甲酰胺和N-乙烯基-N-甲基乙酰胺或乙烯基醚,例如甲基乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、正丙基乙烯基醚、异丙基乙烯基醚、正丁基乙烯基醚、仲丁基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、叔丁基乙烯基醚、4-羟基丁基乙烯基醚及其混合物。
具有至少两个可自由基聚合C=C双键的化合物:这些尤其包括上述α,β-乙烯属不饱和单羧酸和/或二羧酸与二醇或多元醇的二酯和聚酯。特别优选己二醇二丙烯酸酯、己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、辛二醇二丙烯酸酯、辛二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、壬二醇二丙烯酸酯、壬二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、癸二醇二丙烯酸酯、癸二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯等。还优选烷氧基化多元醇与α,β-乙烯属不饱和单羧酸和/或二羧酸的酯,如烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷、甘油或季戊四醇的聚丙烯酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸酯。额外合适的是脂环族二醇的酯,如环己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和二(羟基甲基乙基)环己烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯。其他合适的反应性稀释剂是三羟甲基丙烷单缩甲醛丙烯酸酯、甘油缩甲醛丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸4-四氢吡喃基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-四氢吡喃基酯和丙烯酸四氢糠基酯。
本发明的一个优选实施方案是不使用任何低分子量反应性稀释剂,这意味着该类反应性稀释剂仅以不超过5重量%,更优选不超过1重量%的量使用。
“低分子量反应性稀释剂”在这里是具有一个或两个可自由基聚合C=C双键且分子量不超过500g/mol的化合物。
当本发明分散体不用电子束而是借助UV辐射固化时,本发明制剂优选包含至少一种能够引发乙烯属不饱和双键聚合的光引发剂。
光引发剂例如可以为熟练技术人员已知的光引发剂,实例是在“Advances in Polymer Science”,第14卷,Springer Berlin1974或K.K.Dietliker,Chemistry and Technology of UV and EB Formulation forCoatings,Inks and Paints,第3卷;Photoinitiators for Free Radical andCationic Polymerization,P.K.T.Oldring(编辑),SITA Technology Ltd,London中所述的那些。
合适的例如如EP-A7 508,EP-A57 474,DE-A196 18 720,EP-A495 751或EP-A615 980所述的单-或双酰基氧化膦,实例是2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦(来自BASF SE的TPO),2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基次膦酸乙酯(来自BASF SE的TPO L),二(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦(来自BASF SE,前身为Ciba的819),二苯甲酮类,羟基乙酰苯类,苯基二羟乙酸及其衍生物,或这些光引发剂的混合物。可以提及的实例包括二苯甲酮,乙酰苯,乙酰萘醌(acetonaphthoquinone),甲基乙基酮,戊酰苯,己酰苯,α-苯基丁酰苯,对吗啉代丙酰苯,二苯并环庚酮,4-吗啉代二苯甲酮,4-吗啉代脱氧苯偶姻,对二乙酰苯,4-氨基二苯甲酮,4’-甲氧基乙酰苯,β-甲基蒽醌,叔丁基蒽醌,蒽醌羧酸酯,苯甲醛,α-四氢萘酮,9-乙酰菲,2-乙酰菲,10-噻吨酮,3-乙酰菲,3-乙酰吲哚,9-芴酮,2,3-二氢-1-茚酮,1,3,4-三乙酰苯,噻吨-9-酮,呫吨-9-酮,2,4-二甲基噻吨酮,2,4-二乙基噻吨酮,2,4-二异丙基噻吨酮,2,4-二氯噻吨酮,苯偶姻,苯偶姻异丁基醚,氯代呫吨酮,苯偶姻四氢吡喃基醚,苯偶姻甲基醚,苯偶姻乙基醚,苯偶姻丁基醚,苯偶姻异丙基醚,7H-苯偶姻甲基醚,苯并[de]蒽-7-酮,1-萘甲醛,4,4’-二(二甲氨基)二苯甲酮,4-苯基二苯甲酮,4-氯二苯甲酮,米蚩酮,1-乙酰萘,2-乙酰萘,1-苯甲酰基环己烷-1-醇,2-羟基-2,2-二甲基乙酰苯,2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯,2,2-二乙氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯,1,1-二氯乙酰苯,1-羟基乙酰苯,乙酰苯缩二甲醇,邻甲氧基二苯甲酮,三苯基膦,三邻甲苯基膦,苯并[a]蒽-7,12-二酮,2,2-二乙氧基乙酰苯,苯偶酰缩酮,如苯偶酰缩二甲醇,2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙烷-1-酮,蒽醌类如2-甲基蒽醌,2-乙基蒽醌,2-叔丁基蒽醌,1-氯蒽醌和2-戊基蒽醌,以及2,3-丁二酮。
还合适的是如DE-A198 26712,DE-A199 13 353或WO98/33761中所述的苯基乙醛酸酯类非泛黄或低泛黄光引发剂。
典型的混合物例如包括2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-2-酮和1-羟基环己基苯基酮、二(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-1-酮、二苯甲酮和1-羟基环己基苯基酮、二(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦和1-羟基环己基苯基酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-1-酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮和4-甲基二苯甲酮或2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮和4-甲基二苯甲酮以及2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦。
在这些光引发剂中优选2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基次膦酸乙酯、二(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦、二苯甲酮、1-苯甲酰基环己烷-1-醇、2-羟基-2,2-二甲基乙酰苯和2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯。
本发明分散体优选基于组分a)-h)的总量以0.05-10重量%,更优选0.1-8重量%,尤其是0.2-5重量%的量包含光引发剂。
本发明分散体优选不含热引发剂。
用于本发明目的的热引发剂是在60℃下的半衰期为至少1小时的那些。热引发剂的半衰期为该引发剂初始量的一半分解成自由基所需时间。
根据本发明优选不存在热引发剂,因此其以小于0.1重量%的量存在。
本发明分散体可以包含其他常规涂料添加剂,如流动控制剂、消泡剂、UV吸收剂、染料、颜料和/或填料。
合适的填料包括硅酸盐,例如可以通过水解四氯化硅得到的硅酸盐,如来自Degussa的硅质土,滑石、硅酸铝、硅酸镁和碳酸钙等。合适的稳定剂包括典型的UV吸收剂如草酰二苯胺类、三嗪类和苯并三唑类(后者可以作为来自前身为现为BASF的Tinuvin R品级得到),以及二苯甲酮类。它们可以单独使用或者与合适的自由基清除剂一起使用,后者的实例是位阻胺类如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,2,6-二叔丁基哌啶或其衍生物,例如癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯。稳定剂通常基于该制剂中包含的“固体”组分以0.1-5.0重量%的量使用。
组分k)
尤其当要在水存在下进行扩链和/或交联时可以使用具有2或更多个伯和/或仲氨基的多胺,因为胺通常比醇或水更快地与异氰酸酯反应。这在需要交联聚氨酯或高分子量聚氨酯的水分散体时通常是必要的。此时该程序是制备含有异氰酸酯基团的预聚物,将它们快速分散于水中,然后通过加入具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯反应性氨基的化合物使它们进行扩链或交联。
适合该目的的胺通常是分子量为32-500g/mol,优选60-300g/mol的多官能胺,其包含至少两个伯氨基、至少两个仲氨基或一个伯氨基和一个仲氨基。该类胺的实例是二胺如二氨基乙烷、二氨基丙烷、二氨基丁烷、二氨基己烷、哌嗪、2,5-二甲基哌嗪、氨基-3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二胺,IPDA)、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,4-二氨基环己烷、氨乙基乙醇胺、肼、水合肼或三胺如二亚乙基三胺或1,8-二氨基-4-氨基甲基辛烷,或更高级胺如三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺或聚合胺如聚乙烯胺、氢化聚丙烯腈或至少部分水解的聚-N-乙烯基甲酰胺,在每种情况下分子量至多为2000g/mol,优选至多1000g/mol。
胺也可以以封闭形式使用,例如以相应酮亚胺(例如参见CA-1129128)、酮连氮(例如参见US-A4 269 748)或胺盐(参见US-A4 292 226)形式使用。例如用于US-A4 192 937中的唑烷类也代表封端的多胺,其可以用于制备聚氨酯以使预聚物扩链。当使用这类封端多胺时,它们通常与在不存在水下与预聚物共混并且随后将该混合物与分散水或部分分散水混合,从而通过水解释放相应的多胺。
优选使用二胺和三胺的混合物,更优选异佛尔酮二胺和二亚乙基三胺的混合物。
多胺的比例基于C=C双键的总量可以为至多10mol%,优选至多8mol%,更优选至多5mol%。
本发明水分散体的固体含量优选为约5-70重量%,优选20-60重量%,更优选30-50重量%。
优选的分散体是如下那些,其中在组分a)和若存在的话g)的化合物的异氰酸酯基团中,
-20-99mol%,优选40-90mol%,更优选55-82mol%已经与组分b)的至少一种化合物的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团发生反应,
-0-50mol%,优选5-40mol%,更优选10-30mol%已经与组分c)的至少一种化合物的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团发生反应,
-1-25mol%,优选5-20mol%,更优选8-15mol%已经与组分d)的至少一种化合物的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团发生反应。
-0-5mol%,优选0-2mol%,更优选0mol%已经与组分d)的至少一种化合物的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团发生反应。
数值涉及官能基团的摩尔当量。
特别优选的分散体是基于组分a)-d)和e)-g)的总和具有其量为至少0.4mol/kg聚氨酯,优选至少0.45mol/kg聚氨酯的来自d)的中和或游离酸基的那些。
由于这一量的结果,优选可以在不使用有机溶剂,更特别的是不使用N-甲基吡咯烷酮下进行分散,这意味着本发明分散体的VOC含量并不因这些有机溶剂增加。
本发明分散体特别适合作为涂料或用于涂料中,更优选用于涂敷基材如木材、纸张、纺织品、皮革、非织造织物、塑料表面、玻璃、陶瓷、矿物建筑材料如水泥模制品和纤维-水泥板,以及尤其是涂敷金属或涂敷的金属。
本发明分散体可以特别有利地用于涂敷木材和木质材料和含木基材,如纤维板。还可以涂敷含有纤维素纤维的基材,如纸张、纸板或卡纸板。非常特别优选该分散体适合涂敷橡木、云杉木、松木、山毛榉木、枫木、胡桃木、麦哥利木(macoré)、栗木、悬铃木、刺槐木、白蜡木、桦木、石松木和榆木,还有软木。
在通过高能辐射固化之后,本发明分散体有利地形成具有良好性能特征,更具体的是高硬度以及足够弹性和良好木纹突出的薄膜。
基材按照熟练技术人员已知的常规方法涂敷,这包括将至少一种本发明分散体以所需厚度施用于待涂敷基材上并通过例如在环境温度或高达60℃的升高温度下干燥和/或闪蒸而除去分散体的挥发性成分。
需要的话,该方法可以重复一次或多次。对基材的施用可以以已知方式,例如通过喷雾、镘抹、刮涂、刷涂、滚压、辊涂或浇注进行。涂层厚度通常为约3-1000g/m2,优选10-200g/m2。
任选地,若一层叠一层地施加两层或更多层涂料薄膜,则辐射固化可以在每次涂敷操作之后进行。
辐射固化通过暴露于高能辐射,即UV辐射或日光,优选波长为250-600nm的光,或通过用高能电子(电子束;150-300keV)辐射而完成。所用辐射源的实例包括高压汞蒸气灯、激光、脉冲灯(闪光灯)、卤灯或受激准分子发射器。在UV固化情况下通常对交联足够的辐射剂量为80-3000mJ/cm2。
辐射任选还可以在不存在氧气下进行,例如在在惰性气体气氛下进行。合适的惰性气体优选包括氮气、稀有气体、二氧化碳或燃烧气。辐射还可以在涂料被透明介质覆盖下进行。透明介质例如为聚合物薄膜、玻璃或液体,例如水。特别优选以如DE-A1 199 57 900中所述方式进行辐射。
在一种优选方法中,固化通过使用本发明制剂处理的基材以恒定速度通过辐射源而连续进行。为此需要使本发明制剂的固化速率足够高。
当在制品涂敷之后进行其中薄膜表面与另一制品直接接触的另一加工步骤或机械操作制品的涂敷时尤其可以利用该固化随时间变化的过程。
本发明分散体的优点是涂敷的制品可以在辐射固化之后立即进一步加工,因为表面不再发粘。另一方面,干燥的薄膜仍然充分柔韧且可拉伸,从而该制品仍可在没有薄膜剥落或撕裂下变形。
本发明借助下列非限制性实施例说明。
实施例
实施例1:
制备本发明聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散体
在搅拌釜中引入78份羟基乙基丙烯酸酯、37份新戊二醇、47份二羟甲基丙酸、572份丙烯酸酯化的多异氰酸酯(LR9000,BASF SE)、0.4份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、0.5份氢醌单甲醚和184份丙酮并在室温下加入0.5份二丁基二月桂酸锡。将该初始料加热至80℃并在80℃下反应6小时。然后用130份丙酮稀释。NCO值为0.24%。在加入184份浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液之后,在45分钟内滴加1400份水。减压蒸除丙酮。加入水将固体含量调节至30%。粘度为320mPas且半透明分散体的粒度为21nm。
实施例2:
制备本发明聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散体
在搅拌釜中引入113份羟基乙基丙烯酸酯、69份二羟甲基丙酸、553份丙烯酸酯化的多异氰酸酯(LR9000,BASF SE)、0.4份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、0.5份氢醌单甲醚和184份丙酮并在室温下加入0.5份Kat24(羧酸铋)。将该初始料加热至80℃并在80℃下反应6小时。然后用130份丙酮稀释。NCO值为0.15%。在加入184份浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液之后,在45分钟内滴加1200份水。然后减压蒸除丙酮。固体含量为37%。粘度为6200mPas且半透明溶液的粒度小于20nm。
对比例1:
重复EP1142947的实施例3(包含PE44F(BASF SE)、二羟甲基丙酸、新戊二醇、新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯)。固体含量为38+/-2%。测得粒度为54nm。
对比例2:
在搅拌釜中引入60份丙烯酸羟乙基酯、36份二羟甲基丙酸、56份新戊二醇、582份丙烯酸酯化的多异氰酸酯(LR9000,BASF SE)、0.4份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、0.5份氢醌单甲醚和184份丙酮并在室温下加入0.5份Kat24(羧酸铋)。将该初始料加热至80℃并在80℃下反应6小时。然后用用130份丙酮稀释。NCO值为0.15%。在加入97份浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液之后,在45分钟内滴加1500份水。然后减压蒸除丙酮。将固体含量调节至30%。粘度为1380mPas且粒度为67nm。
对比例3:
重复实施例2,但553份LR9000被290份LR9000和260份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯异氰脲酸酯(来自Evonik的T1890)的混合物替代。
该分散体的粘度为580mPas且粒度小于20nm。
性能测试
薄膜生产
将来自实施例1和2以及对比例1和2的分散体或溶液与4重量%500光引发剂(BASF SE,前身为Ciba)混合并使用200μm四通棒式施涂器施用于预砂磨的木质基材上。
将涂敷的基材在室温下闪蒸15分钟并在60℃下在强制空气炉中闪蒸30分钟,在IST UV单元中在10m/min的输送带上用2个UV灯(120W/cm)辐射。然后再砂磨(160等级)并随后再次涂敷(如上所述),干燥并UV固化。薄膜呈物理干燥且彻底固化(指甲试验)。
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | |
固体含量1) | 30重量% | 37重量% | 38重量% | 30重量% | 26重量% |
粘度2) | 320mPas | 6200mPas | 30mPas | 1380mPas | 580mPas |
pH | 7.6 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 7.6 | |
外观 | 半透明 | 半透明 | 白色,乳状 | 白色,乳状 | |
粒度3) | 21nm | <20nm | 54nm | 67nm | <20nm |
木纹突出4) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
木纹突出5) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
摆测硬度6) | 133 | 134 | 71 | 126 | |
Erichsen冲盂7) | 4.7 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 5.2 |
1)根据DIN EN ISO3251(1g,125℃)
2)旋转粘度计,23℃,50s-1
3)来自Zetasizer1000,Malvern Instruments,Malvern,UK的平均粒度
4)在胡桃木上的薄膜收缩,根据评分的视觉评价,评分1=最好结果,评分4=最差结果。标准为具有良好木纹突出的基于胺改性的聚酯丙烯酸酯(PO84F)的100%UV配制剂:评分1)。
5)在橡木上的薄膜收缩,根据评分的视觉评价,评分1=最好结果,评分4=最差结果。标准为具有良好木纹突出的基于胺改性的聚酯丙烯酸酯(PO84F)的100%UV配制剂:评分1)。
6)在UV固化之后由方法DIN53157(摇摆)测定摆测硬度
7)Erichsen冲盂(mm)DIN EN ISO1520
Claims (8)
1.一种用在水中作为分散体存在的可辐射固化聚氨酯涂敷的基材,所述可辐射固化聚氨酯由如下组分合成:
a)至少一种脂族二-或多异氰酸酯,
b)至少一种具有至少一个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团和至少一个可自由基聚合C=C双键的化合物,
c)任选的至少一种分子量小于500g/mol且具有至少两个选自羟基、巯基、伯和/或仲氨基的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团的化合物,
d)至少一种具有至少一个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团和至少一个酸基的化合物,
e)至少一种用于中和或部分中和化合物d)的酸基的碱性化合物,
f)任选的至少一种不同于b)、d)和e)的化合物,其仅含有一个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的基团,
g)任选的至少一种不同于a)的二-或多异氰酸酯,
h)任选的其他添加剂,选自反应性稀释剂、光引发剂和常规涂料添加剂,
i)水,和
k)任选的至少一种二胺和/或多胺,
其中在25℃下借助使用Zetasizer 1000的动态光散射测定,在所述水分散体中颗粒的平均直径即z均不超过30nm,以及
其中组分g)的NCO基团的比例基于来自化合物a)和g)的全部所用NCO基团不超过20mol%,其中所述基材包括涂敷的橡木、云杉木、松木、山毛榉木、枫木、栗木、悬铃木、刺槐木、白蜡木、桦木、石松木、榆木、胡桃木或麦哥利木。
2.根据权利要求1的基材,其中所述可辐射固化聚氨酯的双键密度为至少1.5mol/kg。
3.根据权利要求1或2的基材,其中在所述可辐射固化聚氨酯中,组分a)为含有脲基甲酸酯基团且基于六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物,为此使六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯与至少一些化合物b)反应而得到含有脲基甲酸酯基团的低聚物。
4.根据权利要求1的基材,其中在所述可辐射固化聚氨酯中,组分b)选自丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丁基酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丁基酯、丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯、甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯、丙烯酸6-羟基己基酯、甲基丙烯酸6-羟基己基酯、丙烯酸3-羟基-2-乙基己基酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基-2-乙基己基酯、三羟甲基丙烷单丙烯酸酯或二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯或三丙烯酸酯及其混合物。
5.根据权利要求1的基材,其中在所述可辐射固化聚氨酯中,组分c)为脂族或脂环族的。
6.根据权利要求1的基材,其中在所述可辐射固化聚氨酯中,组分d)选自二羟甲基丙酸和二羟甲基丁酸。
7.一种涂敷基材的方法,其中将根据权利要求1-6中任一项的在水中作为分散体存在的可辐射固化聚氨酯施用于基材上,然后干燥并辐射固化,其中所述基材包括涂敷的橡木、云杉木、松木、山毛榉木、枫木、栗木、悬铃木、刺槐木、白蜡木、桦木、石松木、榆木、胡桃木或麦哥利木。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的在水中作为分散体存在的可辐射固化聚氨酯作为涂料的用途或在涂料中的用途,其中所述涂料用于涂敷橡木、云杉木、松木、山毛榉木、枫木、栗木、悬铃木、刺槐木、白蜡木、桦木、石松木、榆木、胡桃木,麦哥利木或软木。
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EP2912084B1 (de) | 2012-10-24 | 2016-12-14 | Basf Se | Strahlungshärtbare wasserdispergierbare polyurethan(meth)acrylate |
EP2757118A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | Allnex Belgium, S.A. | Radiation curable aqueous compositions with reversible drying. |
US9969915B2 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2018-05-15 | Dic Corporation | Urethane resin composition, coating agent, and article |
RU2015155963A (ru) * | 2013-05-27 | 2017-07-04 | Басф Се | Способ получения уретан(мет)акрилатов |
EP2942361A1 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2015-11-11 | Basf Se | Grain enhancement with surfactants in water-based uv-radiation curable polyurethane dispersions |
EP2960306B1 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2020-12-23 | Agfa Nv | Aqueous radiation curable inkjet inks |
US20170158857A1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-06-08 | Dic Corporation | Ultraviolet curable composition |
AU2015357553B8 (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2018-04-05 | Prc-Desoto International, Inc. | Methods for making cured sealants by actinic radiation and related compositions |
CN107001570B (zh) | 2014-12-17 | 2021-05-07 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 基于链增长和交联的聚氨酯的可辐射固化的涂料组合物 |
JP7057876B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-16 | 2022-04-21 | Ube株式会社 | 水性脂溶性重合開始剤分散体、及び水性ポリウレタン樹脂分散体組成物 |
CN108329453B (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-12-29 | 江阴市广豫感光材料有限公司 | 一种水性光固化树脂的制备方法 |
CN112352017B (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2023-04-07 | Dic株式会社 | 水性树脂组合物及其制造方法 |
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