Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/20—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors
  • B02C13/205—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with two or more co-operating rotors arranged concentrically
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/26—Details
  • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for comminuting a light, dry, fibrous material, in particular straw,
• Methods and apparatus for processing a light, dry, fibrous material are used, for example, for the comminution of annual plants.
• a light, dry, fibrous material can sometimes contain excessively long, thin constituents, or, as with straw, for example, be excessively long, comprise or be composed of thin constituents, such as straws and stalks.
• straw With straw are meant essentially threshed, dry stalks, stems and leaves of cereals, oil plants, fiber plants or legumes, which are usually brittle, so breakable.
• a light, dry, fiber-containing material comprises a large number of individual particles, ie the smallest parts which, in their entirety, form the material. Therefore, for example, a particle of the material straw can be both a whole. Being a single piece of plant as well as a chipped or separated part of a plant. Bei- or
• Contaminants such as earth, stones or the like do not count among the aforementioned particles. Crushing reduces the particle size of a particle. With particle size can be oriented on an expansion in different directions such as width, length or diameter, so can For example, alone a reduction of the particle width by a
• Crushing process can be referred to as reducing the particle size.
• a straw stalk should be split into at least two half-shells by crushing. Such splitting improves the adhesion of glue, reduced
• split rate Particle divided by the number of particles before crushing the material. This parameter provides information on the percentage of particles that have been split by a comminution process. A similar parameter is the degree of digestion. For certain, higher quality end products such as decorative panels for exterior walls of houses, interior walls, ceilings or floors, the achievement of a certain length or minimum length of the particles is also required. Long particles allow a targeted orientation of the particles of a material, which is not only very good mechanical
• particle length in contrast to the particle size, only the extent of a particle in the fiber direction or in the longitudinal extent, that is, the direction with the greatest extent, is designated.
• peripheral discharge area of a ring-shaped guide channel provides.
• a free passage to the grinding track can be created and
• the good parts receive additional tangential motion impulses, through which they are thrown targeted in the field of the grinding path, the degree of separation, the particle size or the selectivity can be influenced by annular viewing chambers, which by both sides the front sides of the grinding track
• Particle size or a higher separation sharpness can thus be achieved, for example, by setting a second retention ring with a storage edge h 'to a first storage ring with a lower storage edge h.
• a device for selectively influencing the particle length is not provided in the disclosed racquet mill.
• the invention is based on the object to provide a further developed method and apparatus for comminuting a light, dry, fibrous material, in particular straw.
• a method according to claim 1 and a device according to the independent claim Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.
• the object is achieved by a method for comminuting a light, trocicenen, fibrous material, in particular straw,
• the method provides that by adjusting a gap a - in other words the gap width a - between a blow bar and a striking edge of a crushing device for light , dry, fibrous material, the particle length of the crushed material is specifically influenced.
• crushed material the material is meant after the crushing, A targeted influencing the particle length means that the crushed material has particles with an average particle length or particle length distribution, which In a desired,
• Gap a is allowing a light, dry, fibrous material such as straw to be used for high quality with very little effort
• End products can be further processed, for example decorative panels or later visible chipboard for the interior of
• the comminuted material has a splitting rate of at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 90%, by comminuting material comminuted with at least one beater bar and at least one beating edge of the comminution device, wherein in particular with a star wheel
• a further aspect of the invention relates to a device for comminuting a light, dry, fibrous material, in particular straw, with a material inflow region, an impeller and a
• the apparatus comprises a star wheel for pre-crushing of the material and for spinning, so generating additional
• Starwheel comprises at least one cutting edge, which is preferably oriented radially, four cutting edges are preferably provided,
• the star wheel with at least one cutting edge for pre-shredding the material By means of the star wheel with at least one cutting edge for pre-shredding the material, it is possible to prevent, in particular, over-long particles from winding around the rotating components of the device and thus from closing
• Blockages and blockages lead, which can be removed only with great effort.
• a low maintenance and a particularly large Materiaiischensatz can be achieved, a radial alignment of the cutting edges and the provision of four cutting have proven to be particularly effective in preventing clogging.
• the star wheel ensures an even in the axial direction
• the starwheel according to the invention makes it possible that the device can already achieve a particularly high splitting rate by only using the starwheel and the impeller for comminuting the material.
• the impeller has at least one blow bar for crushing and conveying, ie radial guiding and transporting, of the pre-shredded material.
• a splitting rate of at least 50%, preferably at least 65%, particularly preferably at least 80% could be achieved by the device with a star wheel and an impeller having at least one blow bar, using operating parameters in the usual operating range without having to provide an additional shredding tool. If the aforementioned splitting rate is sufficient for later use, additional cutting or striking tools, for example, an impact ring, as well as the associated high maintenance outlay can be avoided by requiring only the starwheel and the impeller for comminution.
• the device additionally comprises a striking ring with at least one striking edge for comminuting the pre-shredded material, optionally with fewer impact edges of the impact ring as
• Pre-shredding by the star wheel and a further crushing by the impeller is located. Due to the additional provision of a striking ring targeted influencing the particle length of the crushed material and due to a higher cleavage rate a particularly large variety of possible end products by further processing of the crushed material allows Furthermore, by a device with less impact edges of the impact ring as a blow bars of the impeller a particular low production and maintenance costs are made possible,
• a cleavage rate of the crushed material of at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 90% could be achieved by the use of at least one simple, not particularly sharp impact edge, as for example by a
• a lower boundary of the gap is a
• stop which limits the gap a to a gap width of preferably at least 1, 5 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm.
• the impact ring rotates relative to the impeller in opposite directions or not at all or the same speed at a lower speed, with a speed difference of preferably at least 800 U / min, preferably at least 900 rpm, more preferably at least 1000 rpm can be provided.
• Speed difference by means of a relative to the impeller in opposite directions, not at all, or at a lower speed synchronously rotating impact ring is an additional crushing and splitting allows.
• the star wheel, the impeller and the impact ring are such that a splitting rate of at least 60%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 90% can be achieved without an additional comminuting tool. A comminuted material of particularly high quality can thus be produced become .
• the star wheel and / or the impact ring are mounted on the same axis of the impeller, in particular using a hollow shaft.
• a plurality of star wheels are provided which
• the device can with operated particularly high material flow rate or even extra-long "thin components are processed,
• one or more blow bars and / or impact edges may be arranged radially or in a certain angular position, that is fixed in an adjustable angular position.
• the splitting rate and the fines content can be selectively influenced.
• Distance allows the flexibility of the arrangement or adjustability of the angular position of Schlaglelsten and / or impact edges both positive and negative shear effects for a higher crushing performance or a particularly fiber-friendly
• At least one beater bar and / or beating edge comprise a replaceable wear plate for comminution and
• At least one beater bar and / or beating edge comprise a replaceable backing plate for reinforcing one
• At least one beater bar and / or beating edge comprise a support for securing a support plate or
• Wear plate preferably with a fixing device for adjusting and fixing the carrier to the impeller or the impact ring in a certain angular position.
• a fixing device for adjusting and fixing the carrier to the impeller or the impact ring in a certain angular position.
• a locking device for adjusting for adjusting
• the carrier side a slot with a particularly low
• the impeller and / or the impact ring have one or more adjustable stops and / or markings, in particular a scale, for adjusting the gap a.
• Engraving, laser engraving, drilling, notching or printing are preferably used for the marking.
• a mark or an adjustable stop a wear plate after changing particularly easy and quickly brought back into the correct position corresponding to the desired gap width a and fixed there, Also a change in the setting of the gap a is possible with very little effort.
• the apparatus includes a suction unit that conveys the light, dry, fibrous material from the material inflow area through the shear area to the material drain area and regularly from there to a shredded end material recovery bin where it can later be removed
• a suction unit that conveys the light, dry, fibrous material from the material inflow area through the shear area to the material drain area and regularly from there to a shredded end material recovery bin where it can later be removed
• the present invention comprises in particular the embodiments known from European Patent Application 1 21 77485.5 for solving the technical problems mentioned in this patent application. We incorporate the disclosure of this application into the present application.
• the present invention is additionally comprised as follows designed:
• the device for mincing material in particular light material, preferably raw material for plates, a material impurity, a crushing unit and a suction unit for sucking material, in particular light material, through the crushing unit.
• the device comprises a gas source which is connected to an input of the comminution unit and / or to an output of the comminution unit,
• the device comprises one or more channels for guiding a gas flow and / or material flow
• the material supply unit is arranged above the comminution unit, preferably connected to a vertical part of a channel leading to the input of the comminution unit, preferably with a connection in the form of a downwardly inclined channel.
• the device comprises a separation unit for separating heavy foreign matter in the material, preferably in the form of a branched chamber, preferably in a curve and / or in the direction of gravity, preferably branched off from a channel for guiding a gas flow and material flow to the input of the comminution unit,
• the device is such that the cross-section of the output of the comminution unit and / or the cross-section of the channel connected to the output are less than the cross-section of the input of the comminution unit and / or the cross-section of the channel connected to the suction unit, preferably the channel connected to the outlet is T-shaped, preferably with a channel from the gas source to the suction unit.
• the suction unit has a larger cross section than the inlet to the suction unit and / or means for separating gas and material
• the apparatus comprises a manifold for distributing a gas flow into two or more separate gas streams, preferably by a pivotable one Flap preferably within the gas flow with, for example, a hinge located at the center of a Y, T or T-shaped bifurcation.
• the gas source comprises a gas inlet with a grid or filter and / or an outlet with distributor, preferably with a smaller compared to the inlet cross-section of the outlet.
• the device for comminuting material preferably comprises raw material for plates, a material supply unit, a comminution unit and a conditioning unit for treating material before and / or after comminution, preferably by means of conditioned gas.
• the conditioning unit allows for adjusting the gas temperature and / or adding additives to the gas, preferably liquids, other gases, and / or powders.
• the apparatus comprises an injector for adding additives, preferably to gas, for example, within the Gas source, preferably designed as a nozzle-shaped injector preferably arranged in the central region of a chamber or a channel for guiding a gas flow and / or towards the outlet of the chamber or the channel.
• the apparatus comprises an additive feed unit for providing additives to the injector, preferably with a funnel shape, preferably arranged above the injector and / or outside the chamber or channel, and preferably connected to the injector by means of an L-shaped inflow channel.
• the apparatus comprises a heat exchanger for cooling and / or heating a gas, preferably arranged directly in a chamber or channel for receiving or guiding a gas flow, preferably at the inlet of the gas source,
• the shredding unit comprises a knife ring and an impeller.
• Figure 1 Schematic representation of a crushing device (sectional view in front view).
• Figure 2 Schematic representation of gap a (sectional view in front view).
• FIG. 1 shows a device for chopping straw having a moisture content of typically 4% to 8% and a diameter of approximately 6 mm and a length of approximately 300 mm to 400 mm,
• the straw can already be delivered with a shortened length in order to be able to process the material more quickly or with greater material throughput in the present device.
• the material or the straw in the material inflow region 1 strikes axially the star wheels 6, which are spaced apart by approx. 1 00 mm on the same axis 1 8 as the impeller 2 are arranged and have an increasing diameter in the material flow direction.
• the star wheels 6 By radial cutting 7 of the star wheels 6, the straw is pre-shredded.
• the resulting comminution effects comprise, in particular, fiber-parallel splitting of the particles with splitting rates of up to 80% to 85%.
• the result is splinters or narrow, fine chips with substantially preserved fiber structure, which are radially conveyed by the centrifugal force along the blow bars 8 of the impeller 2.
• the striking ring 4 also rotates about the same axis 1 8 as the impeller 2 and the star wheels 6.
• the use of a hollow axle is made possible that the striking ring 4 rotates in opposite directions to the impeller.
• the rotational speed of the impact ring 4 is very low, for example, below 1 00 U / min compared to the impeller with regularly over 1 000 U / min. Similar to the blow bars 8 of the impeller 2, the striking ring 4 impact edges 9.
• the pre-shredded straw which moves radially along the blow bars 8 of the impeller 2 by the centrifugal force, continues due to the inertia, the rotational movement of the impeller even after leaving the blow bars 8 in the shear area 3, where the pre-shredded straw meets the blow bars 8, causing it again comes to the crushing effects described above, a particularly high splitting rate of over 90% to 95% can be achieved.
• the crushed material eventually migrates by the centrifugal force along the striking edges 9 in the material discharge area 5 in the vicinity of the housing 1 7th
• Straw usually has knots in the stalks at intervals of about 1 to 20 mm.
• Such a node has a particularly high strength compared to the straw and is therefore fissile only with great effort.
• a device which provides only a star wheel 6 and an impeller 2 for crushing, these nodes can be split only to a small extent. Due to the additional installation of a striking ring 4, a split in comparison to a larger share node can be achieved.
• the proportion of split nodes is usually lower than the above-mentioned cleavage rates of the material by the crushing.
• the blow bars 8 of the impeller 2 and the impact edges 9 of the impact ring 4 are constructed similarly. Between a front ring and a rear ring 1 6 supports 1 2 are attached.
• the carrier 1 2 are aligned substantially radially. Different angular positions ⁇ , ß of the carrier 1 2 are possible.
• the carrier 1 2 serve as a receptacle for wear plates 1 0, which basically form the beaters 8 and 9 striking edges and are in direct contact with the material.
• the wear plates 1 0 have one or more holes 1 9 for fastening by means of screw 1 4 on. Thus, a slight replacement of the wear plates 1 0 allows.
• the carriers also have a slot 1 3, which allows fixing the wear plates 1 0 in different radial positions.
• a typical adjustment range is 0 mm to 50 mm for both Impeller 2 and Impact Ring 4.
• the slots 1 3 are arranged so that the gap a can typically assume values between 5 mm and 1 05 mm. By stop 1 5 setting a smaller gap width a is not possible.
• a light, dry, fibrous material comprises reeds, in particular a light, dry, fibrous material comprises stems, stems or fibers of grasses such as rice, rice straw, corn, wheat, barley, millet, oats, rye or cattail,
• a light, dry, fibrous material comprises jute, hemp, flax, kenaf, palm fronds or sisal,
• a light, dry, fibrous material comprises coconut, soybean, bamboo, peanut shells, light woods, cotton trees or wool or wool.
• a light, dry, fibrous material includes textile waste, plant waste, paper waste or other light, dry, fibrous waste products,
• straw also includes other lignocellulosic materials, preferably having a straw-like structure, such as, for example, thatch, rice straw or bamboo.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-04-10 DE DE102013206275.3A patent/DE102013206275A1/de active Pending
• 2014
  • 2014-04-03 WO PCT/EP2014/056639 patent/WO2014166797A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2014-04-03 US US14/783,583 patent/US20160082441A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-04-03 CN CN201490000578.0U patent/CN205587069U/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2014-04-03 EP EP14714718.5A patent/EP2983828A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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