EP2938496A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltprägen auf dreidimensionalen gegenständen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltprägen auf dreidimensionalen gegenständenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2938496A1 EP2938496A1 EP13818728.1A EP13818728A EP2938496A1 EP 2938496 A1 EP2938496 A1 EP 2938496A1 EP 13818728 A EP13818728 A EP 13818728A EP 2938496 A1 EP2938496 A1 EP 2938496A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- transfer film
- layer
- pressing
- article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
- B41F16/0006—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band
- B41F16/002—Presses of the rotary type
- B41F16/0026—Presses of the rotary type with means for applying print under heat and pressure, e.g. using heat activable adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
- B41F16/0006—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band
- B41F16/002—Presses of the rotary type
- B41F16/0033—Presses of the rotary type with means for applying print under pressure only, e.g. using pressure sensitive adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
- B41F16/0006—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band
- B41F16/004—Presses of the reciprocating type
- B41F16/0046—Presses of the reciprocating type with means for applying print under heat and pressure, e.g. using heat activable adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
- B41F16/0006—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band
- B41F16/0073—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band with means for printing on specific materials or products
- B41F16/008—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band with means for printing on specific materials or products for printing on three-dimensional articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
- B41F16/0006—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band
- B41F16/0073—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band with means for printing on specific materials or products
- B41F16/008—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band with means for printing on specific materials or products for printing on three-dimensional articles
- B41F16/0086—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band with means for printing on specific materials or products for printing on three-dimensional articles for printing on articles with cylindrical surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F17/00—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for
- B41F17/002—Supports of workpieces in machines for printing on hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F19/00—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations
- B41F19/001—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations with means for coating or laminating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F19/00—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations
- B41F19/002—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations with means for applying specific material other than ink
- B41F19/005—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations with means for applying specific material other than ink with means for applying metallic, conductive or chargeable material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
- B41F23/005—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing of non-flat articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
- B41F23/04—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by heat drying, by cooling, by applying powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1028—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina by bending, drawing or stretch forming sheet to assume shape of configured lamina while in contact therewith
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1028—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina by bending, drawing or stretch forming sheet to assume shape of configured lamina while in contact therewith
- Y10T156/1033—Flexible sheet to cylinder lamina
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for cold embossing on three-dimensional objects, in particular on cylindrical, oval, rectangular, flat objects.
- the hot stamping process is known.
- a transfer or embossing film i.e., a plastic carrier film with a decorative material received, in particular with a metal layer
- the adhesive layer is activated with an embossing stamp with pressure and temperature, so that an adhesion between the metal layer and the printed article is created. Subsequently, the carrier film is peeled off.
- the adhesive is first applied to the article in a printing process (offset printing or flexographic printing). Then the film is laminated and the adhesive layer is dried. As a result, the decoration material adheres to the pre-printed locations and the carrier film with the remaining, non-adhesive decoration material is peeled off.
- a UV-curing adhesive UV adhesive
- the drying of the adhesive then takes place by means of UV radiation through the film.
- the cold stamping process has a number of advantages over the hot stamping process. Since no heating of the adhesive is required by a die, there is no speed restriction. As a result, a cold embossing device can be integrated into a printing press; no separate production process is necessary. Finally, lower tooling costs, since no stamping is necessary.
- three-dimensional objects such as, for example, glasses, bottles, jars, jars or tubes
- the material to be provided with the film and the transfer film must be guided in parallel for a time after lamination in order to be able to achieve curing of the adhesive by exposure to UV radiation.
- three-dimensional objects are, for example, on a holding device such as one in German Utility Model DE 20 2004 019 382 described holding mandrel postponed and rotated by this when printing at various workstations about the longitudinal axis. This makes the item accessible from all sides and it is possible to print the item all around.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of enabling cold embossing on three-dimensional, in particular cylindrical, oval, rectangular, flat objects, in particular on rotary indexing machines or linear stroke machines, in which cold embossing constitutes only a part of the work steps carried out on the article.
- This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a device according to claim 25.
- the object is held rotatably about a rotation axis by a holding device.
- an adhesive is applied to the object at a first workstation.
- a transfer film is pressed by a pressing device on the object at a second workstation.
- the adhesive is hardened at the second workstation.
- the decoration material of the transfer film adheres to the adhesive provided on the object.
- the transfer sheet is removed from the three-dimensional object after being pressed, the decoration material remains at the desired locations on the object.
- the decoration material does not adhere to the article, but remains on the carrier film of the transfer film.
- the transfer film has the carrier film and a decoration material which can be detached from the carrier film, the decoration material starting from the carrier film comprising a transparent release layer, an optional transparent protective lacquer layer, at least one decorative layer and at least one primer layer of a thermoplastic adhesive, the can be activated in a temperature range of> 90 ° C.
- the transfer film has, in particular on its side facing away from the carrier film on a primer layer of a thermoplastic adhesive, the cold foil during transfer as a primer layer to a cold adhesive, in particular a crosslinking adhesive under UV irradiation, acting on an object.
- a particularly firm connection between the decoration material and the object is achieved by a combination of a primer layer of thermoplastic adhesive arranged on the decoration material with a cold adhesive arranged on the object, in particular an adhesive crosslinking under UV irradiation and / or the primer layer can be formed.
- thermoplastic adhesives also called hot-melt adhesives
- cold adhesives in particular UV-crosslinking adhesives
- the decoration material which can be detached from the carrier film preferably has, starting from the carrier film, a transparent polymeric release layer which in a temperature range from 15 ° C. to 35 ° C. has a detaching force of the decoration material from the carrier film in the range from 15 cN to 35 cN, in particular in the range of 20 cN to 30 cN.
- the information on the detachment force refers to a foil strip of 15 cm width.
- the detachment force of the decoration material from the release layer or from the carrier film and the force for extracting areas from the decoration material under transfer conditions must be less than the adhesive force between article and decoration material, which is determined by the type of cold adhesive used and its Composite is influenced with the object on the one hand and the primer layer on the other. Only then can the decoration material or areas of the decoration material detach / detach from the carrier foil during the transfer and stick to the object.
- the detachment force of the release layer from the carrier film must be so high that a secure handling of the transfer film is ensured without the decoration material being detached from the carrier film, for example when unwinding the transfer film from a supply roll and / or during transport of the transfer film optionally via deflection devices, into a cold foil transfer unit.
- the peel force indicates the force (usually in the force / length unit) that is to be used to detach two layers from each other; there is a positive correlation between the peel force of a first layer of a second layer and the adhesion between the first and second layers.
- the determination of the required detachment force between the carrier film and the decoration material of the transfer film according to the invention was determined according to the FINAT test method no. 3 (FTM3, low speed release force).
- the detachment force has the unit N or cN, the force is determined regardless of the path, but based on a 15 cm wide film strip.
- a release material having a polymeric release layer was measured to have release forces from the base sheet that were up to 250%, and more particularly up to 150% higher.
- the decoration material was still sufficiently peelable and, unlike decoration materials of transfer films having wax-based or silicon-based release layers, was very overprintable, and very good adhesion of the dried or cured ink to the decoration material could be achieved .
- the release layer is formed free of wax and / or free of silicone.
- the transfer film does not have a conventional wax-based or silicone-based release layer which hitherto has caused decorative materials of transfer films which have been provided with only limited or not conventional printing inks, in particular UV-curable printing inks, UV-curing lacquers, Hybrid paints or lacquers, were printable.
- a test pattern in the form of an article with the decorative material applied to it cold and printed with decorative material at least on portions was placed on a flat surface.
- a 13 cm to 16 cm long strip of Tesafilm 4104 was adhered to it so that about 5 cm to 7 cm of the tesa film survived beyond the edge of the article.
- the Tesafilm was pressed with the thumb three to four times and finally subtracted at an angle of> 90 ° from the test pattern. The test was passed when 90% of the ink remained on the test sample or the test sample itself was torn.
- Printings of a decorative material with conventional printing inks in particular with the above-mentioned UV-curing printing inks, UV-curing paints, hybrid paints or lacquers, adhered excellently to the decoration material, so that the test could be considered very good.
- the release layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.3 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- This comparatively small thickness of the release layer allows a sharp and clean detachment of the decoration material from the transfer film.
- the achievable accuracy and the achievable resolution can correspond comparatively precisely to the layout of the partial, preferably applied to the object, cold adhesive layer, without departing substantially from it, where can be achieved by a high register accuracy of the cold foil layout to a possibly existing print layout from conventional inks.
- the small thickness of the release layer produces only very small and very few so-called flakes, ie small remnants of the decoration material of the transfer film, which can be disruptive in subsequent process steps and / or disturb the visual appearance of the coated article. Due to the comparatively small thickness of the release layer, resolutions are achievable that are below the resolution of the human eye. Also of advantage in a thin release layer is the only small detachment force which is to be used during the separation of the layers during partial transfer. It has proven useful if the at least one primer layer has a thickness in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, in particular in the range of 1.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the at least one primer layer can be colored and / or matted in order, for example, to enhance an optical contrast to the article, or by a greater absorption possibility or also optical scattering capacity of the UV radiation, the initiation of the polymerization of the existing under the primer layer UV adhesive layer to improve or accelerate. Under matting is to be understood as the reduction of the transparency or radiation permeability of the primer layer.
- the at least one primer layer which is intended to adjoin the cold adhesive has a surface roughness in the range from 100 nm to 180 nm, in particular in the range from 120 nm to 160 nm.
- the surface roughness is determined inter alia by the application method and the formulation of the primer layer. It has been found that a lower surface roughness, but surprisingly also a higher surface roughness of the primer layer, leads to a reduction in the achievable adhesion between a cold adhesive and the decorative material.
- the surface roughness of the primer layer was determined by means of interference microscopy.
- primer layers may be present, differing in their chemical and / or physical properties, on the one hand optimal adhesion towards the adjacent decorative layer (s) and on the other side to achieve optimum adhesion in the direction of the coming into contact with the decorative material cold adhesive, in particular UV adhesive.
- the carrier film preferably has a thickness in the range of 7 ⁇ to 23 ⁇ on.
- the carrier film is preferably formed from polyester, polyolefin, polyvinyl, polyimide or ABS. Particularly preferred in this case is the use of carrier films made of PET, PC, PP, PE, PVC or PS. In particular, a carrier film made of PET has been proven.
- the transfer film has a total thickness in particular in the range of 9 ⁇ to 25 ⁇ , in particular in the range of 13 ⁇ to 16 ⁇ on.
- the decorative material has a protective lacquer layer.
- the protective lacquer layer provides protection against mechanical and / or chemical stress on the decorative material on an article.
- the protective lacquer layer in this case preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.8 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, in particular from 0.9 ⁇ m to 1.3 ⁇ m, and may furthermore be crystal clear, colorless or else colored or at least partially colored.
- dyes and / or pigments can be used. Pigments can also be used to matt the resist layer, i. to reduce the transparency or radiolucency of the protective lacquer layer.
- the at least one decoration layer of the decoration material is preferably formed by a metallic layer or a dielectric layer. It has proven useful if the at least one decorative layer has a thickness in the range of 8 nm to 500 nm.
- the metallic or dielectric layer may be colored by additional, in particular transparent or translucent, ink layers.
- the decoration layer may also comprise only one or more in particular transparent or translucent or opaque color layers without a metallic or dielectric layer.
- the color layers may have been applied in particular by means of printing processes. Suitable printing methods for the ink layer are all common printing processes (eg screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, digital printing).
- the decoration layer may have a lacquer with embossed macroscopic, in particular refractive, or microscopic, in particular diffraction-optical, relief structures.
- These relief structures can be, for example acting refractive lens or prism structures or diffraction-optically, that is diffractively acting lattice structures such as a hologram, a KINEGRAM ®.
- the relief structures can also be isotropic or anisotropically scattering matt structures or regularly or irregularly structured antireflection structures.
- Macroscopic relief structures have approximate sizes (structure period, structure depth) of about 1 ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ on.
- the dielectric layer is in particular formed from at least one material of the group comprising metal oxide, polymer or lacquer.
- the decoration layer may in particular also be formed from an HRI material which is permeable in the UV wavelength range, such as CdSe, CeTe, Ge, HfO 2 , PbTe, Si, Te, TiCl or ZnTe.
- the metallic or dielectric layer may preferably serve as a reflection layer for the relief structures mentioned above and in particular applied directly to the relief structures, in particular vapor-deposited, and thus follow the surface shape of the molded relief structure.
- the decorative layer may have the mentioned dielectric, metallic or color layers in each case over the entire surface and in a uniformly applied layer thickness.
- individual or all of these dielectric, metallic or color layers may also be partially applied and in particular form a motif.
- the motif can be composed of partial area proportions of the individual layers, wherein the individual layers can be formed next to one another and / or overlapping.
- the individual halftone dots of the color layers are present next to each other and / or one above the other.
- the color layers may also be metallic and / or optically variable, i. View angle dependent, pigments or dyes.
- the color layers may also contain fluorescent and / or phosphorescent dyes.
- the decoration layer preferably has register marks in its edge region, which can be optically read out by suitably arranged sensors.
- the feeding or the positioning of the transfer film can be controlled, for example by means of servomotors, so that in each case one motif is positioned on the transfer film register-accurate to a likewise correspondingly adjusted position of the object and then pressing the carrier film onto the object he follows.
- the transfer film has a carrier film and a particularly transparent embossing lacquer layer applied thereto, wherein one or more of the above-mentioned relief structures are embossed into this embossing lacquer layer.
- the embossing lacquer layer with the relief structures is preferably an outer layer of the transfer foil, wherein the relief structures are embossed on the side of the embossing lacquer layer facing away from the carrier foil.
- On the embossing lacquer layer can still be applied a very thin anti-adhesive layer (thinner than 1 ⁇ ). There is no separation between the embossing lacquer layer and the carrier foil in this alternative embodiment. solvent layer.
- the embossing lacquer layer is preferably a UV-cured or electron beam-hardened lacquer layer.
- the relief structures can also be embossed directly in the carrier film, without the use of an additional embossing lacquer layer.
- a very thin non-stick layer (thinner than 1 ⁇ ) can also be applied to the relief structures.
- the object is held rotatably about the axis of rotation by the holding device.
- an adhesive is applied to the object at a first workstation.
- a transfer film is pressed onto the object by a pressing device at a second workstation.
- the adhesive is hardened at the second workstation.
- the relief structure of the embossing lacquer layer is pressed into the adhesive and then exists there as a negative mold of this relief structure.
- no relief structure is impressed on the object. Following this, the transfer film is completely, i.
- the embossing lacquer layer completely arranged on the carrier foil, being peeled off from the object on which only the relief structure shaped in the glue remains.
- an additional UV irradiation can be carried out after the transfer film has been removed in order to achieve particularly good curing of the adhesive. Due to the optical boundary layer air / adhesive with the corresponding difference in the refractive index of both media (for example adhesive about 1.5, air about 1.0), the relief structure is visually effective. The optical effectiveness can be increased if the substrate has a high absorption capacity in the visible wavelength range, that is to say preferably darkened, in particular black.
- the transfer film may preferably be used several times in this alternative embodiment, i.
- the material of the embossing lacquer layer on the transfer film or, alternatively, the material of the transfer film itself is especially selected so that after detachment of the transfer film from the adhesive no or only the smallest parts of the adhesive Adhesive stick to the embossing lacquer layer or the transfer film and pollute the relief structure or partially fill. That The adhesion between relief structure and adhesive should preferably be as low as possible.
- the holding device may for example be a holding mandrel, on which the object is pushed. The article is then held solely from within by friction of the retaining mandrel with the inner surface of the article.
- the holding device may be the object also from the outside, if not the entire surface of the object to be printed or coated.
- the transfer film is pressed onto the article by rotating the article about the rotation axis, guiding the transfer film tangentially to the outer circumference of the article, and pressing the transfer film along the line of contact between the article and transfer film pushes the object.
- the pressing device is moved so that the surface surface speed of the pressing device corresponds to the surface speed of the object.
- the transfer film is moved so that the surface speed of the transfer film corresponds to the surface speed of the article. This ensures that pressing device, transfer film and object do not rub against each other. This prevents smearing of the adhesive on the article. Likewise, the risk of damage to the transfer film or the article decreases.
- the pressing device has a cylinder which can be rotated about the cylinder axis.
- a pressing of the transfer film onto the object can take place in that the transfer film is guided between the cylinder and the object while the cylinder is rotated about the cylinder axis and the object is rotated around the axis of rotation.
- a pressing of the transfer film on flat objects can take place in that the cylinder is guided linearly over the stationary object with simultaneous rotation of the cylinder about the cylinder axis.
- the pressing device has a plate.
- the transfer film can in this case be guided directly along the plate and thereby pressed against the object.
- UV ultraviolet
- mercury vapor lamps for example high-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure mercury doped lamps, carbon arc lamps, xenon arc lamps, metal halide lamps, UV lasers or UV light-emitting diodes can be used as UV radiation sources.
- an electron beam curing can be performed.
- the duration of irradiation of the adhesive during pressing of the transfer film with UV radiation is preferably in the range of less than one second.
- the duration of irradiation of the adhesive after removal of the carrier film from the decorative material applied with UV radiation is preferably in the range of about 0.005 s to 0.05 s, preferably about 0.015 s for 5 mm reference length with a UV-LED with a radiation power from 5 W / cm 2 to 20 W / cm 2 , preferably max. 16 W / cm 2 and a power setting between 40% and 100%.
- cold adhesive in particular the adhesive which crosslinks under UV irradiation
- cold adhesive can of course also or additionally be applied to the at least one primer layer of the transfer film. It has proven useful if the cold adhesive, in particular the adhesive or UV adhesive crosslinking under UV irradiation, is applied to the object in an application quantity in the range from 1 g / m 2 to 3 g / m 2 .
- the amount of cold adhesive is to be varied, with low-absorbent and / or open-pore-free objects, in particular with cold adhesive quantities in the range of 1 g / m 2 to 2 g / m 2 and more absorbent and / or open-pored Articles are subjected in particular with amounts of cold glue in the range of 2 g / m 2 to 3 g / m 2 .
- adhesive or cold glue it is also possible to use a lacquer which adheres sufficiently to the object and later to the decoration material, in particular a clear or colored and thereby transparent, translucent or opaque screen-printing lacquer or flexographic lacquer.
- the adhesive is applied as a transparent, translucent or opaque colored layer, it is also possible to use a plurality of adhesives in different colors and / or shades of gray in order to form, for example, a multicolored motif in the form of a symbol, logos, coats of arms, letters or numbers. that is to say that the motif can be composed of partial area proportions of the individual colors and / or gray levels, wherein the area proportions can be arranged next to one another and / or overlapping.
- the individual halftone dots of the color layers are present next to each other and / or one above the other.
- a radiation having a wavelength in the range from 250 nm to 420 nm is used as the UV radiation for irradiating the adhesive crosslinking under UV irradiation, or the radiation used has an intensity maximum in this wavelength range.
- the UV-crosslinking adhesive used has in particular the following viscosities, measured with the Rheometer MCR 101 meter from Physica (measuring cone: CP25-1 / Q1, measuring temperature: 20 ° C.): viscosity at shear rate 25 1 / s: preferably 120 to 220 Pas, especially 180 Pas
- Viscosity at shear rate 100 1 / s preferably 40 to 90 Pas, in particular 80 Pas
- the UV-crosslinking adhesive used preferably has a tack value in the range from 18 to 25, in particular 22.
- the "tack" or the so-called initial adhesion is determined by means of the measuring instrument Inkomat 90T / 600 from the company strigbau. The following measurement conditions were selected:
- the transfer film if appropriate even its decoration material, for UV radiation in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 420 nm, preferably in the range 380 nm to 420 nm, particularly preferably 380 nm to 400 nm, a transmission in the range from 5% to 70%, especially in the range of 20% to 40%.
- a particularly rapid and, in particular, complete curing of a cold adhesive based on an adhesive which crosslinks under UV irradiation is made possible on the article, whereby the adhesion to the decoration material on the article is further improved.
- the metallic layer only has a layer thickness in the range of 8 nm to 15 nm, preferably in the range of 10 nm to 12 nm. It is also possible that the metallic layer has a layer thickness in the range of 12 nm to 15 nm. Thus, a good visibility and decorative effect of the metallic layer in combination with a high transmittance of UV radiation is achieved (optical density (OD) about 1, 2).
- Conventional transfer films typically use metal layers having a thickness in the range of more than 15 nm in order to achieve optimum brilliance.
- the metallic layer is formed from aluminum, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium or an alloy comprising at least two of these metals.
- the decorative layer has additional color layers in addition to or as an alternative to the metallic layer, it is advantageous if the decorative layer as a whole does not exceed an optical density of about 1.2 in order to achieve sufficient UV transmittance.
- the pressing device is transparent at least in subareas for UV radiation. This makes it possible for the pressing device to be arranged between a UV radiation source which generates the UV radiation and the holding device.
- the UV radiation source can be arranged within a cylinder of the pressing device.
- the cylinder is designed at least in places as a hollow cylinder.
- the material of the cylinder is chosen so that the wavelengths of UV radiation, which are required for the curing of the adhesive, can be transmitted through the cylinder.
- the cylinder may be completely transparent to UV radiation; However, transparent windows can also be provided in the cylinder, so that UV radiation only emerges from the cylinder when the UV radiation is needed to harden the adhesive.
- the area of the article to be exposed to UV radiation can be adjusted so that curing of the UV adhesive upon advancement of the transfer film to the adhesive has progressed so far that the decorative layer of the transfer film adheres to the article and the carrier film can be solved.
- the setting of the area to be exposed can be done, for example, by (possibly adjustable or exchangeable) diaphragms between the UV radiation source and the object. One or more diaphragms can also be attached directly to the pressure device.
- the setting can also be adjusted by adjusting the divergence of the UV radiation emitted by the UV radiation source takes place.
- the pressing device also has a flexible pressure-exerting layer on the holding device.
- the flexible pressure layer may for example consist of silicone.
- an additional UV radiation source can be provided or the UV radiation source can be adjusted accordingly, for example by (possibly adjustable or exchangeable) diaphragms. The adjustment can also be made by adjusting the divergence of the UV radiation emitted by the UV radiation source.
- a coating may, for example, be effected by means of one or more additionally applied transparent, translucent or opaque lacquer layers in order to improve the stability of the article and / or the decoration material and / or to change the visual impression of the article and / or the decoration material.
- This additional coating can be done by downstream printing units, such as screen printing or flexographic printing.
- the coating of a decorative material with a metallically reflecting layer can take place, for example, by means of translucent colors to achieve a particularly colored metallic effect.
- the coating of the decoration material can be done, for example, by means of transparent relief lacquers for optically visible and / or tactile 3D effects.
- the first workstation for applying the adhesive, the second workstation for pressing the transfer film and all other workstations are arranged inline, ie that the processing is carried out without interruption. It is particularly advantageous if the object remains in all workstations on the holding device and passes all workstations together with the holding device. As a result, a high register accuracy can be achieved with a low bearing tolerance between the decoration material and the subsequently applied coating, since the object does not leave the holding device during the entire process and is reliably fixed on the holding device. Likewise, it is thereby possible to print coatings on the object on the article, in particular by means of screen printing, flexographic printing or digital printing, even before application of the decoration material. These previous coatings can be embodied as transparent, translucent or opaque layers. The decoration material can then, as mentioned above, be applied in register with the previously applied coatings in an advantageous manner. In particular, the combination of previous coating, then applied decorative material and subsequent re-coating allows a variety of optical effects and designs.
- the pressure-exerting layer is transparent to UV radiation, at least in some areas.
- the areas in which the pressure-sensitive layer is transparent can be oriented at the areas where the holding device is transparent. But it may also be the pressure layer completely transparent, while the holding device is only partially transparent.
- the first workstation is a flexographic printing station.
- the adhesive can then be attached by means of a printing forme cylinder
- the first workstation may also be a screen printing station or a digital printing station (eg inkjet).
- the invention further relates to a device for cold stamping on a three-dimensional object.
- a device according to the invention has a holding device with which the object can be held rotatably about a rotation axis.
- the apparatus further comprises a first work station having a printing station at which the adhesive can be applied to the article.
- the device further comprises a second work station with a pressing device for pressing a transfer film onto the object and a curing device for curing the adhesive.
- the second workstation is set up so that the pressing of the transfer film and the hardening of the adhesive can take place simultaneously.
- the apparatus comprises a transfer sheet guide adapted to guide the transfer sheet tangentially to the outer periphery of the item.
- the pressing device is arranged so that it pushes the transfer film on the object along the line of contact between the object and transfer film.
- the pressing device is movable so that the surface surface speed of the pressing device can be adapted to the surface speed of the object.
- the transfer film is so wegbar that the surface surface speed of the transfer film can be adapted to the surface speed of the article. This ensures that pressing device, transfer film and object do not rub against each other, ie have no slippage. This prevents smearing of the adhesive on the article. Likewise, the risk of damage to the transfer film or the article decreases.
- the pressing device has a cylinder which can be rotated about the cylinder axis.
- a pressing of the transfer film onto the object can take place in that the transfer film is guided between the cylinder and the object while the cylinder is rotated about the cylinder axis and the object is rotated around the axis of rotation.
- a pressing of the transfer film on flat objects can take place in that the cylinder is guided linearly over the stationary object with simultaneous rotation of the cylinder about the cylinder axis.
- the pressing device has a plate.
- the transfer film can in this case be guided directly along the plate and thereby pressed against the object.
- the adhesive is a UV adhesive.
- the curing device then has a UV radiation source for curing the adhesive.
- UV radiation sources for example, mercury vapor lamps, UV lasers or UV LEDs can be used.
- the pressing device is transparent at least in subareas for UV radiation.
- the pressing device can be arranged between the UV radiation source, which generates the UV radiation, and the holding device.
- the UV radiation source can be arranged within a cylinder of the pressing device.
- the cylinder is designed at least in places as a hollow cylinder.
- the material of the cylinder is chosen so that the wavelengths of UV radiation, which are required for the curing of the adhesive, can be transmitted through the cylinder.
- the cylinder can be completely transparent to UV radiation; but it can also be provided in the cylinder transparent window, so that only UV radiation exits the cylinder when process-related UV radiation is needed to cure the adhesive.
- the area of the article to be exposed to UV radiation can be adjusted so that curing of the UV adhesive upon advancement of the transfer film to the adhesive has progressed so far that the decorative layer of the transfer film adheres to the article and the carrier film can be solved.
- the setting of the area to be exposed can be done, for example, by (possibly adjustable or exchangeable) diaphragms between the UV radiation source and the object.
- One or more diaphragms can also be attached directly to the pressure device.
- the adjustment can also be made by adjusting the divergence of the UV radiation emitted by the UV radiation source.
- the pressing device further comprises a flexible pressure layer on the holding device.
- the flexible pressure layer may for example consist of silicone.
- the pressure-exerting layer is transparent to UV radiation at least in partial areas. The areas in which the pressure-sensitive layer is transparent can be oriented at the areas where the holding device is transparent. But it may also be the pressure layer completely transparent, while the holding device is only partially transparent.
- the pressing device and / or the pressure layer in the wavelength range of
- the transparency or translucency should be in particular 30% to 100%, preferably 40% to 100%.
- the transparency or translucency is dependent on the thickness of the pressure layer. A lower transparency or translucency can be compensated by higher UV intensity.
- the pressing device and / or the pressure-sensitive layer is preferably made of silicone and has a thickness in the range from 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 3 mm to 10 mm, in the region to be irradiated with UV radiation.
- the silicone preferably has a hardness of 30 ° Shore A to 70 ° Shore A, preferably 35 ° Shore A to 50 ° Shore A.
- the silicone may be a hot vulcanizate or cold vulcanizate, preferably a hot vulcanizate.
- the shape of the pressure layer may be flat or three-dimensionally shaped (three-dimensional curved or curved contour with a smooth or textured / textured surface).
- Flat pressure layers are particularly suitable for embossing cylindrical geometries and three-dimensionally shaped pressure layers are particularly suitable for non-circular, oval and angular geometries.
- a textured and / or textured surface of the pressure-sensitive layer may also be advantageous for transferring this structure and / or texture to the surface of the article when transferring the decorative material.
- the structure and / or texture may be an endless pattern or an endless motif or even a single pattern and / or motif or a combination thereof.
- the surface of a silicone surface of the pressure layer can be adhesive for the transfer film to be processed.
- the surface roughness (average roughness) of such an adhesive surface is, according to experience, below about 0.5 ⁇ m, in particular between 0.06 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably between about 0.1 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m.
- an intermediate film in particular made of PET, is provided between the pressure-applying layer and the transfer film.
- the intermediate film reduces the adhesiveness of the pressure-sensitive layer and considerably facilitates the processing of the transfer film because the transfer film no longer interferes with the surface of the pressure-exerting layer.
- the thickness of the intermediate foil increases the effective hardness of the balancing effect of the silicone temple.
- the definition of the measurement requirements for the Shore A measurement method actually prohibits the measurement of the sandwich of the pressure-sensitive layer and the film.
- the Shore A measurement method measures a penetration depth of a specimen between 0 mm and 2.5 mm and prescribes a minimum specimen thickness of 6 mm.
- the film in conjunction with the Shore A measuring method thus simulates greater hardness than actually exists.
- a conclusion of the measured value on the actual / effective hardness is not possible. It can only be said that the effective hardness of the sandwich is greater than the hardness of the silicone die and the film dominates and defines the total hardness of the sandwich, regardless of the thickness of the silicone layer.
- the pressure layer is provided with a non-adhesive surface, so that the use of an intermediate film can be omitted.
- the overall arrangement behaves softer, so that a smaller contact pressure for pressing the article against the pressure layer is sufficient as a result.
- the surface roughness (average roughness) of such a non-adhesive surface is, according to experience, above about 0.5 ⁇ , in particular between 0.5 ⁇ and 1 ⁇ , preferably between about 0.6 ⁇ and 7 ⁇ , more preferably between about 0.8 ⁇ and 3 ⁇ .
- the pressing device or the pressure layer ensures the safe and uniform rolling of the object under defined conditions and compensates for the same shape and movement tolerances.
- the pressing device or the pressure-exerting layer for example, has only a slight contact force in the case of articles made of plastic, since they are deformed in the case of objects made of harder or more resistant materials such as glass, porcelain or ceramic, for example, due to higher shape tolerances and / or higher mechanical stability of the article also slightly higher contact forces advantageous.
- the contact pressure is about 1 N to 1000 N.
- To deformations of plastic parts in addition to prevent, for example, the object to be decorated during the embossing process in a suitably designed holding device can be filled with compressed air.
- the first work station is a flexographic printing station.
- the adhesive can then be applied to the three-dimensional object by means of a printing plate mounted on the printing plate.
- the first workstation may also be a screen printing station or a digital printing station (eg inkjet).
- 1a is a schematic representation of a first workstation of a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 1 b a schematic representation of a first workstation of a further preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention (i) in side view and (ii) in perspective view;
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second workstation of a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the first workstation according to FIG. 1 and the second workstation according to FIG. 2 in a perspective view;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a first exemplary holding device
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a second exemplary holding device
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a second workstation of another preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1a shows a first work station 1, which is designed as a flexographic printing station.
- a printing plate 12 is attached, which determines the motif in which the adhesive is to be applied to the article 4.
- About an anilox roller 13 of the adhesive from a reservoir (not shown) is transferred to the pressure plate 12.
- the adhesive is applied, for example, to the anilox roller 13 with a dipping roller printing unit or with a chambered doctor blade system.
- the object 4 is held by a running as a retaining pin 31 holding device 3 from the inside.
- a running as a retaining pin 31 holding device 3 By rotation of the retaining mandrel 31 about the axis of rotation 32 and the object 4 can be rotated about this axis.
- Simultaneously with the retaining mandrel 31 and the Druckformzylin- is 1 1 rotated with the pressure plate 12, so that the applied to the pressure plate 12 adhesive is transferred to the surface of the article 4.
- Figure 1 b shows a first workstation 1, which is designed as a screen printing station.
- a sieve 15 with a fine mesh fabric determines the motif in which the adhesive is to be applied to the article 4, in that the mesh openings of the fabric are impermeable to the adhesive at the locations where no adhesive is to be applied, for example with a template.
- the adhesive is printed through the fabric of the screen 15 onto the article 4.
- the object 4 is held by a running as a retaining pin 31 holding device 3 from the inside.
- a relative linear movement takes place between the holding mandrel 31 and the sieve 15, so that as a result the article 4 is unrolled along the sieve 15.
- the doctor blade 14 remains stationary relative to the retaining mandrel 31.
- the adhesive is applied to the article 4 according to the motif defined by the stencil.
- Figures 2 and 3 show a preferred embodiment of a second work station 2.
- the holding device 3 with the object 4 held thereon has been moved from the first work station 1 to the second work station 2 after the adhesive has been applied to the article 4.
- the second workstation has a film unwind 22, on which the stock of transfer film 21 is received.
- the transfer film 21 is guided to the article 4 via a plurality of guide rollers 23. Among other things, it allows the web tension of the transfer film 21 to be adjusted via the guide rollers 23 in order to guide the transfer film 21 to the object 4 without wrinkles.
- Two further guide rollers 23a ensure that the transfer film passes tangentially on the object 4 becomes. Via further guide rollers 23, the used transfer film 21 is finally guided to a film take-up 24 and wound thereon.
- the transfer film 21 is pressed by a pressing device against the article 4.
- the pressing device has a cylinder 25, which is coated with a silicone layer 26 for leveling unevenness.
- the cylinder 25 is formed as a hollow cylinder, so that in its interior a UV radiation source 27 can be arranged.
- both the cylinder 25 and the coating 26 are made of materials which are transparent to the UV radiation required for curing.
- the cylinder 25 may in particular be made of soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate, colloquially Plexiglas) or polycarbonate (PC).
- the coating 26 is mechanically fastened on the cylinder 25, in particular by means of clamping strips. But even bonding by means of in particular highly transparent for the UV radiation used and long-term stable under UV radiation adhesive is possible.
- the retaining mandrel 31 with the object 4 located thereon is rotated about the axis of rotation 32, while at the same time the transfer film 21 is guided past the article 4.
- the cylinder 25 is simultaneously rotated about the cylinder axis 28, so that the transfer film 21 is pressed against the object 4.
- the rotational speeds of the cylinder 25 and the retaining mandrel 31 and the transport speed of the transfer film 21 are coordinated so that these three elements are moved without rubbing against each other.
- the UV adhesive is cured by the UV radiation simultaneously with the pressing of the transfer film 21 on the article 4.
- the transfer film 21 is removed again from the article 4 immediately after curing.
- the decoration material for example, the metal layer
- the decoration material adheres to the article 4.
- the decoration material remains on the article Transfer film 21.
- workstations further steps for the treatment of the object 4 can be carried out.
- the article 4 can be printed with different colors, it can be a treatment of the surface of the article 4, for example, to ensure better color pickup, or it can the subject 4 off. closing be provided with a protective layer.
- steps may be performed at workstations before or after the coldstamping workstations.
- the workstations can be arranged for example in a longitudinal clock system or in a rotary indexing system.
- the cold stamping method according to the invention can be carried out on workstations of a long-stroke plant or a rotary transfer plant without the article having to be transferred to another holding device, it is possible to easily integrate the cold stamping process into the production process of the article.
- FIGs 4 and 5 show exemplary embodiments of holding devices that can be used in a device according to the invention or with a method according to the invention.
- the holding device shown in Figure 4 has a retaining pin 31, on which the object is pushed.
- the diameter of the retaining pin 31 is chosen so that the object is held by friction on the retaining mandrel 31.
- air can be sucked through openings 33 at the free end of the retaining mandrel 31, as a result of which the object is pulled close to the retaining mandrel 31 due to the negative pressure in the interior.
- the object sits firmly on the retaining mandrel 31 and can be processed at the workstations, if necessary, on the entire surface.
- the holding device shown in Figure 5 holds the article 4 (here a bottle example) in that the object 4 is clamped at one end in a holder 35 and is rotatably mounted at the opposite end in an abutment 36. By rotating the holder 35 about an axis, the object 4 is also rotated about its axis of rotation and can be processed at workstations.
- a holding device can be used, for example, when the article 4 does not have an opening on one side, which is large enough for a holding mandrel.
- FIG. 6 shows a further preferred embodiment of a second work station 2.
- the guidance of the transfer film 21 substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and will not be described again here.
- the pressing device which presses the transfer film 21 against the object 4 in the contact region 29 between article 4 and transfer film 21, has in the embodiment according to FIG. 6 a flat pressure plate 34, which is provided with a silicone layer 26, for example to compensate for unevenness and to reduce the size Friction between pressing device and transfer film 21, is coated.
- the UV radiation source 27 is arranged above the pressure plate 34, ie on the other side of the pressure plate 34 as the transfer film 21.
- the pressure plate 34 and the coating 26 are made of materials which are transparent to the UV radiation needed for curing, so that the UV radiation emitted by the UV radiation source 27 in the direction of the object 4 can pass through the pressure plate 34 and the coating 26.
- the pressure plate 34 may in particular be made of soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate, commonly Plexiglas) or polycarbonate (PC).
- the coating 26 is mechanically fastened to the pressure plate 34, in particular by means of clamping strips or screws. But even bonding by means of in particular highly transparent for the UV radiation used and long-term stable under UV radiation adhesive is possible.
- the UV adhesive is cured by the UV radiation simultaneously with the pressing of the transfer film 21 on the article 4. Due to the rotation of the object 4 and the tangential course of the transfer film 21 to the article 4, the transfer film 21 is removed again from the article 4 immediately after curing. After the adhesive has cured, the decorative material (for example, the metal layer) of the transfer film 21 adheres to the article 4 at the locations where adhesive was applied to the article 4. The decoration material remains at the locations where there was no adhesive on the transfer film 21.
- the decorative material for example, the metal layer
- further steps for treating the object 4 can be carried out at further workstations (not shown).
- the invention is of course not limited to the holding devices shown.
- any holding device can be used, which allows to hold the three-dimensional object so that all parts of the object to be machined are accessible.
- the second work stations shown in the drawings need not necessarily be used together with the first work station shown in the drawings.
- the first workstation it is not necessary for the first workstation to be a screen printing or a flexographic printing station.
- the first workstation could also be a digital printing station (for example inkjet).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL13818728T PL2938496T3 (pl) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | Sposób i urządzenie do tłoczenia na zimno na przedmiotach trójwymiarowych |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012112556.2A DE102012112556B4 (de) | 2012-12-18 | 2012-12-18 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltprägen auf dreidimensionale Gegenstände |
| PCT/EP2013/077200 WO2014096074A1 (de) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltprägen auf dreidimensionalen gegenständen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2938496A1 true EP2938496A1 (de) | 2015-11-04 |
| EP2938496B1 EP2938496B1 (de) | 2020-01-15 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13818728.1A Active EP2938496B1 (de) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kaltprägen auf dreidimensionalen gegenständen |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US10807357B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2938496B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6546095B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN105189120B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102012112556B4 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUE049378T2 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL2938496T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014096074A1 (de) |
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| US20100212821A1 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2010-08-26 | Scodix, Ltd. | System and method for cold foil relief production |
| JP2009226880A (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-08 | Fujifilm Corp | 箔転写方法 |
| JP2009279868A (ja) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-12-03 | Duplo Seiko Corp | 箔転写方法及び箔転写装置 |
| US8231214B2 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2012-07-31 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for fixing a radiation-curable gel-ink image on a substrate |
| US8177332B2 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2012-05-15 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for fixing a radiation-curable gel-ink image onto a substrate |
| DE102009033810A1 (de) * | 2009-07-18 | 2011-01-27 | Till, Volker, Dipl.-Ing. | Anlage zum Bedrucken von Behältern |
| CH702885A2 (de) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-30 | Cosmocan Technology Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Dosenkörpern sowie Dosenkörper. |
| CN101961965B (zh) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-07 | 成都大前门业有限公司 | 一种热转印印刷工艺 |
| JP5861261B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2016-02-16 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | マイクロレンズ装飾体 |
| CN102248762B (zh) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-10-16 | 天津长荣印刷设备股份有限公司 | 一种单张纸冷烫印刷设备及其工作方法 |
| CN102431699B (zh) * | 2011-08-17 | 2014-10-15 | 深圳市通产丽星股份有限公司 | 一种曲面包装容器的制造方法 |
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2012
- 2012-12-18 DE DE102012112556.2A patent/DE102012112556B4/de active Active
-
2013
- 2013-12-18 WO PCT/EP2013/077200 patent/WO2014096074A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-12-18 CN CN201380073286.XA patent/CN105189120B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-18 HU HUE13818728A patent/HUE049378T2/hu unknown
- 2013-12-18 JP JP2015548502A patent/JP6546095B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-18 US US14/652,976 patent/US10807357B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-18 PL PL13818728T patent/PL2938496T3/pl unknown
- 2013-12-18 EP EP13818728.1A patent/EP2938496B1/de active Active
-
2020
- 2020-09-28 US US17/035,395 patent/US12115772B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014096074A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUE049378T2 (hu) | 2020-09-28 |
| DE102012112556B4 (de) | 2018-09-27 |
| CN105189120A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
| DE102012112556A1 (de) | 2014-06-18 |
| US12115772B2 (en) | 2024-10-15 |
| JP6546095B2 (ja) | 2019-07-17 |
| WO2014096074A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
| JP2016508080A (ja) | 2016-03-17 |
| PL2938496T4 (pl) | 2020-09-21 |
| EP2938496B1 (de) | 2020-01-15 |
| CN105189120B (zh) | 2018-06-01 |
| US20210008867A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
| PL2938496T3 (pl) | 2020-09-21 |
| US20150343761A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
| US10807357B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
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