EP2934893A1 - Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin - Google Patents
Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette finInfo
- Publication number
- EP2934893A1 EP2934893A1 EP13830185.8A EP13830185A EP2934893A1 EP 2934893 A1 EP2934893 A1 EP 2934893A1 EP 13830185 A EP13830185 A EP 13830185A EP 2934893 A1 EP2934893 A1 EP 2934893A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- control
- printing
- intaglio
- intaglio printing
- printed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
- B41F9/06—Details
- B41F9/08—Wiping mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F11/00—Rotary presses or machines having forme cylinders carrying a plurality of printing surfaces, or for performing letterpress, lithographic, or intaglio processes selectively or in combination
- B41F11/02—Rotary presses or machines having forme cylinders carrying a plurality of printing surfaces, or for performing letterpress, lithographic, or intaglio processes selectively or in combination for securities
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
- B41F33/0045—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control for automatically regulating the ink supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
- B41F9/02—Rotary intaglio printing presses for multicolour printing
- B41F9/021—Sheet printing presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
- B41F9/06—Details
- B41F9/061—Inking devices
- B41F9/063—Using inking rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
- B41N1/12—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor non-metallic other than stone, e.g. printing plates or foils comprising inorganic materials in an organic matrix
- B41N1/14—Lithographic printing foils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
- B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
- B41P2233/51—Marks on printed material for colour quality control
Definitions
- the present invention relates in particular to a method for controlling intaglio printing, as well as to a control range intended for intaglio printing, in particular for the printing of securities, in particular banknotes.
- the present invention also relates to the use as well as the application of such a control range for verifying the printability of a safety pattern to be printed in intaglio, as well as for the control and, the if necessary, the adjustment of the printing parameters of an intaglio printing press.
- the intaglio is a secular printing technique which consists of printing patterns in relief by means of an intaglio printing plate (which is designated in the context of the present invention by the expression "plate of intaglio printing >>).
- the intaglio printing plate is inked on its surface by means of one or more inks.
- the surplus of ink off the engravings is then wiped and pushed inside the engravings.
- the printing plate thus inked and wiped is applied against a printable substrate (eg fiduciary paper) in a press exerting a high printing pressure and pressing the substrate against the printing plate so that the ink of the engravings is transferred to the substrate.
- a printable substrate eg fiduciary paper
- Intaglio printing presses as used for the production of securities, in particular banknotes, are for example described in Swiss Patent No. CH 477 293 A5, the European patent applications published under the Nos. EP 0 091 709 A1, EP 0 406 157 A1, EP 0 415 881 A2, EP 0 563 007 A1, EP 0 873 866 A1, EP 1 602 483 A1, and the international applications published under Nos. WO 01/54904 A1, WO 03/047862 A1, WO 2004/026580 A1,
- intaglio printing plates were hand-engraved in a soft metal plate, for example copper, brass or other suitable metal or metal alloy.
- the tools used by the engraver typically consisted of chisels or punches whose end was sharpened and adapted to the desired dimensions of the patterns to be engraved, the latter motifs consisting essentially of lines and curves modulated in dimensions, depending on the action exerted by the engraver, to produce tonal variations reproducing the half-tones of the image to be engraved, for example a portrait.
- the intaglio printing technique is particularly used in the field of the printing of securities, in particular for the printing of bank notes, intaglio printing remaining one of the printing techniques more difficult to counterfeit.
- the present Applicant has proposed an innovative approach for the production of intaglio printing plates, an approach which is described in the international application published under No. WO 03/103962 A1 (which application is incorporated by reference as a whole in the part of this application).
- This method consists in generating a set of three-dimensional digital data consisting of pixels each representative of an elementary point to be etched in the surface of the plate, the etching being performed pixel by pixel on the basis of said three-dimensional digital data.
- a printing plate can be directly etched.
- a printing plate precursor preferably a metal plate carrying a polymer layer
- WO 03/103962 A1 the replication of the original on the plate is performed in a digital environment, this in particular making it possible to compensate for the distortions of the paper during intaglio printing. , compensation that was simply impossible using the techniques used previously. Furthermore, the technique described in international application No. WO 03/103962 A1 allows the creation of patterns that extend from one banknote to another, without discontinuities, that is to say, patterns that extend to the edge of the bank note without interruption (as can be seen in the illustration of Figure 1 discussed below).
- Figure 1 shows illustrative reproduction in black and white of a banknote specimen produced by the applicant and distributed to the public on the occasion of the XIX International Conference of Security Printers ( "XIX th International Security Printers Conference ”) organized by Intergraf (w w.inierqraj.eu) and held during the month of May 2003 in Montreux (Switzerland).
- This specimen representing Lord Byron, was produced according to the above-mentioned CTiP® process, all the elements visible in FIG. 1 being constituted by intaglio printed multicolor elements.
- machine settings especially printing pressure, inking, contact settings, temperature, etc.
- the printer must in particular carry out an adjustment of the printing pressure (that is to say the pressure exerted between the intaglio printing plate and the substrate to be printed), the ink charge (i.e., the amount of ink applied to the intaglio printing plate), as well as the wiping.
- the printing pressure that is to say the pressure exerted between the intaglio printing plate and the substrate to be printed
- the ink charge i.e., the amount of ink applied to the intaglio printing plate
- a general object of the present invention is therefore to improve the techniques and solutions of the prior art.
- an object of the present invention is to propose a solution enabling a printer to evaluate and measure in an objective (and quantifiable) way the capacity of a security design that can be printed intaglio.
- an object of the present invention is to propose a solution enabling a printer to objectively perform the basic adjustment of an intaglio printing press for the printing of a safety drawing, by example a bank note, based on objective and measurable control elements.
- Another object of the present invention is to propose a solution enabling a printer to evaluate and measure in an objective (and quantifiable) manner the effects of intaglio print parameters on the printed result, in particular the equilibrium. between the printing pressure and the ink charge as reflected on the printed result.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to propose a solution enabling a printer to quantify the variations in quality, density, positive and negative fattening of the printed lines (or "line gain") with respect to a result. and thus to limit or mitigate the effects of these variations on the print quality, thus ensuring a good repeatability of the print.
- Another object of the present invention is to propose a solution enabling a printer to identify and objectively and quantifiably diagnose the probable source of a possible printing problem, by relying on objective control means and measurable to allow it to include or exclude potential causes of the potential printing problem.
- the present invention serves these purposes by providing a method for controlling an intaglio printing whose characteristics are set forth in independent claim 1.
- printing pressure, ink charge, and wiping are print parameters that can affect intaglio printing.
- the method according to the invention thus comprises the following steps: (a) defining on the intaglio printing plate control ranges designed in such a way as to make it possible in particular to evaluate the effects of the printing pressure applied at the time of printing; printing (iii) the substrate and evaluating the effects of the ink charge applied during inking (i) of the intaglio printing plate, which control strips are etched in a portion of the intaglio printing plate to produce corresponding printed control areas on the substrate;
- the printing pressure and the ink charge are adjusted until the measurements made in the printed control areas reflect an optimal balance between the printing pressure and the ink charge.
- Such optimal equilibrium is in particular preferably determined on the basis of measurements made in the printed control areas, which measures include a measurement of optical density (or “optical density”), of line cleanliness (or “raggedness”). and the line fill rate (or "/ ' // >>).
- control ranges include at least one control range for each ink used, and measurements made in the printed control areas are made for each ink individually.
- the measurements made in the printed control areas include the measurement of a line cleanliness ("raggedness"), the measurement of a line fill rate ("/ ' //>>), and the measurement of an optical density according to a measurement standard determined, in particular according to ISO / IEC 13660: 2001 or ISO / IEC TS 24790: 2012 (which cancels and replaces ISO / IEC 13660: 2001).
- the measurement of the line cleanliness ("raggedness"), the measurement of the line filling rate ("/ " // >>) as well as the measurement of the optical density (“optical density”) are carried out on printed lines oriented essentially at ⁇ 45 ° with respect to a printing direction and preferably having a line width of between 30 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
- the measurements made in the printed control areas further include the measurement of a contrast, which measurement allows an objective evaluation of the printability of multi-tone elements.
- the measurements made in the printed control areas should preferably make it possible to constitute a sampling of measurements representative of the printing of engravings of various depths, in particular engravings whose depth varies within a range of values less than or equal to 70 ⁇ .
- the method further comprises a step of verifying the printability of a security design to be printed intaglio by means of the intaglio printing plate, provided that a printer has made a desired adjustment of said print parameters.
- the printing parameters of an intaglio printing press are checked and, if necessary, adjusted, according to the measurements made in the printed control areas.
- the present invention also fulfills the above-mentioned purposes by providing a control range whose characteristics are set forth in the independent claim 14. Variants Advantageous of this control range are presented in the description which follows and form the subject of the dependent claims.
- control range according to the present invention finds a particularly advantageous application for the purpose of allowing a verification of the printability of a security design to be printed in intaglio by means of an intaglio printing plate provided with the control range.
- control range according to the present invention finds another particularly advantageous application for the purpose of allowing the control and, where appropriate, the adjustment of the printing parameters of an intaglio printing press, in particular of the pressure printing and ink charge.
- control range according to the present invention also finds an advantageous application for the purpose of enabling quality control of the intaglio printing plate itself.
- the present invention also relates to an etched plate for intaglio printing, in particular an intaglio printing plate or an intaglio printing plate precursor, comprising the abovementioned control range made in a portion of the plate. etched, the control pads being etched in the portion of the engraved plate, preferably in a portion forming a margin on an end portion of the etched plate.
- the present invention also relates to any printed substrate (for example printed sheets or a printed continuous strip) by means of an intaglio printing plate according to the invention.
- the present invention furthermore relates to any digital origination file intended for the production of an intaglio printing plate, comprising a set of representative digital data. a safety drawing to be engraved, as well as a set of digital data representative of the aforementioned control range.
- FIG. 1 shows a halftone image of a banknote specimen with the portrait of Lord Byron as produced by the Applicant and distributed to the public during the year 2003;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an intaglio printing press as used for the production of securities, especially banknotes;
- Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the intaglio printing unit of the printing press shown in Figure 2;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an intaglio printing plate provided with a control range according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a control range having several control ranges according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 6 schematically illustrates printed control areas resulting from the printing of the control range of Figure 5;
- Figure 7 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a control range having several control ranges according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a method for adjusting the print parameters of an intaglio printing press according to an exemplary implementation of the invention
- Fig. 9 is a schematic view illustrating a line cleanness measurement, a fill rate measurement, as well as an optical density measurement of a printed line as a control element;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the reflectance measured along the line I-I in Figure 9.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an intaglio printing press generally designated by reference numeral 1.
- Fig. 2 shows a sheet 1 intaglio printing press comprising a sheet feed unit 2 for feeding sheets to be printed, an intaglio printing unit 3 for printing the sheets, and a leaf issuing unit 4 for collecting the freshly printed sheets.
- the intaglio printing unit 3 comprises a printing cylinder 7 (in this example, it is a three-segment cylinder), a plate cylinder 8 (in this example, it is of a three-segment cylinder carrying three intaglio printing plates), an inking system comprising an ink collecting cylinder, or Orlof cylinder, 9 (here it is a three-segment blanket cylinder) carrying a corresponding number of blankets) for inking the surface of the intaglio printing plates carried by the cylinder plate holder 8, and an ink wiper system 10 for wiping the inked surface of the intaglio printing plates carried by the plate cylinder 8, before printing the sheets.
- a printing cylinder 7 in this example, it is a three-segment cylinder
- a plate cylinder 8 in this example, it is of a three-segment cylinder carrying three intaglio printing plates
- an inking system comprising an ink collecting cylinder, or Orlof cylinder
- the sheets are fed from the sheet feed unit 2 to a feed table, or feeder, and then transferred one by one to the printing cylinder 7.
- the sheets are then conveyed by the printing cylinder 7 to the point where between the printing cylinder 7 and the plate cylinder 8, where the intaglio printing itself takes place.
- the sheets are transferred from the printing cylinder 7 to a sheet conveyor system 15 for transport and delivery to the sheet delivery unit 4.
- the sheet conveyor system 15 conventionally includes a system sheet conveyor comprising a pair of endless chains driving a plurality of spaced apart gripper bars holding the sheets by their front part (the freshly printed face of the sheets being oriented downwards during the path of the sheets of the printing unit 3 to the leaf issuing unit 4), the sheets being successively transferred to a corresponding clip bar of the conveyor system.
- the optical inspection system 5 is advantageously a compliant inspection system. to that disclosed in the international application published under No. WO 201 1/161656 A1, which inspection system 5 includes a transfer mechanism and an inspection drum located at a transfer section between the impression cylinder 7 and the drive wheels of the chains of the sheet conveyor system 15.
- the inspection system 5 may alternatively be arranged in the path of the sheet conveyor system 15, for example in the image of the inspection systems described in FIG. international applications published under Nos. WO 97/36813 A1, WO 97/37329 A1, and WO 03/070465 A1.
- Such inspection systems are in particular marketed by the Applicant under the designation of NotaSave® product.
- the printed sheets Prior to delivery, the printed sheets are preferably transported in front of a drying or curing unit 6 disposed after the inspection system 5 along the transport path of the sheet conveyor system 15. Drying or curing could if necessary, be carried out before the optical inspection of the sheets.
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of the intaglio printing unit 3 of the intaglio printing press 1 of Figure 2.
- the printing unit 3 essentially comprises the printing cylinder 7, the plate cylinder 8 with its intaglio printing plates, the ink system with its ink collecting cylinder 9, and the ink wiper system 10.
- the impression cylinder 7 and the plate cylinder 8 (as well as the ink collecting cylinder 9) are three-segment cylinders 7b, resp. 8b, each presenting three pits 7a, resp. 8a, where are typically the retaining means necessary for mounting the blankets (in the case of the printing cylinder 7 or the ink collecting cylinder 9) or intaglio printing plates (with respect to the cylinder door -plate 8).
- the inking system comprises in this example five inking devices 20, all of which cooperate with the ink collecting cylinder 9 which is in contact with the plate cylinder 8. It will thus be understood that the inking system illustrated is adapted for the indirect inking of the plate cylinder 8, namely intaglio printing plates, via the ink collecting cylinder 9.
- the inking devices 20 each comprise an inkwell comprising an inkwell roller Cooperating in this example with a pair of ink application rollers 22.
- a pair of ink application rollers 22 in turn have a corresponding pinch cylinder 23 which is in contact with the ink collecting cylinder 9.
- the surface of the pinch cylinders 23 is structured so as to have portions in relief corresponding to the areas of the intaglio printing plates to receive the corresponding color inks provided by the inking devices 20.
- the impression cylinder 7 and the plate cylinder 8 are both supported by a stationary (main) frame 50 of the printing press 1.
- the inking devices 20 (including the ink roller 21 and the ink application rollers 22) are supported in a moving ink carriage 52, while the ink collecting cylinder 9 and Shaft cylinders 23 are supported in an intermediate carriage 51 located between the inking carriage 52 and the stationary frame 50.
- the inking carriage 52 and the intermediate carriage 51 are advantageously suspended under support rails.
- the double trolley configuration of the intaglio printing press 1 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 corresponds essentially to the configuration described in the international applications published under Nos. WO 03/047862 A1, WO 201 1/077348 A1, WO 201 1/077350 A1 and WO 201 1/077351 A1 already mentioned in the preamble.
- the ink wiper system 10 typically comprises a wiper tub, a wiper roll (or roll) 1 1 supported on and partially located in the wiper tub so as to engage the plate cylinder 8, cleaning means (not shown) for removing ink residues wiped from the surface of the wiper cylinder 1 1, and a drying blade (not shown) placed in contact with the surface of the wiper roll 1 1 in order to remove the residues of wiping solution from the surface of the wiper roll 1 1.
- An exemplary embodiment of a particularly suitable wiping system is described in the international application published under No. WO 2007/1 16353 A1.
- FIG. 4 A schematic example of an intaglio printing plate, generally designated by the reference numeral 80, is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- This printing plate 80 is typically made of a suitable metal (for example nickel or brass other metals are however conceivable) whose surface is provided with a wear-resistant coating (for example a chromium coating).
- a wear-resistant coating for example a chromium coating.
- the front and end ends of the intaglio printing plate 80 (with respect to the direction of printing indicated by the arrow I in FIG. 4) are provided with a set of orifices permitting the fixing of the intaglio printing plate 80 on the circumference of a plate cylinder of an intaglio printing press (as the plate cylinder 8 of Figures 2 and 3).
- Suitable means are conventionally used to produce etchings in the surface of the printing plate 80.
- These engravings can advantageously be made according to the principles set forth in the international applications published under Nos. WO 03/103962 A1 and WO 2009/138901 A1, already mentioned above, which both relate to the CTiP® technique developed by the Applicant.
- Other techniques can however be implemented to achieve these etchings, and the present invention is not specifically limited to a particular etching technique.
- the reference numeral 100 in FIG. 4 designates an individual safety design, represented very schematically by a simple rectangular shape, corresponding to a security impression to be made, for example a banknote, as illustrated. in Figure 1.
- Reference numeral 100A denotes the set of safety drawings 100, repeated, as is conventionally the case, in the form of a matrix arrangement (here comprising five columns and eight rows), which is intended to be printed on the sheets .
- Reference numeral 150 designates a control range according to the invention illustrated very schematically, an essential function of which is to enable a printer to perform, on the sheets printed by means of the plate Intaglio print 80, various measures relating to intaglio printing.
- the control range 150 (170) is made in this example on the end portion of the printing plate 80, so that the corresponding printing appears on the terminal part of the sheets .
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a control range, generally designated by the reference numeral 150, according to a first embodiment of the invention, although variants can be envisaged (like the other example illustrated in Figure 7) without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
- the control range 150 illustrated in FIG. 5 comprises a set of control ranges distributed in a direction perpendicular to the printing direction I. More specifically, these control ranges consist of a predetermined set of control elements (here number of five) designated by references A to E in Figure 5, which are repeated several times transversely to the printing direction I, as shown in the upper part of Figure 5.
- control ranges of the control range are each intended to be inked by means of a specific ink.
- the inks are five in number (which corresponds to the number of inking devices 20 in the press intaglio print 1 of Figures 2 and 3).
- the CD references at dans in Figure 5 denote as such the ink by means of which each control range is inked.
- the lower part of Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the first five control ranges, designated by numerals 151 to 155, at the left end of the control range 150.
- the first control range 151 incorporates the characteristics of the first control range 150.
- control element A Similarly, the second to fifth control ranges 152 to 155 respectively take the characteristics of the second to fifth control elements B to E.
- the other control ranges of the control range 150, to the right of the control zone control range 151, as represented on the upper part of FIG. 5, are not detailed on the lower part of FIG. 5 because they take up the same structures as those of the zones 151 to 155.
- the dimensions of FIG. each control range is of the order of 4 mm in height and 5 mm in width.
- control areas 154, 155, 153 (which respectively correspond to the control elements D, E, C) at the left end of the control range 150 form a set which is inked with the same first intaglio ink ⁇ .
- This is further represented by an index a ⁇ on the right side of the control range 153, a corresponding index being provided to identify the intaglio ink used for inking each range or set of control ranges.
- control range 152 (corresponding to the control element B) is in turn inked by means of a second intaglio ink ⁇ , while the control range 151 (corresponding to the control element A) is inked by means of a third intaglio ink ®, this being represented by an index respectively corresponding to a3, on the right side of the control range 152, respectively 153.
- These permutations between elements of control A to E and CD inks ⁇ are continued over the entire control range 150.
- the two control ranges immediately to the right of the control range 151 (which are not represented on the control part). lower part of FIG.
- control elements C and B correspond to the control elements C and B (and have the same structures as those of the control tracks 153 and 152, except the indicative index of the ink) inked respectively by means of a fourth ink cut-away ⁇ and a fifth intaglio ink ⁇ , as shown on the upper part of Figure 5.
- control elements A to E are restored as control pads inked with all five inking intaglio ⁇ to ⁇ .
- only the control elements A to C are restored in the form of control areas inked by means of the five intaglio inks ⁇ to ⁇ .
- the control elements D and E are only returned in the form of control areas inked by means of the first intaglio ink ⁇ (like the control areas 154 and 155).
- control ranges of the control range 150 comprise a set of lines and / or curves with orientations and dimensions (width and / or depth) varied, to make the desired measurements.
- the lines and / or curves are selected with particular regard to the following considerations.
- the intaglio printing depends on a vital factor, namely the printing pressure.
- the printing pressure has the effect of pushing the substrate more or less deeply inside the engravings to come into contact with the ink therein.
- Excessive printing pressure typically has the effect of potentially causing the ink to overflow outside the engravings (commonly referred to as "spitting"), which affects the sharpness and cleanliness of the printed lines.
- This overflow, or spitting is also influenced by the amount of ink actually present in the engravings.
- a balance must therefore be found between the printing pressure and the ink charge so as to ensure that both the thin (and shallow) lines and the wide (and deeper) lines can be properly printed.
- the spitting phenomenon may indeed occur due to excessive ink loading and / or excessive printing pressure, as these two print parameters may individually or jointly lead to overflow. ink outside engravings.
- BL broadband paper
- BL paper which, when cut into sheets, has fibers whose orientation is typically perpendicular to the longer side of the sheets (which longer side is itself conventionally oriented perpendicular to the printing direction) ).
- the fiduciary paper fibers are typically oriented substantially parallel to the printing direction I (i.e. substantially 0 ° to the printing direction I). Paper fi ber fibers have been found to provide some resistance to paper penetration in intaglio print plate etchings.
- the resistance of the paper to penetrate the engravings is lower for essentially vertically oriented engravings (i.e. engravings). substantially parallel to the printing direction I). Conversely, the resistance of the paper to penetrate the engravings is more important for engravings oriented substantially horizontally (i.e., engravings substantially perpendicular to the printing direction I).
- the printing direction I also coincides with the wiping direction, with the consequence that the vertically oriented engravings typically contain less ink than the substantially horizontally oriented engravings, which are perpendicular to the wiping direction. and therefore retain the ink better.
- control element A rendered in particular in the form of the control range 151 in FIG. 5, it is a question here of making a set of horizontal lines (that is to say perpendicular to the direction of wiping I).
- this is a set of about twenty lines having a line thickness (Iw) of the order of 100 ⁇ and a line spacing (Is) of the order of 100 ⁇ , a line density of the order of 50 lines / cm.
- the control element A is subdivided into four quarters and the line depth (Id) is different for each quarter, in a range of values preferably less than or equal to 40 ⁇ .
- four quarters of the control element A have depths of 12 ⁇ , 18 ⁇ , 25 ⁇ and 35 ⁇ .
- the control element A is mainly used to perform contrast measurements between the different quarters composing the control element, and thereby to evaluate the print quality of multi-tone elements.
- a multi-tone element is generally printed using a single intaglio ink and has tonal variations typically resulting from a variation in engraving depth in a range of values of the order of some microns to about 40 ⁇ .
- the control element A replicates the typical variations of depths of engraving used for the creation of multi-tone elements.
- the control element D rendered in particular in the form of the control range 154 in FIG. 5, is, as it were, similar to the control element A, with however horizontal lines having a smaller line thickness (Iw). (for example of the order of 60 ⁇ ) and a higher line density.
- control element D replicates, not in its form but in the values of line width, line spacing and depths, typical values for the printing of micro-texts.
- This control element D is subdivided into four quarters, with a level of printability decreasing, that is to say that the decreasing printability makes the quarter concerned more difficult to print than the previous quarter, and therefore requires a increased printing pressure.
- the control element D thus allows a control of the printing pressure on four levels.
- the control element D is only printed by means of the first intaglio ink ⁇ .
- the printability of the control element D can be evaluated with the naked eye or, preferably, by a measurement of the line filling rate ("/ ' //") as explained below.
- the correct printing, that is to say without broken or broken lines, of at least one of the four fourths composing the control element D lays the foundation for a pressure adjustment adapted to the printing of 'fine elements, such as micro-texts.
- control elements B and C rendered in particular in the form of the control areas 152 and 153 in FIG. 5, consist of a set of lines oriented at ⁇ 45 ° with respect to the printing direction I (FIG. and in the sense of wiping). This orientation at ⁇ 45 ° of the lines is particularly advantageous in the context of the present invention, insofar as these lines have a median position which is neutral with respect to the orientation of the fibers of the paper and with respect to the wiping direction. . Measurements made by means of control elements B and C must thus make it possible to overcome in a certain measuring the effects of paper fibers and the wiping direction. These control elements B and C serve mainly to measure the balance between the printing pressure and the ink charge. As will be seen below, the measures preferably include measuring a line cleanliness (or "raggedness"), a line fill rate (or "////”), and a density optical (or “optical density”) lines.
- control element C this is an illustration of a set of lines at ⁇ 45 ° with a line thickness (Iw) of the order of 200 ⁇ and a spacing line (Is) of the order 160 ⁇ .
- control element B again, for illustrative purposes, a set of lines at ⁇ 45 ° with a line thickness (Iw) of the order of 100 m and a spacing of line (Is) of the order 160 ⁇ .
- the control elements B and C are also subdivided into four quarters and the line depth (Id) is different for each quarter, in a range of values less than or equal to 70 ⁇ (it being specified that the engraving depths raising to 100 ⁇ or more, are also possible).
- control elements B and C thus make it possible advantageously to constitute a sampling of measurements (in particular line cleanness, line filling rate, and optical density of the lines) representative of the printing of engravings of various depths, in particular engravings whose depth varies in a range of values less than or equal to 70 ⁇ .
- each control element B and C makes it possible to form a sampling of four measurements (one for each quarter).
- the fifth control element E rendered in particular in the form of the control range 155 in FIG. 5, is constituted as an illustration of a set of horizontal lines (with a line density comparable to the lines of the control element D) combined with a pictorial motif (here a portion of a pattern representing a pegasus). This element makes it possible in particular to check the printability of two-tone patterns by a visual appreciation.
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an example of an impression of the control range 150 of FIG. 5, the printing of the control range 150 generally being designated by the numeral 160.
- the various ranges of FIG. control shown above are thus restored, after intaglio printing of the substrate, in the form of a set of printed control areas corresponding to the various control elements A to E printed in the various colors corresponding to intaglio inks ⁇ to ⁇ used.
- each control range corresponds to a corresponding printed control zone, the reference numerals 161 to 165 thus denoting the printed control areas corresponding respectively to the control ranges 151 to 155 of FIG. 5.
- the sets of lines and / or constitutive curves of the control ranges are thus restored in the form of corresponding sets of lines and / or printed curves, on which it is possible to perform measurements, as discussed below.
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a control range according to a second embodiment of the invention, which control range is generally designated by reference numeral 170.
- control range 170 illustrated in FIG. 7 comprises a set of control ranges distributed in a direction perpendicular to the printing direction I. More precisely, these ranges of control are constituted by a predetermined set of control elements (here nine in number) designated by the references K to S in FIG. 7, which are repeated several times transversely to the printing direction I, as illustrated on FIG. the upper part of Figure 7.
- control ranges of the control range are each intended to be inked by means of a specific ink.
- the inks are again five in number and the references CD to ⁇ denote once again the ink by means of which each control range is inked.
- the lower part of Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the first nine control ranges, designated by numerals 171 to 179, at the left end of the control range 170.
- the first control range 171 incorporates the characteristics of the first control range 170.
- control element K Likewise, the second to ninth control ranges 172 to 179 repeat the characteristics of the second to ninth control elements L to S.
- the other control ranges of the control range 170, to the right of the range 171, as shown in the upper part of Figure 7, are not detailed on the lower part of Figure 7 because they have the same structures as those of the ranges 171 to 179.
- control ranges 171 to 177 are of the order of 4 mm in height and 4 mm in width
- dimensions of the two control ranges 178 and 179, present only at the two ends of the control range 170 are of the order of 4 mm in height and 5 mm in width.
- control elements K to S are rendered in the form of control ranges inked by means of the set of five in-process cd inks.
- the control elements K and M to Q are rendered in the form of control areas inked by means of the five intagration inks ⁇ to ®.
- the control elements L, R and S are in turn restored in the form of control areas inked by means of a single or only part of the intaglio inks ⁇ to CD. This is another example of a non-limiting embodiment.
- control ranges of the control range 170 make it possible once again to evaluate in particular the effects of the printing pressure applied during the printing of the substrate, and to evaluate the effects of the ink charge applied during the inking of the intaglio printing plate 80.
- control elements K to S have been designed as follows.
- control elements R and S restored in particular in the form of the control areas 178 and 179 in FIG. 7, these have the same characteristics as the control elements E and D of FIG. acting on the control element K, rendered in particular in the form of the control range 171 in FIG. 7, reference is made, in this example, to producing a set of horizontal lines (that is to say perpendicular to the wiping direction I) similar to the set of lines forming the control element R.
- a set of lines having a line thickness (Iw) of the order of 60 ⁇ and a line spacing (Is) of the order of 60 ⁇ .
- control element K (as well as the control element R) is subdivided into four quarters and the line depth (Id) is different for each quarter, in a range of values less than 40 ⁇ .
- four quarters of the control element K (and R) have line depths (Id) of 12 ⁇ , 18 ⁇ , 25 ⁇ and 35 ⁇ .
- the control elements K and R are mainly used to measure the effects of the printing pressure.
- the control elements M to Q rendered in particular in the form of the control areas 173 and 177 in FIG. 7, consist of a set of lines oriented at ⁇ 45 ° with respect to the printing direction I (FIG. as the control elements B and C in Figure 5), subdivided into four quarters.
- this is an illustration of lines having a line thickness (Iw) of the order of 100 ⁇ (element M) or 200 ⁇ (elements N to Q) and a line spacing (Is) of the order of 160 ⁇ , the line depth (Id) being varied in a range of values from 8 ⁇ to 70 ⁇ , in the illustrated example.
- the control element O illustrated in FIG. 7 differs significantly from the control elements M, N, P and Q in that the lower right quadrant does not consist of lines, but forms a solid area, indicated by the reference numeral 180. , namely a substantially continuous region consisting of a relatively large surface etching (of the order of 4 mm 2 of surface in this example) and a depth of the order of 40 ⁇ with a structuring, or grain, in the etching background of the order of 55 ⁇ to 70 ⁇ .
- the aim here is to produce a substantially uniform impression in which optical density measurement can be performed.
- An optical density measurement can also be performed on lines, but the flat 180 offers the advantage of a larger area in which it is easier to perform an optical density measurement.
- control element M to Q advantageously make it possible to constitute a sampling of measurements representative of the printing of engravings of various depths, in particular engravings whose depth varies within a range of lower values or equal to 70 ⁇ .
- the control element M makes it possible to constitute a sampling of four measurements (one for each quarter) on four values of different depths (for example 20 ⁇ , 35 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ and 70 ⁇ ). acting as printed lines having a line thickness (Iw) of 100 ⁇ .
- the control elements N to Q make it possible to constitute a sampling of fifteen measurements (one for each quarter, except the solid 180) on fifteen values of different depths (for example 8 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ , 15 ⁇ , 20 ⁇ , 25 ⁇ , 30 ⁇ , 35 ⁇ , 40 ⁇ , 45 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ , 55 ⁇ , 60 ⁇ , 65 ⁇ and 70 ⁇ ) in the case of printed lines having a line thickness (Iw) of 200 ⁇ .
- the sampling is more important for lines with a line thickness (Iw) of 200 ⁇ insofar as these lines are, as already mentioned, more sensitive to variations in the equilibrium between the pressure. print and the ink charge that lines 100 ⁇ wide.
- the control element L rendered in particular in the form of the control range 172 in FIG. 7, consists of a set of thin, shallow lines oriented at ⁇ 45 ° with respect to the printing direction, which together is subdivided into four quarters. In this example, it is a question of lines having a line thickness (Iw) as well as a line spacing (Is) of the order of 30 ⁇ whose line depth (Id) is equivalent to 12 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 22 ⁇ or 30 ⁇ , depending on the quarter considered.
- This control element L may in particular serve as an additional control element for measuring the effects of the printing pressure.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the main steps of a method for adjusting the print parameters of an intaglio printing press (for example a printing press according to FIGS. 2 and 3) according to a example of implementation of the invention.
- This method involves first (step S10) the preparation and supplying of an intaglio printing plate (like the intaglio printing plate 80 shown in FIG. 4) provided with a control range according to the invention, for example the control range 150 or 170 discussed above.
- the printer then proceeds (in step S12) to a presetting of the printing parameters of the intaglio printing press, in particular the printing pressure, the ink charge, and the printing press. wiping.
- These are nominal parameters generally recommended by the manufacturer of the intaglio printing press and which must make it possible to perform an intaglio printing of good bill, with the understanding that a subsequent adjustment of these parameters is typically necessary in practice.
- the printer can proceed to print test sheets (in step S14) by means of the intaglio printing plate provided with the control range.
- step S16 measurements can then be made (step S16) on the printed control areas corresponding to the control ranges of the control range, in particular for the purpose of checking the printing pressure and the load. ink (step S18), and if necessary to make corresponding adjustments (step S20) before starting a new print.
- the printer will try in practice to find an optimal balance between the printing pressure and the ink charge, and the measurements made in the printed control areas must in particular make it possible to find this optimal balance.
- the control element D must make it possible to check whether a minimum printing pressure value is reached, and the control elements B and C must make it possible to quantitatively measure the degree of line spitting, that is to say, whether the balance between printing pressure and ink charge is good or not, this on two types of characteristic lines as discussed above.
- the control element A of the control range 150 completes the analysis by allowing a measurement of the resultant contrast values representative of the balance between printing pressure and ink charge.
- the said quantitative measurements are carried out in the printed control zones rendering lines oriented at ⁇ 45 ° with respect to the printing direction I (in the image of the control zones printed 162, 163 restoring the control elements B and C of the control range 150 or the printed control areas restoring the control elements M to Q of the control range 170).
- These quantitative measures preferably include the measurement of a line cleanliness, a degree of line filling and an optical density according to a given standard, in particular according to ISO / IEC TS 24790: 2012 (accessible on the site). of the International Organization for Standardization, wwwJso.org, which standard is incorporated by reference in this application), the first edition of which was published on August 15, 2012. This standard supersedes the earlier ISO / IEC 13660 : 2001 which has been technically revised, but remains relevant for the implementation of the present invention.
- Raggedness according to ISO / IEC TS 24790: 2012 is a measure of the degree of sharpness of a line with respect to a standard line threshold (or “edge threshold”). The measure of “raggedness” is performed according to the guidelines mentioned in clause 5.3.6 of ISO / IEC TS 24790: 2012, ie by first determining the edge threshold defined as the reflectance level, R 4 o in a reflectance curve of a line (see Figure 10) corresponding to 40% of the transition of a minimum reflectance value F n (typically corresponding to the measured reflectance of the printed line 200) to a reflectance value R max (typically corresponding to the measured reflectance of an unprinted portion of the substrate), as schematically shown in Figure 9.
- edge threshold defined as the reflectance level, R 4 o in a reflectance curve of a line (see Figure 10) corresponding to 40% of the transition of a minimum reflectance value F n (typically corresponding to the measured reflectance of the printed line 200) to a reflectance value R max (typical
- the two dummy lines 210 in Figure 9 schematically illustrate the corresponding line threshold to the reflectance value R 40 thus determined. Then, a measurement of the standard deviation of the variations, or “residuals", 250 with respect to the thresholds of line 210 is carried out, to arrive at a quantification of the "raggedness".
- the "/ ' //" according to ISO / IEC TS 24790: 2012 is a measure of the degree (or rate) of filling of a line, carried out according to the guidelines mentioned in clause 5.3.7 of ISO / IEC TS 24790: 2012.
- the set of quantitative measurements can be carried out by means of an optical measuring device, generally designated by the reference numeral 500 in FIG. 9, for example by means of a device of LabQMD type as marketed by the Applicant.
- the transposition in an intaglio printing plate of the control range and the control ranges according to the present invention can be carried out according to the principles already stated in the international applications WO 03/103962 A1 and WO 2009/138901 A1, jointly with the safety drawing to be printed intaglio.
- the transposition can be carried out, preferably by laser etching, either directly in a printing plate or indirectly in a printing plate precursor, this precursor being then used to produce several printing plates by galvanic replication.
- the transposition of the generated patterns advantageously comprises the generation of a set of three-dimensional digital data consisting of pixels each representative of an elementary point to be etched in the surface of the printing plate or the printing plate precursor, the etching as such being operated pixel by pixel on the basis of these three-dimensional digital data.
- the present invention also encompasses any engraved plate for intaglio printing (especially any intaglio printing plate or intaglio printing plate precursor) having a control range according to the present invention. .
- the present invention also encompasses any digital origination file intended for the manufacture of an intaglio printing plate comprising a set of digital data representative of a safety drawing to be engraved, as well as a set of numerical data representative of a control range according to the present invention.
- Other control patterns which may be more complex, may be envisaged, it being understood that the ranges of FIG.
- the main purpose of the control is to measure the effects of the intaglio print parameters, in particular the printing pressure and the ink charge.
- the control range can be adapted to according to the needs, in particular the number of inks applied to the intaglio printing plate. The invention is as such applicable regardless of the number of inks used.
- control ranges directly in the security drawing to be printed, in place of or in addition to control ranges of a control range as discussed above arranged in the margin of the drawing of FIG. security.
- the claimed control method is thus not limited to the use of a specific control range, however, it is noted that a specific control range arranged in the margin of the safety drawing has the advantage of not affecting the drawing. as such and not to restrict designers' choices.
- the above-mentioned measurements made in the printed control areas can be carried out by means of any suitable measuring tool. It may be a device type LabQMD as already mentioned above or an inspection table of the type described in the international application published under No. WO 2012/131581 A1 and marketed by the Applicant under the ColorCheck III designation. As such, an automated or semi-automated control of the intaglio print quality is perfectly conceivable in the context of the present invention. It could also be envisaged that these measurements are carried out online, during intaglio printing, for example by means of a suitable inspection device placed in the intaglio printing press, in the image of the inspection system 5 shown in Figure 2.
- control ranges for evaluating and measuring the wiping of the printing plate another parameter characterizing intaglio printing. That being so, it is preferable to evaluate the quality of the wiping on the entire printed substrate and, if necessary, to make adjustments. correspondents. Measurement of wiping by one or more control ranges may not necessarily be representative of the wiping quality of the entire printed substrate.
- the present invention is not limited by the type of measurements described above, any other measurement making it possible to quantify the intaglio print quality being conceivable.
- the techniques described in the international applications published under Nos. WO 2008/146262 A2 and WO 201 1/018764 A2 as a means for assessing the intaglio print quality as a means for assessing the intaglio print quality.
- the row cleanness, line fill rate, optical density, and, where appropriate, contrast measurements mentioned above, however, prove to be very advantageous in the context of the present invention for quantifying the quality of a print size. soft.
- Sheet conveyor system (sheet conveyor system comprising a pair of endless chains driving a plurality of spaced apart gripper bars holding a front portion of the sheets)
- I print direction (also corresponds to the wiping direction)
- control range 150 control elements A to E
- control ranges 151 to 155 control elements A to E
- control range 150 control ranges 151 to 155 / control areas printed 161 to 165)
- control ranges of the control range 170 control elements K to S
- control range 170 control ranges 171 to 179
- color index / stencil first intaglio ink / first cylinder chablon
- first intaglio ink first cylinder chablon
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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EP13830185.8A EP2934893B1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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EP12198762.2A EP2746049A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin |
PCT/IB2013/061170 WO2014097227A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin |
EP13830185.8A EP2934893B1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin |
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EP2934893A1 true EP2934893A1 (fr) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2934893B1 EP2934893B1 (fr) | 2019-08-21 |
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EP12198762.2A Withdrawn EP2746049A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin |
EP13830185.8A Active EP2934893B1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin |
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EP12198762.2A Withdrawn EP2746049A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Procédé de contrôle d'une impression taille-douce et gamme de contrôle à cette fin |
Country Status (13)
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US (1) | US10150283B2 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP2746049A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6313782B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20150096690A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN104918787B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2013365732B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112015014589A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2895221A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2015008081A (fr) |
PH (1) | PH12015501431A1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2646727C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014097227A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA201505213B (fr) |
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JP5943867B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-26 | 2016-07-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 印刷装置及び印刷方法 |
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CN106379049B (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-07-31 | 上海紫江彩印包装有限公司 | 一种凹版印刷图像质量控制方法 |
EP3398782A1 (fr) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-07 | KBA-NotaSys SA | Système d'encrage pour encrer un cylindre d'impression en creux d'une presse d'impression en creux, presse d'impression en creux le comprenant et procédé d'encrage d'un tel cylindre d'impression en creux |
CN108116045B (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-09-17 | 北京雅昌艺术印刷有限公司 | 一种标准化的印刷控制方法 |
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DE102007029211A1 (de) * | 2007-06-25 | 2009-01-08 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Verbesserter Druckkontrollstreifen zur Farbmessung auf Bedruckstoffen |
EP2119527A1 (fr) | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-18 | Kba-Giori S.A. | Procédé et système pour la fabrication de plaques d'impression en creux pour la production de papiers sécurisés |
CN101518980B (zh) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-09-15 | 武汉大学 | 综合目测、密度测量与色度测量的印刷色彩品质检测方法 |
MX2012001852A (es) | 2009-08-11 | 2012-03-07 | Kba Notasys Sa | Autentificacion de los documentos de seguridad, paticularmente de billetes. |
EP2338682A1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-29 | KBA-NotaSys SA | Presse d'impression intaglio dotée d'un chariot mobile supportant un cylindre Orlof |
EP2399745A1 (fr) | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-28 | KBA-NotaSys SA | Système d'inspection pour l'inspection en ligne de documents imprimés produits sur une presse d'impression de rotogravure |
US8571269B2 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-10-29 | Xerox Corporation | Image quality defect detection via sensor characterization and halftone dot classification |
EP2505356A1 (fr) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-03 | KBA-NotaSys SA | Dispositif d'inspection hors ligne et mesure de la couleur de feuilles imprimées |
FR2974029B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-01-17 | Serge Hasle Camille | Procede de tests d'impression sur un substrat et son dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
-
2012
- 2012-12-20 EP EP12198762.2A patent/EP2746049A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-12-20 WO PCT/IB2013/061170 patent/WO2014097227A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-12-20 KR KR1020157018090A patent/KR20150096690A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-12-20 AU AU2013365732A patent/AU2013365732B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-12-20 CA CA2895221A patent/CA2895221A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2013-12-20 EP EP13830185.8A patent/EP2934893B1/fr active Active
- 2013-12-20 JP JP2015548859A patent/JP6313782B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-20 US US14/653,622 patent/US10150283B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-20 BR BR112015014589A patent/BR112015014589A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-12-20 RU RU2015126330A patent/RU2646727C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-12-20 MX MX2015008081A patent/MX2015008081A/es unknown
- 2013-12-20 CN CN201380069673.6A patent/CN104918787B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-06-19 PH PH12015501431A patent/PH12015501431A1/en unknown
- 2015-07-20 ZA ZA2015/05213A patent/ZA201505213B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2014097227A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20150096690A (ko) | 2015-08-25 |
US20160185100A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
EP2934893B1 (fr) | 2019-08-21 |
AU2013365732A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
ZA201505213B (en) | 2016-12-21 |
CN104918787A (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
AU2013365732B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
BR112015014589A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
RU2646727C2 (ru) | 2018-03-06 |
JP6313782B2 (ja) | 2018-04-18 |
CA2895221A1 (fr) | 2014-06-26 |
MX2015008081A (es) | 2016-03-07 |
CN104918787B (zh) | 2018-07-13 |
WO2014097227A1 (fr) | 2014-06-26 |
US10150283B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 |
JP2016506320A (ja) | 2016-03-03 |
EP2746049A1 (fr) | 2014-06-25 |
PH12015501431A1 (en) | 2015-09-07 |
RU2015126330A (ru) | 2017-01-24 |
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