EP2929100B1 - Wall block for a wall system - Google Patents

Wall block for a wall system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2929100B1
EP2929100B1 EP13807956.1A EP13807956A EP2929100B1 EP 2929100 B1 EP2929100 B1 EP 2929100B1 EP 13807956 A EP13807956 A EP 13807956A EP 2929100 B1 EP2929100 B1 EP 2929100B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brick
bricks
grid
wall system
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13807956.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2929100A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Metten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metten Stein and Design GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Metten Stein and Design GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Metten Stein and Design GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Metten Stein and Design GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL13807956T priority Critical patent/PL2929100T3/en
Publication of EP2929100A1 publication Critical patent/EP2929100A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2929100B1 publication Critical patent/EP2929100B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/12—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/023—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with rabbets, e.g. stepped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0267—Building elements with the appearance of several bricks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/028—Spacers between building elements
    • E04B2002/0284—Spacers between building elements forming a unity with the building elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brick for a wall system, comprising an upper part, which comprises the upper side of the brick, and a lower part, which comprises the underside of the brick, wherein the brick at its top and / or on its underside has at least one spacing ,
  • the invention further relates to a wall system, comprising: at least two bricks arranged one on top of the other, and a grid arranged between the at least two bricks disposed one upon the other, the grate extending out of the wall system on at least one side of the wall system for anchoring in the ground.
  • the invention relates to a method for building a wall system.
  • Natural stones are stones that are found in nature, while artificial stones must be produced by special manufacturing processes.
  • the artificial stones include, for example, bricks or concrete blocks.
  • dry stone walls For masonry or masonry systems, a distinction is made between dry stone walls and concrete walls.
  • the joints between the individual bricks are usually filled with mortar. The hardening of the mortar creates a strong bond between the individual bricks in concreted walls.
  • Dry walls are characterized by the lack of mortar or concrete. The single ones Bricks are placed loose on top of each other instead. The cohesion of bricks in dry stone walls, for example, by the friction between the bricks. This has the consequence that dry walls have a much lower stability than concrete walls. They are therefore hardly suitable as free-standing walls, but are based regularly against a slope or against a pile. Dry stone walls are used, for example, as retaining walls for terracing steep slopes or in horticulture for the enclosure of plant beds or raised beds. These uses estimate the environmental benefits of dry stone, such as the permeability of water.
  • the stability of dry stone walls can be increased, for example, by the use of specially shaped bricks.
  • the cohesion of the bricks is often done in this case by a positive connection, which forms due to the coordinated shape of the bricks.
  • the bricks on a projection and a recess so that the projection of a brick can engage in the recess of the adjacent brick ("tongue and groove principle").
  • the specially shaped bricks can also be hollow bricks.
  • Bricks which - as described above - are shaped as hollow blocks and form a positive connection with each other, for example, from EP 1 437 448 A1 , of the EP 1026 334 A2 and the EP 0 649 714 A1 known.
  • a brick according to the preamble of claim 1 is in the DE 197 46 555 A1 described.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a brick, a wall system and a method for building a wall system, which allow a favorable production and high stability of the wall.
  • the underside of the brick refers to the side that faces down when building a wall. If the brick is part of a wall, the underside of a brick in the bottom row is thus directed towards the ground or foundation. The bottom of bricks in higher rows is accordingly directed to the top of the underlying brick. Under the top of the brick that side is understood, which is directed at the erection of masonry upwards. If the brick is part of a wall, the top is so - with the exception of the top row of walls - always directed to the underside of the overlying brick and serves this stone as a support surface.
  • top and / or the bottom of the brick are provided according to the invention with at least one spacer, a well-defined distance to the next higher or lower brick can be adjusted and thus a defined joint height can be achieved.
  • a spacer is therefore to be distinguished from a projection for forming a positive tongue and groove connection, since such a projection is neither suitable nor intended to set a defined joint height.
  • a defined joint height has the advantage that a precisely determinable space for a desired amount of mortar between two successive bricks can be adjusted. In this way, the connection between two adjacent bricks can be improved.
  • a precisely defined distance between two adjacent bricks if not only a connection between these two bricks to be made, but if a component between these two bricks to be attached.
  • Such a component may, for example, be a grid or a net that is to be mortared between the bricks in order to serve as an anchorage in the ground.
  • the spacer is shaped so that it allows a safe, tilt stable stacking of bricks.
  • This can be achieved, for example, in addition to a corresponding shape of the spacer, that the brick on its top and / or bottom has a plurality of spacers.
  • the use of more than one spacer on an outer surface has several advantages. First arise between the spacers free spaces whose volume can be filled, for example, with mortar. In addition, components that are to be fastened between the bricks can be guided into these free spaces. Finally, it can be ensured by a plurality of spacers that the brick not only punctually, but adheres to the desired distance to the adjacent brick in several places. As a result, a particularly dimensionally accurate wall can be built.
  • That side of the brick, which is opposite to the spacer, is flat.
  • the top of the brick should be flat and vice versa. So it should have only one side of the brick one or more spacers.
  • the opposite surface may be formed completely flat, so have neither projections nor recesses on its entire surface.
  • the brick on its underside a plurality of spacers, while the top of the brick is completely flat.
  • a flat surface also has the advantage that the spacers do not have to be pushed into a predetermined recess of the adjacent brick, but can come into contact with the adjacent brick at any point. In this way, walls with slightly offset bricks, ie walls with a low inclination, can be erected. In this case, it may be advantageous that the spacers do not extend all the way to the back of the bricks, but maintain a distance from the back. This has the advantage that the spacers completely on the - offset arranged - rest underlying brick and do not protrude beyond its edge.
  • the brick has a base at its top and / or on its underside. Under a pedestal is understood a survey that does not extend over the entire top and / or bottom. At least one base is provided on that side of the brick on which the spacers are provided. This has the advantage that the opposite side can be formed flat, which facilitates the production of the brick. Due to the height of the base, the volume of the free space, which adjusts between two adjacent bricks, can be influenced. The height of the base should be smaller than the height of the spacer, otherwise the function of the spacer is no longer guaranteed. Preferably, the base holds a defined, constant distance to the front ("visible side") of the brick. As a result, visually appealing joints can be achieved. For example, even with a drywall the impression of a grout filled with mortar can be awakened.
  • the upper part and the lower part of the brick are offset laterally relative to each other.
  • An offset has the advantage that the contact surface to the laterally adjacent Bricks of a wall is enlarged.
  • the lower part of the brick has an upwardly directed base and / or that the upper part of the brick has a downwardly directed base.
  • the base is preferably arranged in the region of the offset, that is to say in that region in which there is no longer any covering of the two parts of the brick.
  • the base holds a defined, constant distance to the front of the brick, whereby visually appealing joints are achieved.
  • the impression of a grout filled with mortar can be awakened by the base, even in the case of a drywall.
  • the brick on its front side on a dummy joint is a joint that does not completely cut through the brick, but only exists in the area of the surface of the brick.
  • a dummy joint creates the impression of a "real" joint, ie a gap that arises between two separate bricks.
  • a dummy joint has, in addition to its optical advantages, the technical effect that optically separated bricks are mechanically and structurally connected to each other and thus formed in one piece. This can increase the stability of the wall. This is due to the fact that with the same size of the wall, the number of required bricks smaller and the mass of the individual bricks is greater. Due to the higher mass of the pressure between adjacent, stacked stones is increased, which may be desirable, for example, dry stone walls can. In addition, by reducing the number of stones required the construction of a wall can be accelerated.
  • the dummy joint between the upper part and the lower part is arranged.
  • the dummy joint runs horizontally, ie horizontally. If the two parts of the brick are laterally offset relative to each other, the apparent joint between the two parts of the brick shortens the length of the dummy joint to cover the upper part of the brick and the lower part of the brick. Because in the area of the offset creates between two laterally adjacent bricks a "real" joint, which continues the dummy joint. Since a dummy joint must be formed in the brick, a shortening of the length of the dummy joint leads to a more favorable manufacturability of the brick.
  • the brick is a solid brick.
  • a solid brick so a solid stone without significant cavities, has the advantage over a hollow brick that it can be made easier.
  • solid stones need not be filled when building a wall.
  • the higher mass of bricks leads to a higher pressure in the area of the bearing surface of stacked stones, which may be desirable especially in dry stone walls to increase the stability of the wall.
  • the brick is made of concrete.
  • the production of artificial stones made of concrete has the advantage of low cost and a more variable shape of the stones.
  • Particularly suitable is a concrete of the performance class or compressive strength class C 35/45 with a maximum water absorption of 6.0% by weight, a binder content between 250 kg / m 3 and 500 kg / m 3 , a Wasserzementwert ("w / z- Value ”) of less than 0.5 and a largest grain diameter of 11 mm proved.
  • the brick has a recess for the positive connection of a grid.
  • a grid In order to increase the stability of a wall, it may be necessary to connect the wall with a flexible, tensile grid, which is anchored in the ground. Alternatively or in addition to a mortaring of the grid in the joints of the wall comes for this purpose, a positive connection of the grid in question.
  • the brick - preferably on its back - have a recess.
  • the recess preferably has an undercut and may, for example, have the cross-sectional area of a circle from which a small circle segment has been cut off.
  • the recess preferably extends transversely and extends over the entire back of the brick, so that the recess has a slot-like opening on the back of the brick and one (partially) circular opening in the rear region of the two side surfaces of the brick.
  • the slot-like opening should be smaller than the maximum inner diameter of the recess.
  • An attachment can be made for example by a rod which is inserted into the side openings of the recess and whose diameter is larger than the slot-like opening. In this way, the flexible grid wraps around the rod and is held in a form-fitting manner in the recess.
  • the object is achieved in that the grid is mortared between the bricks.
  • the grid between the adjacent bricks is mortared, can a particularly reliable connection between the bricks and the grid can be achieved.
  • the bricks can thus transfer particularly high tensile forces on the grid, whereby the grid can allow a reliable anchoring of the wall in the ground.
  • Such grids are also referred to as "geogrids".
  • the mortar of the grid has the advantage that even with flat contact surfaces a firm connection between bricks and grid can be achieved.
  • Mortaring is not just a mortar connection;
  • the term mortaring also includes a compound by other building block bonding materials that contain an aggregate (eg, sand or fine gravel), a binder (eg, cement or lime), and water.
  • bricks with different formats in particular with a different grid width, be used.
  • bricks with different formats of the course of the joints In particular, an offset course of the vertical joints can be achieved, which increases the stability of the wall system.
  • the grid is made of plastic.
  • the grid has high modulus, warmer synthetic yarns or fibers which are surrounded by a polymer protective layer.
  • the polymeric protective layer may be aramid and / or Have polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the grid is arranged exclusively in horizontally extending joints of the wall system.
  • the construction of the wall is facilitated, since the mortar can be easily introduced into horizontal, ie horizontal joints as in vertically extending, ie vertical joints.
  • an anchoring of the grid in the soil with horizontally extending grids by layering of the Erdreichts is simpler than with vertical grids.
  • the grid may be located in any horizontal groove or only in some of the horizontally extending joints of the wall system.
  • a further embodiment of the wall system provides that the bricks are mortared only in the area of the grid or that all the joints of the wall system are mortared.
  • the bricks are mortared only in the area of the grid or that all the joints of the wall system are mortared.
  • the wall can be built faster than would be the case with a complete mortaring of all joints.
  • the benefits of a drywall e.g. the permeability of water, remain in a only locally occurring mortaring some joints.
  • grouting all joints of the wall system has the advantage of maximum stability.
  • the task is accomplished by the following steps: building a first row Building bricks, placing a grid on the first row of bricks, applying mortar, building a second row of bricks on the first row of bricks and on the grid, shaking up soil, and anchoring the grid in the ground area.
  • the first and second rows may be any two directly adjacent rows of bricks.
  • the first row does not necessarily have to be the bottom row of the wall system.
  • the second row have to be the second bottom row of the wall system.
  • the process steps "placing the grid” and “applying mortar” can be reversed. It can therefore first be placed on the bricks grid and then the mortar are applied or it is first applied the mortar on the bricks and then - promptly - pressed the grid in the already applied mortar.
  • a first layer of soil can be poured up to the height of the bricks.
  • the grid can be placed on the first row of bricks and the first layer of landfill and mortared with the bricks.
  • the second row of bricks is placed on the first row of bricks and on the grid.
  • a second layer of soil is poured up to the height of the second row of bricks and so on.
  • Fig. 1a shows a brick according to the invention 1 in front view.
  • the in Fig. 1a illustrated and so far preferred brick 1 is integrally formed and shaped S-shaped.
  • the brick 1 despite its one-piece design, an upper part 2 and a lower part 3.
  • the S-shape results from the fact that, while the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 are the same width, but laterally offset relative to each other, so that on both sides of the brick 1, a lateral offset 4 is formed.
  • the offset 4 is preferably on the left side of the brick 1 as large as on the right side and is in the in Fig. 1a brick shown 1 about 80 mm.
  • the upper part 2 of the brick 1 is made shallower than the lower part 3 of the brick 1.
  • the height 2 'of the upper part 2 is at the in Fig. 1a brick shown 1 about 65 mm; the height 3 'of the lower part 3 is about 85 mm. Accordingly, the total height H of in Fig. 1a illustrated brick 1 to about 150 mm.
  • the grid width B of in Fig. 1a illustrated brick 1 is about 480 mm.
  • Wall bricks with a grid width of 120 mm, 240 mm, 360 mm and 600 mm have also proved themselves.
  • the brick 1 has a dummy joint 5, which does not completely cut through the brick 1, but is a notch formed in the area of the surface of the front side of the brick 1.
  • the height 5 'of the dummy joint 5 is at the in Fig. 1a brick shown 1 about 8 mm.
  • the brick 1 On its underside, the brick 1 has a base 6 and a plurality of integrally formed on the base 6 spacer 7.
  • the height 6 'of the base 6 is about 4 mm; the height 7 'of the spacers 7 is about 7 mm, of which about 4 mm account for the height 6' of the base.
  • the spacers 7 thus project about 3 mm beyond the base 6.
  • the lower part 3 of the brick 1 has an upwardly directed base 8 with a height 8 '.
  • the upper part 2 of the brick 1 in the in Fig. 1a Right area shown a downwardly directed base 9 with a height 9 '.
  • the sum of the height 8 'and the height 9' corresponds to the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 about the height 5 'of the dummy joint. 5
  • Fig. 1b shows the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 in cross section along in Fig. 1a Plotted cutting plane Ib-Ib.
  • Fig. 1b shows already related to Fig. 1a described features of the brick 1 in Fig. 1b provided with identical reference numerals.
  • the dummy joint 5 has a depth 5 "at the in Fig. 1b brick shown 1 is about 20 mm.
  • the base 6 is arranged on the underside of the brick 1 and keeps a distance 6 "to the front (" visible side ") of the brick 1. The distance 6" is in the in Fig.
  • Fig. 1b shown brick 1 about 20 mm and thus corresponds to the depth of 5 "of the dummy joint 5.
  • the spacers 7 hold the front of the brick 1 a distance 7" a, which is slightly smaller than the distance 6 "of Base 6.
  • Fig. 1b clarifies due to the sectional view also that it is the brick 1 is a solid solid stone, which - in spite of the optical division by the dummy joint 5 - is integrally formed.
  • the total depth T of in Fig. 1b shown brick 1 is about 200 mm.
  • Fig. 1c is the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 shown in a plan view, so that the completely flat top of the brick 1 can be seen.
  • the dummy joint 5 extends over that portion of the brick 1, in which the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 of the brick overlap.
  • the base 8 holds a distance 8 "to the front of the brick 1 and extends over that area in which the lower part 3 projects laterally beyond the upper part 2.
  • the width of the base 8 therefore corresponds to the offset 4.
  • the base 9 stops a distance 9 "to the front of the brick 1 and extends over that area in which the upper part 2 extends laterally beyond the lower part 3.
  • the width of the base 9 also corresponds to the offset 4.
  • brick shown 1 correspond to the distance 8 "and the distance 9" about the depth of 5 "of the dummy joint. 5
  • Fig. 1d shows the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 in a view from below, so that the complex shaped bottom of the brick 1 can be seen.
  • the base 6 and the integrally formed on the base 6 spacers 7 are particularly clearly visible. Both the base 6 and the spacers 7 maintain a distance 6 "or 7" to the front of the brick 1 a.
  • the distance 6 correlates to the depth 5" in Fig. 1d not shown dummy joint 5; the distance 7 "is slightly lower Fig. 1d the base 8 (hidden) and the base 9 shown.
  • Both pedestals 8, 9 maintain a distance 8 "or 9" to the front of the brick 1 a.
  • the distances 8 "and 9” also correspond to the depth of 5 "in Fig. 1d Not shown dummy joint 5.
  • Fig. 1e shows a detail view of in Fig. 1b Area of the brick marked with "Ie" 1.
  • the selected detail view represents the dummy joint 5 in an enlarged view Fig. 1e shown dummy joint 5 has a height 5 'of about 8 mm and a depth 5 "of about 20 mm
  • the height 5' is constant in the region of the opening of the dummy joint 5. In the region of the bottom of the dummy joint 5, however, reduces the height of the Dummy joint 5, with an opening angle of about 30 °.
  • FIG. 2 an inventive wall system 10 is shown in a perspective view.
  • the wall system comprises several bricks 1, which are arranged in two superimposed rows.
  • the bricks 1 have different formats, which can be combined with each other in the manner shown.
  • Each brick 1 has a dummy joint 5, which is arranged between the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 of the brick 1.
  • the edge of the wall system 10 is formed by edge or corner stones 11, which have no offset on one side, but have a continuous, flat side surface.
  • On the bottom row of bricks 1, a grid 12 is placed.
  • On the grid 12, a further series of bricks 1 is arranged.
  • the grid 12 is thus arranged between two rows of bricks 1.
  • the grid 12 is made of plastic and mortared between the two rows of bricks 1.
  • the grid 12 is exclusively in a horizontal joint, which is formed between superimposed bricks 1, arranged. In contrast, no grids 12 are arranged between the vertically extending joints of the wall system 10. Nor are between horizontally extending joints that arise - due to the offset - between adjacent bricks 1, grid 12 is arranged.
  • FIG. 3 finally shows an inventive wall system 10 in cross section.
  • This in Fig. 3 shown wall system 10 includes eight rows of bricks 1, each having a dummy joint 5. Between the rows of bricks 1 also form real joints, the optically scarcely from the dummy joints 5 are different. Between every other row of bricks 1 lattice 12 are arranged. Alternatively, depending on the static requirements, only one grating 12 may be arranged between every third, fourth or fifth row or even less frequently. The grids 12 extend beyond the wall at the back of the wall and are anchored there in the soil 13. In this way, the stability of the wall system 10 is substantially increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mauerstein für ein Mauersystem, mit einem oberen Teil, der die Oberseite des Mauersteins umfasst, und mit einem unteren Teil, der die Unterseite des Mauersteins umfasst, wobei der Mauerstein an seiner Oberseite und/oder an seiner Unterseite wenigstens einen Abstandhalten aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft zudem ein Mauersystem, umfassend: wenigstens zwei aufeinander angeordnete Mauersteine, und ein Gitter, das zwischen den wenigstens zwei aufeinander angeordneten Mauersteinen angeordnet ist, wobei das Gitter sich auf wenigstens einer Seite des Mauersystems zur Verankerung im Erdreich aus dem Mauersystem heraus erstreckt. Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Errichten eines Mauersystems.The invention relates to a brick for a wall system, comprising an upper part, which comprises the upper side of the brick, and a lower part, which comprises the underside of the brick, wherein the brick at its top and / or on its underside has at least one spacing , The invention further relates to a wall system, comprising: at least two bricks arranged one on top of the other, and a grid arranged between the at least two bricks disposed one upon the other, the grate extending out of the wall system on at least one side of the wall system for anchoring in the ground. Finally, the invention relates to a method for building a wall system.

Es sind zahlreiche Mauersteine, Mauersysteme und Verfahren zum Errichten von Mauersystemen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt.Numerous bricks, masonry systems, and methods of constructing wall systems of the prior art are known.

Bei Mauersteinen wird üblicherweise zwischen Natursteinen und künstlichen Steinen unterschieden. Natursteine sind Steine, die man in der Natur vorfindet, während künstliche Steine durch spezielle Herstellungsverfahren erzeugt werden müssen. Zu den künstlichen Steinen zählen beispielsweise Ziegelsteine oder Betonsteine.For bricks is usually distinguished between natural stones and artificial stones. Natural stones are stones that are found in nature, while artificial stones must be produced by special manufacturing processes. The artificial stones include, for example, bricks or concrete blocks.

Bei Mauerwerken oder Mauersystemen wird regelmäßig zwischen Trockenmauern und betonierten Mauern unterschieden. Bei betonierten Mauern werden die zwischen den einzelnen Mauersteinen entstehenden Fugen üblicherweise mit Mörtel ausgefüllt. Durch das Aushärten des Mörtels entsteht bei betonierten Mauern eine feste Verbindung zwischen den einzelnen Mauersteinen. Trockenmauern zeichnen sich hingegen dadurch aus, dass auf Mörtel oder Beton verzichtet wird. Die einzelnen Mauersteine werden stattdessen lose aufeinander gelegt. Der Zusammenhalt der Mauersteine erfolgt bei Trockenmauern zum Beispiel durch die Reibung zwischen den Mauersteinen. Dies hat zur Folge, dass Trockenmauern eine wesentlich geringere Stabilität als betonierte Mauern aufweisen. Sie eignen sich daher kaum als freistehende Mauern, sondern stützen sich regelmäßig gegen einen Hang oder gegen eine Aufschüttung ab. Trockenmauern werden beispielsweise als Stützmauern zur Terrassierung von steilen Hangabschnitten oder im Bereich des Gartenbaus zur Einfassung von Pflanzenbeeten oder Hochbeeten eingesetzt. In diesen Einsatzbereichen werden die ökologischen Vorteile von Trockenmauern, beispielsweise die Durchlässigkeit von Wasser, geschätzt.For masonry or masonry systems, a distinction is made between dry stone walls and concrete walls. For concrete walls, the joints between the individual bricks are usually filled with mortar. The hardening of the mortar creates a strong bond between the individual bricks in concreted walls. Dry walls, on the other hand, are characterized by the lack of mortar or concrete. The single ones Bricks are placed loose on top of each other instead. The cohesion of bricks in dry stone walls, for example, by the friction between the bricks. This has the consequence that dry walls have a much lower stability than concrete walls. They are therefore hardly suitable as free-standing walls, but are based regularly against a slope or against a pile. Dry stone walls are used, for example, as retaining walls for terracing steep slopes or in horticulture for the enclosure of plant beds or raised beds. These uses estimate the environmental benefits of dry stone, such as the permeability of water.

Um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Trockenmauern zu erweitern, sind verschiedene Methoden zur Erhöhung der Stabilität von Trockenmauern bekannt.In order to extend the uses of dry stone, various methods for increasing the stability of dry stone walls are known.

Die Stabilität von Trockenmauern kann zum Beispiel durch die Verwendung von speziell geformten Mauersteinen erhöht werden. Der Zusammenhalt der Mauersteine erfolgt in diesem Fall häufig durch eine formschlüssige Verbindung, die sich aufgrund der aufeinander abgestimmten Form der Mauersteine ausbildet. Hierzu weisen die Mauersteine einen Vorsprung und eine Ausnehmung auf, so dass der Vorsprung des einen Mauersteins in die Ausnehmung des benachbarten Mauersteins eingreifen kann ("Nut-Feder-Prinzip"). Bei den speziell geformten Mauersteinen kann es sich auch um Hohlkammersteine handeln. Durch die Befüllung der Hohlräume kann die Stabilität der Mauer erhöht werden. Zudem können die Hohlräume zum Einbau einer Bewehrung, etwa aus Stahlbeton, genutzt werden.The stability of dry stone walls can be increased, for example, by the use of specially shaped bricks. The cohesion of the bricks is often done in this case by a positive connection, which forms due to the coordinated shape of the bricks. For this purpose, the bricks on a projection and a recess, so that the projection of a brick can engage in the recess of the adjacent brick ("tongue and groove principle"). The specially shaped bricks can also be hollow bricks. By filling the cavities, the stability of the wall can be increased. In addition, the cavities for the installation of a reinforcement, such as reinforced concrete, can be used.

Mauersteine, die - wie zuvor beschrieben - als Hohlkammersteine geformt sind und eine formschlüssige Verbindung miteinander ausbilden, sind beispielsweise aus der EP 1 437 448 A1 , der EP 1026 334 A2 und der EP 0 649 714 A1 bekannt. Ein Mauerstein nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 wird in der DE 197 46 555 A1 beschrieben.Bricks, which - as described above - are shaped as hollow blocks and form a positive connection with each other, for example, from EP 1 437 448 A1 , of the EP 1026 334 A2 and the EP 0 649 714 A1 known. A brick according to the preamble of claim 1 is in the DE 197 46 555 A1 described.

Die beschriebenen Mauersteine und Mauersysteme sind zwar geeignet, die Stabilität von Trockenmauern zu erhöhen. Sie haben jedoch den Nachteil, dass die Herstellung dieser Mauersteine aufgrund ihrer aufwändigen und geometrisch komplexen Form schwierig und teuer ist.The described bricks and masonry systems are indeed suitable to increase the stability of dry stone walls. However, they have the disadvantage that the production These bricks is difficult and expensive due to their complex and geometrically complex shape.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Mauerstein, ein Mauersystem und ein Verfahren zum Errichten eines Mauersystems anzugeben, die eine günstige Herstellung und eine hohe Stabilität der Mauer ermöglichen.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a brick, a wall system and a method for building a wall system, which allow a favorable production and high stability of the wall.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Mauerstein nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a brick according to claim 1.

Mit der Unterseite des Mauersteins wird diejenige Seite bezeichnet, die beim Errichten einer Mauer nach unten gerichtet ist. Wenn der Mauerstein Teil einer Mauer ist, ist die Unterseite eines in der untersten Reihe angeordneten Mauersteins also in Richtung des Bodens oder Fundaments gerichtet. Die Unterseite von Mauersteinen in höheren Reihen ist dementsprechend zu der Oberseite des darunter liegenden Mauersteins gerichtet. Unter der Oberseite des Mauersteins wird diejenige Seite verstanden, die beim Errichten eines Mauerwerks nach oben gerichtet ist. Wenn der Mauerstein Teil einer Mauer ist, ist die Oberseite also - mit Ausnahme der obersten Mauerreihe - stets zu der Unterseite des darüber liegenden Mauersteins gerichtet und dient diesem Stein als Auflagefläche.The underside of the brick refers to the side that faces down when building a wall. If the brick is part of a wall, the underside of a brick in the bottom row is thus directed towards the ground or foundation. The bottom of bricks in higher rows is accordingly directed to the top of the underlying brick. Under the top of the brick that side is understood, which is directed at the erection of masonry upwards. If the brick is part of a wall, the top is so - with the exception of the top row of walls - always directed to the underside of the overlying brick and serves this stone as a support surface.

Indem die Oberseite und/oder die Unterseite des Mauersteins erfindungsgemäß mit wenigstens einem Abstandhalter versehen sind, kann ein genau definierter Abstand zu dem nächst höheren bzw. tieferen Mauerstein eingestellt werden und somit eine definierte Fugenhöhe erreicht werden. Ein Abstandhalter ist daher von einem Vorsprung zur Ausbildung einer formschlüssigen Nut-Feder-Verbindung zu unterscheiden, da ein derartiger Vorsprung weder dazu geeignet noch dazu bestimmt ist, eine definierte Fugenhöhe einzustellen. Eine definierte Fugenhöhe hat den Vorteil, dass ein genau bestimmbarer Raum für eine gewünschte Menge von Mörtel zwischen zwei aufeinander angeordneten Mauersteinen eingestellt werden kann. Auf diese Weise kann die Verbindung zwischen zwei benachbarten Mauersteinen verbessert werden. Besondere Bedeutung hat ein präzise definierter Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Mauersteinen dann, wenn nicht lediglich eine Verbindung zwischen diesen beiden Mauersteinen hergestellt werden soll, sondern wenn ein Bauteil zwischen diesen beiden Mauersteinen befestigt werden soll. Bei einem derartigen Bauteil kann es sich beispielsweise um ein Gitter oder ein Netz handeln, dass zwischen den Mauersteinen eingemörtelt werden soll, um der Mauer als Verankerung im Erdreich dienen zu können.By the top and / or the bottom of the brick are provided according to the invention with at least one spacer, a well-defined distance to the next higher or lower brick can be adjusted and thus a defined joint height can be achieved. A spacer is therefore to be distinguished from a projection for forming a positive tongue and groove connection, since such a projection is neither suitable nor intended to set a defined joint height. A defined joint height has the advantage that a precisely determinable space for a desired amount of mortar between two successive bricks can be adjusted. In this way, the connection between two adjacent bricks can be improved. Of particular importance is a precisely defined distance between two adjacent bricks, if not only a connection between these two bricks to be made, but if a component between these two bricks to be attached. Such a component may, for example, be a grid or a net that is to be mortared between the bricks in order to serve as an anchorage in the ground.

Bevorzugt ist der Abstandhalter derart geformt, dass er eine sichere, kippstabile Stapelung der Mauersteine ermöglicht. Dies kann neben einer entsprechenden Form des Abstandhalters beispielsweise auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass der Mauerstein an seiner Oberseite und/oder Unterseite mehrere Abstandhalter aufweist. Der Einsatz von mehr als einem Abstandhalter auf einer Außenfläche hat mehrere Vorteile. Zunächst entstehen zwischen den Abstandhaltern Freiräume, deren Volumen beispielsweise mit Mörtel befüllt werden kann. Zudem können Bauteile, die zwischen den Mauersteinen befestigt werden sollen, in diese Freiräume geführt werden. Schließlich kann durch mehrere Abstandhalter sichergestellt werden, dass der Mauerstein nicht nur punktuell, sondern an mehreren Stellen den gewünschten Abstand zum benachbarten Mauerstein einhält. Hierdurch kann eine besonders maßgenaue Mauer errichtet werden.Preferably, the spacer is shaped so that it allows a safe, tilt stable stacking of bricks. This can be achieved, for example, in addition to a corresponding shape of the spacer, that the brick on its top and / or bottom has a plurality of spacers. The use of more than one spacer on an outer surface has several advantages. First arise between the spacers free spaces whose volume can be filled, for example, with mortar. In addition, components that are to be fastened between the bricks can be guided into these free spaces. Finally, it can be ensured by a plurality of spacers that the brick not only punctually, but adheres to the desired distance to the adjacent brick in several places. As a result, a particularly dimensionally accurate wall can be built.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass diejenige Seite des Mauersteins, die dem Abstandhalter gegenüberliegt, eben ausgebildet ist. Mit anderen Worten soll dann, wenn an der Unterseite des Mauersteins Abstandhalter vorgesehen sind, die Oberseite des Mauersteins eben ausgebildet sein und umgekehrt. Es soll also lediglich eine Seite des Mauersteins einen oder mehrere Abstandhalter aufweisen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Mauersteine besonders einfach hergestellt werden können. Denn für die Sicherstellung einer definierten Fugenhöhe ist es ausreichend, an einer der beiden relevanten Flächen, also entweder an der Oberseite oder an der Unterseite, Abstandhalter vorzusehen. Die gegenüberliegende Fläche kann vollständig eben ausgebildet sein, also auf ihrer gesamten Fläche weder Vorsprünge noch Ausnehmungen aufweisen. Bevorzugt weist der Mauerstein an seiner Unterseite mehrere Abstandhalter auf, währen die Oberseite des Mauersteins vollständig eben ausgebildet ist. Eine ebene Fläche hat zudem den Vorteil, dass die Abstandhalter nicht in eine vorgegeben Ausnehmung des benachbarten Mauersteines geschoben werden müssen, sondern an jeder beliebigen Stelle mit dem benachbarten Mauerstein in Kontakt treten können. Auf diese Weise können Mauern mit leicht versetzten Mauersteinen, also Mauern mit einer geringen Neigung, errichtet werden. In diesem Fall kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass sich die Abstandhalter nicht ganz bis zur Rückseite der Mauersteine erstrecken, sondern einen Abstand zur Rückseite einhalten. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Abstandhalter vollständig auf dem - versetzt angeordneten - darunter liegenden Mauerstein aufliegen und nicht über seinen Rand hinausragen.According to one embodiment of the invention it is provided that that side of the brick, which is opposite to the spacer, is flat. In other words, if spacers are provided on the underside of the brick, the top of the brick should be flat and vice versa. So it should have only one side of the brick one or more spacers. This has the advantage that the bricks can be made very easily. Because to ensure a defined joint height, it is sufficient to provide spacers on one of the two relevant surfaces, so either on the top or on the bottom. The opposite surface may be formed completely flat, so have neither projections nor recesses on its entire surface. Preferably, the brick on its underside a plurality of spacers, while the top of the brick is completely flat. A flat surface also has the advantage that the spacers do not have to be pushed into a predetermined recess of the adjacent brick, but can come into contact with the adjacent brick at any point. In this way, walls with slightly offset bricks, ie walls with a low inclination, can be erected. In this case, it may be advantageous that the spacers do not extend all the way to the back of the bricks, but maintain a distance from the back. This has the advantage that the spacers completely on the - offset arranged - rest underlying brick and do not protrude beyond its edge.

Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Mauerstein an seiner Oberseite und/oder an seiner Unterseite einen Sockel aufweist. Unter einem Sockel wird eine Erhebung verstanden, die sich nicht über die gesamte Oberseite und/oder Unterseite erstreckt. Mindestens ein Sockel ist an derjenigen Seite des Mauersteins vorgesehen, an der auch die Abstandhalter vorgesehen sind. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die gegenüberliegende Seite eben ausgebildet werden kann, was die Herstellung des Mauersteins erleichtert. Durch die Höhe des Sockels kann das Volumen des Freiraums beeinflusst werden, der sich zwischen zwei benachbarten Mauersteinen einstellt. Die Höhe des Sockels sollte kleiner sein als die Höhe des Abstandhalters, da ansonsten die Funktion des Abstandhalters nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Vorzugsweise hält der Sockel einen definierten, konstanten Abstand zur Vorderseite ("Sichtseite") des Mauersteins ein. Hierdurch können optisch ansprechende Fugen erreicht werden. Beispielsweise kann auch bei einer Trockenmauer der Eindruck einer mit Mörtel gefüllten Fuge erweckt werden.Another teaching of the invention provides that the brick has a base at its top and / or on its underside. Under a pedestal is understood a survey that does not extend over the entire top and / or bottom. At least one base is provided on that side of the brick on which the spacers are provided. This has the advantage that the opposite side can be formed flat, which facilitates the production of the brick. Due to the height of the base, the volume of the free space, which adjusts between two adjacent bricks, can be influenced. The height of the base should be smaller than the height of the spacer, otherwise the function of the spacer is no longer guaranteed. Preferably, the base holds a defined, constant distance to the front ("visible side") of the brick. As a result, visually appealing joints can be achieved. For example, even with a drywall the impression of a grout filled with mortar can be awakened.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass der obere Teil und der untere Teil des Mauersteins relativ zueinander seitlich versetzt sind. Durch diese Anordnung der beiden Teile weist der Mauerstein insgesamt - je nach Blickrichtung - eine S-Form bzw. eine Z-Form auf. Bevorzugt weist der Mauerstein an beiden Seiten einen Versatz auf. Ein Versatz hat den Vorteil, dass die Kontaktfläche zu den seitlich benachbarten Mauersteinen einer Mauer vergrößert wird. Insbesondere wird durch einen Versatz erreicht, dass nicht nur eine vertikale Kontaktebene, sondern zusätzlich eine horizontale Kontaktebene zwischen zwei seitlich benachbarten Mauersteinen einer Mauer entsteht. Durch größere Kontaktflächen kann eine bessere Verbindung zwischen diesen Mauersteinen erreicht werden. Dies kann - bei betonierten Mauern - an einer größeren Mörtelmenge oder - bei Trockenmauern - an einer größeren Reibungsfläche liegen.According to the invention it is provided that the upper part and the lower part of the brick are offset laterally relative to each other. This arrangement of the two parts, the brick on the whole - depending on the viewing direction - an S-shape or a Z-shape. Preferably, the brick on both sides of an offset. An offset has the advantage that the contact surface to the laterally adjacent Bricks of a wall is enlarged. In particular, it is achieved by an offset that not only a vertical contact plane, but in addition a horizontal contact plane between two laterally adjacent bricks of a wall is formed. Larger contact surfaces can be achieved a better connection between these bricks. This can be - for concrete walls - on a larger amount of mortar or - for dry walls - on a larger friction surface.

Hierzu wird weiter vorgeschlagen, dass der untere Teil des Mauersteins einen nach oben gerichteten Sockel aufweist und/oder dass der obere Teil des Mauersteins einen nach unten gerichteten Sockel aufweist. Bevorzugt ist der Sockel im Bereich des Versatzes, also in demjenigen Bereich, in welchem keine Überdeckung der beiden Teile des Mauersteins mehr vorliegt, angeordnet. Vorzugsweise hält der Sockel einen definierten, konstanten Abstand zur Vorderseite des Mauersteins ein, wodurch optisch ansprechende Fugen erreicht werden. Insbesondere kann durch die Sockel auch bei einer Trockenmauer der Eindruck einer mit Mörtel gefüllten Fuge erweckt werden.For this purpose, it is further proposed that the lower part of the brick has an upwardly directed base and / or that the upper part of the brick has a downwardly directed base. The base is preferably arranged in the region of the offset, that is to say in that region in which there is no longer any covering of the two parts of the brick. Preferably, the base holds a defined, constant distance to the front of the brick, whereby visually appealing joints are achieved. In particular, the impression of a grout filled with mortar can be awakened by the base, even in the case of a drywall.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Mauerstein an seiner Vorderseite eine Scheinfuge auf. Eine Scheinfuge ist eine Fuge, die den Mauerstein nicht vollständig durchtrennt, sondern nur im Bereich der Oberfläche des Mauersteins vorhanden ist. Eine Scheinfuge erzeugt jedoch optisch den Eindruck einer "echten" Fuge, also einer Fuge, die zwischen zwei separaten Mauersteinen entsteht. Eine Scheinfuge hat neben ihren optischen Vorzügen den technischen Effekt, dass optisch getrennte Mauersteine mechanisch und strukturell miteinander verbunden sind und somit einstückig ausgebildet sind. Hierdurch kann die Stabilität der Mauer erhöht werden. Dies liegt darin begründet, dass bei gleicher Größe der Mauer die Anzahl der benötigten Mauersteine geringer und die Masse der einzelnen Mauersteine größer ist. Durch die höhere Masse wird der Druck zwischen benachbarten, aufeinander liegenden Steinen erhöht, was beispielsweise bei Trockenmauern gewünscht sein kann. Zudem kann durch eine Verringerung der Anzahl der benötigten Steine der Aufbau einer Mauer beschleunigt werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the brick on its front side on a dummy joint. A dummy joint is a joint that does not completely cut through the brick, but only exists in the area of the surface of the brick. However, a dummy joint creates the impression of a "real" joint, ie a gap that arises between two separate bricks. A dummy joint has, in addition to its optical advantages, the technical effect that optically separated bricks are mechanically and structurally connected to each other and thus formed in one piece. This can increase the stability of the wall. This is due to the fact that with the same size of the wall, the number of required bricks smaller and the mass of the individual bricks is greater. Due to the higher mass of the pressure between adjacent, stacked stones is increased, which may be desirable, for example, dry stone walls can. In addition, by reducing the number of stones required the construction of a wall can be accelerated.

Zu dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird weiter vorgeschlagen, dass die Scheinfuge zwischen dem oberen Teil und dem unteren Teil angeordnet ist. Bevorzugt verläuft die Scheinfuge waagerecht, also horizontal. Wenn die beiden Teile des Mauersteins relativ zueinander seitlich versetzt sind, verkürzt sich bei einer Anordnung der Scheinfuge zwischen den beiden Teilen des Mauersteins die Länge der Scheinfuge auf den Bereich der Überdeckung des oberen Teils des Mauersteins und des unteren Teils des Mauersteins. Denn im Bereich des Versatzes entsteht zwischen zwei seitlich benachbarten Mauersteinen eine "echte" Fuge, die die Scheinfuge fortsetzt. Da eine Scheinfuge in den Mauerstein eingeformt werden muss, führt eine Verkürzung der Länge der Scheinfuge zu einer günstigeren Herstellbarkeit des Mauersteins.For this embodiment of the invention is further proposed that the dummy joint between the upper part and the lower part is arranged. Preferably, the dummy joint runs horizontally, ie horizontally. If the two parts of the brick are laterally offset relative to each other, the apparent joint between the two parts of the brick shortens the length of the dummy joint to cover the upper part of the brick and the lower part of the brick. Because in the area of the offset creates between two laterally adjacent bricks a "real" joint, which continues the dummy joint. Since a dummy joint must be formed in the brick, a shortening of the length of the dummy joint leads to a more favorable manufacturability of the brick.

Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Mauerstein ein Vollstein ist. Ein Vollstein, also ein massiver Stein ohne wesentliche Hohlräume, hat gegenüber einem Hohlkammerstein den Vorteil, dass er einfacher hergestellt werden kann. Zudem brauchen Vollsteine beim Aufbau einer Mauer nicht befüllt werden. Schließlich führt die höhere Masse von Vollsteinen zu einem höheren Druck im Bereich der Auflagefläche von aufeinander liegenden Steinen, was insbesondere bei Trockenmauern gewünscht sein kann, um die Stabilität der Mauer zu erhöhen.Another teaching of the invention provides that the brick is a solid brick. A solid brick, so a solid stone without significant cavities, has the advantage over a hollow brick that it can be made easier. In addition, solid stones need not be filled when building a wall. Finally, the higher mass of bricks leads to a higher pressure in the area of the bearing surface of stacked stones, which may be desirable especially in dry stone walls to increase the stability of the wall.

Nach einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Mauerstein aus Beton hergestellt ist. Die Herstellung von künstlichen Steinen aus Beton hat den Vorteil geringer Kosten und einer variableren Formgebung der Steine. Als besonders geeignet hat sich ein Beton der Leistungsklasse bzw. Druckfestigkeitsklasse C 35/45 mit einer maximalen Wasseraufnahme von 6,0 % Massenanteil, einem Bindemittelgehalt zwischen 250 kg/m3 und 500 kg/m3, einem Wasserzementwert ("w/z-Wert") von weniger als 0,5 und einem Größtkorndurchmesser von 11 mm erwiesen. Die Vorteile einer derartigen Betonmischung liegen insbesondere in einer niedrigen Wasseraufnahme und einem damit verbundenen hohen Wasserdurchtritt, in geminderten Aussalzungen, in einer hohen Witterungsbeständigkeit aufgrund der Festigkeit, sowie in der Möglichkeit aufgrund des niedrigen w/z-Wertes besonders maßhaltige Produkte herstellen zu können.According to a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the brick is made of concrete. The production of artificial stones made of concrete has the advantage of low cost and a more variable shape of the stones. Particularly suitable is a concrete of the performance class or compressive strength class C 35/45 with a maximum water absorption of 6.0% by weight, a binder content between 250 kg / m 3 and 500 kg / m 3 , a Wasserzementwert ("w / z- Value ") of less than 0.5 and a largest grain diameter of 11 mm proved. The advantages of such a concrete mixture are in particular in a low water absorption and a associated with high water penetration, in reduced salting out, in a high weather resistance due to the strength, as well as the possibility to produce particularly dimensionally stable products due to the low w / c value.

Schließlich ist nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass der Mauerstein eine Ausnehmung zur formschlüssigen Anbindung eines Gitters aufweist. Um die Stabilität einer Mauer zu erhöhen, kann es erforderlich sein, die Mauer mit einem flexiblen, zugfesten Gitter zu verbinden, welches im Erdreich verankert wird. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu einer Einmörtelung des Gitters in den Fugen der Mauer kommt hierzu auch eine formschlüssige Anbindung des Gitters in Frage. Zu diesem Zweck kann der Mauerstein - bevorzugt an seiner Rückseite - eine Ausnehmung aufweisen. Die Ausnehmung weist vorzugsweise eine Hinterschneidung auf und kann beispielsweise die Querschnittsfläche eines Kreises aufweisen, von dem ein kleines Kreissegment abgetrennt wurde. Zudem verläuft die Ausnehmung bevorzugt quer und erstreckt sich über die gesamte Rückseite des Mauersteins, so dass die Ausnehmung eine schlitzartige Öffnung auf der Rückseite des Mauersteins sowie jeweils eine (teil-)kreisförmige Öffnung im hinteren Bereich der beiden Seitenflächen des Mauersteins aufweist. Die schlitzartige Öffnung sollte kleiner sein als der maximale Innendurchmesser der Ausnehmung. Auf diese Weise kann ein flexibles Gitter durch die schlitzartige Öffnung in die Ausnehmung hineingeführt werden, dort entlang der Innenfläche der Ausnehmung geführt werden und anschließend wieder durch die schlitzartige Öffnung aus der Ausnehmung herausgeführt werden. Eine Befestigung kann beispielsweise durch einen Stab erfolgen, der in die seitlichen Öffnungen der Ausnehmung eingeschoben wird und dessen Durchmesser größer ist als die schlitzartige Öffnung. Auf diese Weise umschlingt das flexible Gitter den Stab und wird formschlüssig in der Ausnehmung gehalten.Finally, it is provided according to a further embodiment of the invention that the brick has a recess for the positive connection of a grid. In order to increase the stability of a wall, it may be necessary to connect the wall with a flexible, tensile grid, which is anchored in the ground. Alternatively or in addition to a mortaring of the grid in the joints of the wall comes for this purpose, a positive connection of the grid in question. For this purpose, the brick - preferably on its back - have a recess. The recess preferably has an undercut and may, for example, have the cross-sectional area of a circle from which a small circle segment has been cut off. In addition, the recess preferably extends transversely and extends over the entire back of the brick, so that the recess has a slot-like opening on the back of the brick and one (partially) circular opening in the rear region of the two side surfaces of the brick. The slot-like opening should be smaller than the maximum inner diameter of the recess. In this way, a flexible grid can be guided through the slot-like opening in the recess, are guided there along the inner surface of the recess and then led out again through the slot-like opening from the recess. An attachment can be made for example by a rod which is inserted into the side openings of the recess and whose diameter is larger than the slot-like opening. In this way, the flexible grid wraps around the rod and is held in a form-fitting manner in the recess.

Bei einem Mauersystem nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 9 wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass das Gitter zwischen den Mauersteinen eingemörtelt ist. Indem das Gitter zwischen den benachbarten Mauersteinen eingemörtelt wird, kann eine besonders zuverlässige Verbindung zwischen den Mauersteinen und dem Gitter erreicht werden. Die Mauersteine können somit besonders hohe Zugkräfte auf das Gitter übertragen, wodurch das Gitter eine zuverlässige Verankerung der Mauer im Erdreich ermöglichen kann. Insbesondere bei Trockenmauern kann durch eine einseitige Verankerung im Erdreich die Stabilität der Mauer deutlich erhöht werden. Derartige Gitter werden auch als "Geogitter" bezeichnet. Das Einmörteln des Gitters hat den Vorteil, dass auch bei ebenen Kontaktflächen eine feste Verbindung zwischen Mauersteinen und Gitter erreicht werden kann. Es ist also nicht erforderlich, an den Mauersteinen neben dem Abstandhalter weitere Vorsprünge und/oder Ausnehmungen vorzusehen, die eine formschlüssige Verbindung mit dem Gitter ausbilden könnten. Unter Einmörteln wird nicht nur eine Verbindung durch Mörtel verstanden; der Begriff Einmörteln umfasst auch eine Verbindung durch andere zur Verbindung von Mauersteinen geeignete Baustoffe, die eine Gesteinskörnung (z.B. Sand oder feinen Kies), ein Bindemittel (z.B. Zement oder Kalk) und Wasser enthalten.In a wall system according to the preamble of claim 9, the object is achieved in that the grid is mortared between the bricks. By the grid between the adjacent bricks is mortared, can a particularly reliable connection between the bricks and the grid can be achieved. The bricks can thus transfer particularly high tensile forces on the grid, whereby the grid can allow a reliable anchoring of the wall in the ground. Especially in dry stone walls can be significantly increased by a one-sided anchorage in the ground, the stability of the wall. Such grids are also referred to as "geogrids". The mortar of the grid has the advantage that even with flat contact surfaces a firm connection between bricks and grid can be achieved. It is therefore not necessary to provide on the bricks next to the spacer further projections and / or recesses that could form a positive connection with the grid. Mortaring is not just a mortar connection; The term mortaring also includes a compound by other building block bonding materials that contain an aggregate (eg, sand or fine gravel), a binder (eg, cement or lime), and water.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Mauersystem werden Mauersteine nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 8 verwendet. Die Eigenschaften und die sich daraus ergebenden Vorteile dieser Mauersteine sind bereits zuvor beschrieben worden.In the masonry system according to the invention bricks are used according to one of the claims 1 to 8. The properties and consequent advantages of these bricks have been previously described.

In weiterer Ausbildung des Mauersystems wird vorgeschlagen, dass Mauersteine mit unterschiedlichen Formaten, insbesondere mit einer unterschiedlichen Rasterbreite, verwendet werden. Neben einem ansprechenden Erscheinungsbild kann durch Mauersteine mit unterschiedlichen Formaten der Verlauf der Fugen beeinflusst werden. Insbesondere kann ein versetzter Verlauf der senkrechten Fugen erreicht werden, was die Stabilität des Mauersystems erhöht.In a further embodiment of the wall system, it is proposed that bricks with different formats, in particular with a different grid width, be used. In addition to an attractive appearance can be influenced by bricks with different formats of the course of the joints. In particular, an offset course of the vertical joints can be achieved, which increases the stability of the wall system.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung des Mauersystems sieht vor, dass das Gitter aus Kunststoff hergestellt ist. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Gitter hochmodule, kriecharme synthetische Garne oder Fasern aufweist, die mit einer Polymer-Schutzschicht umgeben sind. Die polymere Schutzschicht kann Aramid und/oder Polyvinylalkohol aufweisen. Durch den Einsatz dieser Materialien können elastische Gitter mit einer Zugfestigkeit zwischen 20 kN/m und 400 kN/m sowie einer guten Beständigkeit gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen zu günstigen Herstellungskosten erhalten werden.Another embodiment of the wall system provides that the grid is made of plastic. In particular, it may be provided that the grid has high modulus, warmer synthetic yarns or fibers which are surrounded by a polymer protective layer. The polymeric protective layer may be aramid and / or Have polyvinyl alcohol. By using these materials, elastic grids with a tensile strength between 20 kN / m and 400 kN / m and a good resistance to environmental influences can be obtained at low production costs.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung des Mauersystems ist das Gitter ausschließlich in horizontal verlaufenden Fugen des Mauersystems angeordnet. Durch diese Anordnung wird der Aufbau der Mauer erleichtert, da der Mörtel leichter in horizontale, also waagerechte Fugen als in vertikal verlaufende, also senkrechte Fugen eingebracht werden kann. Zudem ist eine Verankerung des Gitters im Erdreich bei horizontal verlaufenden Gittern durch schichtweises Aufschütten des Erdreichts einfacher als bei vertikal verlaufenden Gittern. Das Gitter kann in jeder horizontal verlaufenden Fuge oder nur in einigen der horizontal verlaufenden Fugen des Mauersystems angeordnet sein. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Gitter ausschließlich in waagerecht verlaufenden Fugen, die zwischen aufeinander liegenden Mauersteinen entstehen, angeordnet ist, während in waagerecht verlaufenden Fugen, die - aufgrund des Versatzes - zwischen nebeneinander liegenden Mauersteinen entstehen, keine Gitter angeordnet sind.According to a further embodiment of the wall system, the grid is arranged exclusively in horizontally extending joints of the wall system. By this arrangement, the construction of the wall is facilitated, since the mortar can be easily introduced into horizontal, ie horizontal joints as in vertically extending, ie vertical joints. In addition, an anchoring of the grid in the soil with horizontally extending grids by layering of the Erdreichts is simpler than with vertical grids. The grid may be located in any horizontal groove or only in some of the horizontally extending joints of the wall system. In particular, it can be provided that the grid exclusively in horizontally extending joints that arise between superimposed bricks, while in horizontally extending joints that arise - due to the offset - between adjacent bricks, no grids are arranged.

Schließlich sieht eine weitere Ausgestaltung des Mauersystems vor, dass die Mauersteine ausschließlich im Bereich des Gitters vermörtelt sind oder dass sämtliche Fugen des Mauersystems vermörtelt sind. Indem eine Vermörtelung der Mauersteine nur im Bereich des Gitters erfolgt, kann die Mauer schneller errichtet werden, als dies bei einer vollständigen Vermörtelung sämtlicher Fugen der Fall wäre. Zudem können die Vorteile einer Trockenmauer, z.B. die Durchlässigkeit von Wasser, bei einer lediglich lokal stattfindenden Vermörtelung einiger Fugen erhalten bleiben. Demgegenüber hat eine Vermörtelung sämtlicher Fugen des Mauersystems den Vorteil einer maximalen Stabilität.Finally, a further embodiment of the wall system provides that the bricks are mortared only in the area of the grid or that all the joints of the wall system are mortared. By mortar the bricks only in the area of the grid, the wall can be built faster than would be the case with a complete mortaring of all joints. In addition, the benefits of a drywall, e.g. the permeability of water, remain in a only locally occurring mortaring some joints. In contrast, grouting all joints of the wall system has the advantage of maximum stability.

Bei einem Verfahren zum Errichten eines Mauersystems wird die Aufgabe durch die folgenden Schritte gelöst: Errichten einer ersten Reihe aus Mauersteinen, Auflegen eines Gitters auf die erste Reihe aus Mauersteinen, Auftragen von Mörtel, Errichten einer zweiten Reihe aus Mauersteinen auf der ersten Reihe aus Mauersteinen und auf dem Gitter, Aufschütteln von Erdreich, und Verankern des Gitters im Erdbereich.In a method of building a wall system, the task is accomplished by the following steps: building a first row Building bricks, placing a grid on the first row of bricks, applying mortar, building a second row of bricks on the first row of bricks and on the grid, shaking up soil, and anchoring the grid in the ground area.

Bei der ersten und der zweiten Reihe kann es sich um zwei beliebige direkt benachbarte Reihen von Mauersteinen handeln. Die erste Reihe muss also nicht zwingend die unterste Reihe des Mauersystems sein. Ebensowenig muss es sich bei der zweiten Reihe um die zweitunterste Reihe des Mauersystems handeln. Die Verfahrensschritte "Auflegen des Gitters" und "Auftragen von Mörtel" können vertauscht werden. Es kann also zunächst das Gitter auf die Mauersteine gelegt werden und anschließend der Mörtel aufgetragen werden oder es wird zunächst der Mörtel auf die Mauersteine aufgetragen und dann - zeitnah - das Gitter in den bereits aufgetragenen Mörtel gedrückt.The first and second rows may be any two directly adjacent rows of bricks. The first row does not necessarily have to be the bottom row of the wall system. Nor does the second row have to be the second bottom row of the wall system. The process steps "placing the grid" and "applying mortar" can be reversed. It can therefore first be placed on the bricks grid and then the mortar are applied or it is first applied the mortar on the bricks and then - promptly - pressed the grid in the already applied mortar.

Sofern nicht auf einer Seite der Mauer bereits Erdreich vorhanden ist, muss dieses aufgeschüttet werden, um das Gitter darin verankern zu können. Dies kann bevorzugt schrittweise in mehreren Lagen erfolgen: Nachdem die erste Reihe von Mauersteinen errichtet wurde, kann eine erste Schicht von Erdreich bis zur Höhe der Mauersteine aufgeschüttet werden. Anschließend kann das Gitter auf die erste Reihe von Mauersteinen und die erste Schicht der Aufschüttung gelegt werden und mit den Mauersteinen vermörtelt werden. Danach wird die zweite Reihe von Mauersteinen auf die erste Reihe von Mauersteinen und auf das Gitter aufgesetzt. Anschließend wird eine zweite Schicht Erdreich bis zur Höhe der zweiten Reihe der Mauersteine aufgeschüttet und so weiter.Unless there is already soil on one side of the wall, it must be heaped up in order to anchor the grid in it. This can preferably be done step by step in several layers: After the first row of bricks has been erected, a first layer of soil can be poured up to the height of the bricks. Then, the grid can be placed on the first row of bricks and the first layer of landfill and mortared with the bricks. Then the second row of bricks is placed on the first row of bricks and on the grid. Then a second layer of soil is poured up to the height of the second row of bricks and so on.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer lediglich ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig. 1a
einen erfindungsgemäßen Mauerstein in Vorderansicht,
Fig. 1b
den in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein im Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 1a eingezeichneten Schnittebene Ib-Ib,
Fig. 1c
den in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein in einer Draufsicht,
Fig. 1d
den in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein in einer Ansicht von unten,
Fig. 1e
eine Detailansicht des in Fig. 1b mit Ie gekennzeichneten Bereichs des Mauersteins,
Fig. 2
ein erfindungsgemäßes Mauersystem in einer perspektivischen Ansicht, und
Fig. 3
ein erfindungsgemäßes Mauersystem im Querschnitt.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only a preferred embodiment. In the drawing show
Fig. 1a
a brick according to the invention in front view,
Fig. 1b
the in Fig. 1a shown brick in cross section along in Fig. 1a Plotted cutting plane Ib-Ib,
Fig. 1c
the in Fig. 1a brick shown in a plan view,
Fig. 1d
the in Fig. 1a brick shown in a view from below,
Fig. 1e
a detailed view of the in Fig. 1b Ie marked area of the brick,
Fig. 2
an inventive wall system in a perspective view, and
Fig. 3
an inventive wall system in cross section.

Fig. 1a zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Mauerstein 1 in Vorderansicht. Der in Fig. 1a dargestellte und insoweit bevorzugte Mauerstein 1 ist einstückig ausgebildet und S-förmig geformt. Der Mauerstein 1 weist trotz seiner einstückigen Ausbildung einen oberen Teil 2 und einen unteren Teil 3 auf. Die S-Form ergibt sich aufgrund der Tatsache, dass der obere Teil 2 und der untere Teil 3 zwar gleich breit sind, jedoch relativ zueinander seitlich versetzt sind, so dass sich auf beiden Seiten des Mauersteins 1 ein seitlicher Versatz 4 ausbildet. Der Versatz 4 ist vorzugsweise auf der linken Seite des Mauersteins 1 genauso groß wie auf der rechten Seite und beträgt bei dem in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein 1 etwa 80 mm. Der obere Teil 2 des Mauersteins 1 ist flacher ausgebildet als der untere Teil 3 des Mauersteins 1. Die Höhe 2' des oberen Teils 2 beträgt bei dem in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein 1 etwa 65 mm; die Höhe 3' des unteren Teils 3 beträgt etwa 85 mm. Dementsprechend beläuft sich die Gesamthöhe H des in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauersteins 1 auf etwa 150 mm. Die Rasterbreite B des in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauersteins 1 beträgt etwa 480 mm. Fig. 1a shows a brick according to the invention 1 in front view. The in Fig. 1a illustrated and so far preferred brick 1 is integrally formed and shaped S-shaped. The brick 1, despite its one-piece design, an upper part 2 and a lower part 3. The S-shape results from the fact that, while the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 are the same width, but laterally offset relative to each other, so that on both sides of the brick 1, a lateral offset 4 is formed. The offset 4 is preferably on the left side of the brick 1 as large as on the right side and is in the in Fig. 1a brick shown 1 about 80 mm. The upper part 2 of the brick 1 is made shallower than the lower part 3 of the brick 1. The height 2 'of the upper part 2 is at the in Fig. 1a brick shown 1 about 65 mm; the height 3 'of the lower part 3 is about 85 mm. Accordingly, the total height H of in Fig. 1a illustrated brick 1 to about 150 mm. The grid width B of in Fig. 1a illustrated brick 1 is about 480 mm.

Ebenso bewährt haben sich Mauersteine mit einer Rasterbreite von 120 mm, 240 mm, 360 mm und 600 mm.Wall bricks with a grid width of 120 mm, 240 mm, 360 mm and 600 mm have also proved themselves.

Zwischen dem oberen Teil 2 und dem unteren Teil 3 weist der Mauerstein 1 eine Scheinfuge 5 auf, die den Mauerstein 1 nicht vollständig durchtrennt, sondern eine lediglich im Bereich der Oberfläche der Vorderseite des Mauersteins 1 eingeformte Kerbe ist. Die Höhe 5' der Scheinfuge 5 beträgt bei dem in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein 1 etwa 8 mm. An seiner Unterseite weist der Mauerstein 1 einen Sockel 6 sowie mehrere an den Sockel 6 angeformte Abstandhalter 7 auf. Bei dem in Fig. 1a gezeigten Mauerstein 1 beträgt die Höhe 6' des Sockels 6 etwa 4 mm; die Höhe 7' der Abstandhalter 7 beträgt etwa 7 mm, wovon etwa 4 mm auf die Höhe 6' des Sockels entfallen. Die Abstandhalter 7 ragen also etwa 3 mm über den Sockel 6 hinaus.Between the upper part 2 and the lower part 3, the brick 1 has a dummy joint 5, which does not completely cut through the brick 1, but is a notch formed in the area of the surface of the front side of the brick 1. The height 5 'of the dummy joint 5 is at the in Fig. 1a brick shown 1 about 8 mm. On its underside, the brick 1 has a base 6 and a plurality of integrally formed on the base 6 spacer 7. At the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1, the height 6 'of the base 6 is about 4 mm; the height 7 'of the spacers 7 is about 7 mm, of which about 4 mm account for the height 6' of the base. The spacers 7 thus project about 3 mm beyond the base 6.

In dem in Fig. 1a links dargestellten Bereich weist der untere Teil 3 des Mauersteins 1 einen nach oben gerichteten Sockel 8 mit einer Höhe 8' auf. In entsprechender Weise weist der obere Teil 2 des Mauersteins 1 in dem in Fig. 1a rechts dargestellten Bereich einen nach unten gerichteten Sockel 9 mit einer Höhe 9' auf. Die Summe aus der Höhe 8' und der Höhe 9' entspricht bei dem in Fig. 1a gezeigten Mauerstein 1 etwa der Höhe 5' der Scheinfuge 5.In the in Fig. 1a On the left, the lower part 3 of the brick 1 has an upwardly directed base 8 with a height 8 '. Similarly, the upper part 2 of the brick 1 in the in Fig. 1a Right area shown a downwardly directed base 9 with a height 9 '. The sum of the height 8 'and the height 9' corresponds to the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 about the height 5 'of the dummy joint. 5

Fig. 1b zeigt den in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein 1 im Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 1a eingezeichneten Schnittebene Ib-Ib. Die bereits im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1a beschriebenen Merkmale des Mauersteins 1 sind in Fig. 1b mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen. Besonders deutlich ist in Fig. 1b die zwischen dem oberen Teil 2 und dem unteren Teil 3 angeordnete Scheinfuge 5 erkennbar. Die Scheinfuge 5 weist eine Tiefe 5" auf, die bei dem in Fig. 1b dargestellten Mauerstein 1 etwa 20 mm beträgt. Der Sockel 6 ist an der Unterseite des Mauersteins 1 angeordnet und hält einen Abstand 6" zur Vorderseite ("Sichtseite") des Mauersteins 1 ein. Der Abstand 6" beträgt bei dem in Fig. 1b gezeigten Mauerstein 1 etwa 20 mm und entspricht somit der Tiefe 5" der Scheinfuge 5. Auch die Abstandhalter 7 halten zur Vorderseite des Mauersteins 1 einen Abstand 7" ein, der etwas geringer ist als der Abstand 6" des Sockels 6. Fig. 1b verdeutlicht aufgrund der geschnittenen Ansicht zudem, dass es sich bei dem Mauerstein 1 um einen massiven Vollstein handelt, der - trotz der optischen Teilung durch die Scheinfuge 5 - einstückig ausgebildet ist. Die Gesamttiefe T des in Fig. 1b gezeigten Mauersteins 1 beträgt etwa 200 mm. Fig. 1b shows the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 in cross section along in Fig. 1a Plotted cutting plane Ib-Ib. Already related to Fig. 1a described features of the brick 1 are in Fig. 1b provided with identical reference numerals. It is particularly clear in Fig. 1b the arranged between the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 dummy joint 5 recognizable. The dummy joint 5 has a depth 5 "at the in Fig. 1b brick shown 1 is about 20 mm. The base 6 is arranged on the underside of the brick 1 and keeps a distance 6 "to the front (" visible side ") of the brick 1. The distance 6" is in the in Fig. 1b shown brick 1 about 20 mm and thus corresponds to the depth of 5 "of the dummy joint 5. The spacers 7 hold the front of the brick 1 a distance 7" a, which is slightly smaller than the distance 6 "of Base 6. Fig. 1b clarifies due to the sectional view also that it is the brick 1 is a solid solid stone, which - in spite of the optical division by the dummy joint 5 - is integrally formed. The total depth T of in Fig. 1b shown brick 1 is about 200 mm.

In Fig. 1c ist der in Fig. 1a dargestellte Mauerstein 1 in einer Draufsicht gezeigt, so dass die vollständig ebene Oberseite des Mauersteins 1 erkennbar ist. Aus Fig. 1c wird der Verlauf der Scheinfuge 5 (verdeckt), des Sockels 8 und des Sockels 9 (verdeckt) besonders deutlich: Die Scheinfuge 5 erstreckt sich über denjenigen Bereich des Mauersteins 1, in welchem sich der obere Teil 2 und der untere Teil 3 des Mauersteins 1 überlagern. Der Sockel 8 hält einen Abstand 8" zur Vorderseite des Mauersteins 1 ein und erstreckt sich über denjenigen Bereich, in dem der untere Teil 3 seitlich über den oberen Teil 2 hinausragt. Die Breite des Sockels 8 entspricht daher dem Versatz 4. Der Sockel 9 hält einen Abstand 9" zur Vorderseite des Mauersteins 1 ein und erstreckt sich über denjenigen Bereich, in dem der obere Teil 2 seitlich über den unteren Teil 3 hinausragt. Die Breite des Sockels 9 entspricht ebenfalls dem Versatz 4. Bei dem in Fig. 1c dargestellten Mauerstein 1 entsprechen der Abstand 8" und der Abstand 9" etwa der Tiefe 5" der Scheinfuge 5.In Fig. 1c is the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 shown in a plan view, so that the completely flat top of the brick 1 can be seen. Out Fig. 1c the course of the dummy joint 5 (hidden), the base 8 and the base 9 (hidden) is particularly clear: The dummy joint 5 extends over that portion of the brick 1, in which the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 of the brick overlap. The base 8 holds a distance 8 "to the front of the brick 1 and extends over that area in which the lower part 3 projects laterally beyond the upper part 2. The width of the base 8 therefore corresponds to the offset 4. The base 9 stops a distance 9 "to the front of the brick 1 and extends over that area in which the upper part 2 extends laterally beyond the lower part 3. The width of the base 9 also corresponds to the offset 4. In the in Fig. 1c brick shown 1 correspond to the distance 8 "and the distance 9" about the depth of 5 "of the dummy joint. 5

Fig. 1d zeigt den in Fig. 1a dargestellten Mauerstein 1 in einer Ansicht von unten, so dass die komplex geformte Unterseite des Mauersteins 1 erkennbar ist. An der Unterseite des Mauersteins 1 sind der Sockel 6 und die an den Sockel 6 angeformten Abstandhalter 7 besonders deutlich erkennbar. Sowohl der Sockel 6 als auch die Abstandhalter 7 halten einen Abstand 6" bzw. 7" zur Vorderseite des Mauersteins 1 ein. Der Abstand 6" entspricht der Tiefe 5" der in Fig. 1d nicht dargestellten Scheinfuge 5; der Abstand 7" ist etwas geringer. Zudem sind in Fig. 1d der Sockel 8 (verdeckt) sowie der Sockel 9 dargestellt. Beide Sockel 8, 9 halten einen Abstand 8" bzw. 9" zur Vorderseite des Mauersteins 1 ein. Die Abstände 8" und 9" entsprechen ebenfalls der der Tiefe 5" der in Fig. 1d nicht dargestellten Scheinfuge 5. Fig. 1d shows the in Fig. 1a shown brick 1 in a view from below, so that the complex shaped bottom of the brick 1 can be seen. At the bottom of the brick 1, the base 6 and the integrally formed on the base 6 spacers 7 are particularly clearly visible. Both the base 6 and the spacers 7 maintain a distance 6 "or 7" to the front of the brick 1 a. The distance 6 "corresponds to the depth 5" in Fig. 1d not shown dummy joint 5; the distance 7 "is slightly lower Fig. 1d the base 8 (hidden) and the base 9 shown. Both pedestals 8, 9 maintain a distance 8 "or 9" to the front of the brick 1 a. The distances 8 "and 9" also correspond to the depth of 5 "in Fig. 1d Not shown dummy joint 5.

Fig. 1e zeigt eine Detailansicht des in Fig. 1b mit "Ie" gekennzeichneten Bereichs des Mauersteins 1. Die gewählte Detailansicht stellt die Scheinfuge 5 in vergrößerter Ansicht dar. Die in Fig. 1e dargestellte Scheinfuge 5 weist eine Höhe 5' von etwa 8 mm und eine Tiefe 5" von etwa 20 mm auf. Die Höhe 5' ist im Bereich der Öffnung der Scheinfuge 5 konstant. Im Bereich des Grundes der Scheinfuge 5 verringert sich hingegen die Höhe der Scheinfuge 5, wobei sich ein Öffnungswinkel

Figure imgb0001
von etwa 30° einstellt. Fig. 1e shows a detail view of in Fig. 1b Area of the brick marked with "Ie" 1. The selected detail view represents the dummy joint 5 in an enlarged view Fig. 1e shown dummy joint 5 has a height 5 'of about 8 mm and a depth 5 "of about 20 mm The height 5' is constant in the region of the opening of the dummy joint 5. In the region of the bottom of the dummy joint 5, however, reduces the height of the Dummy joint 5, with an opening angle
Figure imgb0001
of about 30 °.

In Fig. 2 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Mauersystem 10 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht dargestellt. Das Mauersystem umfasst mehrere Mauersteine 1, die in zwei übereinander liegenden Reihen angeordnet sind. Die Mauersteine 1 weisen unterschiedliche Formate auf, die in der dargestellten Weise miteinander kombiniert werden können. Jeder Mauerstein 1 weist eine Scheinfuge 5 auf, die zwischen dem oberen Teil 2 und dem unteren Teil 3 des Mauersteins 1 angeordnet ist. Der Rand des Mauersystems 10 wird durch Rand- bzw. Ecksteine 11 gebildet, die auf einer Seite keinen Versatz aufweisen, sondern eine durchgehende, ebene Seitenfläche haben. Auf die unterste Reihe von Mauersteinen 1 ist ein Gitter 12 aufgelegt. Auf dem Gitter 12 ist eine weitere Reihe von Mauersteinen 1 angeordnet. Das Gitter 12 ist also zwischen zwei Reihen von Mauersteinen 1 angeordnet. Bevorzugt ist das Gitter 12 aus Kunststoff hergestellt und zwischen den beiden Reihen der Mauersteine 1 eingemörtelt. Das Gitter 12 ist ausschließlich in einer waagerecht verlaufenden Fuge, die zwischen aufeinander liegenden Mauersteinen 1 entsteht, angeordnet. Zwischen den senkrecht verlaufenden Fugen des Mauersystems 10 sind hingegen keine Gitter 12 angeordnet. Ebensowenig sind zwischen waagerecht verlaufenden Fugen, die - aufgrund des Versatzes - zwischen nebeneinander liegenden Mauersteinen 1 entstehen, Gitter 12 angeordnet.In Fig. 2 an inventive wall system 10 is shown in a perspective view. The wall system comprises several bricks 1, which are arranged in two superimposed rows. The bricks 1 have different formats, which can be combined with each other in the manner shown. Each brick 1 has a dummy joint 5, which is arranged between the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 of the brick 1. The edge of the wall system 10 is formed by edge or corner stones 11, which have no offset on one side, but have a continuous, flat side surface. On the bottom row of bricks 1, a grid 12 is placed. On the grid 12, a further series of bricks 1 is arranged. The grid 12 is thus arranged between two rows of bricks 1. Preferably, the grid 12 is made of plastic and mortared between the two rows of bricks 1. The grid 12 is exclusively in a horizontal joint, which is formed between superimposed bricks 1, arranged. In contrast, no grids 12 are arranged between the vertically extending joints of the wall system 10. Nor are between horizontally extending joints that arise - due to the offset - between adjacent bricks 1, grid 12 is arranged.

Fig. 3 zeigt schließlich ein erfindungsgemäßes Mauersystem 10 im Querschnitt. Das in Fig. 3 dargestellte Mauersystem 10 umfasst acht Reihen von Mauersteinen 1, die jeweils eine Scheinfuge 5 aufweisen. Zwischen den Reihen der Mauersteine 1 bilden sich zudem echte Fugen aus, die optisch von den Scheinfugen 5 kaum zu unterscheiden sind. Zwischen jeder zweiten Reihe der Mauersteine 1 sind Gitter 12 angeordnet. Alternativ kann - je nach den statischen Anforderungen - auch nur zwischen jeder dritten, vierten oder fünften Reihe oder noch seltener ein Gitter 12 angeordnet sein. Die Gitter 12 erstrecken sich an der Rückseite der Mauer über die Mauer hinaus und sind dort im Erdreich 13 verankert. Auf diese Weise wird die Stabilität des Mauersystems 10 wesentlich erhöht. Fig. 3 finally shows an inventive wall system 10 in cross section. This in Fig. 3 shown wall system 10 includes eight rows of bricks 1, each having a dummy joint 5. Between the rows of bricks 1 also form real joints, the optically scarcely from the dummy joints 5 are different. Between every other row of bricks 1 lattice 12 are arranged. Alternatively, depending on the static requirements, only one grating 12 may be arranged between every third, fourth or fifth row or even less frequently. The grids 12 extend beyond the wall at the back of the wall and are anchored there in the soil 13. In this way, the stability of the wall system 10 is substantially increased.

Claims (13)

  1. Brick (1) for a wall system (10), having
    - an upper part (2) which comprises the upper side of the brick (1), and having
    - a lower part (3) which comprises the underside of the brick (1),
    - wherein the brick (1) has, on its upper side and/or on its underside, a base (6, 8, 9) in the form of a protrusion which does not extend across the entire upper side and/or underside, and
    - wherein the brick (1) has, on its upper side and/or on its underside, at least one spacer (7),
    wherein the height of the protrusion is smaller than the height of the spacer (7), characterised in that
    the upper part (2) and the lower part (3) of the brick (1) are laterally offset in relation to each other, and
    the spacer (7) is formed on the base (6).
  2. Brick according to claim 1, characterised in that that side of the brick (1) which is opposite to the spacer (7) is designed to be flat.
  3. Brick according to claim 1, characterised in that the lower part (3) of the brick (1) has a base (8) which points upwards and/or in that the upper part (2) of the brick (1) has a base (9) which points downwards.
  4. Brick according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the brick (1) has a dummy joint (5) on its front side.
  5. Brick according to claim 4, characterised in that the dummy joint (5) is arranged between the upper part (2) and the lower part (3).
  6. Brick according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the brick (1) is a solid brick.
  7. Brick according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the brick (1) is made of concrete.
  8. Brick according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the brick (1) has a recess for form-locking connection of a grid (12).
  9. Wall system (10) comprising:
    - at least two bricks (1) arranged on top of each other, and
    - a grid (12) arranged between the at least two bricks (1) arranged on top of each other,
    wherein the grid (12) extends outwards from the wall system (10) on at least one side of the wall system (10) for anchoring in the ground (13), and wherein the grid (12) is mortared between the bricks (1),
    characterised in that
    bricks (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 are used.
  10. Wall system according to claim 9, characterised in that bricks (1) with different formats, in particular with a different grid width (B), are used.
  11. Wall system according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the grid (12) is made of plastic.
  12. Wall system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the grid (12) is exclusively arranged in horizontally running joints of the wall system (10).
  13. Wall system according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterised in that the bricks (1) are exclusively mortared in the area of the grid (12) or that all the joints of the wall system (10) are mortared.
EP13807956.1A 2012-12-06 2013-12-06 Wall block for a wall system Active EP2929100B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13807956T PL2929100T3 (en) 2012-12-06 2013-12-06 Wall block for a wall system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012111873.6A DE102012111873A1 (en) 2012-12-06 2012-12-06 Brick, masonry system and method of building a wall system
PCT/EP2013/075748 WO2014086957A1 (en) 2012-12-06 2013-12-06 Wall block, wall system and method for erecting a wall system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2929100A1 EP2929100A1 (en) 2015-10-14
EP2929100B1 true EP2929100B1 (en) 2017-02-01

Family

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EP13807956.1A Active EP2929100B1 (en) 2012-12-06 2013-12-06 Wall block for a wall system

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2929100B1 (en)
DE (2) DE102012111873A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2929100T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2014086957A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JOP20190225B1 (en) * 2019-09-26 2023-09-17 Mohammad Ahmad Abumoshref Khaled Anti earthquake ,thermal block walls

Citations (4)

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CH406575A (en) * 1963-08-20 1966-01-31 Roland Dr Scheuchzer Process for the production of masonry from components and intermediate layers from a connecting means and auxiliary device for carrying out this process
DE19544462A1 (en) * 1995-11-29 1997-06-05 Henry Schwitters Producing layers of connecting members of uniform thickness
DE19704425A1 (en) * 1996-05-21 1997-11-27 Ch Heinrich Gueltig Gmbh & Co Concrete paving block for parking area, pavements etc.
DE19746555A1 (en) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-27 Roth Reiner Shaped concrete block with at least one rough, broken visible surface

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US952918A (en) * 1906-07-24 1910-03-22 Oscar F Mann Building-block.
US2336949A (en) * 1942-07-25 1943-12-14 Norman J Mortimer Method of molding building blocks
DE8600250U1 (en) * 1986-01-08 1986-04-24 Bilz, Gerhard, 95180 Berg Brick
BE905508A (en) * 1986-09-29 1987-01-16 Mermans Jules BUILDING ELEMENT.
US5484236A (en) 1993-10-25 1996-01-16 Allan Block Corporation Method of forming concrete retaining wall block
US6082067A (en) 1999-02-08 2000-07-04 Allan Block Corporation Dry stackable block structures
DE20003440U1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2000-10-05 Süberkrüb, Günther, 24890 Stolk Facing brick
GB0223078D0 (en) * 2002-10-04 2002-11-13 W J Ladd Concrete Products Ltd Walling products
US6948282B2 (en) 2003-01-09 2005-09-27 Allan Block Corporation Interlocking building block
DE202004001058U1 (en) * 2004-01-24 2004-04-22 Herold, Andreas, Dipl.-Ing. Precast part made of concrete for retaining walls with geogrid rear suspension
US7147406B2 (en) * 2004-05-28 2006-12-12 Clack Thomas G Wall structure for retaining soils
US7959380B2 (en) * 2007-10-11 2011-06-14 Pacific Fence-Crete Ltd. Landscaping system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH406575A (en) * 1963-08-20 1966-01-31 Roland Dr Scheuchzer Process for the production of masonry from components and intermediate layers from a connecting means and auxiliary device for carrying out this process
DE19544462A1 (en) * 1995-11-29 1997-06-05 Henry Schwitters Producing layers of connecting members of uniform thickness
DE19704425A1 (en) * 1996-05-21 1997-11-27 Ch Heinrich Gueltig Gmbh & Co Concrete paving block for parking area, pavements etc.
DE19746555A1 (en) * 1997-02-20 1998-08-27 Roth Reiner Shaped concrete block with at least one rough, broken visible surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102012111873A1 (en) 2014-06-12
WO2014086957A1 (en) 2014-06-12
DE202012012497U1 (en) 2013-03-01
PL2929100T3 (en) 2017-07-31
EP2929100A1 (en) 2015-10-14

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