EP2439343B1 - Covering cut stone - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a cover stone and a revetment for covering flat or inclined floor surfaces such as embankments or dykes for general attachment, settlement of plants and microorganisms and to reduce erosion.

Known cover stones often have a spring and a groove corresponding to the tongue and can be combined via a tongue and groove connection to a revetment, so that side surfaces of adjacent cover stones abut directly or at a small distance. This results in two major problems.

First of all, a compact construction of the revetment poses the danger that, in the case of erosion of the base material located beneath the revetment, voids can form beneath the revetment, since the revetment becomes relatively rigid, little or hardly angularly movable tongue and groove connection The changed contour of the base material can not or only insufficiently follow. A particular disadvantage here is that erosion under the revetment is usually recognizable only in an advanced stage, when the revetment is no longer sufficient support surface and can collapse suddenly and unpredictably in the cavity by its own weight or external influences.

Furthermore, have known revetments with low joint gap dimensions, such as from US 6 612 776 B1 or DE 202009012633U1 known, the disadvantage that a fluid exchange between the top of the revetment and the base material is greatly hindered. Excess water, which is located in the base material, thus often can not reach the surface of the revetment fast enough, whereby the base material softened reinforced and thus the erosion process of the base material can be accelerated. This in turn can promote the formation of voids below the revetment. In particular, in dykes and slope fortifications, where the water pressure in a lower area is particularly large, this can lead to complete destruction. Conversely, there is only a low permeability to seepage water.

Another problem of known revetments is that they mostly seal large areas of soil, depriving plants and microorganisms of habitat.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a cover stone for a revetment and a revetment composed of such revetment stones, which do not have the above-mentioned disadvantages.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a cover stone for erecting a revetment having an upper side, a lower side and between them in a thickness direction extending side surfaces by the measure that adjacent to a side surface, a seepage is formed, which is permeable to water in the thickness direction and extending transversely to the thickness direction while a remaining part of the cover stone is impermeable to water.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one side surface is formed as a first mold side surface or spring side surface with a protruding spring and at least one further side surface as a second mold side surface or groove side surface with a groove corresponding to the tongue.

It can preferably be provided that the seep area is formed adjacent to at least one mold side surface, that is to say the spring side surface or groove side surface.

In a first embodiment, the seepage area in the spring or in the groove has at least one recess. This recess preferably extends in the thickness direction of the cover stone, but it may also be formed obliquely to the thickness direction. Preferably, the recess extends only over a part of a spring height or groove depth, but it is also possible that it extends over the entire spring height or groove depth or beyond, approximately to the top and / or to the bottom. It is preferably provided that the recess has a V-shaped or U-shaped cross-section.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the or each spring and the or each groove are arranged at least at one longitudinal end centrally between the top and the bottom of the cover stone.

The spring may have a spring height that is greater than a groove depth of the corresponding groove. As a result, have two adjacent, closest-assembled via a tongue and groove joint cover stones between their adjacent side surfaces at aligned lower sides both above and below the tongue and groove connection on a gap whose width (distance of the adjacent side surfaces) up to 5% , 10% or 20% of a thickness (distance between the top and bottom in the region of the gap) of the cover stone can be. In this way, the two adjacent cover stones have the ability to tilt relative to each other about a tilt axis which is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the tongue and groove. It is advantageous if the spring is semi-cylindrical or cylinder-section-shaped, and the groove has a corresponding concave inner surface. Two adjacent cover stones can be tilted in this way so far relative to each other until touching adjacent side edges above or below the spring-groove connection. Preferably, the springs and grooves are formed so that the maximum angle of such relative tilting of two cover stones is between 15 ° and 45 °.

In a second, preferred embodiment of the cover stone, a water-permeable material and / or at least one channel extending in the thickness direction are arranged within the seep area. The water permeable material may have pores through which water may flow from the bottom or top of the cover stone to the opposite top or bottom. The channel may extend completely or in sections obliquely to the thickness direction of the cover stone.

It is advantageously provided that the seep area extends over a seep width which is between 1% and 75% of a total width of the cover stone.

Preferably, the cover stone on a four- or hexagonal, more preferably a square base.

Preferably, the top of the cover stone runs parallel to the bottom.

The upper side may have an inclination angle relative to the lower side, wherein at least one lateral surface is rectangular. Such cover stones are particularly suitable for applying horizontally extending step-like surfaces on sloping ground. The angle of inclination between the upper side and the lower side in this case preferably corresponds to a gradient of the oblique base area to be covered.

Furthermore, it can be provided that in the upper side at least one groove-like depression or groove having an upper groove width, a lower groove width, a groove depth and a groove length. The groove may extend between two opposite side surfaces over the entire top. It is a rectilinear, curved or changing directions involving course of the groove possible. It can be provided that the groove in each case has a chamfer in a transition region to the upper side. The groove can be used, for example, as a receptacle of a planting or mounting for components.

It is preferably provided that the groove has a cross section with at least one undercut. The cross section of the groove may be wholly or partially triangular, square or polygonal, jagged, round, oval or any curve shape. For revetments on slopes, the groove is preferably formed perpendicular to the slope, with an undercut of the groove preferably points in the direction of the slope.

In a preferred embodiment, the groove has a trapezoidal cross-section, with a longer side of the trapezoid being spaced from the top of the cover stone and a shorter side of the trapezoid being in or on a common plane with the top.

Preferably, the cover stone is made of concrete.

The object of the invention is further achieved by a revetment of cover bricks invention.

It is preferably provided that the revetment in a horizontal arrangement has a water permeability between 100 and 20,000 l / ha.s, in particular between 200 and 2,000 l / ha.s and preferably between 500 and 1,000 l / ha.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins mit Ausnehmungen in der Feder zeigt,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf den Deckwerkstein aus Fig. 1 zeigt,
• Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins zeigt, wobei der Sickerbereich ein wasserdurchlässiges Material aufweist,
• Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht in Richtung IV des erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins aus Fig. 3 zeigt,
• Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine Kombination der ersten und zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins aus Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 zeigt,
• Fig. 6 eine Seitenansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins zeigt, wobei die Oberseite relativ zur Unterseite einen Neigungswinkel aufweist,
• Fig. 7 eine Seitenansicht einer vierten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins zeigt,
• Fig. 8 eine Draufsicht des erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins aus Fig. 7 zeigt,
• Fig. 9 eine weitere Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteins aus Fig. 7 zeigt, wobei die Rillen eine Bepflanzung aufweisen,
• Fig. 10 eine Seitenansicht eines Deckwerks, das aus der ersten oder zweiten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteine (Sickerbereich nicht dargestellt) aufgebaut ist, zeigt, wobei das bedeckte Grundmaterial einen steilen Bereich und einen flachen Bereich aufweist, und
• Fig. 11 eine Draufsicht auf ein Deckwerk, welches aus erfindungsgemäßen Deckwerksteinen nach der ersten Ausführungsform zusammengesetzt ist, zeigt.

The invention will be explained with reference to an embodiment, reference being made to a drawing in which

• Fig. 1 3 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a cover brick according to the invention with recesses in the spring,
• Fig. 2 a plan view of the cover stone Fig. 1 shows,
• Fig. 3 FIG. 2 shows a side view of a second embodiment of the cover stone according to the invention, the seepage area having a water-permeable material, FIG.
• Fig. 4 a side view in the direction IV of the inventive cover stone Fig. 3 shows,
• Fig. 5 a plan view of a combination of the first and second embodiments of the invention cover stone Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 shows,
• Fig. 6 FIG. 2 shows a side view of a third embodiment of the cover stone according to the invention, the upper side having an angle of inclination relative to the lower side, FIG.
• Fig. 7 FIG. 2 shows a side view of a fourth embodiment of the covering brick according to the invention, FIG.
• Fig. 8 a top view of the inventive cover stone Fig. 7 shows,
• Fig. 9 another side view of the invention of the cover stone Fig. 7 shows, wherein the grooves have a planting,
• Fig. 10 a side view of a revetment, which is constructed from the first or second embodiment of the inventive cover stones (seeping area, not shown) shows, wherein the covered base material has a steep area and a flat area, and
• Fig. 11 a plan view of a revetment, which is composed of inventive cover stones according to the first embodiment, shows.

First, let's up Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 be discussed in more detail. The in Fig. 1 illustrated cover brick 1a has a flat top 2, a flat bottom 3, two spring side surfaces 5, 5a (first mold side surfaces) each having a spring 6, 6a and two groove side surfaces 7 (second mold side surfaces) each having a groove 8. The springs 6, 6a have a semi-circular cross-section and are thus semi-cylindrical. The spring 6a has three semi-annularly extending around a longitudinal axis 6e of the spring recesses 10 having a V-shaped cross section, which are arranged distributed at a mutual distance along the longitudinal axis 6e. The grooves 8, 6a opposite the grooves 6 also have a semicircular cross section, which corresponds to a part of the cross section of the spring 6, wherein a groove depth nt (see. Fig. 3 ) is smaller than a spring height fh. In a spring-groove connection between a recess 10 provided with spring 6a and a groove 8, wherein the spring of a cover stone densest possible in a groove of an adjacent cover stone, the recesses 10 each form a channel, in the thickness direction 4 (of the Top to bottom or vice versa) of the cover stones water can flow or seep. Conversely or additionally, one or more recesses may be provided in the groove 8 or in a plurality of grooves in order to form a seep area in a corresponding manner.

In the Fig. 3 to Fig. 4 illustrated, a second embodiment of a cover slab 1b according to the invention has a starting from a first spring 6b and this containing, water-permeable seepage area 9 with a Sickerbreite sb. While the leakage region and thus also the first spring 6b are formed entirely of porous material, a second spring 6c and a first groove 8a opposite the second spring 6c each have a porous and a non-porous region belonging to the seepage region sb. A second groove 8 opposite to the first spring 6b is formed entirely of nonporous material. In the illustrated example, the seep width sb is greater than the spring height fh, wherein the seep width sb may alternatively be less than or equal to the spring height fh. The seep area 9 can in the plan view ( Fig. 5 ) occupy a proportion of 1% to 75%, preferably 5% to 30% and more preferably 10% to 25% of a base area (area of upper or lower side) of the revetment stone. It can be especially like in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 it is provided that the seepage region 9 extends parallel to a side surface over a region sb of the total width gb of the cover stone 1b, which amounts to 1% to 75% of the total width. In particular, the seepage area 9 is porous, so that water can flow or seep through the seepage area 9 in the thickness direction 4. It can clearly be seen that the groove depth nt is smaller than the spring height fh. The Cross-sectional areas of the spring 6 and groove 8 are preferably circular or circular section.

A combination of the first embodiment in which the seepage region 9 has recesses 10 and the second embodiment in which the seepage region 9 comprises water-permeable material is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown. This embodiment has the advantage that the water permeability of a revetment composed of this revetment stone is further improved. To increase the water permeability of the cover stone in the seepage area 9 one or more in the thickness direction 4 extending channels (not shown). A cover stone according to the invention thus has recesses 10 and / or water-permeable material and / or channels extending in the thickness direction in the seepage area.

Size and number of recesses 10, or the porosity of the seep area are chosen so that a given water permeability per unit area or per cover stone is achieved in the assembled state of several cover stones, for example. At least 100, 200, 500 or 1000 1 water per hectare and second at a specified reference water level of z. B. 1 mm on the top. The recesses can in the assembled state ( Fig. 11 ), in which grooves and spring abut as far as possible, each cover stone have a free passage area or a passage cross-section, which is between 1% and 10%, in particular 2% to 3% of the base area of a revetment stone.

Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of a cover stone according to the invention 1c, wherein the seepage area is not shown. The upper side 2 is tilted relative to the lower side 3 about an axis perpendicular to the plane of representation by an inclination angle α . Conveniently, the spring 6 and groove 8 extend parallel to the top and bottom 2, 3 and have a same vertical distance to the bottom 3. Such a cover stone 1 c finds, for example, on an inclined surface to create horizontally extending step-like surfaces, in particular for the construction of stairs, Application. It is advantageous if the inclination angle α corresponds to an inclination of the surface to be covered. A groove or tongue at least one side surface extends centrally between the top and bottom, here the groove 8 in the in Fig. 6 to the right-facing side surface 7.

FIGS. 7 to 9 show a fourth embodiment (seepage area not shown) of a cover stone 1d according to the invention, wherein an upper side 2 has two groove-like cuts or grooves 12. The grooves extend between two opposite side surfaces parallel to a groove side surface 7 and have a groove length rl an undercut, partially trapezoidal cross-section with a groove depth rt on. The trapezoidal portion of the groove has a shorter side 15 with an upper groove width or and a longer side 14 with a lower groove width ur. An undercut 13 formed in this case has the advantage that a planting 17 (FIG. Fig. 9 ) is better kept in the cover stone 1d. The grooves 12 may also have other cross-sectional shapes, such as rectangular or square, with the arrangement of an undercut 13, however, is preferred.

This in Fig. 10 shown revetment is composed of the first or second embodiment of the invention cover stone 1a, 1b, wherein the seepage area is not shown. A subsurface has a steep area 18 which merges at an edge 20 into a flat area 19 (transition angle β of, for example, 20 °, where β can be in the range of 15 ° to 45 °). Two of the edge 20 adjacent, connected to each other via a tongue and groove connection cover stones 1a, 1b, of which a cover stone 1a, 1b on the steep area 18 and the other cover stone 1a, 1b disposed on the flat portion 19, have relative to each other a tilt angle β that corresponds to the transition angle β between the steep part 18 and the flat portion 19th For example, the slope of the steep region 18 may be 1: 3 and the slope of the flat region 19 may be 1:20, with β then being about 15.6 °.

Fig. 11 shows a revetment 16, which is composed of covering stones 1a of the first embodiment. The revetment 16 is along parallel grooves 22, in which the recesses 10 are arranged with a V-shaped cross-section, permeable to water and otherwise impermeable to water.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1a - 1d

Revetment stone

2

top

3

bottom

4

thickness direction

5, 5a-5c

Spring side surface

6, 6a - 6c

feather

6e

spring longitudinal axis

7

groove side

8, 8a

groove

9

Sick heritage kingdom

10

recess

12

groove

13

undercut

14

longer side

15

shorter side

16, 16a, 16b

revetment

17

planting

18

steep area

19

flat area

20

edge

22

Gap

sb

Sickerbreite

gb

Total width of the revetment stone

fh

spring height

nt

groove depth

or

upper groove width

ur

lower groove width

rt

groove depth

rl

groove length

α

tilt angle

β

tilt angle

Claims (16)

1. One-piece covering stone (1a - 1d) for installing a revetment (16) with an upper face (2), an underside (3) and side faces that run between them in a depth direction (4), characterised in that formed adjacent to a side face is a seepage area (9) which, in the depth direction (4), is water-permeable and extends transverse to the depth direction (4), whilst a remaining part of the covering stone (1a-1d) is water-impermeable.
2. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one side face is designed as a tongue side face (5, 5a-5c) with a protruding tongue (6, 6a-6c) and at least one further side face is designed as a groove side face (7) with a groove (8) that corresponds to the tongue (6, 6a-6c).
3. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to claim 2, characterised in that the seepage area (9) is designed to be adjacent to the tongue side face (5, 5a-5c) or groove side face (7).
4. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the seepage area (9) has at least one recess (10) in the tongue (6, 6a, 6b) or in the groove (8).
5. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterised in that at least on one longitudinal end, the or each tongue (6, 6a-6c) and the or each groove (8) is/are arranged centrally between the upper face (2) and the underside (3).
6. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the tongue (6, 6a-6c) has a tongue height (fh) that is greater than a groove depth (nt) of the corresponding groove (8).
7. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that arranged within the seepage area (9) is a water-permeable material and/or at least one channel (11) running in the depth direction (4).
8. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the seepage area (9) extends over a drain width (sb), wherein the drain width (sb) is between 1 % and 75 % of an overall width (gb) of the covering stone (1).
9. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the covering stone (1) has a rectangular or hexagonal base area, preferably a square base area.
10. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the upper face (2) runs parallel to the underside (3).
11. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the upper face (2), relative to the underside (3), has an angle of inclination (α), wherein at least one side face is rectangular.
12. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that formed in the upper face (2) is at least one groove-like channel (12), which extends between two opposing side faces.
13. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to claim 12, characterised in that the channel (12) has an undercut cross section that can be trapezoid.
14. Covering stone (1a - 1d) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the covering stone (1) comprises concrete.
15. Revetment (16a, 16b) with at least one covering stone (1a - 1e) according to one of the claims 1 to 14.
16. Revetment (16a, 16b) according to claim 15, characterised by a water permeability on a horizontal plane between 100 and 20,000 l/ha.s, between 200 and 2,000 l/ha.s or between 500 and 1,000 l/ha.s.

Images