Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
  • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
  • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
  • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
  • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B2001/264—Glued connections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
  • E04B2103/04—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of plastics, fibrous material or wood

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a new building construction method with high thermal insulation, and a building constructed by this method.
• the document US3755982 describes in particular a system of panels of light material having high insulation characteristics and whose edges have longitudinal grooves. These panels can in particular be assembled by a wide joint of hardenable material, poured between the edges of two adjacent panels and thus penetrating into the grooves, and thus ensuring a tight and resistant seal. In addition, this curable material forms, once cured, a pole providing resistance to loads.
• US3254464 shows polyurethane insulating cellular panels covered with a skin and connecting keys between the panels, inserted into the recessed half-cells formed on the edges of the panels. But this system requires panels of complex shape, and the use of wooden poles inserted into at least some of the cells to ensure the mechanical strength of the partitions thus formed.
• EP0190818 shows a similar assembly system, but for insulating panels of simpler shape, solid and flat faces.
• the panels are assembled with interpositions of posts, the connections between the panels and the posts being also made by longitudinal keys.
• CA1116371 also shows a similar system, but in which the posts located at each junction between panels are replaced by simple keys, the reduced resistance thereof being compensated by the insertion of stiffeners in grooves formed in the faces of said panels .
• EP0294079 also discloses an assembly system by keys or grooves and tongues.
• the present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above, and aims in particular to simplify the construction of walls, ceilings and floors, and to ensure the thermal insulation of buildings using only lightweight building elements.
• the invention relates to a method of building a building with high thermal insulation, at least some of the walls consist essentially of panels of thermally insulating material of low density.
• the method is characterized in that the panels are cut to the desired dimensions, with continuously flat edges throughout the thickness of the panels and the panels are assembled together with the interposition of boards at the junction areas. between two adjacent panels, the boards being bonded in contact with the panels over the entire width of the edges at said junction areas.
• the construction method thus greatly simplifies the construction, using panels with flat edges, which can be obtained by a simple straight cut, and requiring no particular shaping of the edges such as making grooves or tongues, etc..
• the panels are assembled with the boards over the entire length and width of said junction areas by gluing and / or embedding.
• the panels are assembled by being clamped between the two boards located on opposite edges of the panels.
• the assembly can be made by screwing one board over the other to across the width of the panel sandwiched between said boards, or by strapping surrounding both the boards and the panel sandwiched between said boards.
• the invention also relates to a building with high thermal insulation, at least some of the walls consist essentially of panels of thermally insulating material of low density, the building being characterized in that the panels have uniformly flat edges throughout their thickness and are assembled together with interposing boards at the junction areas between two adjacent panels, the boards being bonded in contact with the panels along the entire length and width of the edges at said junction areas.
• both vertical walls constituting supporting walls or other partitions, horizontal walls constituting slabs or ceilings, or also inclined walls may for example be building covers.
• the junction areas are formed between the edges of two panels assembled side by side in the same plane, or between the edge of a panel and a side of another panel, in the case of corner assembly. It is also possible, depending on the geometry of the buildings, to have bevelled joints, on the edges or even on the edges of the faces, to achieve all the desired angles.
• the invention makes it possible to ensure very good thermal insulation of buildings by using only lightweight building elements in high thicknesses, typically 150 to 500 mm or more, preferably about 300 mm.
• the lightness of the elements and their strong resistance resulting from their thickness facilitate their implementation and their transport, and confers on the construction of good mechanical and seismic properties.
• the width of the junction zones, and therefore the width of the boards being at least equal to the thickness of the panels, or greater in the case of assemblies of bevel angles, results in a high resistance to bending of the boards in the sense of their plan.
• the connection of the latter with the panels also prevents their bending deformation transverse to their plane or torsion, and thus eliminates any risk of buckling under vertical load when the boards are vertical.
• the panels are horizontal, for slabs, or sloping, for roofs, again the panels ensure that the planks will remain flat, in a vertical plane, without possibility of torsion, and therefore with the best possible resistance in bending thanks to the relatively large width of the boards.
• the boards and panels ensure the overall strength of the walls thus formed, whether they are arranged vertically, horizontally or inclined, as long as the boards themselves are in a plane substantially vertical.
• the boards can be used advantageously for fixing heavy elements on walls or ceilings, for example cumulus or any other conventional large mass accessory.
• Another advantage of the invention is the safety in case of fire, compared to constructions insulating panels according to the prior art, despite the use of insulating materials such as expanded polystyrene. Indeed, in case of fire, the polystyrene will melt, but the planks will resist the fire longer and, in remaining assembled together, continue to provide some strength of the structure despite the disappearance of insulation panels.
• the panels are assembled with the boards by gluing, the boards being glued flat on the panels over the entire length and width of said junction areas.
• the panels are assembled with the boards by embedding.
• blades are fixed on the edges of the boards to form the wings of I or H sections, and the edges of the panels are inserted by force between said wings of the sections thus formed.
• This assembly by embedding may be completed by gluing the panels on the webs or between the wings of the profiles.
• the panels are not glued on the profiles, it will be possible to ensure the interlocking of the panels in the profiles by interconnecting the profiles of the same set of coplanar panels, for example by cleats like this. will be indicated later.
• the boards can also be connected together, for example by horizontal cleats fixed on the edges of the boards, for additional rigidity of the structure and / or to support a coating or various technical equipment of the building.
• the panels are assembled by being clamped between the two boards located on opposite sides of a panel.
• the assembly can be achieved by screwing one board over the other across the width of the panel sandwiched between said boards, by means of long wood screws, or by strapping surrounding both the boards and the panel sandwiched between said boards.
• the panels are preferably expanded foam of the type: expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, resole foam.
• the panels can also use wood fiber panels, compact rock wool, compact glass wool, or cork. In general, materials with the best possible characteristics in terms of thermal insulation and low density will be used so that even large panels can be handled with the minimum of transport and lifting equipment and minimum of labor, in particular be handled and implemented by one or two people.
• the boards are preferably made of lumber, plywood, plywood, lamibois, etc., with the possibility of fireproofing treatment.
• They could also be rigid material, having a fire resistance, for example in the form of composite wood or metal blades.
• the boards have a width substantially equal to the thickness of the panels, and a small thickness relative to their width, in a ratio typically between 1/8 and 1/15.
• the section of these boards may be 30 cm X 3 cm, a ratio of the order of 10 between width and thickness.
• the small thickness of the boards also has the advantage of a low weight, to be easily manipulated by a single person.
• a building according to the invention can be made with a minimum of material handling and very little labor.
• the blades may be made of the same material as the boards and of the same thickness, or may be made of a different material and of a thickness that is also different.
• the blades are fixed on the edges of the boards by gluing, screwing etc.
• the assembly glue of the panels with the planks is chosen according to the materials of these panels and planks.
• polyurethane adhesives, epoxy, neoprene, etc. can be used.
• the adhesives used must ensure a strong and reliable connection between boards and panels, insofar as, particularly in the case of the first variant, it is this bonding which makes it possible to ensure the mechanical strength of the whole of the construction.
• the bonded and / or nested assembly of boards and panels, or the assembly by clamping the panels between two boards provides a very good mechanical strength. Indeed, in the first place, the panels brace the different walls, and thus prevent the overall deformation of the construction.
• the panels By being bonded to the planks by gluing, interlocking or being clamped between two planks, the panels also prevent deformations of the planks, in particular in bending and twisting, and compensate in a way for the relative flexibility of the planks resulting from their small thickness, to conserve and improve their compressive strength along the longitudinal direction.
• the panels thus prevent the buckling of the boards even under heavy axial load. They also prevent the twisting of planks, from which it also results, thanks to the relatively large width of the planks, a great resistance also to bending in the general plane of the planks. This compensates, in the assembly of planks and panels, the relatively low flexural strength of insulating panels which have a thickness substantially equal to the drop planks. This high resistance to bending thus obtained by the assembly of boards and panels allows the realization of slabs and roofs.
• the boards have a width equal to or greater than the thickness of the panels, it is possible to fix on the edges boards, on the inside or outside of the partition or on both sides, cleats or other profiles allowing to attach protective or decorative coatings of all known types. Cleats or similar profiles, fixed on the edges of the boards can also be used to bind between them distant boards and consolidate the assembly of boards and panels. These cleats may be arranged perpendicularly to the boards, or also obliquely to achieve bracing complementary to that which is generally obtained by the panels themselves.
• the boards are completed by blades fixed on the edges of the boards to form profiles I or H, the edges of the panels being then inserted between the wings of said sections.
• the I or H section of the profiles makes it possible to increase the resistance of the boards, for the same wall thickness, or to compensate the effect of a smaller width of the boards, for example for a reduced thickness of the panels, locally or for the entire construction.
• a bonding may be performed on the core of the I or H and eventually supplemented by gluing the wings of the profiles on the edge of the large faces of the panels.
• it may also be used locally, if necessary, boards supplemented by a blade to form a T or an angle.
• a conventional coating for example of reinforced, composite, etc., type may be applied to the walls thus formed in accordance with the invention, that is to say applied directly on the panels and on the edges of the boards.
• a coating may be applied to the outer faces of the walls, and a decorative coating, gypsum board, paneling, etc. will be fixed on horizontal cleats connecting the boards and fixed on the edges of these, as indicated previously.
• Other coatings may also be fixed in a similar way: wood panels, fibered sheets, metal cladding, rainscreen, etc.
• a floor When the invention is used to realize a slab, a floor can be placed in a conventional manner on joists fixed on the edges of the boards, or even directly on the boards if their spacing allows such use of boards directly as joists.
• the invention is used to make a ceiling, can be fixed on the edges of the boards of the conventional ceiling suspension profiles, or possibly fix boards gypsum board directly on the lower edge of the boards.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of such a building
• FIG. 2 is a similar view, with part of the floor removed to show the structure of the walls, floor and roof,
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of assembly of the panels and boards according to the first embodiment
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of assembly of the panels and boards according to the second embodiment
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of assembly of the panels and boards according to a third embodiment.
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example of assembly panels and boards according to a fourth embodiment.
• the building shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a single-storey, one-storey house.
• the slabs bases and 1a, 1b, the walls 2 and the roof 3 are made according to the invention, by assembling polystyrene panels of dimensions typically 2.6 m ⁇ 1.2 m ⁇ 0.3 m thick and planks. 20 plywood thickness of 3 cm.
• the walls can be pre-assembled on the ground before being erected and linked to walls already mounted, by gluing, or screwing for example, at the corners.
• FIG. 3 shows the assembly of the panels and boards according to the first embodiment, in which the edges of the panels 10 are glued to the boards 20. At the angles, the boards of the vertical partition rest on the side of the boards constituting the slab, and can be fixed by any conventional fastening means. The panels constituting the walls are also glued on those constituting the slab.
• FIG. 4 shows the assembly of the panels and planks according to the second embodiment, in which blades 30 are fixed on the edges of the boards 20 to form I-shaped profiles, and the edges 11 of the panels are inserted by force between the wings of said profiled.
• FIG. 4 also shows the use of horizontal cleats fixed by screws on the blades 30 and the edges of the planks 20.
• cleats 40 connect several planks 20 to one another as previously explained, and also make it possible to fix an internal lining thereon. , such as for example plasterboard. Electrical ducts can be placed between the panels 10 and these plates or any other finishing coating, and held by the cleats 40.
• Figure 5 shows the assembly of the panels and boards according to a third embodiment, wherein the boards are assembled by screwing, so as to grip a panel between two boards.
• special wood screws 50 of great length and having a diameter of the order of 6 mm, for example, whose length is adapted to traverse, from a last laid board 20a, all the width of the panel 10, and screw into the previously laid board 20b, located on the other side of the panel 10.
• This assembly mode has the facility to cross the light insulating panels by the screws 50.
• the tightening of the screws ensures a very good contact, under pressure, boards with the edges of the panels. This improves the strength of the assembly, favored by the presence of the screws forming a kind of reinforcement in the thickness of the wall and by the friction, resulting from the tightening of the screws, between the boards 20 and the edges of the panels 10.
• the mounting of a wall according to this embodiment is simply by starting by assembling a first panel between two boards screwed to one another. Then we add a second panel whose song is placed against one of the boards and we place a third board that is screwed on the board already in place through the second panel, and so on. For disassembly and recycling of this construction, simply unscrew the screws 50, to separate the boards and panels, beginning disassembly by the last board set up during assembly.
• FIG. 6 shows the assembly of the panels and planks according to a fourth embodiment, in which the planks 20 are assembled by strapping, by means of of steel strip 60 for example.
• the strips 60a it is sufficient to place the strips 60a, to be used to assemble a panel and a new board on a board 20b already in place, between the said board 20 b and the front panel 10a to permanently circle said board 20b on the panel 10a, and so on.
• cleats including horizontal cleats, can also be fixed directly on the edges of the boards 20, to serve as a support for a coating, as explained above, allowing the passage sheaths, conduits or cable between said coating and the surface of the panels.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=48040314

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (7)

Family Cites Families (35)

• 2012
  • 2012-11-14 FR FR1260856A patent/FR2997977B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-10-28 CN CN201380057833.5A patent/CN104797761B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-10-28 EP EP13795834.4A patent/EP2920377B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2013-10-28 AU AU2013346658A patent/AU2013346658B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2013-10-28 US US14/439,833 patent/US9574347B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-10-28 JP JP2015541208A patent/JP6281713B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-10-28 RU RU2015122637A patent/RU2656260C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2013-10-28 CA CA2889097A patent/CA2889097A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-10-28 WO PCT/FR2013/052572 patent/WO2014076385A1/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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