Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
  • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
  • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
  • E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
  • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
  • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
  • E04B2005/237—Separate connecting elements

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of construction, taken in its broad sense, and more specifically the field of construction of various works made for essential part of wood.
• the present invention is particularly suitable for making horizontal structures, it could also be used when making vertical walls.
• the invention is particularly suitable for producing works which are, if necessary, removable, in particular in the context of temporary constructions.
• each beam (3) On these metal sections (1) are mounted, at regular intervals, wooden beams (3), on which are arranged load-bearing panels (4), generally made of wood or derivatives.
• the load per unit area, supported by each beam (3) corresponds to the load distributed on the support panel (4) over a width equal to one between axis (e), or distance between beams.
• the beams (3) whose dimensions are large enough to support the load which can either be fixed, or possibly be mobile.
• a first problem which the invention proposes to solve is that of the production of structures which are, if necessary, easily removable, for example in the context of temporary constructions, to take account of ecological constraints requiring the reuse of the materials used in such a framework.
• one of the objectives of the invention is to make it possible to produce structures which can be dismantled or not, at a lower cost than the production of beams using the glued laminated technique.
• one of the objectives of the invention is therefore to produce such structures using standard parts, such as planks 200 mm wide (h), planks which can be of various lengths and making it possible to produce structures , of great range (from 6 to 12 meters), resistant to heavy loads, of great length, and this from elementary boards which can have a length ranging between 2,5 and 5 meters only, or for traditional industrial lengths of 2 and 4 or 5 meters.
• the parallel planks constituting the wooden structure are assembled together by nailing, have their longitudinal axis parallel to the plane passing through the edges external to said planks, the latter being alternately offset from each other perpendicularly to this plane.
• staggered plank structures could be used to make works capable of supporting mobile loads, for example works serving as a traffic route, in particular for public works or delivery vehicles serving the construction of buildings intended to be mounted on a slab or platform which would be made from wood.
• a new type of construction slab intended to be mounted on a load-bearing structure and capable of supporting a large load, fixed or mobile, comprising, d 'In a way comparable to the teachings of DE 19537298 cited above, a basic structure consisting of a plurality of parallel boards, of rectangular section, which are assembled together by nailing or screwing.
• the boards of rectangular section have their longitudinal axis parallel to the plane of the slab, and are alternately offset from each other and this, perpendicular to the plane of said slab.
• the slab according to the invention is characterized in that said basic structure is covered over at least the entire surface intended to receive the load, with a continuous panel, extending over its entire width, and which makes it possible to distribute the loads exerted on said panel, on several lateral planks adjacent to those against which the load is exerted directly, this distribution being made along an axis perpendicular to said boards, therefore parallel to the direction of screwing or nailing the boards together.
• a second panel can be placed under the boards to further strengthen the slab.
• the construction slab according to the invention behaves like the association of a beam constituted by the assembly of the boards, and of at least one upper panel on which the loads can be directly applied.
• the assembly of the nailed and / or screwed boards together makes it possible to obtain a beam of width equal to its span, or in other words, a beam extending over the entire width of the slab which it supports.
• the offset formed between two consecutive boards of this structure makes it possible to multiply by 1.5 to 2, the flexural strength compared to a beam which would have a height equal to the width (h) of only one of the boards of constitution and make it much less deformable by reducing slenderness, a characteristic which is the result of the ratio of the span length to the thickness of the slab.
• the configuration given to the plank structure is particularly advantageous in terms of flexural strength and deformability.
• such a configuration makes it possible to obtain mechanical strength with a saving of material.
• the distribution panel associated with the basic structure will preferably be constituted by a wooden panel, preferably of the “crossed microlnear” type, has a strong axis in the direction of the fibers and a weak axis in the direction of two or three folds crossed, said panel being screwed onto the base structure with its strong axis perpendicular to the axis of the boards of said structure.
• the distribution panel can be constituted by a layer or plate of concrete which can be poured into the basic structure made up of offset boards.
• metal rods can be integrated inside the concrete layer in order to increase the shear strength as well as the quality of the wood-concrete composite section.
• the distribution panel that the slab according to the invention comprises, a distribution is ensured, on several consecutive lateral boards and close to those against which the load is directly exerted, this distribution taking place along an axis perpendicular to the boards, therefore parallel to the direction of screwing or nailing the boards together.
• planks of the basic structure are alternately offset by a distance between half and two thirds of their width (h), which translates, in terms of flexural strength by an increase from 150 to 200 %.
• a sealing layer such as asphalt, can optionally be poured onto the surface of the distribution panel.
• the distribution panel In the case where the distribution panel consists of poured concrete, it penetrates into the spaces formed between two boards offset at the same level, which improves the bond of the concrete material to the wood, to give a compound inertia, with the concrete. in compression and wood in tension. In other alternative embodiments, it can be envisaged to fill this space between two boards offset at the same level with an acoustic insulating material or even thermal insulating material.
• each slab has a cutout capable of allowing its arrangement with the beams of the supporting structure.
• Figure 1 is a summary perspective view of a platform structure produced according to the prior art.
• FIG. 2 is a general view in summary perspective of a platform structure produced in accordance with the invention.
• Figure 3 is a summary perspective view of a slab made according to the invention, placed on two support beams (steel or wood).
• Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of a slab produced according to the invention, comprising a wooden or concrete distribution panel.
• FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of a slab produced in accordance with the invention, in which the distributor panel is produced by a layer of concrete poured onto the structure.
• FIG. 6 illustrates, schematically, the manner in which the transfer of forces is carried out laterally thanks to the presence of the distribution panel of a slab produced in accordance with the invention.
• Figure 7 is a sectional view of the junction area of two tiles according to the invention, for making a large platform.
• Figure 8 is an alternative embodiment of the junction area, when the distribution plate is for example made of concrete.
• Figure 9 is a partial sectional view of a way of achieving the junction of two tiles according to the invention.
• Figure 10 schematically illustrates a variant of a slab according to the invention comprising spacers between two consecutive boards.
• FIG. 11 illustrates a variant of a slab whose distribution plate is formed by a layer of concrete comprising a steel reinforcement.
• Figures 12 and 13 are partial sectional views of slabs according to the invention, used to form vertical walls of buildings.
• the invention relates to a building slab intended in particular to be used for the production of platforms mounted on stilts, but also for the production of floors, walls or facades of buildings.
• a set of piles (10) is firmly anchored in the ground or, when it is an "offshore” platform, anchored in the marine or lake basement.
• these various piles (10) have support elements (12) intended to receive beams (13) formed in the example illustrated by metal profiles.
• the set of piles (10), different beams (12, 13) constitute what is called hereinafter "supporting structure”.
• the invention relates to the various slabs (15) which are placed on the metal beams (or wooden beams) (13), and which are intended to support the large load which will be installed.
• This load can be fixed, in the case of buildings or even mobile, if this platform serves as traffic lanes, and in particular for public works and delivery vehicles used in the construction of these buildings.
• this slab (15) consists on the one hand, of a structure (16) consisting of an assembly of different planks (17) of wood, and on the other hand, of a distribution plate (18) secured to the structure (16) of boards by screws or nails allowing if necessary to arrive at a compound inertia, this principle can also be applied on the underside.
• the slab (15) therefore comprises a structure (16) consisting of an assembly of boards (17) of standard dimensions.
• the various boards (17) constituting this assembly (16) are arranged with their longitudinal axis parallel to the plane (20) of the slab (15).
• the boards (17) are joined together by their width (h). According to an important characteristic, the boards (22, 23) are alternately offset with respect to each other, and in a direction (Z) perpendicular to the plane (20) of the slab (15).
• plank structure has a height (H) greater than the width (h) of a single plank (17), which gives this structure the behavior equivalent to that of a beam of thickness much greater than that of a standard board, this thickness being obtained by shifting the boards.
• the different boards (22, 23) are offset from one another by a distance of between half and two thirds of their width (h).
• the complete structure therefore has a thickness (H) of between 1.5 and
• the composite beam of thickness (H) formed by the structure (16) has flexural strength properties twice that of a beam of the same width, but of thickness (h) equal to that of a unitary board (17).
• each board (22) is screwed or nailed with the two adjacent boards (23, 24).
• the density of assembly means (26) can be chosen optimally, and to distribute the point load (for example truck wheel) on several side boards.
• the slab (15) illustrated in Figure 4 has, above the structure (16) of characteristic planks, a distribution panel (30), which can be made of wood in which case it will preferably be based on a "microlame” type panel having a strong axis in the direction of the fibers and a weak axis in the direction of two or three crossed folds, this panel being screwed with its strong axis perpendicular to the axis of the boards.
• a distribution panel (30) which can be made of wood in which case it will preferably be based on a "microlame” type panel having a strong axis in the direction of the fibers and a weak axis in the direction of two or three crossed folds, this panel being screwed with its strong axis perpendicular to the axis of the boards.
• This panel (30) allows the loads exerted to be distributed along an axis perpendicular to the boards (17), therefore parallel to the direction of screwing or nailing the boards on several neighboring boards (23, 25).
• such a panel makes it possible to obtain a slab effect, bearing in the two directions of the plane.
• Such a construction method with a panel made up of a crossed micro-blade makes it possible, as can be seen from FIG. 6, to disperse the point load over the width of the boards.
• a truck wheel (R) transmits a load over an area of 10 40 x 40 cm 2 .
• the truck load can be spread over 1.50 m.
• 4 times more boards work on resistance compared to an unreinforced beam mode. Consequently, the shearing forces of the truck wheel are absorbed by the panel and no longer by the screws or nails connecting the elementary boards together, which eliminates all risks of rutting.
• the screw allowing a tensile force on its axis, the reduction in the number of screws is compensated by the friction of the boards at the level of the contiguous surface.
• the screws give a kind of prestressing perpendicular to the boards which improves the slab effect on the direction perpendicular to said boards.
• a structure having very good characteristics can be obtained by using 20 screws per m 2 , with a diameter of 6 mm, length 220 mm while the application of the usual standards would require the use of 40 screws.
• good resistance to forces has been obtained, typically at a load of 350 kilos / m 2 , to which is added the weight discharged by a vehicle wheel corresponding to 7,500 kilos, by using elementary boards of rectangular section of 175 x 38 mm, assembled with screws or nails 4 mm in diameter and 100 mm long, the whole being covered with a 9-ply "microlame" type panel, the 3 rd and 7 th plies being crossed with respect to the other folds, said panel having a thickness of 27 mm, ie 15% of 175 mm.
• the distribution panel (4) situated above the structure (16) of a wooden board can be constituted by a layer of reinforcing concrete, which can advantageously, but not necessarily, be as illustrated in FIG. 5 poured directly onto the structure (16) of wooden boards.
• the concrete interferes in the spaces (42) existing between the offset boards (43, 44), which improves the properties of the slab in the transverse direction, the concrete better distributing the point load.
• connection connectors (200), (201) of the two materials can be obtained by interfacing connection connectors (200), (201) of the two materials (screws, lag screws or other), as shown schematically in the figure 11.
• the tiles in accordance with the invention can constitute a platform in itself, or be assembled to make very large platforms.
• plank lengths of 4 or 5 m make it possible to produce a slab on several static supports with a center distance of 6 m and for lesser loads up to approximately 12 meters of span. 10
• the different slabs intended to be associated to form the final platform are mounted on the support structure, as illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
• two structures (50, 51) of assembled boards are associated at the level of a beam (52) of the support structure.
• Metal connectors of the screw or lag screw type (62, 63) are used to secure the two structures (50, 51) of planks to the beam.
• the distribution plate (53) is unique for the two structures (50, 51) of boards which are adjacent, but it could be replaced by two independent panels.
• a pressure distributing element is constituted by a layer of concrete (70), and as illustrated in FIG. 8, it can be provided at the level of the beam (72) of the supporting structure, joists ( 73, 74) on which rest the lateral ends (75, 76) of the structures (77,
• a connector (85) is provided, the end of which is fixed inside the beam (72) of the support structure, and which has its upper part embedded in the concrete layer (70). This ensures good anchoring of the concrete layer to achieve a composite action of wood and concrete on the main beam (72).
• FIG. 10 illustrates, for its part, a variant of a slab according to the invention in which additional spacers (202) are arranged between two elementary boards offset from the basic structure.
• Such spacers can optionally be made of particle board and save boards.
• the distribution panel is dimensioned to take account of these additional plank spaces.
• the construction slab according to the invention can be used not only to produce horizontal platforms, slabs, but also to constitute walls or walls of buildings, as illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13.
• the wall (100) is made up of slabs according to the invention, the structure of assembled boards (101) is located on the inside of the wall, so as to be visible, while the part external of the wall consists of a rigid plate (102) intended to distribute the forces on a plurality of boards (103) of the structure (101). This allows, to distribute the forces exerted by the wind, which we know can be particularly important.
• This tray will also serve as a support layer for the finishes (plaster, paint, etc.).
• the slab according to the invention comprises, with regard to the outside, a distributor plate (110) which comes into contact with half of the boards (111) of the structure (112) of boards assemblies.
• This panel can advantageously be spaced to allow natural ventilation of the boards in the event of water infiltration.
• an insulation layer (113) is provided on the inside of the wall of the wall and is placed on the face (115) of the structure (112) of assembled planks, which faces the inside of the wall.
• This insulation layer (113) is covered with a finishing layer (116) and possibly with a barrier layer (117) preventing the passage of steam in the direction of the insulation.
• construction slab structure according to the invention has multiple advantages, and in particular:
• the distribution panel is produced from a microlame structure screwed to the base structure, it is possible to completely dismantle the structure of assembled boards when the platform or the building has to be dismantled , which allows the reuse of the boards which constitute it or the recycling in another industry (formwork, packaging, or beam in boards ).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=9541700

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (2)

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• 1999
  • 1999-02-03 FR FR9901416A patent/FR2789102B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2000
  • 2000-01-31 AU AU23005/00A patent/AU2300500A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-01-31 DE DE60007842T patent/DE60007842T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-01-31 AT AT00901682T patent/ATE258256T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-01-31 EP EP00901682A patent/EP1149213B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-01-31 WO PCT/FR2000/000215 patent/WO2000046458A1/fr active IP Right Grant
• 2001
  • 2001-07-30 US US09/918,270 patent/US6550202B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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