EP2917026A1 - Impression tridimensionnelle multicolore à base d'extrusion - Google Patents

Impression tridimensionnelle multicolore à base d'extrusion

Info

Publication number
EP2917026A1
EP2917026A1 EP13777005.3A EP13777005A EP2917026A1 EP 2917026 A1 EP2917026 A1 EP 2917026A1 EP 13777005 A EP13777005 A EP 13777005A EP 2917026 A1 EP2917026 A1 EP 2917026A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extrusion
print head
printer according
printing
printhead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13777005.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus PRIDÖHL
Günter Schmitt
Dirk Poppe
Stephan Kohlstruk
Benjamin HAMMANN
Sonja CREMER
Kris BEKS
Ludo Dewaelheyns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roehm GmbH Darmstadt
Original Assignee
Evonik Roehm GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evonik Roehm GmbH filed Critical Evonik Roehm GmbH
Priority to EP13777005.3A priority Critical patent/EP2917026A1/fr
Publication of EP2917026A1 publication Critical patent/EP2917026A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
    • B05D1/265—Extrusion coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D11/00—Other features of manufacture
    • D01D11/06—Coating with spinning solutions or melts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a modified extrusion-based 3D printing, in particular a modified fused deposition modeling method for producing multicolored three-dimensional objects.
  • the invention relates to a 3D printing method with which over the prior art mechanically stable, multicolored 3D objects can be produced.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the polymer strand used to produce the actual object is coated in front of the print head and the coating is fixed in the print head before the polymer strand enters. After extrusion in the print head, the coating continues to predominantly be found on the surface of the extruded strand.
  • the coating may be colored or contain functional additives.
  • SLA stereolithography
  • a liquid composition of a radiation-curable polymer is cured in layers by means of a laser.
  • SLS selective laser sintering method
  • a powdered raw material such as a thermoplastic or a sinterable metal
  • SLA selective laser sintering method
  • a well-known 3D printing process which can also be used to produce multicolor objects, is the UV inkjet process.
  • a powdery material is applied in thin layers, onto which a UV-curable liquid in the form of the respective layer of the later three-dimensional product is printed and finally the printed layer is cured with a UV source.
  • a colored liquid is applied in layers and selectively with a second liquid, which leads to a hardening reaction with the first liquid printed.
  • Such a process can only build up colors layer by layer, except that it is between the non-cured ones
  • Liquid layers can come to mixtures.
  • Another method is Three Dimension Printing (TDP).
  • TDP Three Dimension Printing
  • powdery materials which are preferably ceramics, are selectively impregnated layer by layer with one of the melts of a thermoplastic polymer. After each printing layer, a new layer of the powdery material must be applied.
  • Thermoplastics the three-dimensional object is formed.
  • thermoplastic In the process described in US 2004/0251574, subsequent to the printing of the thermoplastic, printing is selectively effected with one color. Advantage of this method is that can be printed very selectively. Disadvantage of this method, however, is that a uniform and bright color image can not be achieved, since a uniform penetration of the color into the composite of the (ceramic) powder and the binder can not be achieved.
  • the first contains the binder and a color which, upon contact with the second material, precipitates to selectively color the surface. That way, you can do better
  • Multi-color printing can be guaranteed is not described.
  • the one material is a support material needed only at locations above which e.g. an overhanging part of the 3D object
  • Printing process is printed.
  • This support material may later, e.g. be removed by dissolving in acids, bases or water.
  • the other material (the build material) forms the actual 3D object. Again, the pressure usually takes place in layers. For the first time that became
  • the task was to provide a 3D printing process that could produce selectively colored multi-color three-dimensional objects with a sharp and clear color image.
  • Another task was to be able to represent colored objects, the color should not be introduced by a post-processing.
  • the invention relates to a modified extrusion 3D printing method for colored 3D printing.
  • Extrusion 3D printing processes are understood to mean, in particular, a fused deposition modeling method (hereinafter referred to as FDM) or the printing process very similar to the FDM method.
  • FDM fused deposition modeling method
  • extrusion-based 3D printing process, FDM printing process or FDM-3D printing process are used interchangeably in the remainder of the text.
  • the terms Extrusion-based 3D printer and FDM-3D printer or FDM printer are used interchangeably below.
  • printhead is understood to mean the entire apparatus for conveying, melting and applying a filament in an extrusion-based 3D printing process.
  • composition is understood to mean the composition which is applied to the polymer strand according to the invention.
  • the composition contains colors, pigments and / or additives.
  • fixation is understood as meaning the drying, curing, polymerization, addition, crosslinking, binding or reaction of the coating.
  • filament in the context of the present invention, the
  • the filament is melted according to the invention in the print head and then printed to a 3D object.
  • the filament is a thermoplastically processable material.
  • the filament is a polymer filament, but not limited to such.
  • polymer filaments can only partially from a
  • thermoplastic polymer matrix material and other fillers or metals for example, be composed.
  • the tasks were solved by providing a novel - extrusion-based 3D printer for producing single or multi-colored, three-dimensional objects made of filaments, which includes a print head
  • This extrusion-based 3D printer typically has at least one print head that prints a build material, and typically another print head that prints a support material that is also added in the form of a filament ,
  • the print heads each have a nozzle, again consisting of at least two
  • the polymer is solid and in the second, lower, the polymer is molten.
  • the present invention relates to a device for coating and printing such a filament, in particular the build material.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the filament is coated before entering the printhead with additives and / or colors from a plurality of storage containers, equipped with metering devices, by means of a coating unit. Furthermore, the filament is coated before entering the printhead with additives and / or colors from a plurality of storage containers, equipped with metering devices, by means of a coating unit. Furthermore, the
  • Fixing unit which is in the simplest case, a drying unit and / or an area in which air drying takes place.
  • the coating unit can be an arrangement with one or more nozzles, in particular with one or more inkjet printheads.
  • it is a sponge-like material surrounding the filament and impregnated with the ink, or a ring gap which is as small as possible and which changes continuously with it
  • the coating unit should have an outlet for excess coating agents and for cleaning operations.
  • the outlet should be provided with a collecting container for collecting these residues.
  • the fixing unit can be a thermal drying unit, such as, for example, an IR radiation source and / or an air or gas jet, the latter optionally tempered.
  • the previously coated filament is guided through this unit and volatile components are removed by means of the drying unit.
  • a later bleeding of non-dried colors can be avoided.
  • the problem of outgassing of volatiles during the pressure in the nozzle which in turn can lead to blistering or imprecise pressure, can be avoided.
  • the thermal drying unit air drying may also take place before the coated filament enters the print head.
  • the coated filament after leaving the coating unit and before entering the printhead at least a distance of 1 cm, preferably at least 10 cm, more preferably at least 15 cm and more preferably at least 25 cm cover.
  • the coating unit and the printhead are in a heated housing.
  • the air drying is additionally accelerated.
  • this embodiment is preferred for a
  • the fixation of the coating can be carried out or accelerated instead of or in addition to the drying by a chemical reaction such as polymerization, addition or crosslinking.
  • the applied coating is a reactive mixture which reacts by itself under ambient conditions and is thus fixed.
  • the coated filament after leaving the coating unit and before entering the printhead at least a distance of 1 cm, preferably at least 10 cm, more preferably at least 15 cm and more preferably at least 25 cm cover.
  • fixation of the coating can also be effected or accelerated by plasma, UV radiation, microwave radiation, magnetic induction or cold plasma. This can change the length of the coating
  • Fixation distance can be significantly reduced.
  • Intercoat adhesion can be improved.
  • the coating reacts after the
  • the coating Due to the lower shear rates within the print head and the adjusted viscosities of polymer and coating at the selected extrusion temperature, the coating hardly mixes with the coating
  • the composition is delivered via a dynamic, or preferably a static mixer
  • Additives, pigments and / or colors are first added.
  • the mixture produced in the mixer is then passed on into the coating unit.
  • This mixer is preferably mounted directly on the coating unit or forms an integral unit with it in order to minimize dead volumes, pressure drops and lines.
  • the mixture of paints, pigments and / or additives is applied to the surface of the solid filament. Later in the extrusion in the print head, a partial mixing of the coating with the molten base filament by diffusion in the melt can take place. However, as described, a homogeneous distribution in the melt is not necessary since the later surface of the three-dimensional object predominantly and advantageously consists of the supplied coating which forms the surface of the melt strand. With this variant, it is thus possible in particular to provide a method which
  • the printhead has an additional dynamic or static mixer in the lower region of the nozzle in the area of the molten filament. Basically, however, such an additional mixer is not necessary to obtain a good color image of the
  • the arrangement of the print head, the coating unit and the other components can be relatively freely chosen with respect to their orientation and is to be observed according to the invention only in relation to the order. So the filaments can optionally also horizontally or from bottom to top the Run through the coating unit and / or the fixing unit.
  • the filament can also be passed through a hose.
  • Advantage of this variant is a possibly less susceptible operation of the printer.
  • Advantage of a pulley is the higher
  • a guide or a brake e.g. in the form of one or two brake rollers, by means of which it is ensured that the filament is tensioned in the coating unit.
  • a second conveyor unit or a second guide directly behind the adjoining the coating unit fuser or after the minimum distance required for drying of 1 cm, a second conveyor unit or a second guide.
  • the voltage can optionally be dispensed with since horizontal movements in the coating unit are only minimally possible.
  • Filamentrolle over coating or drying unit up to Printhead to be moved together.
  • two conveyor units one directly behind the fixture and the second directly in front of or in the print head, are present and controlled separately from each other so that there is sufficient filament between the two positions that this one on one allows free control of the printhead alone, and on the other hand too much sagging of the filament is avoided.
  • the extrusion-based 3D printer according to the invention can be equipped with further optional components.
  • the following list is as
  • the raw filament for the coating unit before the coating unit, the raw filament for the coating unit.
  • Improvement of adhesion can be activated with methods such as plasma discharge.
  • color detectors and / or sensors for determining the diameter of the filament or the layer thickness of the starting and the coated filament may optionally be arranged in front of the respective print head, the information of which may be used to optimize the material flow, color control and pressure control.
  • the colors used in the device are:
  • compositions of different colors such as three primary colors such as the subtractive mixture magenta, cyan and blue or yellow or the additive mixture of light colors red, green and blue. If three primary colors are used, it is also preferable to add black as the fourth "color.” Alternatively, depending on the build material, white may also be used as the fourth or fifth "color.” Depending on the system, however, up to twenty colors may be required for true color systems. Systems with at least 10, in particular 12 different colors are particularly preferred. With such a system, a higher color brilliance can be achieved.
  • the listed color systems of different compositions have long been known to the person skilled in the art from 2D printing. All used colors are each in separate storage containers, each equipped with its own metering device, before and are from there depending on Embodiment dosed directly into the coating unit or the dynamic mixer.
  • the additives are preferably one or more
  • Adhesive improving additives may also be other additives such. to act UV crosslinker or thermally or magnetically activated adhesives. Furthermore conceivable are the addition of
  • Scratch resistance improving coating components or surface stabilization additives such as e.g. UV stabilizers.
  • inorganic additives such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or - in the case of dark colored objects - carbon black can be applied as an additive on the surface.
  • the respective effect is much better unfolded, as if the corresponding additives of the matrix of the material are added.
  • Surface conductivity can use graphene as an additive.
  • the additives are presented from separate storage containers or mixed with one or more colors.
  • Support material is coated with these additives in such a way that, even after melting in the die, they are preferably present on the surface of the extruded strands and achieve their effect there, for example adhesion-promoting properties of the strands with one another or
  • the device for producing three-dimensional bodies has a third print head.
  • This optional third printhead is the same as the second printhead.
  • a filament for a second build material is printed, which differs from the first build material.
  • the coloring compositions may optionally also contain fillers which are used in the If necessary, give the transparent build material a non-transparent look.
  • the second printhead may contain an uncolored, non-transparent prior to dyeing
  • the third printhead may contain a non-dyed, transparent build material prior to dyeing.
  • Both printheads preferably each have their own mixing devices which are based on the same
  • the build materials are each
  • the build material of the second and / or the third optional printhead is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), polycarbonate (PC),
  • the notation (meth) acrylate as used herein means both methacrylate, e.g.
  • polymethacrylate or polycarbonate are especially preferred.
  • the support material from the first printhead should preferably be an acid, base or water soluble polymer.
  • the device according to the invention for use in a
  • Extrusion-based 3D printing process generally corresponds to the state of the art and is thus usually designed such that the respective
  • Hue is entered into a computer-based CAD program and that thereby provides a file that in addition to the coordinates of the
  • Color setting contains.
  • a suitable file format is described, for example, in the Additive Manufacturing File Format (ASTM F2915-12).
  • the respective color is adjusted by controlling the metering devices and controlled metered addition of the respective primary colors or black from the storage containers.
  • the coating units of the second and the third print head can have further storage containers which contain further pigments in addition to black and the colors or primary colors or additives. These further pigments may, for example, be metallic pigments and / or fluorescent pigments.
  • the reservoirs may also contain additives, adhesion promoters or adhesives that are heatable by microwaves, magnetic or electric fields, and / or activated. These may be added either to one or all of the compositions or from separate ones
  • compositions colorless.
  • the concrete selection of the corresponding additives will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the composition and the build material used.
  • one or more reservoirs may also contain crosslinkers, initiators or accelerators, which may be contacted by contact with the filament, by reaction with each other in the mixture, by thermal or
  • reaction in the fixing unit and / or after the extrusion lead to a reaction, such as addition or crosslinking, so that one obtains a wholly or partially elastomeric or thermoset three-dimensional object.
  • a reaction of the surface coating can also be done subsequently by first using microwaves, heat, plasma, UV light or
  • Magnetic fields activatable additives are applied as a coating and these are subsequently activated in a subsequent process step accordingly.
  • the additives from different storage containers can react with one another after mixing and thus, for example, become a chemical Crosslinking at the filament surface and / or lead to an adhesion improvement of the filaments after printing with each other.
  • the storage containers are movable
  • Inkjet color printers are known, or to storage vessels, from which, for example, taken over pumps or liquids to cartridges can be clamped in a piston pump. These can be designed so that they can be easily and individually replaced or renewed.
  • Dye composition on the surface of the filament entry of the coated filament into a printhead, melting of the filament in the printhead and dispensing of the melt by means of a nozzle for the purpose of three-dimensional printing.
  • this method is performed with an extrusion-based 3D printer according to the invention described above ,
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the coating components after printing on the surface of the
  • FIG. 1 exemplifies an embodiment in which only the essential components of the invention coating unit, fixing unit and the print head essential for the extrusion-based 3D printer are illustrated.
  • 1 mixer for the color composition with attached

Abstract

L'invention concerne une impression 3D réalisée par un procédé d'extrusion modifié, en particulier un procédé modifié de modelage par dépôt de matière en fusion, pour fabriquer des objets tridimensionnels multicolores. En particulier, l'invention concerne un procédé d'impression en 3D qui, par rapport à l'état de la technique, permet de produire des objets en 3D multicolores mécaniquement stables et possédant une coloration particulièrement bonne. Le procédé selon l'invention se base sur le fait que le filament de polymère utilisé pour fabriquer l'objet proprement dit est revêtu en amont de la tête d'impression et que le revêtement est fixé avant que le filament de polymère pénètre dans la tête d'impression. Après l'extrusion dans la tête d'impression, le revêtement se trouve en outre majoritairement sur la surface du filament extrudé. Le revêtement peut être teinté dans la masse ou contenir des additifs fonctionnels.
EP13777005.3A 2012-11-09 2013-10-10 Impression tridimensionnelle multicolore à base d'extrusion Withdrawn EP2917026A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13777005.3A EP2917026A1 (fr) 2012-11-09 2013-10-10 Impression tridimensionnelle multicolore à base d'extrusion

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12192030 2012-11-09
PCT/EP2013/071105 WO2014072147A1 (fr) 2012-11-09 2013-10-10 Impression tridimensionnelle multicolore à base d'extrusion
EP13777005.3A EP2917026A1 (fr) 2012-11-09 2013-10-10 Impression tridimensionnelle multicolore à base d'extrusion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2917026A1 true EP2917026A1 (fr) 2015-09-16

Family

ID=47172516

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13777005.3A Withdrawn EP2917026A1 (fr) 2012-11-09 2013-10-10 Impression tridimensionnelle multicolore à base d'extrusion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9433969B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2917026A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016501136A (fr)
CN (1) CN104870171A (fr)
IL (1) IL238618A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014072147A1 (fr)

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US20140134334A1 (en) 2014-05-15
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