EP2911793B1 - Eccentric roller crusher - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an eccentric roller crusher with a crusher housing, a drive shaft, an eccentrically and rotatably mounted on the drive shaft roller and a rocker, which is pivotable about a swing axis for adjusting an exit gap between the roller and rocker.

An eccentric roller crusher with the features described above is known as "Rotex crushers" for a long time from the technical and patent literature. Thus, the structure and operation of the generic eccentric roller crusher in the magazine " Reprocessing Technique, Journal for the Processing of Solid Raw Materials ", Volume 5 (1964), No. 5, pages 242 to 247 such as " Reprocessing Technique, Journal for the Processing of Solid Raw Materials ", Volume 5 (1966), Issue 3, pages 166 to 174 described. The eccentric roll crusher (Rotex crusher) comprises a freely rotatable, mounted on an eccentric shaft in rolling bearings crushing roller and at least one provided with crushing jaws rocker. The operation of the eccentric roll crusher is fundamentally different from that of a conventional roll crusher. While in a conventional roll crusher the crushed material of teeth is drawn into the crushing gap and crushed by the rotational movement, in the eccentric roll crusher by the eccentric arrangement of the roller on the drive shaft reciprocating motion, that is, creating an eccentric oscillating motion that periodically narrows and widened the gap between the roller and the at least one rocker. In the known Rotex crushers, the crushed material, for example rock, is fed through a hopper and comminuted between the roller and the at least one rocker when the gap is reduced due to the reciprocating movement. In a subsequent extension of the gap then further crushed material can slip.

Due to the free or largely free rotatable mounting of the roller on the drive shaft there are no friction losses. The roller is not limited in its movement and performs due to the forces acting on it during operation, a slow rotational movement, which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft. Although breaking - similar to a jaw crusher - is carried out by a lifting movement, the rotation of the roller against the direction of rotation of the drive shaft can also be achieved so that the loads are distributed over the entire shell of the roller. The well-known eccentric roller crusher is characterized by low losses, low wear and relatively compact dimensions.

The crushing gap is formed between the roller and the at least one rocker. Taking into account the eccentric reciprocating motion of the roller results in an outer contact circle of the roller, which is swept by the shell of the roller successively in a complete rotation of the drive shaft. As previously explained, as the drive shaft rotates, the effective gap between the roller and the associated rocker changes. In order to additionally change the effective exit slit and the entrance slit, the rocker is mounted above the axis of the drive shaft about a rocker axis, which is parallel to the drive axis. The rocker is connected to a suitable adjustment mechanism in order to realize different gap dimensions. In addition, the adjusting mechanism can also be equipped with a safety device for limiting the forces acting. The risk of overloading, for example, if instead of the actual crushed material, such as rock, impurities such as metal parts or the like reach the crushing chamber.

Generic eccentric roll crushers, ie roll crushers with eccentrically rotating crushing roller, are also made DE 1 140 799 . DE 2 733 379 A1 . DE 1 889 686 . DE 1 257 004 . CN 2274097Y and DE 1 875 346 known.

The WO 2007/019146 A2 shows an embodiment of a single-roller crusher with a roller and only one rocker, wherein opposite to the above the roller mounted on the rocker arm swingarm a sieve is provided for deflection of the crushed material, whereby fine particles, which already have a desired grain size, are screened directly and not more as an additional material must be passed through the crushing gap.

The present invention has for its object to improve the known eccentric roller crusher. In particular, the already relatively compact construction should be improved in order to expand the field of application of the eccentric roller crusher.

The object is achieved in that an entrance slit for the crushed material, in contrast to the known from the prior art embodiments is not formed by the rocker itself, but by a separate from the rocker, separate guide element which is attached to the crusher housing, wherein the roller, the rocker and the guide element comprise crushing jaws. The separate guide element may in particular have the form of a hood, which is occupied in the direction of the crushing gap with crushing jaws. According to the invention, this results in a division of the crushing space into an upper area with the inlet gap and a lower area with the outlet gap, wherein the upper area between the roller and the separate guide element and the lower portion of the crushing space between the roller and the rocker is formed.

If, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide element is rigidly fastened to the breaker housing, it is deliberately dispensed with an adjustability of the entry gap directly during operation. However, a change of the entrance slit in size and shape can be done by an exchange or a modification of the guide element. Thus, the guide element usually also on crushing jaws, wherein the size and the contour of the entrance slit can be changed by an exchange of crushing jaws according to the particular requirements. Depending on the configuration of the usually hood-shaped guide element, a change of the crushing jaws or at least a portion of the crushing jaws can be carried out after disassembly of the guide element or in the installed state of the guide element.

The described division of the crushing space in an eccentric roller crusher results in the advantage that the movable rocker and in particular the rocker axis can be set lower with the necessary storage. In the known embodiments of the eccentric roller crusher, also referred to as a Rotex crusher, the rocker is mounted on the pivot axis far above the axis of the drive shaft. Due to the inventive division of the crushing space with an attached guide element just the swingarm axis can be placed deeper and thus more laterally to the roller. Thus, the present invention allows an embodiment in which a connecting line between a rotation axis of the drive shaft and the swing arm axis with a horizontal plane, which usually corresponds to the footprint of the eccentric roll crusher, an angle of less than 45 °, more preferably less than 30 °, includes.

In the context of the present invention, the eccentric roller crusher can have two rockers on both sides of the roller or only one rocker arm. In an embodiment with two rockers both rockers can be combined with the guide element described above, which then forms the entrance slit for each of the two crushing spaces. In an embodiment with two wings, the two crushing chambers can be made the same. According to one embodiment of the invention, a screening of the material to be crushed can be provided in order to be able to remove the sieved material directly without further comminution or to be able to supply the sieved material to a smaller crushing gap. In the second variant, it is then possible to dispense with a separate guide element for this additional gap, which is intended to break only smaller material. In an embodiment with two rockers, the screen is preceded by one of the two crushing spaces, the corresponding crushing space then usually having a smaller gap than the crushing space in which the coarse particles retained by the screen are broken. In an embodiment with only one rocker, the mesh is suitably chosen so that the screened material can be removed directly.

In the context of the invention further measures may be provided to allow a particularly simple handling of the eccentric roller crusher even in limited space. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the breaker housing can be separated in the region of the roll. Preferably, the crusher housing is separable such that two laterally juxtaposed crusher housing halves arise, which for maintenance purposes particularly preferably can also be moved apart. When separating into two juxtaposed crusher housing halves, the parting plane usually extends substantially vertically. In the context of the described embodiment initially results in the advantage that the entire eccentric roller crusher can be broken down into modules that can be easily transported. Furthermore, there is also the possibility that the roll is accessible from the side by pulling apart the separate crusher housing halves. In particular, if the installation space is limited above the eccentric roller crusher, so the roller can also be inserted laterally mounted, replaced and maintained.

Since the entrance slit is formed by a separate guide element, which is attached to the top of the crusher housing, the entire crusher housing in the invention may have a small height. As already described in the general explanation of the eccentric roller crusher, a shell of the roller defines a contact circle during operation due to the eccentric movement. The present invention allows an embodiment of the eccentric roller crusher, in which the crusher housing in the vertical direction does not or only slightly beyond the contact circle. In particular, it may be provided that the crusher housing extends beyond the contact circle in the vertical direction by less than one third of the diameter of the roller. The rocker axis can be approximately at the height of the upper edge of the contact circle.

Usually, the roller and the rocker are equipped with exchangeable crushing jaws. The same applies to the inventively provided guide element, which forms the entrance slit for the crushed material. The crushing jaws, in particular those of the roller, may have longitudinal grooves in order to generate local force peaks during the crushing process.

At the eccentric roller crusher further facilities may be provided. In particular, a hopper can be arranged on the crusher housing, with which the material is fed to the crushing gap or the crushing gaps.

The eccentric roller crusher according to the invention is characterized by a very compact construction, which is why the eccentric roller crusher is particularly suitable for use in an underground mine. In underground mines there is the problem that for a crusher a correspondingly large cavity must be provided. Crushers are used, for example, when a useful material is obtained by means of detonation, broken and subsequently removed. Crushing is required because the blasting itself produces a broad grain size distribution, and large chunks can not be removed by conveyor belts or the like. The eccentric roll crusher can also be used particularly preferably in the case of block caving. When the block is broken, a cavity is formed below or in a lower region of a deposit, in which case the useful material present in the deposit collapses due to its own weight and internal stress in the material. For the discharge of the useful material, discharge hoppers are produced beforehand, through which the useful material is passed. Also in this mining process can result in a broad particle size distribution, which is why large chunks must be crushed before being transported by conveyor belts on.

In underground mines, it is known to use cone crushers, which require a relatively small footprint due to their vertical orientation of the crushing cone. In contrast, however, a sufficiently high cavity must be generated underground. The height is determined by the vertically oriented cone and the hopper arranged above. In addition, there is also the problem that the crushing cone is usually used from above into the crushing space, which is why a further space for installation and maintenance purposes is necessary. The eccentric roller crusher according to the invention, however, is well usable even at relatively low room heights.

Finally, the eccentric roller crusher described can also be transported relatively easily underground, to which this can either be disassembled or pulled on runners or the like.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Zeichnung des Exzenter-Walzenbrechers,

Fig. 2a bis 2d

wesentliche Elemente des Exzenter-Walzenbrechers gemäß der Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

der Exzenter-Walzenbrecher mit einem auf das Brechergehäuse aufgesetzten Fülltrichter in einem Untertagebergwerk.

The invention will be explained in the following with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic drawing of the eccentric roll crusher,

Fig. 2a to 2d

essential elements of the eccentric roll crusher according to the Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

the eccentric roll crusher with a hopper mounted on the crusher housing in an underground mine.

The Fig. 1 shows in a schematic longitudinal section of an eccentric roller crusher according to the invention with a crusher housing 1, a drive shaft 2, an eccentrically and freely rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 2 roller 3 and with a rocker 4, the order for setting an exit gap A between the roller 3 and rocker 4 a parallel to the axis of rotation D of the drive shaft 2 extending swing axis S is pivotable. According to the invention, a guide element 5 in the form of a separate hood separated from the rocker is arranged above the rocker 4, wherein the guide element 5 forms an entrance slit E for the crushed material.

The hood as a guide element 5 is rigidly secured to the crusher housing 1, but can be removed for assembly and maintenance purposes, including 5 openings 6a, 6b are provided for a screw on the edge of crusher housing 1 and guide (see. Fig. 2b and 2d ).

The eccentric roll crusher is intended in particular for the comminution of hard, coarse material. The Fig. 3 shows an example of the use of the eccentric roller crusher in an underground mine, wherein a useful material obtained by means of blasting, fed to the eccentric roller crusher, crushed by the eccentric roller crusher and a in the Fig. 3 indicated conveyor belt 7 is removed. From the Fig. 3 It can be seen that the eccentric roller crusher has a comparatively low overall height. Only for a crusher inlet in the form of a hopper 8 an increased room height must be provided. However, the crusher housing 1 can be made so low that the entire roll crusher can still be transported well after dismantling the hopper even underground.

In the Fig. 3 is also indicated that the space to be created underground 9 is adapted exactly to the compact dimensions of the eccentric roll crusher, wherein the conveyor belt 7 extends in a shaft below the bottom of the crusher housing 1.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the crushed material is guided over a wire 10, which is arranged opposite the rocker 4 above the roller 3 and is provided for screening small particles. Small particles, for example up to one Grain size of about 160 mm pass undrilled by a arranged below the screen 10 and next to the roller 3 Absiebraum to the conveyor belt 7. The coarse material with a grain size of more 160 mm, however, is in a crushing space between the roller 3 on the one hand and the rocker. 4 on the other hand crushed with the guide element 5 arranged above. In the Fig. 3 is shown that a screening can also take place at a distance in front of the roller 3.

The roller 3, the rocker 4 and the guide member 5 are provided with crushing jaws 11a, 11b, 11c (see Fig. 2a . 2c . 2d ) and form based on the material to be crushed a form constraint. Due to the eccentric movement of the roller 3, an outer contact circle B is defined, with the roller 3 reciprocating with respect to the rocker 4 and the guide member 5 and thus the coarse material alternately breaks and releases, so that this further slip along the gap or Finally, it is possible to leave the crushing space at the outlet gap A.

The Fig. 2a shows a cross section through the drive shaft 2 with the roller 3 arranged thereon. While on one side of the roller 3, a drive pulley 12 is arranged, on the opposite side of a flywheel 13 is mounted to allow a smooth running. It can also be seen that the drive shaft 2 has first bearings 14a for mounting in the crusher housing 1 and second bearings 14b for the eccentric mounting of the roller 3. Finally, it can also be seen that around the circumference of the roller 3 crushing jaws 11a are arranged as ring segments, wherein the crushing jaws 11a of the roller 3 are interchangeable by a screw and have a profiling.

The Fig. 2b shows the crusher housing 1, in which the roller 3 is received and the rocker 4 is mounted on the rocker axis S. Evident is a division of the crusher housing 1 with a vertical parting line T. The connection can be made, for example, by connecting plates 15, which are arranged on the inside and outside of the crusher housing 1. The crusher housing 1 can then be separated into two crusher housing halves 1 a, 1 b, wherein after a pulling apart of the crusher housing halves 1 a, 1 b, the roller 3 is accessible and can be taken out laterally from the crusher housing 1, resulting in a large space above the Crushing housing 1 can be dispensed to lift out the roller 3.

The Fig. 2c shows a detailed view of the rocker 4, wherein on the rocker changeable crushing jaws 11 b are attached. The bearing of the rocker 4 on the swing arm axis S can be done for example by means of a sliding bearing 16.

The Fig. 2d Finally, the guide element 5 in the form of a hood, which is also equipped with exchangeable crushing jaws 11c. At the front of the guide member 5 eyelets 17 are arranged, with which the hood in case of need, after loosening the screw with the crusher housing 1, can be lifted.

According to the Fig. 1 can be arranged lower by comparison with designs according to the prior art by the use of a rocker 4 with an overlying guide member 5, the rocker 4, resulting in a particularly compact design. So is in the Fig. 1 to recognize that a connecting line V between the rotation axis D of the drive shaft 2 and the swing arm axis S with a horizontal plane forms an angle α of less than 30 °. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the angle α is about 25 °. The rocker 4 is therefore stored next to the roller 3 and not above the roller 3.

Finally, in the Fig. 1 even more elements of the eccentric roller crusher shown. In order to move the rocker 4 about the swing arm axis S and thus to adjust the gap width of the exit slit A, an adjustment mechanism 18 is provided. Finally, a drive motor 20 as well as electrical supply devices 21 are arranged on a base frame 19 carrying the breaker housing 1.

Claims (10)

1. Eccentric roller crusher having a crusher housing (1), a drive shaft (2), a roller (3) which is eccentrically and rotatably mounted on the drive shaft (2), and a rocker (4) which for setting an exit gap (A) between the roller (3) and the rocker (4) is pivotable about a rocker axis (S), characterized in that an entry gap (E) for the goods to be crushed is formed by a discrete guide element (5) which is separate from the rocker (4) and which is fastened on the crusher housing (1) and wherein the roller (3), the rocker (4) and the guide element (5) have crushing jaws (11a, 11b, 11c).
2. Eccentric roller crusher according to Claim 1, characterized in that the guide element (5) is rigidly fastened on the crusher housing (1).
3. Eccentric roller crusher according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a connecting line (V) between a rotation axis (D) of the drive shaft (2) and the rocker axis (S) encloses an angle (α) of less than 45° in relation to a horizontal plane.
4. Eccentric roller crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on a side which is opposite the rocker (4), above the roller (3), a sieve (10) for sieving small particles is provided.
5. Eccentric roller crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the crusher housing (1) in the region of the roller (3) is separable into two crusher-housing halves (1a, 1b) along a substantially vertical separation plane (T).
6. Eccentric roller crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that by way of the eccentric movement during operation a sleeve of the roller (3) defines a contact circle (B), wherein the crusher housing (1) in the vertical direction extends beyond the contact circle (B) by less than one third of the diameter of the roller (3).
7. Eccentric roller crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a filling funnel (8) is disposed on the crusher housing.
8. Use of an eccentric roller crusher according to one of Claims 1 to 7 in an underground mine.
9. Use according to Claim 8, having the stipulation that a useful material is claimed by blasting, supplied to the eccentric roller crusher, comminuted by the eccentric roller crusher, and conveyed away.
10. Use according to Claim 8, having the stipulation that a useful material is claimed by block caving, supplied to the eccentric roller crusher, comminuted by the eccentric roller crusher, and conveyed away.

Images