AU2013339604B2

AU2013339604B2 - Eccentric roller crusher

Info

Publication number: AU2013339604B2
Application number: AU2013339604A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Detlef Papajewski; Peter Schatz; Piotr SZCZELINA
Original assignee: FLSmidth AS
Current assignee: FLSmidth AS
Priority date: 2012-10-29
Filing date: 2013-10-25
Publication date: 2017-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-25
Also published as: EP2911793A1; CL2015001072A1; CN104768647A; PE20151113A1; EP2911793B1; BR112015009402A2; DK2911793T3; BR112015009402B1; WO2014067858A1; AU2013339604A1; DE102012110331A1; CN104768647B

Abstract

The invention relates to an eccentric roller crusher comprising a crusher housing (1), a drive shaft (2), a roller (3) which is eccentrically and rotatably mounted on the input shaft, and a rocker (4) which can be pivoted about an axis of oscillation (S) for adjusting an outlet gap (A) between the roller (3) and the rocker (4). According to the invention, an inlet gap (E) for the crushed goods is formed by a separate guide element (5) which is separated by the rocker (4), which is secured to the crusher housing (1).

Description

-1 - 2013339604 25 Aug 2017

ECCENTRIC ROLLER CRUSHER

DESCRIPTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an eccentric roller crusher having a crusher housing, a drive shaft, a roller which is eccentrically and rotatably mounted on the drive shaft, and a rocker which for setting an exit gap between the roller and the rocker is pivotable about a rocker axis.

[0002] Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.

[0003] An eccentric roller crusher having the features described at the outset has already been known for some time from the trade and patent literature as a “Rotex crusher”. The construction and the functioning of the generic eccentric roller crusher are thus described in the periodical “Aufbereitungs-Technik, Zeitschrift fiir die Aufbereitung fester Rohstoffe” (“Preparation technology - Periodical for the preparation of solid raw materials”), Volume 5 (1964), Issue 5, pages 242 to 247, and in “Aufbereitungs-Technik, Zeitschrift fur die Aufbereitung fester Rohstoffe”, Volume 5 (1966), Issue 3, pages 166 to 174. The eccentric roller crusher (Rotex crusher) comprises a freely rotatable crushing roller which is mounted in roller bearings on an eccentric shaft, and at least one rocker which is provided with crushing jaws. The functioning of the eccentric roller crusher is fundamentally different from that of a conventional roller crusher. While in the case of a conventional roller crusher the goods to be crushed are pulled into the crushing gap by teeth and are comminuted by the rotation movement, on account of the eccentric arrangement of the roller on the drive shaft in the case of the eccentric roller crusher a to-and-fro movement, that is to say an eccentrically oscillating movement, is generated and periodically constricts and widens the gap between the roller and the at least one rocker. The goods to be crushed, for example rocks, in the case of the known Rotex crushers are supplied by way of a funnel and comminuted between the roller and the at least one rocker when the gap is constricted on account of the to-and-fro movement. In the event of a subsequent widening of the gap, further goods to be crushed may follow in a sliding manner.

[0004] On account of the free or largely free rotatable mounting of the roller on the drive shaft, no friction losses arise. The roller is not restricted in its movement and, on account of the forces acting thereon during operation, performs a slow rotation movement which is 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 -2- counter to the rotation direction of the drive shaft. Although crushing is performed by a stroke movement, similar to that in a jaw crusher, by way of the rotation of the roller counter to the rotation direction of the drive shaft it may also be achieved that the loads are distributed across the entire sleeve of the roller. The known eccentric roller crusher is distinguished by low losses, modest wear and relatively compact dimensions.

[0005] The crushing gap is formed between the roller and the at least one rocker. Considering the eccentric to-and-fro movement of the roller, an outer contact circle of the roller which is successively swept by the sleeve of the roller during a complete rotation of the drive shaft results. As explained earlier, the effective gap between the roller and the assigned rocker is altered during the rotation of the drive shaft. In order to be able to additionally alter the effective exit gap as well as the entry gap, the rocker, above the axle of the drive shaft, is mounted about a rocker axis which runs parallel with the drive axle. The rocker is connected to a suitable adjustment mechanism in order to be able to implement various gap dimensions. Moreover, the adjustment mechanism may also be equipped with a safety installation for limiting the effective forces. The risk of overloading exists, for example, when instead of the actual goods to be crushed, such as rocks, for example, contaminants such as metal parts or the like make their way into the crushing space.

[0006] Generic eccentric roller crushers, that is to say roller crushers having an eccentrically rotating crushing roller, are also known from DE 1 140 799, DE 2 733 379 A1, DE 1 889 686, DE 1 257 004 and DE 1 875 346.

[0007] WO 2007/019146 A2 shows a design embodiment of a single-roller crusher having one roller and merely one rocker, wherein opposite the rocker which is mounted above the roller on the rocker axis a sieve for sieving the goods to be crushed is provided, on account of which fines particles which are already of the desired grain size are directly sieved and no longer have to be guided as additional material through the crushing gap.

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.

[0009] Advantageosuly, the present invention improves the already rather compact construction design in order to preferably also widen the application range of the eccentric roller crusher. -3- 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 [0010] According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an eccentric roller crusher having a crusher housing, a drive shaft, a roller which is eccentrically and rotatably mounted on the drive shaft, and a rocker for setting an exit gap between the roller and the rocker, wherein the rocker is pivotable about a rocker axis, wherein an entry gap for the goods to be crushed is formed by a discrete guide element which is separate from the rocker and which is fastened on the crusher housing and wherein the roller, the rocker and the guide element have crushing jaws.

[0011] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided use of an eccentric roller crusher according to the first aspect in an underground mine [0012] According to the invention, in contrast to the design embodiments known from the prior art, an entry gap for the goods to be crushed is not formed by the rocker per se but by a discrete guide element which is separate from the rocker and which is fastened on the crusher housing. The discrete guide element in particular may have the shape of a hood which in the direction of the crushing gap is populated with crushing jaws. According to the invention, there is thus a sub-division of the crushing space into an upper region having the entry gap and a lower region having the exit gap, wherein the upper region is formed between the roller and the discrete guide element, and the lower region of the crushing space is formed between the roller and the rocker.

[0013] If and when, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide element is rigidly fastened on the crusher housing, adjustability of the entry gap is consciously dispensed with immediately during operation. However, alteration of the entry gap in terms of size and shape may be performed by replacing or modifying the guide element. The guide element thus usually also has crushing jaws, wherein the size and the contour of the entry gap may be altered by replacing the crushing jaws in accordance with the respective requirements. Depending on the design embodiment of the usually hoodshaped guide element, replacement of the crushing jaws or of at least part of the crushing jaws may be performed after the guide element has been dismantled or else in the fitted state of the guide element.

[0014] The described sub-division of the crushing space in the case of an eccentric roller crusher gives rise to the advantage that the movable rocker and in particular the rocker axis, together with the necessary mounting, can be arranged so as to be lower. In the case of the known design embodiments of the eccentric roller crusher, which is also known as a Rotex crusher, the rocker is mounted on the pivot axle, so as to be far above the axle of the drive -4- 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 shaft. On account of the sub-division of the crushing space according to the invention, with a guide element attached thereon, it is precisely the rocker axis that can be arranged so as to be lower and thus more lateral in relation to the roller. In this way, the present invention enables a design embodiment in which a connecting line between a rotation axis of the drive shaft and the rocker axis encloses an angle of less than 45°, particularly preferably less than 30°, in relation to a horizontal plane, which usually corresponds to the erection plane of the eccentric roller crusher.

[0015] Within the scope of the present invention, the eccentric roller crusher may have two rockers on both sides of the roller, or merely one rocker. In the case of a design embodiment having two rockers, both rockers may be combined with the afore-described guide element, which in this case forms the entry gap for each of the two crushing spaces. In the case of a design embodiment having two rockers, the two crushing spaces may be implemented so as to be identical. According to a refinement of the invention, sieving of the goods to be crushed may also be provided in order to be able to directly convey away the sieved material without further comminution, or to be able to supply the sieved material to a smaller crushing gap. In the case of the second variant, a discrete guide element for this additional gap which is to crush only comparatively small material may be dispensed with. In the case of a design embodiment having two rockers, the sieve is disposed so as to be upstream of one of the two crushing spaces, wherein the corresponding crushing space in this case usually has a smaller gap dimension than the crushing space in which the coarse particles which have been retained by the sieve are crushed. In the case of a design embodiment having merely one rocker, the sieve mesh size expediently is selected such that the sieved material can be directly conveyed away.

[0016] Further measures to enable particularly simple handling of the eccentric roller crusher even in limited space conditions may be provided within the scope of the invention.

In this way, it is provided according to a preferred refinement of the invention that the crusher housing in the region of the roller is separable. Preferably, the crusher housing is separable in such a manner as to give rise to two crusher-housing halves which are laterally disposed so as to be beside one another and which, particularly preferably, may also be moved apart for maintenance purposes. In the event of separation into two crusher-housing halves which are disposed so as to be beside one another, the separation plane usually runs in a substantially vertical manner. Within the scope of the described design embodiment, the advantage that the entire eccentric roller crusher may be disassembled into modules which can be easily shipped initially results. There is furthermore the possibility for also the roller to be accessible from the side by pulling apart the separated crusher-housing halves. In -5- 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 particular if and when the installation space above the eccentric roller crusher is limited, the roller may thus also be laterally inserted, fitted, replaced or maintained.

[0017] Since the entry gap is formed by a discrete guide element which is fastened on the upper side of the crusher housing, the entire crusher housing within the scope of the invention may have a modest height. As has already been described in the general explanation of the eccentric roller crusher, by way of the eccentric movement during operation a sleeve of the roller defines a contact circle. The present invention here permits a design embodiment of the eccentric roller crusher in which the crusher housing in the vertical direction does not extend or only slightly extends beyond the contact circle. In particular, it may be provided that the crusher housing in the vertical direction extends beyond the contact circle by less than one third of the diameter of the roller. Here, the rocker axis may lie approximately so as to be level with the upper periphery of the contact circle.

[0018] The roller and the rocker are usually equipped with replaceable crushing jaws. The same also applies to the guide element which is provided according to the invention and which forms the entry gap for the goods to be crushed. The crushing jaws, in particular those of the roller, may have longitudinal grooves in order to generate localized force peaks during the crushing process.

[0019] Further installations may be provided on the eccentric roller crusher. In particular, a filling funnel by way of which the material is supplied to the crushing gap or to the crushing gaps, respectively, may also be disposed on the crusher housing.

[0020] The eccentric roller crusher according to the invention is distinguished by a very compact construction design, which is why the eccentric roller crusher is particularly suited to use in an underground mine. There is the problem in underground mines that a correspondingly large cavity has to be provided for a crusher.

[0021] Crushers are used when a useful material is claimed by blasting, crushed, and subsequently conveyed away, for example. Comminution is required because a wide grain-size distribution is produced during blasting per se, wherein large lumps cannot be conveyed away by conveyor belts or the like. The eccentric roller crusher may particularly preferably also be used in block caving. In block caving, a cavity is formed below or in a lower region of a deposit, wherein the useful material which is present thereabove in the deposit then collapses on account of its own weight and on account of inherent tension in the material. First, discharge funnels for conveying away the useful material and by way of which the 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 - 6- useful material is directed are produced. A wide grain-size distribution may also result in the case of this mining method, which is why large lumps have to be further comminuted prior to being transported away by means of conveyor belts.

[0022] In underground mining, it is known to use cone crushers which, on account of the vertical orientation of their crushing cone, require a relatively small footprint. However, a sufficiently high cavity has to be produced underground. The height here is determined by the vertically oriented cone and the filling funnel which is disposed thereabove. There is additionally the problem that the crushing cone is usually inserted from above into the crushing space, which is why further free space is necessary for assembly and maintenance purposes. In contrast, the eccentric roller crusher according to the invention is readily employable also in the case of comparatively low ceiling heights.

[0023] Finally, the described eccentric roller crusher is also relatively easy to transport underground, to which end it may either be dismantled or pulled on skids or the like.

[0024] The invention is explained in the following with reference to a drawing which merely illustrates an exemplary embodiment, and in which: [0025] Fig. 1 shows a schematic drawing of the eccentric roller crusher; [0026] Figs. 2a to 2d show substantial elements of the eccentric roller crusher according to fig. 1; [0027] Fig. 3 shows the eccentric roller crusher having a filling funnel which is attached onto the crusher housing, in an underground mine.

[0028] Fig. 1, in a schematic longitudinal section, shows an eccentric roller crusher according to the invention, having a crusher housing 1, a drive shaft 2, a roller 3 which is eccentrically and freely rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 2, and having a rocker 4 which for setting an exit gap A between the roller 3 and the rocker 4 is pivotable about a rocker axis S which runs parallel with the rotation axis D of the drive shaft 2. According to the invention, a guide element 5 in the form of a discrete hood which is separate from the rocker is disposed above the rocker 4, wherein the guide element 5 forms an entry gap E for the goods to be crushed. - 7- 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 [0029] The hood, as the guide element 5, is rigidly fastened on the crusher housing 1, but may be removed for assembly and maintenance purposes, to which end openings 6a, 6b for a screw connection are provided on the periphery of the crusher housing 1 and the guide element 5 (cf. figs. 2b and 2d).

[0030] The eccentric roller crusher is provided in particular for comminuting hard, coarse material. Fig. 3, in an exemplary manner, shows the use of the eccentric roller crusher in an underground mine, wherein a useful material is claimed by means of blasting, supplied to the eccentric roller crusher, comminuted by the eccentric roller crusher, and transported away via a conveyor belt 7 which is indicated in fig. 3. It can be seen from fig. 3 that the eccentric roller crusher overall has a comparatively low construction height. An increased ceiling height has to be provided only for a crusher inlet in the form of a filling funnel 8. However, the crusher housing 1 may be implemented so as to be so low that the entire roller crusher may still be readily transported even underground once the filling funnel has been dismantled.

[0031] It is also indicated in fig. 3 that the free space 9 which is to be produced underground is exactly adapted to the compact dimensions of the eccentric roller crusher, wherein the conveyor belt 7 runs in a duct below the base of the crusher housing 1.

[0032] In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 1, the goods to be crushed are directed over a sieve 10 which is disposed opposite the rocker 4, above the roller 3, and which is provided for sieving small particles. Small particles, for example up to a grain size of approx. 160 mm, make their way to the conveyor belt 7 in a non-comminuted manner through a sieving space which is disposed below the sieve 10 and beside the roller 3. In contrast, the coarse material having a grain size of more than 160 mm is comminuted in a crushing space between the roller 3, on the one hand, and the rocker 4 having the guide element 5 disposed thereabove, on the other hand. It is illustrated in fig. 3 that sieving may also be performed at a distance in front of the roller 3.

[0033] The roller 3, the rocker 4 and the guide element 5 are provided with crushing jaws 11a, 11b, 11c (see figs. 2a, 2c, 2d) and in relation to the goods to be comminuted form a mold constraint. On account of the eccentric movement of the roller 3, an outer contact circle B is defined, wherein the roller 3 moves to-and-fro in relation to the rocker 4 and the guide element 5 and thus alternating^ crushes and releases the coarse material, such that the latter can slide onwards along the gap or ultimately leave the crushing space at the exit gap A, respectively. -8- 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 [0034] Fig. 2a shows a cross section through the drive shaft 2 having the roller 3 disposed thereon. While a drive pulley 12 is disposed on one side of the roller 3, a flywheel 13 is attached on the opposite side, in order to enable uniform running. It can also be seen that the drive shaft 2 has first mountings 14a for mounting in the crusher housing 1, and second mountings 14b for eccentrically receiving the roller 3. Finally, it can also be seen that crushing jaws 11 a are disposed as annular segments around the circumference of the roller 3, wherein the crushing jaws 11a of the roller 3 are replaceable by way of a screw connection and have a profiled feature.

[0035] Fig. 2b shows the crusher housing 1 in which the roller 3 is received and the rocker 4 is mounted on the rocker axis S. A bisection of the crusher housing 1 with a vertical separation plane T can be seen. Connecting may be performed by connecting plates 15, for example, which are disposed so as to be inboard and outboard on the crusher housing 1.

The crusher housing 1 may then be separated into two crusher-housing halves 1a, 1b, wherein the roller 3 is accessible and may also be laterally removed from the crusher housing 1 after the crusher-housing halves 1a, 1b have been pulled apart, on account of which a large free space above the crusher housing 1 for lifting out the roller 3 may be dispensed with.

[0036] Fig. 2c shows a detailed view of the rocker 4, wherein replaceable crushing jaws 11b are fastened on the rocker. Mounting of the rocker 4 on the rocker axis S may be performed by means of a friction bearing 16, for example.

[0037] Finally, fig. 2d shows the guide element 5 in the form of a hood which likewise is equipped with replaceable crushing jaws 11 c. Eyelets 17, by way of which the hood, if and when required, can be lifted off after the screw connection with the crusher housing 1 has been released, are disposed on the front side of the guide element 5.

[0038] By way of the employment of a rocker 4 having a guide element 5 disposed thereabove, in comparison with design embodiments of the prior art, the rocker 4 can be disposed so as to be lower, according to fig. 1, on account of which a particularly compact construction design results. It can thus be seen in fig. 1 that a connection line V between the rotation axis D of the drive shaft 2 and the rocker axis S encloses an angle a of less than 30° in relation to a horizontal plane. In the exemplary embodiment of fig. 1, the angle a is about 25°. The rocker 4 is thus mounted so as to be beside the roller 3 rather than above the roller 3. 2013339604 25 Aug 2017 -9- [0039] Finally, even further elements of the eccentric roller crusher are illustrated in fig. 1. In order to be able to move the rocker 4 about the rocker axis S and to thus be able to set the gap width of the exit gap A, an adjustment mechanism 18 is provided. Finally, also a drive motor 20 and electrical supply installations 21 are disposed on a base frame 19 which supports the crusher housing 1.

Claims

1. An eccentric roller crusher having a crusher housing, a drive shaft, a roller which is eccentrically and rotatably mounted on the drive shaft, and a rocker for setting an exit gap between the roller and the rocker, wherein the rocker is pivotable about a rocker axis, wherein an entry gap for the goods to be crushed is formed by a discrete guide element which is separate from the rocker and which is fastened on the crusher housing and wherein the roller, the rocker and the guide element have crushing jaws.

2. The eccentric roller crusher according to claim 1, wherein the guide element is rigidly fastened on the crusher housing.

3. The eccentric roller crusher according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a connecting line between a rotation axis of the drive shaft and the rocker axis encloses an angle of less than 45° in relation to a horizontal plane.

4. The eccentric roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein on a side which is opposite the rocker, above the roller, a sieve for sieving small particles is provided.

5. The eccentric roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the crusher housing in the region of the roller is separable into two crusher-housing halves along a substantially vertical separation plane.

6. The eccentric roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein by way of the eccentric movement during operation a sleeve of the roller defines a contact circle, wherein the crusher housing in the vertical direction extends beyond the contact circle by less than one third of the diameter of the roller.

7. The eccentric roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a filling funnel is disposed on the crusher housing.

8. The use of an eccentric roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in an underground mine.

9. The use according to claim 8, having the stipulation that a useful material is claimed by blasting, supplied to the eccentric roller crusher, comminuted by the eccentric roller crusher, and conveyed away.

10. The use according to claim 8, having the stipulation that a useful material is claimed by block caving, supplied to the eccentric roller crusher, comminuted by the eccentric roller crusher, and conveyed away.