Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
  • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
  • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
  • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
  • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
  • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0325—Aerogel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0329—Foam
  • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0354—Wood
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
  • F17C2203/0379—Inert
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
  • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
  • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
  • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
  • F17C2203/0636—Metals
  • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
  • F17C2203/0651—Invar
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
  • F17C2203/0682—Special properties of materials for vessel walls with liquid or gas layer
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
  • F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
  • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
  • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
  • F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
  • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/011—Barges
  • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
  • F17C2270/0136—Terminals

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of manufacturing sealed and thermally insulating vessels.
• the present invention relates to tanks for the storage or transport of cold or hot liquids, for example tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquefied gas by sea.
• LNG liquefied natural gas
• a tank for storing hot or cold products in a ship is described in particular in document FR2877638.
• the vessel has a vessel wall which has, from the interior to the outside of the vessel, a primary watertight barrier, a primary insulating barrier, a secondary watertight barrier and a secondary insulating barrier.
• Insulating barriers consist of heat-insulating elements.
• the heat insulating elements include a thermal insulation lining between a bottom panel and a cover panel. Pillars pass through the insulation liner between the cover panel and the bottom panel to form a heat insulating member having good compressive strength.
• a tank wall comprises from the outside of the tank towards the inside of the tank:
• the thermal insulation barrier consisting of a plurality of secondary heat insulating elements juxtaposed so as to form a secondary support surface
• a primary thermal insulation barrier retained on the secondary thermal insulation barrier the primary thermal insulation barrier consisting of a plurality of primary heat insulating elements juxtaposed to form a primary support surface
• each primary heat-insulating element and each secondary heat-insulating element comprising: a heat-insulating lining
• One of the carrier elements or a subset of the carrier elements, in particular the non-edge bearing elements, or each carrier element of the plurality of carrier elements of the primary heat-insulating element is spaced relative to the elements Underlying carriers of the secondary heat insulating element in a projection view in a plane parallel to the vessel wall. At least one carrier element of the plurality of carrier elements of the primary heat insulating element is not superimposed on the underlying load-bearing elements of the secondary heat-insulating element in a projection view in a plane parallel to the vessel wall.
• such a tank may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
• each carrier element of the plurality of carrier elements of the primary heat insulating element is positioned outside of the characteristic perimeters surrounding the underlying load-bearing elements of the secondary thermal insulation element.
• the support elements are pillars of small section in the plane parallel to the vessel wall with respect to the dimensions of the heat insulating element.
• the heat-insulating elements have a parallelepipedal shape and the characteristic perimeter surrounding a supporting element is of rectangular shape, the perimeter comprising a first side parallel to a length direction of the heat-insulating element, and a second side parallel to a width direction of the heat insulating element,
• the dimension of the second side of the perimeter being greater than or equal to twice a second characteristic dimension of the section of the pillar in the width direction of the heat insulating element.
• the pillars have a rectangular section, and the perimeter has a rectangular shape centered on the rectangular section, the long sides of the perimeter being parallel to the long sides of the rectangular section, the dimensions of the perimeter being equal to double the dimensions of the rectangular section.
• the perimeters have a circular shape and are each centered on a pillar, the radius of the perimeter being equal to a diameter characteristic of the section of the pillar.
• the pillars of a heat-insulating element are arranged in rows of pillars parallel to one side of the heat-insulating element, a row of pillars of the primary thermal insulation barrier being each time positioned in said view. projection halfway between two rows of pillars of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
• a carrier element of the primary thermal insulation barrier is each time arranged in said projection view at a position located midway between two adjacent supporting elements of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
• the primary heat insulating element comprises a bottom panel extending parallel to the vessel wall and carrying the supporting elements of the primary heat insulating element.
• the secondary heat insulating element comprises a bottom panel extending parallel to the vessel wall and carrying the load-bearing elements of the secondary heat-insulating element.
• the secondary heat-insulating element comprises a cover panel extending parallel to the vessel wall and carried by the supporting elements of the secondary heat-insulating element, the cover panel having an outer surface forming the surface of the secondary support.
• the cover panel of the secondary heat insulating element comprises:
• the spacer having a plurality of beams spaced from each other and extending parallel to the distribution panel, an upper panel parallel to the distribution panel, fixed and supported by the plurality of beams.
• the primary heat insulating element comprises a cover panel extending parallel to the vessel wall and carried by the pillars, the cover panel comprising:
• the spacer element supported and fixed on the distribution panel, the spacer element comprising a plurality of spaced apart beams; each other and extending parallel to the distribution panel, an upper panel parallel to the distribution panel, fixed and supported by the plurality of beams, the upper panel having an outer surface forming the primary support surface.
• the beams of the plurality of beams of the primary heat insulating element are perpendicular to the beams of the plurality of beams of the secondary heat insulating element.
• a primary heat-insulating element and a secondary heat-insulating element have a parallelepipedal shape
• the primary heat-insulating element comprises primary anchoring pillars each arranged at a corner of the primary heat-insulating element
• the secondary heat insulating element comprising secondary anchoring pillars each arranged at a corner of the secondary heat insulating element, the primary anchoring pillars and the secondary anchoring pillars being superimposed.
• the vessel wall further comprises a secondary sealing barrier resting on the secondary support surface of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
• the vessel wall further comprises a secondary sealing barrier resting on the secondary support surface of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
• Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
• FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
• FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
• a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
• the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
• the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
• An idea underlying the invention is to provide a vessel wall in which is arranged a primary heat insulating element comprising load-bearing elements on a secondary heat-insulating element also having load-bearing elements, so that the elements carrying the heat-insulating element. primary element are not superimposed on the supporting elements of the secondary thermal insulation element. In this way, a rigid upper panel of the primary box can be deformed to distribute a load on neighboring pillars.
• Certain aspects of the invention start from the idea of deforming panels of the heat-insulating elements in order to elastically absorb a load, in particular to preserve the strength of the load-bearing elements subjected to dynamic loading, for example during the sloshing of the fluid in the tank. .
• FIG. 1 is a fragmentary cutaway perspective view of a sealed and thermally insulating vessel wall in which heat-insulating elements according to embodiments of the invention may be employed.
• Figure 2 is a schematic perspective cutaway representation of a heat insulating element which can be included in the vessel wall of Figure 1 and which comprises pillars.
• Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the heat insulating element of Figure 2 when it is subjected to a low load.
• Figure 4 is a schematic side view of the insulating element of Figure 2 when it is subjected to a heavy load.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the heat insulating elements shown in FIG. 2 when the vessel wall is subjected to a local load.
• Figure 6 is a schematic side view of the heat insulating elements shown in Figure 2 when the vessel wall is subjected to an extended load.
• FIG. 7 is a perspective view of heat insulating elements of FIG. 2 superimposed to form a primary heat-insulating barrier and a secondary thermal-insulating barrier of the vessel wall illustrated in FIG.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the position of the pillars of the primary thermally insulating barrier and of the secondary thermally insulating barrier in a projection in a plane parallel to the cell wall.
• Figures 9 ⁇ to 9c are top views of pillars having geometrically different sections, and which illustrates non-overlapping areas extending around pillars.
• Figure 10 is a schematic cutaway representation of a LNG tank vessel and a loading / unloading terminal of this vessel.
• Figure 1 shows sealed and insulating walls of a vessel integrated in a carrying structure of a ship.
• the bearing structure of the tank is constituted by the inner hull of a double-hulled vessel, whose wall is represented by the number 1.
• a tank wall is arranged each time on a wall 1 of the supporting structure.
• Each tank wall is made by successive superposition of a secondary thermal insulation layer 2, a secondary sealed barrier 3, a primary thermal insulation layer 4 and a primary sealed barrier 5.
• the primary insulation layer 4 and the secondary insulation layer 2 are formed of a plurality of parallelepiped heat insulating boxes 6 and 7 juxtaposed in a regular pattern.
• the secondary heat insulating caissons 6 and the primary heat insulating caissons 7 thus form a substantially flat surface which carries respectively the secondary watertight barrier 3 and the primary watertight barrier 5.
• the secondary insulating boxes 6 and the primary insulating boxes 7 are anchored to the supporting wall 1 by means of anchoring members 8 and 9.
• the anchoring members 8 of the secondary thermal insulation layer 2 are fixed to the supporting wall 1 by means of studs 10 welded perpendicularly to the carrier wall 1.
• anchors 8 and 9 are positioned at the corners of the caissons 6 and 7.
• an anchor 8 or 9 located at a corner box can maintain four boxes 6 or 7 adjacent.
• Other anchoring members 8 and 9 are arranged in a central zone of the boxes 6 and 7.
• the secondary watertight barrier 3 and the primary watertight barrier 5 consist of parallel invar 1 1 strakes. These strakes invar 1 1 are arranged alternately with elongated solder supports 13, also in invar and have edges 12 which are raised towards the inside of the tank.
• each solder support 13 is in the form of a folded invar strip to have an L-shaped section.
• the weld supports 13 are retained in the underlying insulation layer 2 or 4 by being slidably housed. in inverted T-shaped grooves 15 formed in cover panels 14 of boxes 6 and 7.
• a portion of the L-shaped strip protrudes from the T-groove towards the inside of the tank and perpendicularly to the supporting wall 1.
• the raised edges 12 of the invar 1 1 strakes are welded along the protruding portion of the weld supports 13.
• FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate the structure of a box 1 6 which can be implemented in such a tank wall.
• the casing 1 6 comprises a bottom panel 1 7 on which are fixed distribution flanges 18.
• a row of pillars 19 or 23 is supported and is fixed each time on a corresponding distribution flange 18.
• the pillars 20 of each row of pillars 19 or 23 extend according to the thickness of the box 1 6 and thus in a direction perpendicular to the carrier wall 1.
• the pillars 20 have a solid rectangular section.
• Each row of pillars 19 or 23 is parallel with respect to a lateral side 21 of the casing 16.
• the rows of pillars carry a reinforced cover panel 22.
• the pillars 20 allow in particular the transmission of the stresses exerted on the cover panel 22 to the wall 1 and therefore have a compressive strength function.
• the rows of pillars 19 and 23 are successive shifted relative to each other. Indeed, the pillars 20 of the two successive rows 19 and 23 comprise pillars 20 spaced at the same regular spacing, however, the two rows of pillars 19 and 23 are offset in the direction of their length by half a spacing.
• a heat-insulating lining fills the space between the pillars 20 and may for example consist of an insulating foam cast between the pillars 20 or a block of foam machined to fit the pillars 20.
• the reinforced cover panel 22 has an upper panel 24 and a lower panel 25 each having a thickness of 6.5 cm.
• the upper panel 24 and the lower panel 25 are spaced apart by a series of parallel beams 26.
• the beams 26 extend parallel to the lateral side 21 of the box 16.
• a beam 26 is each time positioned along and above a row of pillars 19 or 23.
• the beams 26 have a rectangular section and a thickness of 6.5cm.
• the beams 26 and the panels 24 and 25 are rigidly connected.
• Such a reinforced cover partly allows to distribute a load exerted on the cover on several pillars, thanks to its rigidity.
• Each beam 26 is spaced from the other beams 26 so as to define a space between two beams 26 and between the panels 24 and 25. These spaces form circulation channels for the fluids between the sides of the heat insulating element.
• the juxtaposition of heat insulated casings 1 6 thus makes it possible to form a circuit in the wall of the tank in which it is possible to inject a neutral gas to neutralize the wall of the tank and thus avoid any risk of explosion in the event of leakage. presence of oxygen. Moreover, such a gas circuit makes it possible to detect leakage in the impervious barriers 3 and 5.
• a porous heat-insulating lining may be put in place in the circulation channels.
• Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the behavior of the box when placed on a rigid surface, each of Figures 3 and 4 representing a load of different intensity.
• Figure 3 schematically shows the side 1 6 chamber when subjected to a small point load 27 to the right of a central pillar 28, the base of the pillars 20 being fixed.
• the reinforced cover panel 22 is deformed little. Most of the effort 29 corresponding to the load is taken up by the central pillar 28. A small part of the load 30 exerted in line with the central pillar 28 is taken up by the adjacent adjacent pillars 31 relative to the position where it is located. 27. In fact, the stiffness of the reinforced cover 22 and the central pillar prevents the deformation of the cover 22. Thus, few efforts (indicated by the arrows 30) are taken up by the adjacent pillars 31.
• FIG. 4 illustrates this same box when a greater load 32 is applied to the right of the central pillar 28.
• the central pillar 28 is subjected to high stresses, notably resulting in its bending stress. These high stresses cause a slight collapse of the central pillar 28 and therefore a slight deformation of the reinforced cover panel 22.
• This slight deformation of the reinforced cover panel 22 allows better distribution of the load on the adjacent pillars 31 relative to the load.
• the pillar 28 having a high rigidity its sag remains relatively low.
• the deformation of the panel 22 is of small amplitude and the load is therefore poorly distributed on the adjacent pillars 31.
• excessive stresses exerted on the central pillar 28 can cause the rupture of this pillar 28.
• the pillars 20 are arranged in such a way as to allow them to sag more significantly.
• the pillars of the primary caissons 7 are not superimposed on the pillars of secondary caissons 6.
• FIG. 5 Such an arrangement is shown in particular in FIG. 5, which diagrammatically illustrates, from the side, caissons forming the primary insulating layer 4 and the secondary insulating layer 2 of the tank wall of FIG.
• a box 16 constitutes a primary heat insulating box 7 of the primary thermal barrier 4 and the secondary insulation layer comprises a secondary heat insulating box 6 which has a different structure of the box 16.
• the subwoofer 6 comprises a bottom panel 33, a top panel 34 and a heat insulating pad 35 arranged between the top panel 34 and the bottom panel 33.
• scales of pillars 36 The pillar ladders 36 are each formed of a row of secondary pillars 37 attached at their ends between an upper batten 38 and a lower batten 39 each extending along the row of pillars 37. in the same way as the pillars 20 of the caisson 16, the pillar ladders 36 make it possible to take back part of the compressive forces undergone by the tank wall.
• the primary box 7 is positioned in abutment on the secondary box 6 so that a row of pillars 19 or 23 is each time positioned halfway between two ladders of pillars 36.
• a primary pillar 40 here is positioned each time between two secondary pillars 37.
• FIG. 5 a point load 41 is shown in Figure 5.
• This point load 41 is exerted on a central pillar 28 of the primary box.
• the central pillar is positioned between two ladders of pillars 36 of the secondary box, the bottom panel 17 and the top panel 33 collapse under the stress exerted by the central pillar 28.
• This elastic deformation is illustrated by the lines 42. and 43 respectively illustrating the deformation of the top panel 34 and the bottom panel 1 7.
• the central pillar 28 is positioned on a flexible surface, which allows it to lower. This displacement allows the elastic deformation of the reinforced cover panel 22 which thus generates a force on the neighboring pillars.
• the lines 44 illustrate the deformation of the upper panel 24 and the lower panel 25, each of which has an arrow facing the supporting wall 1 at the central pillar 28. This deformation makes it possible to better distribute the load on the lateral pillars as indicated. by arrows 45.
• FIG. 6 illustrates the same tank wall and makes it possible to demonstrate another advantage of such an arrangement of the primary and secondary pillars.
• Figure 6 illustrates the vessel wall when subjected to a load 46 distributed over several pillars. Such a charge can occur for example in the case of the sloshing of the fluid in the tank. Such a jolt results in a mass of fluid that hits a wall of the tank.
• the bottom panel 17 of the primary box 7 and the top panel of the secondary box 6 deform elastically under the stress exerted by the primary pillars 40 and the support formed by the secondary pillars. 37.
• These deformations are illustrated by the lines 47.
• These panels 17 and 33 thus have portions located between each scale of pillars and having an arrow oriented towards the supporting wall.
• the primary pillars 40 located above these arrows approach the supporting wall.
• the reinforced cover panel 22 elastically deforms similarly to the panels 1 7 and 33 as shown by the lines 48.
• FIG. 8 is a partial plan view from above of the primary pillars 40 and the secondary pillars 140 on a plane parallel to the tank wall. Only nine pillars 40 and 140 adjacent are represented here, which corresponds to a portion of the pillars of the caissons 6 and 7 of FIG. 7.
• a primary pillar 40 is each time present between four adjacent secondary pillars 140. More specifically, a secondary pillar 140 is positioned midway between two primary pillars 40 of the same row of pillars.
• the orientation of the rows of pillars 19 and 23 is different between the two boxes 6 and 7.
• the rows of pillars 19 and 23 of the primary boxes 7 are perpendicular to the rows of pillars 19 and 23 secondary boxes 6.
• This orientation is particularly visible thanks to the distribution sole plates 18 and 18 which are perpendicular.
• the beams 26 and 126 are perpendicular.
• notches are formed in the bottom panel 17 and possibly in the distribution flanges 18 and Pillars 20. These notches allow to receive the welding supports 13 and the raised edges of the secondary watertight barrier 3.
• Corner pillars 49 are each present at a corner of the caissons 16. These corner pillars 49 have a section trapezoidal. Thus, when four caissons 16 are juxtaposed in one corner, the corner pillars 49 form a chimney allowing the mounting of an anchoring member, in particular couplers, extending along the adjacent pillars 49 and resting on a plate 51 to hold the caisson 16 anchored against the carrier wall 1.
• the boxes are superimposed so that the corner pillars 49 are superimposed to ensure a certain rigidity to receive the stresses exerted by the anchoring members.
• the positioning of the pillars in the primary box 7 and the positioning of the pillars in the secondary box 6 are different so that they are spaced when the boxes 6 and 7 are superimposed.
• the pillars of a first level of caissons for example of the primary insulating layer
• the secondary insulating layer should preferably be located outside a non-overlapping zone 52 of the secondary pillars 140.
• a non-overlapping zone 52 is shown in FIG. 8. The zone is defined in FIG. the projection along the plane parallel to the tank wall, by a rectangular perimeter 53 extending around the secondary pillar 140.
• the secondary pillars 140 are at a sufficient distance from the primary pillars 40 to allow the panels to sag and avoid shearing the panels by the pillars.
• Figures 9a to 9d illustrate the section thereof at their ends on which the panels are based, and their respective non-overlapping areas.
• FIG. 9a shows a pillar of triangular section 54.
• a circumscribed circle of the triangular section 54 is illustrated.
• the perimeter 55 forming the non-overlapping zone consists of a circle centered on the center of gravity of the triangular section 54 and whose radius is equal to the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the triangular section.
• Figure 9c shows a similar circular perimeter corresponding to a pillar of circular section 56.
• a circular perimeter 57 delimits the non-overlap zone.
• the circular perimeter 57 has a radius equal to the diameter of the section 56 of the pillar and is concentric with respect to the pillar.
• FIG. 9b shows a pillar of rectangular section 58.
• the non-overlapping zone is formed by a rectangular perimeter 59 whose long sides are parallel to the long sides of the rectangular section 58.
• the rectangular perimeter 59 is centered on the rectangular section 58 of the pillar and has dimensions that are equal to twice the dimensions C1 and C2 of the rectangular section 58.
• Figure 9d illustrates a rectangular non-overlap area.
• This non-overlapping zone corresponds to a pillar having a section of any shape 60.
• the width D4 corresponds to the dimension of the section along a direction of length 62 of the box comprising the pillar and the length D3 corresponds to the width of the pillar according to a direction of width 63 of the box.
• the rectangle forming the perimeter 61 of the non-overlap zone has dimensions corresponding to twice the lengths D4 and D3 and is centered on the center of the section, the center corresponding to the middle of the dimensions D4 and D3 taken on the section of the pillar.
• the pillars may be hollow to increase their thermal resistance and may also be filled with an insulating material.
• the pillars may have an H. section.
• the pillars may be obtained for example using thermoplastic or thermosetting materials, optionally reinforced with fibers or may be made of wood or plywood.
• the distribution of the beams 26 with respect to the pillars may be different.
• the beams 26 are not necessarily positioned at the right rows of pillars 19 and 23 but can be arranged between the rows of pillars 19 and 23.
• the pillars of the boxes may be replaced by spacer plates.
• spacer plates Such boxes are described in particular in FR2798902A1.
• a spacer plate of the primary insulating layer is each time positioned between two spacer plates of the secondary insulating layer so that they do not overlap.
• a secondary insulating barrier may comprise two layers of heat insulating boxes.
• the arrangement of the pillars can also be realized so that two directly superimposed heat insulating boxes do not have a pillar overlay.
• the box described above can be manufactured in various ways. For example in a first method of manufacturing the box 1 6, the bottom panel 1 7, the slats 18 and the pillars 20 are assembled by stapling. The heat insulation is then inserted or injected between the pillars. The lower panel 25 is stapled to the pillars 20 in a manual or automated process, and then the beams 26 are stapled to the panel lower 25. A possible porous insulating lining is inserted between the beams 26, and the upper panel 24 is finally stapled on the beams 26.
• the fixing of the pillars, panels and spacers between the lower and upper panels can be achieved by screws. However, it is also possible to make their connection by gluing, stapling or nailing.
• the panels, beams and pillars can be made of plywood or solid wood, for example birch, beech or fir. These elements can also be made of bamboo, composite material, plastic or metal.
• any type of heat seal 35 can be used to make the boxes described above.
• a liner 35 may for example consist of a block of machined foam, or a foam cast between the pillars.
• a foam may be reinforced or not using for example fiberglass and may be in particular a polyurethane foam.
• the lining may consist of a nanoscale porosity material of airgel type. Aerogels can be packaged in different forms, for example in the form of powder, beads, nonwoven fibers, fabric, etc.
• the reinforced cover panels presented above can be replaced by reinforced cover panels with different architecture.
• the reinforced cover panels can be replaced by reinforced cover panels described in the French patent application filed under number 1 25531 6.
• the reinforced cover panel can also be replaced by a single rigid cover or consisting of two plates that are superimposed directly.
• the panel of the primary box bearing on the primary pillars may have a thickness between 12 and 80mm.
• the tanks described above can be used in various types of installations such as land installations or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
• a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
• the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull of the vessel, and two thermally insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and secondary watertight barrier, and between secondary watertight barrier and double hull 72.
• loading / unloading lines arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
• FIG. 10 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
• the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
• the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
• the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers .
• a link pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
• the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
• the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the installation on land 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which keeps the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
• pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-08-03 FR FR1257608A patent/FR2994245B1/fr active Active
• 2013
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  • 2013-07-18 WO PCT/FR2013/051747 patent/WO2014020257A2/fr active Application Filing
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  • 2013-07-18 JP JP2015524824A patent/JP6305403B2/ja active Active
  • 2013-07-18 CN CN201380041364.8A patent/CN104508347B/zh active Active
  • 2013-07-18 AU AU2013298366A patent/AU2013298366B2/en active Active
  • 2013-07-18 EP EP13756578.4A patent/EP2880356B8/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2013-07-18 KR KR1020157005445A patent/KR102012351B1/ko active IP Right Grant

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