EP2874870B1 - Procédé et installation de masquage ainsi que bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins une telle installation - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de masquage ainsi que bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins une telle installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2874870B1
EP2874870B1 EP13744762.9A EP13744762A EP2874870B1 EP 2874870 B1 EP2874870 B1 EP 2874870B1 EP 13744762 A EP13744762 A EP 13744762A EP 2874870 B1 EP2874870 B1 EP 2874870B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke
flow
vessel
conduit
hull
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13744762.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2874870A1 (fr
Inventor
Christophe TARDIF
Yohann BONNET
Antoine Delaunay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Power Units SAS
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Safran Power Units SAS
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Publication date
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Priority to PL13744762T priority Critical patent/PL2874870T3/pl
Publication of EP2874870A1 publication Critical patent/EP2874870A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2874870B1 publication Critical patent/EP2874870B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • B63G2013/025—Camouflage using means for reducing radiation emission of electromagnetic waves, e.g. infrared, into air or water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a masking installation of a naval vessel such as a ship, a pleasure boat or a maritime machine, and to a naval vessel equipped with at least one such installation.
  • the context of the invention is the protection of a naval vessel, stationary or in motion, and its surroundings by a masking cloud of the building at least in the field of visible radiation. This masking is intended to prevent any act of aggression or collision of this building.
  • the field relates to the production of an opaque environment generally formed of particles, for example liquids, suspended in the air to form a cloud, or, for example, solids also suspended in the air to generate smoke.
  • pyrotechnics provide fumes that can not mask a building in a satisfactory manner (dimensions, duration, efficiency) and which generates high costs and a significant degree of danger in handling.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing the production of an effective masking, covering all or part of essential and long lasting for the sea vessels and their surroundings, as well as the crew.
  • the goal is also to disorient and worry potential aggressors to dissuade them from any attempt to board.
  • the invention provides for coupling an air flow with a fluid injection capable of causing the formation of a cloud and to orient the cloud in order to optimize the coverage of the building to be protected over time and in the future. space.
  • the present invention relates to a masking process of a naval vessel, preferably in motion, comprising at least one bridge and a hull.
  • the method consists in integrating at least one smoke generator into the building, this integration being able to be carried out on the deck and / or in the building, in particular substantially at or above the water line, to inject a fluid at the outlet of the smoke generator and to guide the flow of gas thus charged with fluid in suspension, said smoke flow, to at least one outlet formed in the shell of the building, so as to direct said flow, for example, towards the rear or towards the front of the building, preferably from a position substantially at or above the waterline of the building.
  • the smoke generator (s) may be integrated at any location of the building such as, for example, at the bow, middle or stern of the building.
  • the invention also relates to a masking installation of a naval vessel for implementing the method.
  • This installation comprises a gas turbine consisting of a gas generator and a gas ejection nozzle in connection with a fuel tank.
  • the ejection nozzle is equipped with at least one fluid injector connected with at least one reservoir, for injecting this fluid, in particular oil, into the ejection gases of the gas turbine and forming a flow of fluid gas in suspension (F3), said smoke flow, and is coupled to at least one guide duct of the smoke flow.
  • F3 fluid gas in suspension
  • the invention also relates to a naval vessel equipped with at least one deck, a hull and at least one such facility.
  • the one or Installations may be arranged on a deck or in a hold at any point in the building.
  • the lengths of the ducts and branches are then determined to open out of the shell of the building through preformed openings.
  • the installation is disposed at the front of the building in a central manner, and comprises a two-branched duct having a common end of connection to the nozzle of the gas turbine and ends opening on each of the half-shells .
  • the conduit may be disposed downstream or upstream of the gas turbine, preferably with branches generally facing the rear of the building in both cases.
  • each installation can be disposed laterally near a half-shell and has only one conduit with one end that opens out of the half-shell.
  • the or each installation can be integrated in a caisson when this installation is located on the deck of the building, in order to protect the installation of sea packs and sea spray and to facilitate traffic on the bridge.
  • the duct (s) of the facilities are arranged so that the flow of smoke leads to the front of the building, for example closer to the flotation level.
  • the conduit (s) of the installations comprise at least a horizontal portion and / or a vertical portion.
  • the means for orienting the end nozzle of the or each duct may make it possible to adjust the exit angle of the smoke flow, for example, depending on the displacement of the building and the navigation conditions so that the smoke in eg, exit between the bridge (s) and the waterline in a given direction.
  • upstream and downstream refer to relative locations of elements of naval vessels in the direction of the standard navigation of these buildings.
  • the front of such a building is upstream and corresponds to the bow, while the rear is downstream and corresponds to the stern of the building.
  • horizontal means parallel to the bridge (s) of the building and “vertical” means perpendicular to that bridge (s).
  • a gas turbine type engine such as, for example, a GPU engine (initials of "Ground Power Unit” in English terminology), is modified to serve as “smoke turbine” in the masking system 10 according to the invention.
  • a GPU group is a fixed or mobile gas turbine for starting the main engines and generating non-propulsive power (pneumatic, electric or hydraulic power) of a vehicle or an aircraft.
  • GPU group 1 consists essentially of a gas generator 2 and a gas ejection nozzle 3 in connection with a fuel tank 41 and at least one fluid reservoir 42, oil H1 in the example - able to stay in the ejection gas in the form of suspended droplets-.
  • the gas generator 2 comprises: an air compressor 21 - the air (arrows F1) entering, axially or radially, by a sleeve 5-; a combustion chamber 22 of an air and fuel mixture, the fuel coming from the tank 41 being introduced into the chamber 22 by fuel injectors 23; as well as a turbine 24 for expanding the flue gases and for driving the compressor 21 via a shaft 25.
  • the flue gases (arrows F2) are ejected by the nozzle 3.
  • These components are generally enclosed in a casing 6 open at the inlet 5a. of the sleeve 5 and at the outlet 3s of the nozzle 3, which is at the same time the output of the GPU 1 group.
  • the GPU 1 group is modified by adding, at the outlet of the ejection nozzle 3, an annular ring 7 coupled to the casing 6 and equipped with fluid injectors 71, for example oil from the reservoir 42.
  • This fluid injection is propelled by a pump 72 and sprayed by the injectors 71 in the hot and swift ejection gases leaving through the nozzle 3.
  • Such a spray makes it possible to form a stream of gas charged with suspended fluid droplets (arrows F3), referred to as "charged gas flow” or "smoke flow”.
  • the annular ring 7 is coupled to a duct 11 for evacuating the flue gas to the outside to effect masking of the vessel.
  • the conduit 11 is made of stainless steel in the example.
  • the length of this duct 11 and its configuration are then adapted to open into the hull of the naval building for which the installation is intended 10. This adaptation is in particular a function of the dimensions of the building and the planned location - on a deck or in a hold - for this installation.
  • the figures 2 and 3 The following illustrate the installation on the deck and at the bottom of a ship of such installations which include ducts, smoke turbines 1 and tanks 41, 42.
  • colored, pulverulent, odorous and / or fumigated additives may also be injected by injectors 71 or any other injection ramp, in order to create or reinforce the effect of surprise and dissuasive flow of smoke. It is also advantageous to inject graphite powder which allows masking in the field of infrared radiation. Alternatively, it is advisable to refrain from injecting graphite powder if one wishes to be able to steer the ship from infrared binoculars through the smoke stream after it has formed around the ship.
  • the figure 2 shows a partial side view of a ship 100 equipped with a masking system 10 according to the invention comprising a smoke turbine 1, for example the GPU group described with reference to FIG. figure 1 tanks 41 and 42, as well as the duct 11.
  • the smoke turbine 1 and the tanks 41 and 42 are arranged in a protective box 8 implanted on the deck 10P of this vessel 100.
  • the duct 11 comprises a divergent conical portion 12 - called "divergent" - in connection with the nozzle 3 at the outlet of the smoke turbine 1.
  • This divergent 12 substantially reduces the speed of the gas flow F3 so that, at the outlet end 14 of the duct 11 through an orifice 13 made in the hull 101 of the ship 100, this speed is almost zero.
  • the conduit 11 has bends C1 to C3, a horizontal portion P1 and a vertical portion P2.
  • the horizontal portion P1 makes it possible to move the outlet 14 of the duct 11 towards the front AV of the ship 100, and the vertical portion P2 makes it possible to exit at the exit 14 near the LF water line of the ship 100. It is indeed sought after. to have an outlet 14 upstream -to allow the smoke to cover the entire ship 100 because of the relative speed of the ship- and close to the waterline LF because the smoke remains "hooked" to the stretch of water then rises in time. Exit 14 remains above this LF waterline to prevent the entry of sea or spray packets.
  • the duct 11 is dimensioned and configured so that the number of elbows, here three elbows C1 to C3, is minimized in order to minimize the pressure drop of the smoke flow F3 under a ceiling, determined in advance in order to avoid overpressure at the level of the smoke turbine 1.
  • a flap 16 for opening / closing the outlet 14 of the duct 11 on the shell 103 is arranged at the end of the duct.
  • This hatch 16 is driven from the control center (not shown) of the ship 100 so that the opening of the outlet 14 is effective at the start of the smoke turbine 1. It would indeed be harmful to leave packets of sea and water. 'spray enter the conduit 11 via this output 14 open when the masking system is not in operation. Problems of corrosion, sealing, or equivalent, caused by the presence of seawater, are thus avoided.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4a illustrate, in lateral and upper (partial) views of a short vessel 102, another example of implantation wedge before 31 of the smoke turbine 1 already described.
  • a ship is called "short" when, for example, it does not exceed 50 m long.
  • the masking device 10 comprises the already described smoke turbine 1, and a pipe 11' with two branches 11'a and 11'b having a common portion 11'c connected at the outlet of the turbine.
  • the duct 11 ' is located downstream of the smoke turbine 1.
  • the two duct branches 11'a and 11'b open on each lateral half-shell 103a and 103b of the hull 103.
  • the branches 11'a and 11'b are symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane Pv of symmetry of the ship 102 and, by their curvature, have a generally oriented direction (arrow F4) towards the rear AR of the ship 102.
  • the smoke flow F3 is also oriented mainly towards the rear AR of the ship 102.
  • the partial side view of the figure 4b shows a 11 "duct of the type of figure 4a but connected upstream of the smoke turbine 1.
  • the symmetrical branches 11 "a and 11" b are also directed towards the rear AR of the ship 102 so that the flow of smoke F3 is installed along the ship , from upstream to downstream.
  • the figure 5 details the structural elements in the end zone 15 of the branch 11'a of the duct 11 'to improve the directivity and masking quality of the smoke flow at the output of the branches 11'a and 11'b.
  • the partial view of the figure 5 is an enlarged view of the facility according to the figure 4a .
  • the GPU 1 is connected to a ring 7 equipped with fluid injectors 71, itself connected to the conduit 11 '.
  • each branch 11a and 11b (only the end of the branch 11a is visible on the figure 5 ) is equipped with a 17g swivel grate 17c.
  • the valves 17c of the grid 17g have a set of axes of rotation 17A remotely controlled at the control center (not shown).
  • the gate 17g is more precisely implanted in this example at the output end 14 of the branch 11'a.
  • the smoke flow F3 is thus finely oriented in the horizontal plane of the figure 5 .
  • water injectors 18 are arranged in said zone 15, upstream of the grid 17g.
  • water seawater in the example, at low temperature (10 to 20 ° C.) substantially lower than the temperature of the smoke flow (greater than 40 ° C.), is thus injected via these injectors.
  • This injection makes it possible to cool and densify the flow of smoke F3 to weigh it down and "hang it" on the expanse of water surrounding the ship 102.
  • the flow of smoke F3 then detaches itself from the expanse of water. water and masks the entire ship 102.
  • each branch 11'a is advantageously equipped, at the output end 14, of a nozzle 19 orientable in the horizontal plane of the figure and in a vertical plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • two-axis articulation means 19A are integrated in the nozzle 19, near its end 19e. The flow of smoke is thus oriented to be able to cling to the expanse of water surrounding the ship 102.
  • the nozzle 19 telescopically fits into the duct branch 11a. The nesting is adjusted by 19c rack adjustment means, also controlled from the control center. It is thus possible to vary and adapt in length the branch 11'a (and, similarly, the box 11b).
  • FIG. 6a and 6b Schematic side and top views of a long tanker 104 (for example of length greater than 300 m) equipped with four masking facilities located at the bottom of the hold before 32 and shim in the middle 33 of the tanker 104.
  • Two installations 10 " a are located near the lateral half-hull 105a of the hull 105 of the ship 104 and two installations 10 "b are located near the half-hull 105b of the hull 105.
  • the facilities 10 "a and 10" b are arranged substantially in the middle MI and forward AV of the ship 105.
  • the installations 10 "a and 10" b are composed of smoke turbines 1, such as those described above, connected to conduits 11 "a and 11" b, respectively corresponding to the branch 11'a and the branch 11'b. described above with reference to the figure 4a or at figure 5 .
  • the lengths of the ducts 11 "a and 11" b are determined so that they can exit out of the hull 105 of the ship through preformed orifices 13.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown. Thus, it is possible to add means for regulating the flow of smoke: valves, valves, etc.
  • the fluid added to the ejection gas to serve as a charge in suspension and form the smoke can be any liquid of organic or aqueous nature, adapted to achieve such a suspensive effect.
  • gas turbine compressors can be used as a smoke generator, for example fans of suitable size and flow rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
EP13744762.9A 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Procédé et installation de masquage ainsi que bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins une telle installation Active EP2874870B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13744762T PL2874870T3 (pl) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Sposób i urządzenie do maskowania, jak również statek morski wyposażony w co najmniej takie urządzenie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1256931A FR2993532B1 (fr) 2012-07-18 2012-07-18 Procede et installation de masquage ainsi que batiment naval equipe d'au moins une telle installation
PCT/FR2013/051714 WO2014013192A1 (fr) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Procédé et installation de masquage ainsi que bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins une telle installation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2874870A1 EP2874870A1 (fr) 2015-05-27
EP2874870B1 true EP2874870B1 (fr) 2016-12-28

Family

ID=47137835

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13744762.9A Active EP2874870B1 (fr) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Procédé et installation de masquage ainsi que bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins une telle installation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20150183499A1 (pt)
EP (1) EP2874870B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP6505598B2 (pt)
CN (1) CN104661913B (pt)
BR (1) BR112015000852B1 (pt)
CA (1) CA2878840C (pt)
FR (1) FR2993532B1 (pt)
PL (1) PL2874870T3 (pt)
RU (1) RU2616489C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2014013192A1 (pt)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106275335A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2017-01-04 王常智 隐形舰船装置
CN114607473B (zh) * 2020-12-07 2024-06-25 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 烟气轮机的密封结构和烟气轮机

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US4459219A (en) * 1979-10-10 1984-07-10 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Black smoke generator and method of use thereof
FR2517319A1 (fr) * 1981-11-30 1983-06-03 Alsetex Procede et dispositif pour la generation d'un nuage de camouflage
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USH1124H (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-01-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Particle smoke generator and method
JPH05139377A (ja) * 1991-11-18 1993-06-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 船舶の赤外線探知欺瞞装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2993532A1 (fr) 2014-01-24
CA2878840A1 (fr) 2014-01-23
US20150183499A1 (en) 2015-07-02
CN104661913A (zh) 2015-05-27
RU2015102841A (ru) 2016-09-10
JP6505598B2 (ja) 2019-04-24
WO2014013192A1 (fr) 2014-01-23
CN104661913B (zh) 2018-12-21
BR112015000852B1 (pt) 2021-11-09
RU2616489C2 (ru) 2017-04-17
BR112015000852A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
JP2015526336A (ja) 2015-09-10
EP2874870A1 (fr) 2015-05-27
PL2874870T3 (pl) 2017-08-31
FR2993532B1 (fr) 2015-08-07
CA2878840C (fr) 2020-04-21

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