EP2873919A1 - Bougie d'incandescence - Google Patents

Bougie d'incandescence Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2873919A1
EP2873919A1 EP20140191847 EP14191847A EP2873919A1 EP 2873919 A1 EP2873919 A1 EP 2873919A1 EP 20140191847 EP20140191847 EP 20140191847 EP 14191847 A EP14191847 A EP 14191847A EP 2873919 A1 EP2873919 A1 EP 2873919A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
glow plug
heat generating
welded portion
content ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20140191847
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2873919B1 (fr
Inventor
Hirofumi Okada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niterra Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd filed Critical NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Publication of EP2873919A1 publication Critical patent/EP2873919A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2873919B1 publication Critical patent/EP2873919B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glow plug.
  • the glow plug includes a sheath heater.
  • the sheath heater is employed as an auxiliary heat source for an internal combustion engine (for example, a diesel engine) by compression ignition system. Good heating characteristics or similar characteristics are required for the glow plug.
  • various methods have been proposed. For example, there is known a method that controls melting of a sheath tube and a heating unit to stabilize heating characteristics of the heating unit (for example, Japanese Patent No. 4288850 ).
  • the sheath tube and the heating unit are formed of different materials from one another. Accordingly, at a welded portion, which is formed by welding the sheath tube and the heating unit, a new compound, which is not contained in the sheath tube or the heating unit, may be generated. If this compound has low toughness, this may cause degrade of durability of the welded portion.
  • the present invention solves the above-described problem, and is, for example, achieved as the following configurations.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be achieved in various configurations other than the above-described configurations.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be achieved as a method for manufacturing a glow plug or a similar method.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a glow plug 10.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an external constitution of the glow plug 10 on the right side of an axial line O on the paper.
  • a cross-sectional structure of the glow plug 10 is illustrated on the left side of the axial line O on the paper.
  • the glow plug 10 functions as a heat source assisting an ignition at a start of a diesel engine.
  • the glow plug 10 includes a center rod member 200, a metal shell 500, and a sheath heater 800.
  • the sheath heater 800 generates heat by transmission of electricity. These members are assembled along the axial line O of the glow plug 10.
  • the sheath heater 800 side in the glow plug 10 is referred to as a "front end side” while the opposite side is referred to as a "rear end side.”
  • the metal shell 500 is formed into a tubular shape and made of carbon steel 1.
  • the metal shell 500 holds the sheath heater 800 at an end portion on the front end side.
  • the metal shell 500 holds the center rod member 200 at the end portion on the rear end side via an insulating member 410 and an O-ring 460.
  • a position of the insulating member 410 in the axial line O direction is secured by crimping a ring 300 in contact with a rear end of the insulating member 410 to the center rod member 200.
  • the insulating member 410 insulates the rear end side of the metal shell 500.
  • the metal shell 500 incorporates a part of the center rod member 200 from the insulating member 410 to the sheath heater 800.
  • the metal shell 500 includes an axial hole 510, a tool engagement portion 520, and an external thread portion 540.
  • the axial hole 510 is a through hole formed along the axial line O.
  • the axial hole 510 has a diameter larger than the center rod member 200.
  • a space is formed between the axial hole 510 and the center rod member 200 so as to provide an electrical insulation therebetween.
  • the sheath heater 800 is press-fitted to the front end side of the axial hole 510 and is bonded.
  • the external thread portion 540 fits an internal thread formed at an internal combustion engine (not illustrated).
  • the tool engagement portion 520 engages a tool (not illustrated) used for installation and removal of the glow plug 10.
  • the center rod member 200 includes a cylindrically-formed conductive material.
  • the center rod member 200 is assembled along the axial line O while being inserted into the axial hole 510 of the metal shell 500.
  • the center rod member 200 includes a center rod member front end portion 210 formed at the front end side and a connecting portion 290 formed at the rear end side.
  • the center rod member front end portion 210 is inserted to the inside of the sheath heater 800.
  • the connecting portion 290 is an external thread projected from the metal shell 500.
  • the engaging member 100 is fitted to the connecting portion 290.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a detailed constitution of the sheath heater 800.
  • the sheath heater 800 includes a sheath tube 810, a heat generating coil 820 as a heating unit, a control coil 830, and insulating powder 840.
  • the sheath tube 810 extends in the axial line O direction.
  • the sheath tube 810 is a tubular member and has a closed-front end.
  • the sheath tube 810 incorporates the heat generating coil 820, the control coil 830, and the insulating powder 840.
  • the sheath tube 810 includes a sheath tube front end portion 811 and a sheath tube rear end portion 819.
  • the sheath tube front end portion 811 is an end portion formed to a rounded shape to the outside at the front end side of the sheath tube 810.
  • the sheath tube rear end portion 819 is an end portion open at the rear end side of the sheath tube 810.
  • the center rod member front end portion 210 of the center rod member 200 is arranged at the inside from the sheath tube rear end portion 819 to the sheath tube 810.
  • a packing 600 and the insulating powder 840 electrically insulate the sheath tube 810 is from the center rod member 200.
  • the packing 600 is an insulating member sandwiched between the center rod member 200 and the sheath tube 810.
  • the sheath tube 810 is electrically connected to the metal shell 500.
  • the control coil 830 is a coil made of a conductive material.
  • the control coil 830 has a temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity larger than a material forming the heat generating coil 820.
  • this conductive material nickel is preferable.
  • the conductive material may be an alloy mainly containing cobalt or nickel.
  • the control coil 830 is disposed inside of the sheath tube 810.
  • the control coil 830 controls electric power supplied to the heat generating coil 820.
  • the control coil 830 includes a control coil front end portion 831 and a control coil rear end portion 839.
  • the control coil front end portion 831 is at the end portion on the front end side.
  • the control coil rear end portion 839 is at the end portion on the rear end side.
  • the control coil front end portion 831 is electrically connected to the heat generating coil 820 by being welded to a heat generating coil rear end portion 829 of the heat generating coil 820.
  • the control coil rear end portion 839 is electrically connected to the center rod member 200 by being bonded to the center rod member front end portion 210 of the center rod member 200.
  • the insulating powder 840 is powder having an electrical insulating property.
  • the insulating powder 840 for example, powder of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is employed.
  • the insulating powder 840 is filled inside of the sheath tube 810.
  • the insulating powder 840 electrically insulates respective clearances of the sheath tube 810, the heat generating coil 820, the control coil 830, and the center rod member 200.
  • the heat generating coil 820 is a coil made of a conductive material.
  • the heat generating coil 820 is disposed at the inside of the sheath tube 810 along the axial line O direction.
  • the heat generating coil 820 is generates heat by transmission of electricity.
  • the heat generating coil 820 includes a heat generating coil front end portion 821 and the heat generating coil rear end portion 829.
  • the heat generating coil front end portion 821 is at the end portion on the front end side.
  • the heat generating coil rear end portion 829 is at the end portion on the rear end side.
  • the heat generating coil front end portion 821 is electrically connected to the sheath tube 810 by being welded to a part near the front end of the sheath tube 810.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of near front ends of the sheath tube 810 and the heat generating coil 820 before welding the sheath tube 810 and the heat generating coil 820.
  • the front end of the sheath tube 810 is open before being welded with the heat generating coil 820.
  • the heat generating coil 820 is arranged so as to penetrate an opening end of the sheath tube 810 before welding.
  • the front end of the heat generating coil 820 before the welding extends obliquely with respect to the axial line O as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • Welding the sheath tube 810 and the heat generating coil 820 at the arrangements forms the part near the front end to the shape as illustrated in FIG. 2 . In this embodiment, this welding is achieved by arc welding.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of near a welded portion 850 after welding the sheath tube 810 and the heat generating coil 820.
  • the welded portion 850 is formed such that the heat generating coil 820 and the sheath tube 810 are mixed in a melted state, and the thus-melted portion hardens.
  • the welded portion 850 is hatched in FIG. 4 .
  • the outer surface of the welded portion 850 forms the sheath tube front end portion 811.
  • a tube portion 860 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a remaining part excluding the welded portion 850 from the sheath tube 810.
  • the welded portion 850 is formed by welding.
  • the welded portion 850 at least contains the main constituent of the heat generating coil 820 and the main constituent of the tube portion 860.
  • the following describes a constituent analysis of the welded portion 850. This analysis is performed as a preparation of experiment described later. The part to be analyzed is near the boundary between the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860.
  • the part to be analyzed is determined as follows. At the left side with respect to the axial line O in FIG. 4 , a point A and a point B are determined. The point A is at a most front end side on the interface of the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860. The point B is a most rear end side on the interface. Afterwards, a straight line W passing through the point A and the point B is drawn. This straight line W is not limited to the interface between the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860.
  • the left side of the axial line O corresponds to the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • the interface between the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860 is, for example, determined as follows. First, a cross section near the welded portion 850 is mirror-finished. Then, electrolytic etching is performed with oxalic acid dehydrate on this cross section. Then, based on an enlarged image of this cross section, the interface between the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860 is visually determined.
  • a straight line X obtained by translating a straight line W to the axial line O side by 0.3 mm is drawn.
  • a part of the welded portion 850 along the straight line X is linearly (along the straight line X) analyzed at 10 ⁇ m-intervals.
  • An average value of content ratios of aluminum at the respective points, which are obtained by this analysis, is calculated as a content ratio of aluminum near the boundary.
  • this part is excluded from the analysis result.
  • a point C and a point D are determined.
  • the point C is at a most front end side on the interface of the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860.
  • the point D is a most rear end side on the interface.
  • a straight line Y passing through the point C and the point D is drawn.
  • a straight line Z obtained by translating the straight line Y to the axial line O side by 0.3 mm is drawn.
  • a part of the welded portion 850 along the straight line Z is linearly (along the straight line Z) analyzed at 10 ⁇ m-intervals. However, at a part up to 0.03 mm from the surface of the welded portion 850 is more likely to contain an oxide film. In view of this, this part is excluded from the analysis result.
  • the reason for determining the analysis part as described above is that these parts are likely to generate a crack.
  • the crack means a rift generated at the interface.
  • An intermetallic compound having low toughness is likely to occur near the boundary between the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860.
  • the intermetallic compound has thermal expansion characteristics different from the original metal.
  • the part near the boundary is mechanically fragile. In view of this, repeated thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage may generate a crack at the interface near the boundary.
  • This embodiment employs the above-described part as one example of the part near the boundary.
  • the qualitative analysis of the welded portion 850 is performed. This analysis specifies an element contained in the welded portion 850. This analysis also specifies an element having the maximum mass% as the main constituent.
  • the EPMA refers to an Electron Probe Micro Analyzer.
  • the WDS refers to a Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer.
  • a measuring condition for the EPMA is determined. This is determined to enhance analysis accuracy. For example, when analyzing (detecting) an element specified as the main constituent at the first step by the amount of beam current, the measuring conditions for the EPMA includes: the amount of beam current does not cause a count loss due to incident of a large amount of X-rays and the number of measured counts of 10000 counts or more is obtained.
  • the element specified at the first step is quantitatively-analyzed under the conditions determined at the second step.
  • the above-described average value regarding the plurality of analysis target points is calculated as the content ratio of aluminum.
  • the accelerating voltage was set to 20 kV
  • a probe current was set to 2.5 x 10 -8 A
  • an irradiation diameter of the beam was set to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the main peak is taken in for 10 seconds.
  • backgrounds on respective high angle side and low angle side are taken in for five seconds. From net strength, a Count Per Second (CPS) of each element is obtained.
  • CPS Count Per Second
  • FIG. 5 is a table showing an experimental result regarding the relationship between a content ratio of aluminum and generation of a crack at the above-described part near the boundary.
  • the heat generating coil 820 formed by a material containing nickel as the main constituent and also containing chrome, but not containing aluminum was employed.
  • the expression of "not containing aluminum” includes the case where aluminum is contained at the content ratio of around a level of an error.
  • the tube portion 860 formed by a material not containing aluminum (for example, SUS310S) was employed.
  • the content ratio of aluminum of the welded portion 850 (part near the boundary of the tube portion 860 and the welded portion 850) in Experiment No. 1 was 0.00 mass%.
  • the heat generating coil 820 formed by a material containing iron as the main constituent and also containing chrome and aluminum was employed. Furthermore, the tube portion 860 formed by Alloy 602 was employed. Alloy 602 means a DIN2.4633 alloy specified by Deutsche Industrie Normen (DIN) at the time of this application. The Alloy 602 has the content ratio of chrome of 24 to 26 mass% and the content ratio of aluminum is 1.8 to 2.4 mass%. Consequently, the content ratio of aluminum of the welded portion 850 (part near the boundary between the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860) became 3.00 to 5.50 mass%.
  • the content ratio of aluminum of the welded portion 850 (part near the boundary of the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860) was changed by adjusting the front end shape of the heat generating coil 820 before melting and the content ratio of aluminum contained in the heat generating coil 820.
  • thermal shock was repeatedly applied as a load, whether a crack occurred in the welded portion 850 or not was confirmed.
  • the load of the thermal shock heating and cooling were conducted on the glow plug 10 by 8000 cycles. The heating was conducted for 20 seconds such that the surface of the glow plug 10 became 1150°C. The cooling was conducted for 60 seconds under the condition that the glow plug 10 was reduced by 149°C after one second from the start of cooling.
  • a temperature width lowered after one second from the start of cooling may be 139 to 159°C.
  • a surface temperature of the glow plug 10 in the heating may be 1140 to 1160°C.
  • the content ratio of aluminum in the welded portion 850 (part near the boundary between the welded portion 850 and the tube portion 860) is preferable to be less than 5.00 mass% and more preferable to be 4.95 mass% or less.
  • This content ratio is, for example, preferable to be 2.00 mass% or less and more preferable to be 1.00 mass% or less.
  • the techniques of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments.
  • the techniques of the present invention may be practiced in various forms without departing from its spirit and scope.
  • the technical features in the embodiments corresponding to the technical features in the respective embodiments described in SUMMARY may be, as necessary, replaced or combined. If the technical feature is not described as essential in the description, it can be deleted as necessary.
  • the following embodiments are illustrative.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates shapes of the sheath tube 810 and a heat generating coil 820a before welding the sheath tube 810 and the heat generating coil 820a as another embodiment.
  • the heat generating coil 820a substitutes for the heat generating coil 820 in the embodiment.
  • the front end of the heat generating coil 820a, as illustrated in FIG. 6 extends almost parallel to the axial line O.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates shapes of the sheath tube 810 and a heat generating coil 820b before welding the sheath tube 810 and the heat generating coil 820b as yet another embodiment.
  • the heat generating coil 820b substitutes for the heat generating coil 820 in the embodiment.
  • the front end of the heat generating coil 820b, as illustrated in FIG. 7 is formed such that the part projecting from the opening end is closely coiled.
  • the shape of the heat generating coil before welding may have a different shape from the heat generating coils illustrated in FIG. 3 , FIG. 6 , and FIG. 7 .
  • Only one of the heat generating coil and the tube portion may contain aluminum.
  • the content ratio of aluminum in the tube portion may be 0 to 1.7 mass%.
  • As the material of the tube portion for example, INCONEL 601 (INCONEL is a registered trademark) may be employed.
  • the content ratio of aluminum in the INCONEL 601 is 1.0 to 1.7 mass%.
  • the method for measuring the content ratio of aluminum in the welded portion is not limited to the methods described in the embodiments.
  • the method may change an apparatus used for the measurement.
  • the part to be measured may be changed.
  • the part where a crack is likely to be generated is selected, and the part may be set as a measuring target.
  • the part where aluminum is aggregated most may be selected as the part where a crack is likely to be generated.
  • an observer may select the part where aluminum is aggregated most, based on an image illustrating a distribution of the content ratio of aluminum. This magnification of the image, for example, may be 30.
  • the number of measurement points and an interval of the measurement points may be changed appropriately for appropriate evaluation on durability.
  • the material of the heat generating coil may have nickel as the main constituent.
  • the welded portion means the tube portion extending in an axial direction and disposed at the outer circumference of the heating unit, and a part that contains at least the main constituent of the tube portion and the main constituent of the heating unit and blocks the front end of the tube portion.
  • the welded portion is not limited to a part manufactured by welding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP14191847.4A 2013-11-15 2014-11-05 Bougie d'incandescence Active EP2873919B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013237005A JP6374651B2 (ja) 2013-11-15 2013-11-15 グロープラグ

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2873919A1 true EP2873919A1 (fr) 2015-05-20
EP2873919B1 EP2873919B1 (fr) 2019-01-09

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EP14191847.4A Active EP2873919B1 (fr) 2013-11-15 2014-11-05 Bougie d'incandescence

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6587501B2 (ja) * 2015-10-30 2019-10-09 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4288850B2 (ja) 2000-03-17 2009-07-01 株式会社デンソー グロープラグの製造方法
JP2011038720A (ja) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd グロープラグ
EP2410243A2 (fr) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-25 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Bougie de préchauffage

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59121793A (ja) * 1982-12-28 1984-07-13 株式会社デンソー 予熱プラグの発熱体
WO2009084453A1 (fr) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-09 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Elément de chauffage de gaine et bougie de préchauffage
JP2009158431A (ja) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-16 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd シースヒータ及びグロープラグ
JP5509017B2 (ja) * 2009-10-15 2014-06-04 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
WO2011162074A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Bougie de préchauffage, procédé de production associé et dispositif de chauffage
JP5437956B2 (ja) * 2010-09-06 2014-03-12 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ及びその製造方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4288850B2 (ja) 2000-03-17 2009-07-01 株式会社デンソー グロープラグの製造方法
JP2011038720A (ja) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd グロープラグ
EP2410243A2 (fr) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-25 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Bougie de préchauffage

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Publication number Publication date
EP2873919B1 (fr) 2019-01-09
JP2015096786A (ja) 2015-05-21
JP6374651B2 (ja) 2018-08-15

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