EP2851436B1 - Method for charging starting material into blast furnace - Google Patents

Method for charging starting material into blast furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2851436B1
EP2851436B1 EP13790736.6A EP13790736A EP2851436B1 EP 2851436 B1 EP2851436 B1 EP 2851436B1 EP 13790736 A EP13790736 A EP 13790736A EP 2851436 B1 EP2851436 B1 EP 2851436B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coke
blast furnace
ore
furnace
mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13790736.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2851436A4 (en
EP2851436A1 (en
Inventor
Shiro Watakabe
Jun Ishii
Toshiyuki HIROSAWA
Kazuhira ICHIKAWA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2851436A1 publication Critical patent/EP2851436A1/en
Publication of EP2851436A4 publication Critical patent/EP2851436A4/en
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Publication of EP2851436B1 publication Critical patent/EP2851436B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for charging starting material (blast furnace raw material) into a blast furnace by charging blast furnace raw material into the furnace with a rotating chute.
  • ore material such as sintered ore, pellet, lump ore, and the like and coke are charged into a blast furnace from the furnace top in a layer state, and combustion gas is injected through a tuyere to yield pig iron.
  • the coke and ore material that constitute the blast furnace raw material charged into the blast furnace descend from the furnace top to the furnace bottom, the ore reduces, and the temperature of the raw material rises.
  • the ore material layer gradually deforms due to the temperature rise and the load from above while filling the voids between ore materials, and at the bottom of the shaft of the blast furnace, gas permeability resistance grows extremely large, forming a cohesive layer where nearly no gas flows.
  • blast furnace raw material is charged into a blast furnace by alternately charging ore material and coke.
  • ore material layers and coke layers form alternately.
  • cohesive zone ore material layers with a large gas permeability resistance, where ore has softened and cohered, exist along with a coke slit, derived from coke, with a relatively small gas permeability resistance.
  • the gas permeability of the cohesive zone greatly affects the gas permeability of the blast furnace as a whole and limits the rate of productivity in the blast furnace.
  • the amount of coke that is used is reduced, which is considered to cause significant thinning of the coke slit.
  • JP H3-211210 A discloses charging, in a bell-less blast furnace, coke into an ore hopper that is downstream among the ore hoppers, layering coke onto the ore on a conveyor, and charging the ore and coke into the furnace top bunker and then into the blast furnace via a rotating chute.
  • JP 2004-107794 A discloses separately storing ore and coke in the furnace top bunker and mixing the coke and ore while charging them simultaneously in order to yield three batches at the same time: a batch for regularly charged coke, a batch for mainly charging coke, and a batch for mixed charging.
  • JP S59-10402 B2 discloses a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace whereby all of the ore and all of the coke are charged into the furnace after being completely mixed.
  • JP S62-017106 discloses a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace, comprising charging blast furnace raw material including ore and coke into a bell-less blast furnace in layers, wherein a mixed layer is formed in the internal central region of the furnace by regulating a coke charging schedule.
  • JP H03-193806 discloses a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace, comprising charging blast furnace raw material including coke and ore into the blast furnace using a rotating chute, the method further comprising storing ores and cokes in furnace top bunkers at a top of the blast furnace and charging the ores and cokes into the furnace through the chute by operating lower gate valves and lower seal valves, wherein the opening degree of the valves is adjusted.
  • EP 2 450 459 A1 discloses a method for operating a blast furnace, comprising forming a coke layer and an ore layer in a blast furnace, wherein the coke layer is formed of conventional coke and the ore layer is formed of carbon iron composition, conventional coke and ore, wherein the conventional coke in the ore layer has a mixing percentage of 0.5 to 6 mass % with respect to the ore.
  • the present invention has been developed in light of the above circumstances, and it is an object thereof to provide a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace that advantageously addresses the concern that gas permeability may deteriorate when charging ore material and coke in the form of mixed layers into the blast furnace.
  • main features of the present invention are as follows.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the following: an ore material hopper 1 for storing ore material 2 composed of at least one of sintered ore, pellet, and lump ore; and a coke hopper 3 for storing coke 4. Ore material 2 and coke 4 that have been discharged from the ore material hopper 1 and from the coke hopper 3 in predetermined proportions are transported upwardly by an ore conveyor 5, then mixed and stored in a reserving hopper 6 as blast furnace raw material 7.
  • Blast furnace raw material 7 that has been discharged from the reserving hopper 6 is transported to the top of the blast furnace 10 by a charging conveyor 8, then charged via a receiving chute 11, and stored in one furnace top bunker, e.g., 12b among, e.g., three furnace top bunkers 12a to 12c. Note that the mixed material of ore material and coke is stored in the furnace top bunker 12b while adjusting the mixing amount of coke to be 30 mass% or less of a total amount of coke.
  • the mixing amount of coke is adjusted to be 30 mass% or less of the total amount of coke for the following reasons.
  • Ore material 2 and coke 4 that have been discharged from the ore material hopper 1 and the coke hopper 3 are transported on the ore conveyor 5 with the coke 4 being layered onto the ore material 2, charged into the reserving hopper 6, where the ore material 2 and the coke 4 are mixed to form mixed material.
  • the mixed material stored in the reserving hopper 6 may segregate during transport to the receiving chute 11 on the charging conveyor 8, and furthermore, during charging via the receiving chute 11 into the furnace top bunker 12b.
  • the amount of coke mixed with ore material is 30 mass% or less of the total amount of coke, coke and ore material are not significantly segregated when stored in the furnace top bunker 12b, and consequently, the mixing ratio of the mixed layer of ore material and coke formed by the rotating chute 16 may become substantially even.
  • the mixing amount of coke is more than 30 mass% of the total amount of coke, coke and ore material are more prone to segregation due to the differences in specific gravity and particle diameter and are largely segregated when stored in the furnace top bunker 12b, which causes regions where either one of ore material or coke alone is present.
  • the mixed material is discharged from the furnace top bunker 12b in the order of, as shown in FIG. 2 , upwards from a position near the outlet 12g close to the central shaft of the blast furnace, subsequently away from the central shaft of the blast furnace towards the outside, and finally the upper edge of the inclined sidewall 12h is discharged.
  • ore material and coke may be segregated when mixed together if the difference in their particle diameter is large, and furthermore, dependent on their particle diameter distributions.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the following: a central coke layer 17, a coke slit 18, and a mixed layer 19. Note that the experiment was conducted under the conditions of coke ratio 400 kg/t, with 50 kg of a central coke layer arranged in the furnace, while gradually mixing the remaining 350 kg of coke into the mixed layer.
  • the gas permeability was analyzed using logK.
  • the gas permeability resistance gradually decreases and reaches a minimum up to a certain mixing amount, even if it will eventually rise afterwards due to the segregation of blast furnace raw material. Therefore, it follows that coke can be mixed into the ore material up to a mixing amount by which the minimum is reached to form a mixed layer, while allowing the remaining coke to form as a coke slit, whereby good gas permeability is obtained.
  • the laboratory device illustrated in FIG. 5 was used to simulate the raw material reduction and elevated temperature process in a blast furnace and to test the change in gas permeability resistance.
  • a furnace core tube 32 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical furnace body 31, and a cylindrical heater 33 is disposed on the outside of the furnace core tube 32.
  • a graphite crucible 35 is disposed at the upper edge of a cylindrical body 34 constituted by refractory material, and charged raw material 36 is charged inside the crucible 35.
  • a load is applied to the charged raw material 36 from above by a load application device 38 connected via a punch rod 37, so that the charged raw material 36 adopts approximately the same state as the cohesive layer at the bottom of the blast furnace.
  • a device 39 for sampling drops is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical body 34.
  • the gas adjusted by a gas mixing device 40 is fed to the crucible 35 through the cylindrical body 34 provided on its underside, and the gas passing through the charged raw material 36 in the crucible 35 is analyzed by a gas analysis device 41.
  • a thermocouple 42 for controlling the heating temperature is provided in the heater 33, and by having a control device (not illustrated) control the heater 33 while measuring the temperature with the thermocouple 42, the crucible 35 is heated to 1200 °C to 1500 °C.
  • samples were prepared by mixing, in different proportions, coke with ore material formed from sinter and iron ore mixed in a predetermined ratio. Then, experiments were conducted to determine the maximum pressure drop under the condition of coke ratio 350 kg/t.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the maximum pressure drop under the condition of coke ratio 350 kg/t, when coke used in the experiments is allocated to mixed coke and slit coke. It can be seen that the gas permeability resistance reaches a minimum where the amount of mixed coke is in the range of 60 mass% to 75 mass% of the amount of coke charged into the blast furnace, and, to obtain the effect of improving the gas permeability of ore layers by mixing coke, it is preferred that the amount of mixed coke is 60 mass% to 75 mass% of the amount of coke charged into the furnace.
  • the coke slit became thinner and less effective for maintaining the gas permeability of coke layers due to the cohesion and integration of ore layers and coke layers, leading to a rise in gas permeability resistance.
  • the inventors found out that charging 60 mass% to 75 mass% of the amount of coke charged into the furnace as a mixed layer of coke and ore material, while allowing the remaining 25 mass% to 40 mass% of coke to remain as a coke slit in the furnace, is effective for improving gas permeability in an advantageous manner.
  • the present invention was completed based on this finding.
  • the specific way of charging ore material and coke into a blast furnace is described based on FIG. 7 .
  • the furnace top bunker 12b stores mixed material of ore material and coke
  • the furnace top bunker 12a stores coke alone
  • the furnace top bunker 12c stores ore material alone.
  • the following describes raw material charging using a so-called reverse tilting control scheme, where the rotating chute 16 is controlled to be tilted from the shaft central portion of the blast furnace 10 towards the furnace wall, while simultaneously rotating about the shaft center of the blast furnace 10.
  • Raw material is charged from the furnace top bunkers in the order stated below.
  • Coke is discharged from the furnace top bunker 12a, which stores coke alone, to form a coke layer (coke slit) 18, while setting the rotating chute 16 to be gradually tilted from the furnace wall towards the furnace central region, or from the furnace central region towards the furnace wall.
  • the amount of coke used to form the coke slit 18 is set to be, as mentioned earlier, 25 mass% to 40 mass% of the amount of coke that is charged into the furnace per charge.
  • the rotating chute 16 is set to charge raw material into the shaft central portion of the blast furnace, and by discharging only coke from the furnace top bunker 12a, into which only coke has been charged, a central coke layer 17 is formed in the shaft central portion of the blast furnace.
  • the rotating chute 16 set to tilt in substantially vertical direction, the flow regulating gates 13 of the furnace top bunkers 12b and 12c are closed, the flow regulating gate 13 of only the furnace top bunker 12a is opened, and only the coke stored in the furnace top bunker 12a is fed to the rotating chute 16. In this way, a central coke layer 17 is formed in the shaft central portion of the blast furnace, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • coke falls at a position having a dimensionless radius of the blast furnace of 0 or more to 0.3 or less, in relation to the raw material stock line level, when 0 is the shaft central portion of the blast furnace and 1 is the furnace wall.
  • the reason is that collecting some of coke in the shaft central portion of the furnace may be effective for improving the gas permeability at the shaft central portion, and thus the gas permeability of the blast furnace as a whole.
  • the amount of coke charged to form a central coke layer is preferably approximately 5 mass% to 30 mass% of the amount of coke charged per charge.
  • the amount of coke charged into the shaft central portion is less than 5 mass%, the gas permeability around the shaft central portion improves insufficiently, and if coke is collected in the shaft central portion by more than 30 mass%, not only does the amount of coke used to form a mixed layer decrease, but also too much gas passes through the shaft central portion, leading to increased heat removal from the furnace body.
  • the amount of coke charged into the shaft central portion is 10 mass% to 20 mass%.
  • coke and ore material and/or mixed material are discharged simultaneously from each furnace top bunker, mixed in the collecting hopper 14, and then fed to the rotating chute 16 to form a mixed layer 19 of ore material and coke on the outside of the central coke layer 17 and on top of the coke slit 18.
  • ore material does not show much variation in particle diameter, which is usually as small as 5 mm to 25 mm.
  • coke has large variation in particle diameter, which is in the range of 10 mm to 60 mm.
  • coke with a particle diameter from approximately 30 mm to 60 mm is called “lump coke” and with a particle diameter from approximately 10 mm to 30 mm “small-and-middle lump coke.” Therefore, to prevent segregation of raw material, it is desirable that the size of coke used is adjusted depending on the size of ore material used, and the particle diameter distribution of coke used is also adjusted accordingly.
  • ore material has a particle diameter of 10 mm to 30 mm and coke has a particle diameter of 30 mm to 55 mm.
  • the ratio of the particle diameters is preferably approximately 1.0 to 5.5.
  • allowing some of coke to remain as a coke slit, rather than mixing all of the coke into a mixed layer, may ensure good gas permeability in the furnace without having to particularly adjust the sizes of ore material and coke used.
  • a preferred coke ratio in a mixed layer for improving gas permeability i.e., the ratio of (amount of coke / amount of ore material) is in the range of approximately 7 % to 25 %, more preferably in the range of 10 % to 15 %, in terms of mass ratio.
  • the reason is that if the ratio of (amount of coke / amount of ore material) is less than 7 mass%, the effect of improving gas permeability by mixing coke is insufficient and the gas permeability of ore layers worsens, and if the ratio of (amount of coke / amount of ore material) is more than 25 mass%, the gas permeability of the coke layer deteriorates since insufficient coke forms as a coke slit.
  • an advantageous operation is as follows: when a shaft pressure anomaly is detected while monitoring shaft pressure during blast furnace operation, in the course of continuous blast furnace charging according to the present invention, the raw material charging should be switched to a normal mode in which ore material layers and a coke slit are separately formed and, when the shaft pressure anomaly is resolved later, switched back to the charging scheme according to the present invention.
  • Table 1 shows, blast furnace operations were performed with varying ratios of coke used to form a coke slit and to form a mixed layer based on the total amount of coke.
  • Table 1 compares the results of investigation of gas utilization rate, packed layer pressure drop ⁇ P/V, and packed layer pressure variation ⁇ P/V under different operation conditions. Note that ⁇ P/V is the standard deviation of measurements ⁇ P/V taken every minute over a 30 minute period. A smaller ⁇ P/V represents a more stable gas flow in the furnace.
  • Example 1 As shown in the table, where 35 mass% (Example 1) or 25 mass% (Example 2) of coke was used to form a coke slit based on the total amount of coke according to the present invention, the gas utilization rate improved and the packed layer pressure drop ⁇ P/V and packed layer pressure variation ⁇ P/V were both less pronounced, despite lower coke ratios.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
EP13790736.6A 2012-05-18 2013-05-17 Method for charging starting material into blast furnace Active EP2851436B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012114963 2012-05-18
PCT/JP2013/003170 WO2013172044A1 (ja) 2012-05-18 2013-05-17 高炉への原料装入方法

Publications (3)

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EP2851436A1 EP2851436A1 (en) 2015-03-25
EP2851436A4 EP2851436A4 (en) 2015-08-05
EP2851436B1 true EP2851436B1 (en) 2016-09-14

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EP (1) EP2851436B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5534118B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101528801B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN104302786A (ja)
WO (1) WO2013172044A1 (ja)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105593380A (zh) * 2013-09-26 2016-05-18 杰富意钢铁株式会社 向高炉装入原料的方法
JP6041072B1 (ja) 2015-02-03 2016-12-07 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉への原料装入方法
CN109072318B (zh) * 2016-03-16 2020-11-03 杰富意钢铁株式会社 向高炉装入原料的方法
CN108085441B (zh) * 2018-02-05 2019-09-24 山东钢铁股份有限公司 一种高炉入炉料的制料装料方法
JP7453526B2 (ja) 2020-04-01 2024-03-21 日本製鉄株式会社 中心コークスの装入位置決定方法、装入位置決定装置、装入位置決定プログラム及び中心コークスの装入方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5910402B2 (ja) 1978-12-08 1984-03-08 川崎製鉄株式会社 混合装入物による高炉の操業方法
JPH0635608B2 (ja) * 1985-07-15 1994-05-11 新日本製鐵株式会社 高炉の原料装入方法
JPH03193806A (ja) * 1989-12-25 1991-08-23 Kawasaki Steel Corp 高炉における原料装入方法
JP2820478B2 (ja) 1990-01-16 1998-11-05 川崎製鉄株式会社 ベルレス高炉における原料装入方法
JPH11217605A (ja) * 1997-11-28 1999-08-10 Nippon Steel Corp 高炉への装入物装入方法
JP3841014B2 (ja) * 2002-05-02 2006-11-01 住友金属工業株式会社 高炉操業方法
CN1389573A (zh) * 2002-07-12 2003-01-08 刘晓平 关于高炉炼铁节约焦炭的方法
JP4269847B2 (ja) * 2002-08-30 2009-05-27 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 ベルレス高炉の原料装入方法
JP4770222B2 (ja) * 2005-03-24 2011-09-14 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉への原料の装入方法
JP4793501B2 (ja) * 2009-08-10 2011-10-12 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 フェロコークスを用いた高炉操業方法
JP5581897B2 (ja) * 2009-12-02 2014-09-03 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉操業方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013172044A1 (ja) 2013-11-21
KR20150004841A (ko) 2015-01-13
CN104302786A (zh) 2015-01-21
EP2851436A4 (en) 2015-08-05
JPWO2013172044A1 (ja) 2016-01-12
EP2851436A1 (en) 2015-03-25
KR101528801B1 (ko) 2015-06-15
JP5534118B2 (ja) 2014-06-25

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