EP2787279A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à combustible solide ayant une récirculation des fumées - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à combustible solide ayant une récirculation des fumées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2787279A1
EP2787279A1 EP20140162647 EP14162647A EP2787279A1 EP 2787279 A1 EP2787279 A1 EP 2787279A1 EP 20140162647 EP20140162647 EP 20140162647 EP 14162647 A EP14162647 A EP 14162647A EP 2787279 A1 EP2787279 A1 EP 2787279A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solid fuel
combustion zone
primary
flue gas
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20140162647
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2787279B1 (fr
Inventor
Ingwald Obernberger
Friedrich Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Biedermann
Mario B. Sc. Oesterle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL14162647T priority Critical patent/PL2787279T3/pl
Publication of EP2787279A1 publication Critical patent/EP2787279A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2787279B1 publication Critical patent/EP2787279B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/12—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyor terminating above the fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for returning flue gases to the combustion chamber or to the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a solid fuel boiler according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a method for operating a solid fuel boiler of the type mentioned is known per se.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the dust emissions during operation of a solid fuel boiler of this type (further).
  • a total of an amount of oxygen which corresponds to a maximum of one half of the amount of oxygen required for a stoichiometric combustion of the solid fuel, is supplied to the ember bed through the combustion grate.
  • an "extreme air grading" is provided according to the invention, in which the air ratio at the ember bed is smaller than 0.5.
  • the proviso "air ratio at the ember bed” corresponds to the quotient of the amount of oxygen, which is introduced with the recirculated flue gas and with an optionally present amount of primary air through the combustion grate in the ember bed, and the amount of oxygen required for a stoichiometric combustion.
  • the procedure according to the invention leads to a significantly reduced oxygen partial pressure in the gas stream fed to the ember bed and thus to a markedly reduced temperature in the ember bed, whereby the release (evaporation) of inorganic fine dust formers, in particular potassium, from the ember bed is markedly reduced.
  • the entrainment of coarse fly ash particles is minimized by the low gas velocities and the reduced turbulence.
  • combustion chamber is supplied with (primary) air in addition to the recirculated flue gas
  • a particularly advantageous further development of the method according to the invention is to ensure that the combustion chamber is supplied with a smaller amount of primary air than the recirculated flue gas.
  • primary air is supplied to the primary combustion zone above the ember bed. Due to this requirement then prevail in the primary combustion zone above the ember bed sufficiently high temperatures and still reducing conditions, because the air ratio in the primary combustion zone is set in this case in the range between 0.5 and 1, wherein this air ratio is defined in the primary combustion zone by the quotient of the amount of oxygen, that of the primary combustion zone is supplied via the recirculated flue gas and the primary air ("below" and "above” combustion grate), to the amount of oxygen required for stoichiometric combustion.
  • the reduction potential for total dust in the method according to the invention is 66% compared to the prior art.
  • the reduction potential for particulate matter at full load is even 74% compared to the state of the art.
  • the results thus show that a reduced temperature of the ember bed and a reduced oxygen partial pressure in the ember bed allow the fine dust emissions to be reduced efficiently.
  • FIG. 1 solid fuel boilers shown used for burning solid biomass, ie solid fuels such as wood pellets, wood chips, straw pellets or energy crops such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus).
  • the invention relates to such biomass small combustion systems with fixed bed combustion in a power range less than 100 kW thermally , which are fully automatic and low maintenance operable.
  • Such a solid fuel boiler consists, in a known manner, first of all of a combustion grate 3 arranged in the region of a primary combustion zone 1 for an ember bed (fixed-bed firing, in FIG FIG. 1 indicated by dots).
  • This combustion grate 3 is suitable for carrying the ember bed, but at the same time it also has passage openings (for example in the form of holes or slots), through which recirculated flue gas and optionally further primary air (see below) can flow from below into the ember bed.
  • a solid fuel feed 12 is arranged above or to the side of the ember bed or the combustion grate 3. This consists for example of a screw conveyor, one end of which opens into the primary combustion zone 1.
  • a secondary air supply 7, which is preferably regulated by a flap 15, is arranged, wherein the secondary air particularly preferably flows via the secondary air supply 7 FIG. 1 introduced secondary air nozzles 13 is introduced or supplied.
  • Both the primary combustion zone 1 and the secondary combustion zone 2 are preferably formed thermally insulated, which in FIG. 1 is illustrated by the hatching running from top left to bottom right.
  • the secondary combustion zone 2 is enclosed by a heat exchanger 8 through which water flows, which is also connected downstream of the secondary combustion zone 2 and serves to transfer heat from the flue gas to the water.
  • This heat exchanger 8 or the water in it is shown in FIG 1 illustrated by the hatching running from bottom left to top right.
  • the flue gas flows from the secondary combustion zone 2 first through a tube bundle (the sake of clarity, only two tubes) down into a collection chamber for fly ash and from there through another tube bundle (here are only two tubes shown) to a Heat exchanger 8 downstream flue gas duct 9, which ultimately opens into a chimney.
  • resulting flue gas is recirculated through the combustion grate 3 to the ember bed, d. H. it is further provided on a glutbettELI side of the combustion grate 3 arranged feed 4 for the recirculated flue gas, for this purpose between the flue gas guide 9 and the feed 4 for the recirculated flue gas preferably provided with a blower 10 and preferably with a controllable flap 16 connecting line 11th is arranged.
  • the flue gas guide 9 itself be provided with an additional fan (not shown separately).
  • Formulated in terms of the method is provided in a known manner that a solid fuel is burned in a primary combustion zone 1 and in a secondary combustion zone 2, wherein the solid fuel in the primary combustion zone 1 lying on a combustion grate 3 forms an ember bed and wherein in the two combustion zones resulting flue gas (preferably by means of Heat exchanger 8 and the connecting line 11) is cooled and then recirculated through the combustion grate 3 to the ember bed.
  • the ember bed-free side of the combustion grate 3 preferably provided with a flap 17 additional air supply 6 for primary air to be assigned, it is further provided according to the invention that the ember bed through the combustion grate 3 is compared to the amount of flue gas smaller primary air quantity supplied , - Alternatively, however, a solid fuel boiler is entirely possible without additional air supply 6, ie the oxygen fed to the bed of embers originates in this case exclusively the recirculated flue gas.
  • the primary combustion zone 1 is preferably designed like a pot, wherein the primary air supply 5 are arranged at the bottom of the pot of the combustion grate 3 and laterally on the pot and above the ember bed.
  • the feed 4 is arranged for the recirculated flue gas below the pot.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP14162647.3A 2013-04-03 2014-03-31 Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à combustible solide et chaudière à combustible solide Not-in-force EP2787279B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14162647T PL2787279T3 (pl) 2013-04-03 2014-03-31 Sposób eksploatacji kotła grzewczego na paliwo stałe i kocioł grzewczy na paliwo stałe

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013103298.2A DE102013103298A1 (de) 2013-04-03 2013-04-03 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Festbrennstoffheizkessels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2787279A1 true EP2787279A1 (fr) 2014-10-08
EP2787279B1 EP2787279B1 (fr) 2017-08-23

Family

ID=50424052

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14162647.3A Not-in-force EP2787279B1 (fr) 2013-04-03 2014-03-31 Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à combustible solide et chaudière à combustible solide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2787279B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013103298A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2787279T3 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU173974U1 (ru) * 2017-01-09 2017-09-22 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Биоинвест" Топочный блок твердотопливный для сушильной техники
CN109611893A (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-04-12 北京未来蓝天技术有限公司 一种低氮排放的生物质颗粒燃料炊暖炉
WO2021057199A1 (fr) * 2019-09-23 2021-04-01 闵鑫沛 Incinérateur de stérilisation à réduction de fumée de filtration à haute température de gaz de combustion
EP3831912A1 (fr) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-09 FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides
IT202100000047A1 (it) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-04 F Lli Tatano Snc Di Tatano Calogero Combustore ibrido pirolitico
US20220333817A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-10-20 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202100032597A1 (it) * 2021-12-23 2023-06-23 Antonino Calarco Caldaia a biomassa solida

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0846917A2 (fr) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-10 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Procédé et appareil pour la production de gaz utilisable à partir de déchets
DE19961155C1 (de) * 1999-12-17 2001-06-13 Dieter Steinbrecht Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmenutzung von kompaktierten halm- und stängelförmigen Energiepflanzen in Feuerungsanlagen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10012895A1 (de) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-20 Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verbrennungsverfahren für Brennstoffe beliebiger Art mittels einer Rostfeuerung
HU0500434D0 (en) * 2005-05-02 2005-07-28 Morvai Ferenc Gasification and burning method and device for pellet from herbs

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0846917A2 (fr) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-10 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Procédé et appareil pour la production de gaz utilisable à partir de déchets
DE19961155C1 (de) * 1999-12-17 2001-06-13 Dieter Steinbrecht Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmenutzung von kompaktierten halm- und stängelförmigen Energiepflanzen in Feuerungsanlagen

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU173974U1 (ru) * 2017-01-09 2017-09-22 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Биоинвест" Топочный блок твердотопливный для сушильной техники
CN109611893A (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-04-12 北京未来蓝天技术有限公司 一种低氮排放的生物质颗粒燃料炊暖炉
US20220333817A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-10-20 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment
US20220341625A1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-10-27 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating system, as well as its components
US11635231B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2023-04-25 Sl-Technik Gmbh Rotating grate with a cleaning device for a biomass heating system
US11708999B2 (en) * 2019-09-03 2023-07-25 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment
WO2021057199A1 (fr) * 2019-09-23 2021-04-01 闵鑫沛 Incinérateur de stérilisation à réduction de fumée de filtration à haute température de gaz de combustion
EP3831912A1 (fr) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-09 FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides
IT202100000047A1 (it) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-04 F Lli Tatano Snc Di Tatano Calogero Combustore ibrido pirolitico

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102013103298A1 (de) 2014-10-09
PL2787279T3 (pl) 2018-04-30
EP2787279B1 (fr) 2017-08-23

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