EP1447622B1 - Chaudière à tube-foyer à combustible pulvérulant - Google Patents

Chaudière à tube-foyer à combustible pulvérulant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447622B1
EP1447622B1 EP04000885A EP04000885A EP1447622B1 EP 1447622 B1 EP1447622 B1 EP 1447622B1 EP 04000885 A EP04000885 A EP 04000885A EP 04000885 A EP04000885 A EP 04000885A EP 1447622 B1 EP1447622 B1 EP 1447622B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
flame tube
tube
boiler
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04000885A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1447622A3 (fr
EP1447622A2 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Dr.-Ing. Schoppe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1447622A2 publication Critical patent/EP1447622A2/fr
Publication of EP1447622A3 publication Critical patent/EP1447622A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1447622B1 publication Critical patent/EP1447622B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber having an elongated tubular form, e.g. for a radiant tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/03005—Burners with an internal combustion chamber, e.g. for obtaining an increased heat release, a high speed jet flame or being used for starting the combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flame tube boiler for firing with fuel dust.
  • Known flame tube boilers designed for firing with oil or gas are characterized by the tightest possible flame tube dimensions and a temperature of the combustion exhaust gases at the outlet of the flame tube of 1,100 to 1,200 ° C.
  • An oil or gas burner forms a short, bushy flame, which comes close to the peripheral wall of the flame tube and generates there large heat flow peaks of up to 400 kW / m 2 .
  • These must be limited for reasons of the material, and the technical rules for steam boilers TRD 306, para. 11 therefore limit the wall thickness of the flame tube to 20 mm.
  • the diameter of the flame tube is limited, because larger diameter require larger wall thicknesses.
  • a lignite-fired flame tube must be substantially larger in length and diameter than a flame tube fired with oil or gas.
  • brown coal dust requires about 2.5 to three times as large a volume for burning out against oil or gas, and, on the other hand, that the exhaust gas temperature must be lowered so that they are at a sufficient distance below the ash melting point from about 920 to 940 ° C, in order to prevent slagging of the flame tube and the downstream piping.
  • the exhaust gas temperature of the fired with lignite dust flame tube should be in the range of 850 ° C, ie significantly below that of oil or gas-fired flame tubes.
  • the fire tube steam boiler has a pre-combustion chamber with an accelerating nozzle, a lance extending into the pre-combustion chamber, and a flame tube adjoining the accelerating nozzle.
  • a burner is known in which a part of the fuel is supplied via a first outer annular channel and is accelerated at the outlet end to high speed, while another part of the fuel is supplied via a second, inner annular channel and braked at the outlet end to low speed, whereby a stabilization and control of the main flame is to be achieved by a permanent pilot flame.
  • the burner is suitable for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.
  • a pulverized coal boiler which has a burner adjacent to a burner, and in which connect to the firebox flue gas reins.
  • the burner produces flame jet speeds of 50 to 60 m / s.
  • the burner axis may be arranged at an angle of, for example, 17 ° with respect to the axis of the furnace.
  • the boiler comprises a burner to which is supplied by means of air fluidized pulverized fuel. Within the burner, at least 30% of the fuel is burned, with the burning air / fuel mixture being blown into the combustion chamber to a flame jet at a speed of at least 40 m / s.
  • the invention has the object of developing a flame-retardant steam boiler for firing with dust-like fuel so that increased firing rates are achieved.
  • the invention is based on the fact that larger wall thicknesses are permissible for the fire tube when reducing the heat flow density, and it is based on the consideration that one can achieve the reduction of the heat flux density, when producing a flame whose diameter is small in comparison is the diameter of the flame tube.
  • the diameter of a flame of given heat output becomes smaller the higher its velocity. As a result, one achieves a larger flame tube diameter, if one increases the flame speed.
  • the high flame speed is achieved in that the highest possible proportion, preferably at least 30%, better 60%, of the fuel is burned in a pre-combustion chamber and accelerated from the pre-combustion chamber, burning flame gases are accelerated and only then blown into the flame tube.
  • the acceleration is at a speed of at least 80 m / s, preferably 100 m / s, and at this speed they are blown into the flame tube, preferably coaxially therewith. But you can blow the flame gases above the axis of the flame tube at an inclination of 8 to 14 ° C against the axis of the flame tube obliquely down in this. This achieves that impurities, such as ash, which collect at the bottom of the flame tube, in the direction of the Trigger the flame tube to be blown.
  • the pre-combustion chamber is included in the water cycle of the boiler and absorbs heat from the flame.
  • the flame is already partially cooled when accelerated.
  • the accelerated flame jet acts like an injector in the flame tube and, during the burnout of the remaining unburned fuel portion from the outer region of the flame tube, entrains and cools already cooled gases there, which further reduces the temperature of the flame.
  • the consequence of the measures according to the invention is a reduction of the peak value of the heat flow density from the initially mentioned 400 kW / m 2 to about 150 to 160 kW / m 2 .
  • the flame tube diameter of 1,900 mm without reinforcing rings and 2,500 mm with reinforcing rings can be realized, which results in a firing capacity for lignite dust of 9 or 15 MW when using a single flame tube and 22 MW when using two flame tubes in the same Boiler corresponds.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically as an exemplary embodiment of a flame tube steam boiler for carrying out the method, which in the example 9 MW has power and is fired with Rhenish brown coal dust.
  • the lignite dust is burned in a pre-combustion chamber 1, which widens conically starting from an inlet end.
  • an acceleration nozzle 2 At the extended end of the pre-combustion chamber 1 is followed by an acceleration nozzle 2, which narrows conically starting from the outlet diameter of the pre-combustion chamber 1 in the direction of an outlet end.
  • a lance 5 is guided concentrically with the pre-combustion chamber 1, which ends approximately at the location of the largest diameter of the pre-combustion chamber and carries there a deflection hood.
  • the lance 5 is used to supply by means of a carrier gas, in particular air, outside of the arrangement shown in a known manner fluidized brown coal dust.
  • a turning chamber 8 is arranged, into which the flame tube 7 opens.
  • a tube 9 from a plurality of mutually parallel tubes.
  • the pre-combustion chamber 1 at least partially, the acceleration nozzle 2, the flame tube 7 and the tube 9 are in a boiler 10 partially filled with water to a level 11, wherein the tube 9 preferably extends below the flame tube 7.
  • combustion air L 1 is injected into the collection chamber 3, and this is formed by the air guide vanes to toric flow, which flows near the wall of the pre-combustion chamber 1 in a spiral toward the end of larger diameter of the pre-combustion chamber 1. Due to physical conditions, a part of the combustion air flow in the region of the largest diameter of the pre-combustion chamber 1 reverses and flows centrally in the direction of the inlet end of the pre-combustion chamber 1. In this return flow of the fluidized lignite dust is blown by means of the lance 5. On its way inside the return flow of lignite dust is heated so that it spontaneously ignites when it comes into contact with the combustion air in the region of the inlet end of the pre-combustion chamber 1.
  • the flame which is not shown in the drawing within the pre-combustion chamber 1 and the acceleration nozzle 2, completely fills the pre-combustion chamber 1 and acceleration nozzle 2 except for a thin wall of cold air close to the wall.
  • the flame jet 6 emerging from the accelerating nozzle 2 has a speed which is at least about 80 m / s, preferably about 100 m / s.
  • the exit diameter d 1 of the flame acceleration nozzle 2 in the example shown is 488 mm for a flame acceleration to 100 m / s or 545 mm for a flame acceleration to about 80 m / s, provided that the total amount of combustion air L 1 passes through the pre-combustion chamber 1.
  • the mentioned, near-wall cold air layer extends into the mouth of the flame acceleration nozzle 2, which is there in FIG. 1 is indicated accordingly.
  • the flame jet By its momentum, the flame jet generates in a known manner a strong flue gas circulation in the flame tube 7, which has a corresponding heat transfer to the walls of the flame tube 7 by convection result, which adds to the heat transfer by flame radiation.
  • the inner diameter of the flame tube 7 is to be converted with the square root of the ratio of the services in a known manner.
  • the same rule applies to the outlet diameter d 1 of the flame acceleration nozzle 2.
  • the length L 1 of the flame tube 7 is 5800 mm in the example shown and thus meets the requirements for sufficient burnout and adjustment of the NO equilibrium. With a boiler output of 3.5 MW, a length of 4800 mm is sufficient; for a boiler output of 13.5 MW, 7100 mm are required. For other services, interpolate linearly.
  • the length measure is not particularly critical.
  • the flue gases developed by the flame jet leave the flame tube 7 at the opposite end of the flame acceleration nozzle 2 in the turning chamber 8, from where they are fed into the first pipe 9, which is arranged around the flame tube 7 in the lower part of the boiler. Fly ash settles in the turning chamber 8 and can be withdrawn from there.
  • the axial length of the turning chamber 8 is in the example 1250 mm and is to be converted for other boiler capacities proportional to the inner diameter of the flame tube 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the pre-combustion chamber 1 is arranged with the acceleration nozzle 2 above the axis of the flame tube 7 and obliquely to the axis of the flame tube 7, so that the emanating from the acceleration nozzle 2 flame jet 6 is directed obliquely downwards into the flame tube 7 in.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ between the axis of the pre-combustion chamber 1 with flame acceleration nozzle 2 with respect to the axis of the flame tube 7 is preferably selected so that the distance A between the surface of the flame jet 6 and the flame tube 7 above the flame jet 6 over the length of the flame jet 6 is approximately constant , Stay that way the heat flow peaks unchanged.
  • the most favorable angle ⁇ is between 7 and 10 °.
  • the success of this measure is that at the lowest point of the pre-combustion chamber 1 occasionally accumulating impurities, such as ash residues, etc., can be blown out more easily.
  • the purging of these residues from the pre-combustion chamber 1 is favored when the pre-combustion chamber 1 is inclined in the manner described.
  • the oblique course of the flame jet 6 also favors the removal of impurities from the flame tube 7.
  • the angle ⁇ can also be selected to be larger and extend into the range from 12 ° to 14 °, because the peak value of the heat flow density depends not only on the distance A but also on the diameter ratio D 2 / D 1 of the flame jet 6 and flame tube 7.
  • blowpipes 12 can also be advantageously used to blow out deposits of fly ash from the flame tube 7.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Chaudière à vapeur à tube-foyer pour combustion de combustible pulvérulent, aux caractéristiques suivantes:
    - une chambre de précombustion (1) avec une tuyère d'accélération (2);
    - une lance (5) qui s'étend dans la chambre de précombustion (1); et
    - un tube-foyer (7) qui vient se raccorder à la tuyère d'accélération (2);
    - lors de la mise à feux de la chaudière à vapeur à tube-foyer étant brûlé au moins 30% du combustible pulvérulent et les gaz de flamme sortant de la chambre de précombustion étant accélérés à au moins 80 m/s; et
    - l'épaisseur de paroi du tube-foyer (7) étant supérieure à 20 mm et de maximum 50 mm.
  2. Chaudière à vapeur à tube-foyer selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle des bagues de renforcement sont disposées sur le tube-foyer (7) dans la zone de flamme.
EP04000885A 2003-01-17 2004-01-16 Chaudière à tube-foyer à combustible pulvérulant Expired - Lifetime EP1447622B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10301857A DE10301857A1 (de) 2003-01-17 2003-01-17 Verfahren zum Befeuern eines Flammrohrkessels mit einem staubförmigen Brennstoff sowie staubgefeuerter Flammrohrkessel
DE10301857 2003-01-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1447622A2 EP1447622A2 (fr) 2004-08-18
EP1447622A3 EP1447622A3 (fr) 2004-09-15
EP1447622B1 true EP1447622B1 (fr) 2010-04-28

Family

ID=32602729

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04000885A Expired - Lifetime EP1447622B1 (fr) 2003-01-17 2004-01-16 Chaudière à tube-foyer à combustible pulvérulant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1447622B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE466238T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10301857A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102944014A (zh) * 2012-10-22 2013-02-27 瑞焓能源科技有限公司 工业锅炉燃烧器及具有其的工业锅炉
CN103791494B (zh) * 2014-01-22 2016-04-13 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 一种风冷式煤粉低氮燃烧器及其使用方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2854170A1 (de) * 1978-12-15 1980-06-19 Gewerk Sophia Jakoba Verfahren zum betrieb eines umweltfreundlichen kohlekraftwerks sowie einrichtung zur ausfuehrung des verfahrens
WO1983002309A1 (fr) * 1981-12-30 1983-07-07 Fritz Schoppe Foyer de chaudiere
DE3312353C2 (de) * 1983-04-06 1985-05-23 Azo-Maschinenfabrik Adolf Zimmermann Gmbh, 6960 Osterburken Kohlenstaubbrenner
DE3715453A1 (de) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-24 Krupp Polysius Ag Verfahren und brenner zur verfeuerung von brennstoff
DE59106865D1 (de) * 1990-08-17 1995-12-14 Schoppe Fritz Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbesserung der wärmeausnutzung von staub- oder aschehaltigen verbrennungsabgasen.
DE10055507A1 (de) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-23 Fritz Schoppe Verfahren zum Befeuern eines für die Öl- oder Gasfeuerung ausgelegten Kessels mit einem staubförmigen Brennstoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1447622A3 (fr) 2004-09-15
ATE466238T1 (de) 2010-05-15
DE10301857A1 (de) 2004-07-29
DE502004011085D1 (de) 2010-06-10
EP1447622A2 (fr) 2004-08-18

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