EP2762777A1 - Kessel - Google Patents

Kessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2762777A1
EP2762777A1 EP14466002.4A EP14466002A EP2762777A1 EP 2762777 A1 EP2762777 A1 EP 2762777A1 EP 14466002 A EP14466002 A EP 14466002A EP 2762777 A1 EP2762777 A1 EP 2762777A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
air
boiler
waste
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14466002.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tomás Kaspar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Step TRUTNOV AS
Original Assignee
Step TRUTNOV AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Step TRUTNOV AS filed Critical Step TRUTNOV AS
Publication of EP2762777A1 publication Critical patent/EP2762777A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/005—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
    • F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/06—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air into the fire bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50209—Compacting waste before burning

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a boiler, especially a biomass-burning boiler, particularly a boiler for burning whole bales of biomass and containing a combustion chamber and at least one heat exchanger.
  • Such devices also include boilers burning whole bales of straw.
  • Such devices can be divided into those with a device dosing the straw from the bale before it is loaded in the combustion space and those enabling whole bales of straw to be loaded in the combustion space.
  • the above-described devices can also include a device intended for burning mass of plant origin described in Patent Document CS 228635 .
  • the device consists of a pressing chamber connected to a storage bunker for bulk fuel.
  • the pressing chamber is provided with a pressing worm placed on a hollow shaft.
  • the chamber is connected to an air intake and mouthed into the combustion chamber along with the pressing chamber outlet.
  • One major disadvantage of this device is the fact that the pressing worm facilitates loading the mass that consists of small particles but it does not facilitate loading e.g. whole bales of straw.
  • Patent Application CZ PV 2001-1178 describes a method of burning biomass compressed into large-volume bales and a device facilitating this method of burning.
  • This method lies in the fact that a longitudinally placed bale is conveyed, using a horizontal conveyer, from a storage bunker into a tilting bridge tilted into the horizontal plane. Then the bridge is tilted into the vertical plane and the sliding arm of the bridge holds the bottom face of the bale. Then, a charging chamber moves above the tilted bridge, the sliding arm of the bridge shifts the held bale vertically upwards into the charging chamber where inside-mounted grips of its vertical conveyer grip the inserted bale.
  • the charging chamber with the gripped bale then moves above the vertical burning shaft of the combustion chamber and lowers the gripped bale vertically into the burning shaft of the combustion chamber where the bottom face of the bale touches down on the aerating mechanism.
  • the device using this method consists of a charging line and of a combustion boiler provided with an aerating mechanism and connected with a heat exchanger.
  • a disadvantage of this device is its big size, complexity and expensiveness.
  • a travelling grate is located above the ground surface in the inclination from the openable front wall to the back wall.
  • the travelling grate partly protrudes into the combustion chamber, and between the upper surface of the travelling grate and the lowest pipe is a gap for feeding straw into the combustion chamber.
  • the fore-chamber space is closed with the travelling grate at its bottom part but the combustion chamber is, at its bottom part, marked off with the travelling grate only behind the partition wall.
  • the ground surface is provided with an ash pan located at the back wall and with a waste-gas flue behind the hole for waste gases.
  • Utility design CZ 17061 describes a biomass- and coal-burning combustion chamber additionally provided with a device for feeding whole bales of straw into the combustion chamber and with a screw conveyer to remove ash and other non-combustible particles out of the chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is divided into the first and second combustion spaces between the travelling grate at the bottom, the ceiling at the top, the front and the back walls and the left-side and right-side walls.
  • These walls consist of water-cooled pipes and the ceiling is, behind the bending, a continuation of the front wall, its ceiling pipes lead upwards at an angle towards the back wall and are connected to the upper chamber of the back wall, and the front wall is provided with an opening for feeding bales of straw under which the travelling grate is located in the inclination from the front wall towards the back wall and behind the travelling grate, the first chamber of the inclined wall is connected to the back wall which consists of pipes and ceramic materials.
  • These pipes lead upwards at an angle, are connected to the second chamber and the chamber is (with vertical pipes) connected to the ceiling pipes.
  • load-bearing pipes with gaps between them are connected to the bottom side of the second chamber and to the front wall and these pipes bear two ceramic blocks which are placed on their top and which cover the whole width of the combustion chamber, thus forming a passage hole between the first combustion space below the inclined wall and the ceramic blocks and the second combustion space above the ceramic blocks and the inclined wall.
  • the hole is provided with a first ceramic partition wall placed behind the vertical pipes in the direction of the back wall and connected to the ceiling. This partition wall leads vertically downwards towards the inclined wall and protrudes into the second combustion space. Another ceramic partition wall is placed closer to the back wall.
  • a boiler especially a biomass-burning boiler consisting of a combustion chamber and at least one heat exchanger, especially a boiler burning whole bales of biomass based on the invention the nature of which lies in the fact that the combustion chamber consists of a waste-gas flue arranged in its top part and that the waste-gas inlet into the waste-gas flue is arranged on the side of the combustion chamber opposite to the side on which at least one intake of combustion air is arranged.
  • This design extends the path of the waste gases in such a manner that the rest of them finishes burning in the waste-gas flue at the latest which increases effectiveness of the whole boiler and considerably decreases the volume of harmful waste gases exhausted.
  • the waste-gas flue is marked off with the heat- resistant arch and the ceiling of the combustion chamber on the understanding that the heat-resistant arch is made of sheet metal which minimizes its size.
  • the design of this arrangement is simple. It is also advantageous in view of the extended path of the waste gases and in view of more perfect after-combustion of the waste gases before they enter the heat exchanger which increases effectiveness of the boiler.
  • the combustion chamber is, advantageously, cylinder-shaped and is completely cooled, ideally with water.
  • This design is the most advantageous in view of cutting the respective production costs and in view of good burning of culm plants where a lower burning temperature is necessary if compared to wood burning.
  • the design is even simpler and the whole boiler even cheaper if the door of the combustion chamber is circular and uncooled.
  • the boiler for burning whole bales 20 of biomass - straw ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2 ) consists of a combustion chamber 1 and a heat exchanger 2.
  • Front side 17 of the combustion chamber 1 is provided with a door 15 which is arranged in the whole of its section.
  • a waste-gas flue 3 which is marked off with the sheet-metal heat-resistant arch 6 and the ceiling 19 of the combustion chamber 1 .
  • the inlet 24 of waste gases into the waste-gas flue 3 is arranged on the side of the combustion chamber 1 which is opposite to the side with the intakes 25 supplying the combustion chamber 1 with combustion air.
  • the combustion air intakes 25 which include the primary-air nozzles 14 and the secondary-air nozzles 23 are connected by pipes 26 with the source 13 of the combustion air.
  • the combustion air Before entering the combustion chamber 1 , the combustion air is divided into two streams - the primary-air stream and the secondary-air stream. For that reason, the pipe 26 is provided with a distributor 27 . The pipe then forks into the primary-air pipe 28 and the secondary-air pipe 29 .
  • a ventilator fan is used as the combustion-air source 13 .
  • the heat exchanger 2 is a horizontal fire-tube exchanger. It is placed ( Fig. 3 ) above the top section of the combustion chamber 1 , has two draught passages 8 , 10 and is connected through a reversing chamber 7 with the combustion chamber 1 .
  • the reversing chamber 7 is connected with the waste-gas flue 3 .
  • the heat exchanger 2 is provided with a waste-gas exhaust fan 12 .
  • the heat exchanger 2 can also be placed next to the combustion chamber 1 ( Fig. 4 ).
  • the combustion chamber 1 is cylindrical and is provided with a circular uncooled door 15 .
  • the entire combustion chamber 1 is water-cooled.
  • the wall of the rear side 18 of the combustion chamber 1 is covered with a heat-resistant insulation material 5 or with a refractory lining.
  • the ceiling 19 of the combustion chamber 1 is covered with a heat-resistant insulation material 4 or with a refractory lining.
  • the middle level of the rear side 18 is provided with an ignition door 16 .
  • the boiler is further provided with a control thermostat (not shown) which decreases the output of the boiler in case the preset water temperature has been attained.
  • the boiler is further provided with a temperature limiter (not shown) and with a safety valve (not shown) to prevent overheating and exceeding maximum pressure.
  • the boiler for burning whole bales 20 of biomass works as follows: First, a whole bale 20 of straw (it is advantageous if the bale is cylinder-shaped) is inserted into the boiler. Then the door 15 and the combustion chamber 1 are closed. At the same time, the source 13 of the combustion air is started-up and the bale 20 of straw is lighted through the ignition door 16 .
  • the door 15 to the combustion chamber 1 is opened and another bale 20 of straw is inserted into the combustion chamber 1 which is usually lighted by the previous burning-out bale 20 . Then the whole burning process repeats itself.
  • the ash from the combustion chamber 1 is removed manually through the door 15 using an ash scraper and put in an ashbin (not shown).
  • the boiler according to this invention can be used for burning biomass, especially if the biomass is in the form of bales, especially if the biomass is in the form of big cylinder-shaped bales of straw or hay.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
EP14466002.4A 2013-02-04 2014-01-24 Kessel Withdrawn EP2762777A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2013-74A CZ201374A3 (cs) 2013-02-04 2013-02-04 Kotel pro spalování celých balíků biomasy

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2762777A1 true EP2762777A1 (de) 2014-08-06

Family

ID=50064529

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14466002.4A Withdrawn EP2762777A1 (de) 2013-02-04 2014-01-24 Kessel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2762777A1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ201374A3 (de)
UA (1) UA136061U (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016189437A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Julian Furbank A system comprising a domestic solid-fuel heater and a regulator therefor
WO2017168772A1 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 和雄 宮谷 固体燃料の燃焼装置および固体燃料の燃焼方法、並びに、気体加熱装置、液体加熱装置、発電システムおよび冷房システム
CN108386830A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-10 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 烤烟用生物质燃料燃烧气化一体炉
RU2670131C1 (ru) * 2017-07-03 2018-10-18 Вадим Сергеевич Рыжов Отопительный котёл

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS228635B1 (cs) 1982-09-22 1984-05-14 Vladimir Doc Ing Csc Novotny Zařízení pro spalování hmoty, zejména rostlinného původu
DE8505936U1 (de) * 1985-03-01 1986-11-27 Vießmann, Hans, Dr.h.c., 3559 Battenberg Heizungskessel für feste Brennstoffe
DK621286A (da) 1986-05-05 1987-11-06 Voelund As Fremgangsmaade til afbraending af hele ubehandlede halmballer i en kontrolleret forbraendingsproces og aggregat til brug ved fremgangsmaaden
EP0798510A2 (de) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-01 Georg Fischer GmbH & Co. Heizkessel
CZ20011178A3 (cs) 2001-03-30 2002-11-13 Nuclea, Spol. S R. O. Způsob spalování biomasy slisované do velkoobjemových balíků a zařízení k provádění , tohoto způsobu
CZ16473U1 (cs) 2006-02-28 2006-05-03 Sámal@Václav Zařízení pro spalování celých balíků slámy
CZ17061U1 (cs) 2006-11-07 2006-12-04 Šámal@Václav Spalovací komora na biomasu a uhlí
WO2008043920A2 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Entreprise Ronot Bruleur a cereales
DE102007023051A1 (de) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Martin Ahrends Kessel mit Brennmaterial aufnehmenden Brennraum
EP2051007A1 (de) * 2007-10-16 2009-04-22 Robert Dal Pra' Vorwärmer/umweltfreundliche Vorrichtung zur Verwendung bei Verbrennungsheizgeräten
CZ303224B6 (cs) 2009-10-02 2012-05-30 Tenza, A. S. Zpusob spalování balíku biomasy a kotel k provádení tohoto zpusobu
WO2012148171A1 (ko) * 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 Kim Yong-Hyun 화목보일러

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060236906A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2006-10-26 Harvey Buhr Waste litter heater
CN101839475B (zh) * 2010-04-13 2011-06-01 广东兆丰能源技术有限公司 生物质燃料燃烧装置

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS228635B1 (cs) 1982-09-22 1984-05-14 Vladimir Doc Ing Csc Novotny Zařízení pro spalování hmoty, zejména rostlinného původu
DE8505936U1 (de) * 1985-03-01 1986-11-27 Vießmann, Hans, Dr.h.c., 3559 Battenberg Heizungskessel für feste Brennstoffe
DK621286A (da) 1986-05-05 1987-11-06 Voelund As Fremgangsmaade til afbraending af hele ubehandlede halmballer i en kontrolleret forbraendingsproces og aggregat til brug ved fremgangsmaaden
EP0798510A2 (de) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-01 Georg Fischer GmbH & Co. Heizkessel
CZ20011178A3 (cs) 2001-03-30 2002-11-13 Nuclea, Spol. S R. O. Způsob spalování biomasy slisované do velkoobjemových balíků a zařízení k provádění , tohoto způsobu
CZ16473U1 (cs) 2006-02-28 2006-05-03 Sámal@Václav Zařízení pro spalování celých balíků slámy
WO2008043920A2 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Entreprise Ronot Bruleur a cereales
CZ17061U1 (cs) 2006-11-07 2006-12-04 Šámal@Václav Spalovací komora na biomasu a uhlí
DE102007023051A1 (de) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Martin Ahrends Kessel mit Brennmaterial aufnehmenden Brennraum
EP2051007A1 (de) * 2007-10-16 2009-04-22 Robert Dal Pra' Vorwärmer/umweltfreundliche Vorrichtung zur Verwendung bei Verbrennungsheizgeräten
CZ303224B6 (cs) 2009-10-02 2012-05-30 Tenza, A. S. Zpusob spalování balíku biomasy a kotel k provádení tohoto zpusobu
WO2012148171A1 (ko) * 2011-04-29 2012-11-01 Kim Yong-Hyun 화목보일러

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016189437A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Julian Furbank A system comprising a domestic solid-fuel heater and a regulator therefor
WO2017168772A1 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 和雄 宮谷 固体燃料の燃焼装置および固体燃料の燃焼方法、並びに、気体加熱装置、液体加熱装置、発電システムおよび冷房システム
RU2670131C1 (ru) * 2017-07-03 2018-10-18 Вадим Сергеевич Рыжов Отопительный котёл
CN108386830A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-10 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 烤烟用生物质燃料燃烧气化一体炉
CN108386830B (zh) * 2018-02-07 2019-06-07 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 烤烟用生物质燃料燃烧气化一体炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
UA136061U (uk) 2019-08-12
CZ304985B6 (cs) 2015-03-11
CZ201374A3 (cs) 2015-03-11

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