CN202501481U - 生活垃圾焚烧炉 - Google Patents
生活垃圾焚烧炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN202501481U CN202501481U CN2012200909631U CN201220090963U CN202501481U CN 202501481 U CN202501481 U CN 202501481U CN 2012200909631 U CN2012200909631 U CN 2012200909631U CN 201220090963 U CN201220090963 U CN 201220090963U CN 202501481 U CN202501481 U CN 202501481U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- burning
- combustion chamber
- incineration
- hangs
- incinerator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种生活垃圾焚烧炉，包括由炉墙和覆盖拱围成的由下至上形成的焚烧供热区、垂落焚烧区、烘干引燃区、烟气集热区的立式焚烧炉。本新型通过焚烧供热区，以燃煤作为助燃原料，利用燃烧炉排与垃圾同步运行，得到平稳的燃烧温度。另外，通过烘干引燃区，增加了高温烟气与垃圾物料逆向运动的接触时间，降低了含水量，提高焚烧炉的焚烧效率。由于采用垂落焚烧区，作用燃烧聚集的垃圾由上下落，便于垃圾的分散，垂落的过程中与高温烟气逆流运动得到充分的燃烧。此外，采用了烟气集热区，提高了高温烟气在炉顶内循环流动，保证高温烟气温度不低于850°C时，在炉顶内停留时间不小于2秒，达到国家标准的要求。
Description
生活垃圾焚烧炉
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于一种焚烧炉，特别是涉及一种城市生活垃圾焚烧炉。
背景技术
[0002] 对于城市生活产生的垃圾，是城市生活垃圾综合处理的重要组成部分。目前用于处理生活垃圾较为可行的方法是采用焚烧锅炉来焚烧垃圾。焚烧锅炉大多采用卧式结构，助燃原料多采用燃油或燃气。由于城市生活垃圾成份复杂、含水、含尘量大、粘度大、含酸性气体多、含有害气体等，常常会因焚烧锅炉温度不稳定，向炉膛内喷油或喷气量难以控制等问题，造成垃圾焚烧不彻底，高温烟气温度不稳定，再因按常规设计的焚烧锅炉，受设计 结构上的限制，不能满足国家标准对高温烟气温度不得低于850° C时，在炉内停留时间不小于2秒的要求。同样，在所公开的技术中，对比传统的焚烧锅炉进行了改进，如专门的垃圾焚烧炉。该垃圾焚烧与高温烟气冷却一体的炉型设计结构，使其对垃圾的焚烧炉的温度控制有了一定的改善，即在焚烧炉集热室内分别安装了供热锅炉和空气预热器，及其外部加装了温度调节器，与焚烧炉构成一个整体。但还是不能解决对高温烟气温度不得低于850° C时，在炉内停留时间不小于2秒的要求。而且从整体炉型结构的配置也达不到要求。
发明内容
[0003] 鉴于上述现状，本实用新型的目的是提供了一种生活垃圾焚烧炉，具有燃烧处理效果好，炉膛温度稳定，满足高温烟气温度及在炉内停留时间的标准要求，并可提高工作效率。
[0004] 实现上述目的的技术方案是：生活垃圾焚烧炉，包括由炉墙和覆盖拱围成的由下至上形成的焚烧供热区、垂落焚烧区、烘干引燃区、烟气集热区的立式焚烧炉；其中：
[0005] 焚烧供热区A，包括煤斗，与燃烧室连通，位于煤斗下部有对应的焚烧炉排水平引入燃烧室内，该焚烧炉排运行方向前端有一破渣机；和
[0006] 垂落焚烧区B，具有一垂落燃烧室，与焚烧供热区的燃烧室连通；和
[0007] 烘干引燃区C，包括垃圾入料斗，对应其底部安装水平引入烘干引燃室内的给料炉排，该烘干引燃室与垂落焚烧区的燃烧室连通；和
[0008] 烟气集热区D，具有迷宫式的高温循环烟道，该高温循环烟道有一个弓I出的烟气出口，和一个烟气入口，该烟气入口与相连接的烘干引燃室连通，并对应于其内的给料炉排。
[0009]因此，通过改进的焚烧炉体结构，利用焚烧炉排驱动燃烧的煤与燃烧的垃圾同步运动并燃烧，满足了燃烧室内具有连续、平稳的燃烧温度，使垃圾得到充分的焚烧，有害物质得到消除，保证垃圾的处理量。另外，还通过烟气集热炉顶，使高温烟气在高温循环烟道内循环流动，保证高温烟气温度不低于850° C时，并停留时间不小于2秒，达到国家标准的要求，有利于去除有害气体的排放，有效克服了现行的垃圾焚烧与高温烟气冷却为一体的结构，造成对焚烧炉内高温烟气温度的影响。
[0010] 在本新型中，所涉及的垃圾焚烧炉，其炉体是整体制成，或是分体组装而成，或是制成炉体框架，由耐火材料砌成。
[0011] 进一步地，在所述煤斗与焚烧供热区的燃烧室入口处装有煤闸板。
[0012] 在本新型中，位于焚烧供热区内的燃烧室和烘干引燃区内的烘干引燃室之间的垂落燃烧室，形成一个垂直落差燃烧段。这样，有利于以煤助燃焚烧垃圾的燃烧方式，将燃烧聚集的垃圾由上下落，不仅通过垂直落差燃烧段分散开垃圾，而且又在垂落的过程中与高温烟气逆流运动得到充分的燃烧。
[0013] 本新型具有的积极效果是：
[0014] I、采用的烘干引燃区，使其烘干引燃室内的高温烟气与垃圾物料彼此为逆向运动，增加了高温烟气与垃圾物料接触时间，使垃圾的含水量大大降低，蓬松的体积大大缩小，前部垃圾开始燃烧，从而提高了焚烧炉的焚烧效率。
[0015] 2、垂落焚烧区，采用垂落燃烧方法，使刚燃烧结陀的垃圾由给料炉排上下落，使垃 圾翻转并分散开，垂落的过程中与高温烟气逆流运动得到充分的燃烧。
[0016] 3、焚烧供热区，是以燃煤作为助燃原料，采用宽板链条焚烧炉排驱动燃烧的煤与燃烧的垃圾同步运行并燃烧，可保证炉膛内具有连续的平稳的燃烧温度，使垃圾得到充分的焚烧，有害物质得到消除，保证垃圾的处理量。
[0017] 4、烟气集热区炉顶，提高了高温烟气在炉顶内循环流动，保证高温烟气温度不低于850° C时，在炉顶内停留时间不小于2秒，达到国家标准的要求，减少有害气体的排放。
附图说明
[0018] 附图是本新型的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0019] 见附图给出的生活垃圾焚烧炉，包括由炉墙和覆盖拱围成由下至上的焚烧供热区A、垂落焚烧区B、烘干引燃区C、烟气集热区D的立式焚烧炉。焚烧炉体的四部分在施工时可一次整体成型。本新型所述的焚烧供热区A，包括储煤功能的煤斗3，该煤斗3与燃烧室I连通，本实施例的燃烧室I是由炉墙与呈倾斜的覆盖拱5围成，并在立式焚烧炉安装有煤斗3，与焚烧供热炉体的燃烧室I入口处装有用于调整进煤量的煤闸板4，位于煤斗3下部有对应的焚烧炉排2水平引入燃烧室I内，该焚烧炉排2运行方向前端下方装有破碎燃烧后形成垃圾块结和煤焦渣的破渣机6，使焚烧后的垃圾块结和煤焦渣运行至焚烧炉排2末端，落于破渣机6上处理后直接排出填埋。位于所述的焚烧供热区A上部是焚烧炉的垂落焚烧区B。该垂落焚烧区B具有由炉墙围成的垂落燃烧室7，将垂落过程中的生活垃圾与高温烟气混合燃烧。该垂落燃烧室7与焚烧供热炉体的燃烧室I连接相通。本实施例的垂落燃烧室7是位于焚烧供热区A内的燃烧室I和烘干引燃区内的烘干引燃室8之间形成一个垂直落差燃烧段，保证燃烧聚集的垃圾通过垂直落差燃烧段的垂落燃烧室7下落，有利于垃圾的翻落和分散，更好地与高温烟气逆流运动得到充分的燃烧。位于垂落焚烧区B的上部是烘干引燃区C。本新型的烘干引燃区，包括垃圾入料斗10，对应垃圾入料斗10底部安装有水平引入烘干引燃室8内的给料炉排9，所述的烘干引燃室8是由炉墙与覆盖拱11围成，烘干引燃室8与垂落焚烧区B的垂落燃烧室7连接相通。位于烘干引燃区C的上部是烟气集热区D的炉顶。本新型的烟气集热区D，具有迷宫式的高温循环烟道12，该高温循环烟道12是由炉墙与覆盖拱13围成，则在高温循环烟道12内部按间隔交错设置两道的隔墙15，所述高温循环烟道12有一个引出的烟气出口 14，和一个烟气入口 16，该烟气入口 16对应于其内的给料炉排9，所述的高温循环烟道12与烘干引燃室8、垂落燃烧室7、燃烧室I相连通。本新型的焚烧炉亦可作为独立生活垃圾处理设备，也可通过焚烧炉上的烟气出口 14与后续的烟气处理设备连接。
[0020] 本新型的焚烧炉体构成，也可以采用将四部分分体成型后再拼装的施工方法。
[0021] 根据应用特点，焚烧炉体还可是制成炉体框架，由耐火材料砌成。
[0022] 垃圾焚烧炉的处理：将生活垃圾投进垃圾入料斗10中，启动给料炉排9，调节给料炉排9上的生活垃圾按一定厚度堆放，停止给料炉排9的运行，然后将焚烧炉排2上的煤层点燃，通过外围配置的引风机及鼓风机调整风量，使焚烧炉内呈负压状态，待焚烧炉排2上的煤层燃烧稳定后，焚烧炉内温度控制在800° C以上时，再次启动给料炉排9将待处理的生活垃圾连续送入焚烧炉内。本焚烧炉的焚烧炉排2和给料炉排9的相对转速可采用变频控制系统调整。进煤量由煤闸板4控制调整，控制燃煤与生活垃圾的配比量适宜，此外，还 可通过对配套的鼓风机与各风室入风口调节，保持焚烧炉在稳定的状态下得到充分燃烧。
Claims (4)
1. 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉，其特征在于，包括由炉墙和覆盖拱围成的由下至上形成的焚烧供热区（A)、垂落焚烧区（B)、烘干引燃区（C)、烟气集热区D的立式焚烧炉；其中： 焚烧供热区（A)，包括煤斗（3)，与燃烧室（I)连通，位于煤斗（3)下部有对应的焚烧炉排（2)水平引入燃烧室（I)内，该焚烧炉排（2)运行方向前端有一破渣机（6);和 垂落焚烧区（B)，具有一垂落燃烧室（7)，与焚烧供热区的燃烧室（I)连通；和 烘干引燃区（C)，包括垃圾入料斗（10)，对应其底部安装水平引入烘干引燃室（8)内的给料炉排（9)，该烘干引燃室（8)与垂落焚烧区的垂落燃烧室（7)连通；和 烟气集热区D，具有迷宫式的高温循环烟道（12)，该高温循环烟道（12)有一个引出的烟气出口（14)，和一个烟气入口（16)，该烟气入口（16)与相连接的烘干引燃室（8)连通，并对应于其内的给料炉排（9 )。
2.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾焚烧炉，其特征在于，所述垃圾焚烧炉的炉体是整体制成，或是分体组装而成，或是制成炉体框架，由耐火材料砌成。
3.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾焚烧炉，其特征在于，在所述煤斗（3)与焚烧供热区(A)的燃烧室（I)入口处装有煤闸板（4)。
4.根据权利要求I所述的生活垃圾焚烧炉,其特征在于,位于焚烧供热区（A)内的燃烧室（I)和烘干引燃区（C)内的烘干引燃室（8)之间的垂落燃烧室（7)，形成一个垂直落差燃烧段。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109340760A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江世野节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种移动炉排气化焚烧一体化炉 |
| CN109506241A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-03-22 | 浙江世野节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种移动炉排气化焚烧一体化炉的气化焚烧方法 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109340760A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江世野节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种移动炉排气化焚烧一体化炉 |
| CN109506241A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-03-22 | 浙江世野节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种移动炉排气化焚烧一体化炉的气化焚烧方法 |
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