Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for 
  • B23P11/005—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for  by expanding or crimping
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
  • B23P9/02—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling
  • B23P9/025—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling to inner walls of holes by using axially moving tools
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
  • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
  • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
  • F16C35/067—Fixing them in a housing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C5/00—Crossheads; Constructions of connecting-rod heads or piston-rod connections rigid with crossheads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
  • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
  • B23P2700/04—Connecting rods
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2322/00—Apparatus used in shaping articles
  • F16C2322/14—Stamping, deep-drawing or punching, e.g. die sets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
  • F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for introducing a bearing bush in a bearing eye according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a device for
• the invention has the object, a method for introducing a bearing bush in a bearing eye, a device for carrying out the To provide method and a manufactured according to such a method or such a workpiece, which allows easy insertion of a bearing bush in a bearing eye.
• a bushing is first inserted into a bearing eye, this insertion can be done either with clearance or with a small interference fit, this surface compression is significantly lower than a press fit, which would be required to the bushing in operation against rotation secure in the bearing eye.
• the "loose" used bearing bush is processed by plastic forming, so that their
• the interference fit is produced by a forming step, which is carried out after inserting the bearing bush in the bearing eye. This has the
• the bushing can be prefabricated with much lower dimensional accuracy than in the conventional method, with lower requirements than in the prior art are also made in terms of surface finish and surface coating and on the bearing bush material.
• the inner circumference is brought to a predetermined level, which still does not have to be the final nominal size of the bearing bush inner diameter.
• the plastic forming by means of a rotating rolling tool, so that the bearing bush is rolled into the bearing eye.
• the rolling tool preferably has a plurality of circumferentially distributed rollers which are adjustably mounted in the radial direction. The security against rotation is further increased if a structuring is formed on the inner circumference of the bearing eye, as described, for example, in DE 103 25 910 B4 of the Applicant.
• the roughness of this structure is preferably in the range between 3 to 10 ⁇ , preferably between 5 to 7 ⁇ .
• the holding force can be further increased if at least one micro-recess is provided on the inner circumference of the bearing eye, in which material of the bearing bush is rolled during plastic forming.
• the bearing bush can - as indicated above - be used either with play or with a relatively small interference fit.
• the procedural effort is particularly low when the insertion of the bearing bush takes place by means of the rolling tool described.
• the method may include the following steps.
• the rolling tool dips into a bearing bush to be processed, wherein the enveloping circle diameter of the rolling tool is less than the inner diameter of the bearing bush.
• the rolling tool is adjusted radially, so that the bearing bush is held on the rolling tool.
• the rolling tool is radially adjusted to first produce a Reibhaftung between the bearing bush and the bearing eye and then einwalzen the bearing bush by a plastic deformation in a further radial adjustment.
• the rolling tool is returned in the radial direction and moved out of the bearing eye out.
• the bearing bush and accordingly also the bearing eye can be designed with axially longer and shorter peripheral portions. It can be advantageous, the rolling tool in the region of the shorter in the axial direction
• Finishing of the bearing bush done for example by spindling or smooth rolling.
• This finishing can be done on the same processing station or an additional processing station.
• a centering of the bearing eye is required.
• this centering was carried out by means of a precision boring machine, so that the relevant workpiece is aligned with the fine boring spindles.
• this centering takes place without an external station by means of the
• Centering mandrel done which dips during the rolling process in the other bearing eye, for example, the large bearing eye of the connecting rod.
• the centering can be done after rolling, for example.
• the large bearing eye is executed, can then be centered in the large connecting rod
• Centering be introduced with a 2-point centering, which fixes the connecting rod transversely to the connecting rod direction.
• the rolling tool is inserted into the small connecting rod eye. Since the rolling tool rests along the inner circumference, there is also a centering of the small bearing eye in the direction of the connecting rod.
• the 2-point centering also fixes the workpiece during rolling.
• This further processing can be done in all the described embodiments on a processing station, for example an inverse machine, on the example, bushingless connecting rods and connecting rods provided with bushings in small Connecting rod eye can be edited.
• a processing station for example an inverse machine
• bushingless connecting rods and connecting rods provided with bushings in small Connecting rod eye can be edited.
• smoothing / rolling in the inverse concept takes place via a multi-spindle rolling head.
• a multi-spindle rolling unit is then used instead of the multi-spindle rolling head.
• Socket wall thickness on the narrower side is slightly smaller than that on the wider side of the small connecting rod eye. This leads to the fact that the entire connecting rod is asymmetrical in the longitudinal direction. This asymmetry is then compensated in the above-described post-processing.
• a four-point centering can be used, by means of which the large connecting rod eye is fixed in position both in the connecting rod direction and transversely thereto.
• the centering of the small connecting rod eye is similar to the previous one
• Socket wall thickness is present.
• the above-described 2-point or 4-point support can of course also be made in other workpieces, which are designed with a provided with a bushing bearing eye and with another, effective as a centering recess.
• the insertion of the bearing bush and rolling is done with different tools;
• Rolling and centering are carried out on a processing unit, for example an inverse machine, on which the subsequent processing, for example, the unwinding is then carried out;
• a separate centering unit can be dispensed with - in the case of an inverse machine this is then designed with a multi-spindle rolling head and a centering multi-spindle head;
• the smooth rolling can be carried out by means of a tool, as described for example in DE 10 201 1 000 618 of the applicant.
• the device for carrying out the method has at least one station for inserting a bearing bush into a bearing eye and for plastic deformation of the bearing bush, so that it is received in the bearing eye with a predetermined interference fit.
• This insertion and reshaping can be done in a single station.
• the insertion of the bearing bush in the bearing eye can be done in a station of a first processing unit, which also has a break separation station. The plastic forming / rolling of the bearing bush in the bearing eye is then carried out with a further processing unit.
• the centering of the workpiece to be machined can, as explained, take place via its own centering unit or else via the rolling tool itself.
• further centering means may be present, which dive into a further bearing eye or a corresponding recess of the workpiece in order to center the workpiece and to secure against rotation even during rolling of the bearing bush.
• Centering can be done with 2-point centering or 4-point centering be.
• the Zentriernnittel is designed so that it allows centering and clamping.
• the plastic forming / rolling can be carried out by means of a rotating rolling tool having a plurality of circumferentially distributed rollers which are adjustably mounted in the radial direction.
• the device may be designed with a torque support.
• a connecting rod then preferably a connecting rod is supported against rotation.
• the workpiece according to the invention is preferably a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine.
• the bearing bush can be made from a sheet metal blank. Since a pressing in with high pressing forces in the bearing eye is not required, the bearing bush can be made uncoated. In conventional solutions, a coating, for example a zinc layer, has been provided to prevent damage to the bearing bush during the pressing.
• bearing bush can be understood to mean a component which is suitable for absorbing the radial and axial forces occurring in the bearing and is furthermore optimized with regard to optimum lubrication / tribology
• bearing bush and components are construed, which are designed only with a view to reducing friction and the optimization of lubrication properties - the absorption of forces can in such bushings - also called bearing sleeves - done by the device in which these bushings used are. That is, the "bearing bushing” is then optimized in terms of tribology - the actual bearing forces are essentially absorbed by the peripheral wall supporting the bearing bush.
• Figure 1 is a partial view of a connecting rod with a bearing bush according to the invention
• Figure 2 shows the bearing bush according to Figure 1 in a sectional view and a plan view
• FIG 3 shows the bearing bush of Figure 1 in its Blechabwicklung
• FIG. 4 shows a head of a rolling tool for rolling in the bearing bush according to FIGS. 2 and 3;
• Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a method with 2-point centering
• Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a method with 4-point centering
• FIG. 7a to 7e a schematic representation of the method steps during rolling of the bearing bush in the bearing eye of the connecting rod according to FIG. 1
• FIG. 1 shows a sectioned partial view of a connecting rod 1 of an internal combustion engine, wherein only a small connecting rod 2 and a part of a rod 4 are shown.
• the connecting rod 2 is designed as a Henkel basket connecting rod, in which the piston rod side peripheral portion of the connecting rod 2 is designed with a larger axial length L than the peripheral portion removed therefrom, which has an axial length I (see Figures 1 and 2).
• the transition between the regions with an axial length L and I takes place continuously.
• a bearing eye 6 of the small connecting rod 2 a bearing bush 8 is inserted, the contour of the
• FIG. 2a shows a section through the bearing bush 8
• Figure 2b is a plan view of the Bushing in Figure 1.
• FIG. 3 shows a development of the bearing bush 8.
• the bearing bush 8 is likewise designed with a section of maximum axial length L and a section of minimum axial length I corresponding to the geometry of the small connecting-rod eye 2, the "axial length" being in the direction of the axis 10 of the small connecting rod 2 is indicated.
• the bearing bush 8 is cylindrical.
• the bearing bush is rolled out of a sheet metal blank with the geometry shown in Figure 3a and then inserted into the bearing eye 6 (connecting rod bore). This insertion or pressing takes place in a variant of the invention with a comparatively low interference fit, wherein the press-fit produced at the given operating conditions is not sufficient to secure the bushing 8 sufficiently against rotation.
• the bushing 8 is made of a sheet metal blank having the thickness d ( Figure 3b) and then rolled around, the two end edges 18, 20, as indicated in Figure 2, along a joint 21 ( Figure 2a) are flush with each other - a welding or cohesive bonding does not take place.
• the sheet metal blank is preferably not provided with a protective layer, such as a zinc layer - as explained above, conventional bushings must be protected by a suitable surface finish against damage due to the large effective during pressing forces. This is not required in the bushing 8 according to the invention - of course, but this can also be used with a
• rolled round bushing 8 is inserted with a slight press fit into the small connecting rod 6 and then rolled by means of a rolling tool 22 shown in Figure 4 in the bearing eye 6.
• This only partially illustrated rolling tool 22 has a tool head with a stop 24, which during the rolling process on an end face portion 26 of the Pleuelauges 2 shown schematically in Figure 4 is seated and rotatably supported.
• An unillustrated shaft of the rolling tool 22 may be selected depending on the clamping systems of the respective processing unit.
• This rolling head 28 has a plurality of rollers 30 distributed around its circumference, which are held in position in a roller cage 32.
• the rollers 30 are tapered and are supported in the radial direction inside (not shown in Figure 4) on a cone located in the axis of the tool, which is in communication with the tool shank.
• the roller cage 32 with the rollers 30 is rotatable relative to the cone and axially displaceable by a limited amount.
• the rollers 30 and the cone are coordinated so that the rollers 30 form a cylindrical enveloping circle, so that the tool diameter measured over the rollers 30 over the entire length of the roller is the same.
• rollers 30 With a displacement of the roller cage 32 upwards, the rollers 30 are displaced on the axial cone, the diameter of which increases in an upward direction, so that correspondingly the enveloping circle diameter of the rolling head is increased.
• a spring housed in the above-mentioned circuit pushes down the roller cage 32, so that the enveloping circle diameter is minimum in the rest position of the rolling tool 22.
• the stop 24 can either with the plane end face portion 26 of the connecting rod 2 or even with a reference surface of a workpiece clamping device
• the rotating rolling tool 22 is inserted into the bearing bush 8 already used.
• the stop 24 is adjusted so that the rolling head 28 over the entire length of the rollers 30 in the collapsed state, d. h., Is retracted at the smallest Hüll Vietnamese bemesser in the connecting rod 2 when the stop 24 rests on the end face portion 26. Further displacement of the roller cage 32 in the axial direction is then no longer possible.
• Rolling tool 22 retracted at rapid traverse. In a first phase of the retraction, the rolling tool 22 collapses again to the smallest diameter (enveloping circle diameter minimum) and can then be pulled out of the bearing bush.
• End edges 18, 20 are flush with each other, tangential compressive residual stresses are built up in the order of the yield strength of the bushing material. These lead to the technically maximum possible joint pressure between bush and connecting rod.
• the socket can assume the negative shape of the opposite surface roughness profile in the peripheral surface of the bearing eye 6 in this state. Depending on the characteristics of this profile, this can result in a micro-form fit, which significantly increases the static friction under the above-described joint pressure.
• Pleuelauge there is the possibility to optimize the adhesive force or the adhesive torque.
• the adhesive force can for example be increased by the fact that in the
• Lagerauge predetermined structures for example by mechanical processing (honing, spindles) or by laser energy are introduced.
• Another or additional possibility is to form a micro-groove or the like in the circumferential wall of the bearing eye 6.
• a problem with the Henkel basket connecting rod described is that due to the different axial lengths of the bearing bushing 8, the rolling tool 22 in its entirety rests with its rollers 30 on the bearing bush 8 in some areas, while at the shorter peripheral portions of length I carries only a portion of the rollers 30. This can lead to the bushing 8 being deformed more strongly in the narrower region than in the wider region, since the surface pressure in the narrower region is correspondingly greater. If such non-uniform deformation is problematic, support elements can be provided which radially supports the rolling tool 22 or more precisely its rollers 30 in the narrower regions. This support is indicated in Figure 4 with the two arrows F.
• the jack wall thickness in the narrower area I is less than the jack wall thickness in the wider area L.
• Figure 5 shows a side view and a plan view of a connecting rod 1 with a large connecting rod 34 and the small connecting rod 2, in the bearing eye 6 the
• the small connecting rod 2 is designed as Henkelkorb- connecting rod with a narrow side and a wider side.
• the bushing 8 is then according to one of the strategies described either via its own Einpresstechnikmaschine or via the rolling tool 22 in the small
• Connecting rod eye 2 pressed or inserted.
• the centering of the small connecting rod 2 in the X and Y direction by the rolling tool 22.
• the connecting rod 1 is first centered, in which in the large connecting rod 34, a 4-point centering 38 is inserted, which then at the
• Peripheral wall of the large connecting rod eye 34 is lightly applied. Similar to the embodiment described above, after the press-fitting or insertion of the bearing bush 8, the small connecting rod eye 2 is centered by means of the rolling tool 22, which also easily on the inner peripheral wall of the not yet rolled
• the large connecting rod eye 34 is then tensioned via the 4-point centering 38 and the bearing bush 8 is rolled over the rolling tool 22.
• the rolling tool 22 returns to its receiving position for receiving a new bearing bush 8 and the 4-point centering 38 is relaxed, so that the still centered connecting rod 1 can be fed to a next processing step.
• the workpiece holder is moved out with the applied and centered connecting rods and guided to the next processing station.
• the above-described system causes with respect to the centering of the connecting rod 1 in the Y direction over-centering, which due to the exact support in Pleuellhursplatz the bushing wall thicknesses S1 and S2 after rolling in
• the loading of the rolling unit can be done by its own loading device or, in the inverse concept via a tensioning device, which is in principle also formed by the rolling tool 22 and the 4-point centering described, wherein, as mentioned above, for receiving the unprocessed connecting rods, the rolling tool can be moved in a receiving position.
• the bearing bush 8 is first pressed in a station “loose” and rolled in a further station in the bearing eye 6.
• a single station of a processing unit could be provided to perform the pressing and rolling.
• the centering, rolling in and also further processing can take place on a single processing unit, for example an inverse machine, on which also busheless connecting rods can be processed.
• the centering is then carried out via a Zentrieriolospindel köpf, while the rolling is done for the processing of several connecting rods via a multi-spindle roller unit.
• This is preferably located at that position of the inverse machine to which a multi-spindle rolling head is seated in a busheless connecting rod.
• the rolling-in process could take place on a subsequent processing unit, for example an inverse processing unit with four spindles, so that correspondingly four connecting rods are processed simultaneously.
• a subsequent processing unit for example an inverse processing unit with four spindles, so that correspondingly four connecting rods are processed simultaneously.
• rolling tool 22 and such a processing unit can be in principle, also use connecting rods without bushes, in which case via the rolling tool 22, a smoothing or rolling of the small bearing eye takes place.
• the bearing bush 8 is also inserted into the bearing eye 6 via the rolling tool 22.
• Figure 7a) shows the initial state.
• the bushing 8 with the inner diameter dßi and the
• Outer diameter D B i is provided in a suitable magazine.
• the rolling tool 22 is aligned via the control of the processing unit in the axial and radial direction to the provided bearing bush 8 and the cone retracted so far that the rollers 30 of the rolling head 28 are set to the minimum enveloping circle diameter D W E.
• the rolling tool 22 according to FIG 7b) is then moved in the Z direction until the rolling head 28 enters the bearing bush 8, wherein the enveloping circle diameter D W E smaller than the inner diameter dßi the
• Bearing bush 8 is. When immersing the rolling head 28 of the indicated stop 24 runs on a front side region of the bearing bush 8. As a result, the
• Bearing bush 8 rolled in the manner described above. As already explained above, it is advantageous if after setting the maximum enveloping circle diameter D W w, the rolling tool 22 still performs a few turns, so that the forming process is made uniform.
• the bearing bush 8 is then rolled into the bearing eye 2, wherein the diameter of the bearing eye D P then corresponds approximately to the outer diameter D B 2 of the bearing bush 8, wherein the explained
• rollers 30 are retracted again, so that the minimum enveloping circle diameter D W E results - the rolling tool 22 or more precisely whose rolling head 28 can then be moved out of the small connecting rod eye 2 without collision.
• the insertion and rolling of the bearing bush 8 takes place at a single station of a processing unit.
• This can for example also be designed with a break separation station and / or a laser station.
• a suitable torque support can be provided in order to avoid a rotation of the bearing bush 8.
• the inner diameter of the bearing bush can then be finely machined. This finishing can be done for example by smooth rolling (rolling) or spindles.
• the peripheral wall of the bearing eye 6 is machined with a predetermined roughness of, for example, 5 to 7 ⁇ .
• a structure by honing, spindles and / or laser structuring can also be introduced to improve the adhesion by micro-toothing.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
• Automatic Assembly (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=47222028

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2012
  • 2012-11-02 BR BR112014010596A patent/BR112014010596A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-11-02 KR KR1020147014784A patent/KR20140088598A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-11-02 MX MX2014004970A patent/MX2014004970A/es unknown
  • 2012-11-02 EP EP12790815.0A patent/EP2750826A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-11-02 DE DE202012013324.1U patent/DE202012013324U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2012-11-02 CN CN201280053733.0A patent/CN103906599B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-11-02 WO PCT/EP2012/071749 patent/WO2013064655A1/de active Application Filing

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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