EP2737513A1 - Relais électromagnétique - Google Patents

Relais électromagnétique

Info

Publication number
EP2737513A1
EP2737513A1 EP12735198.9A EP12735198A EP2737513A1 EP 2737513 A1 EP2737513 A1 EP 2737513A1 EP 12735198 A EP12735198 A EP 12735198A EP 2737513 A1 EP2737513 A1 EP 2737513A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping
electromagnetic relay
relay
leg
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12735198.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2737513B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Naumann
Reiner Bindig
Alfons Kelnberger
Hans-Jürgen SCHREINER
Peter Stingl
Peter Meckler
Markus Birner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
Ceramtec GmbH
Original Assignee
Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
Ceramtec GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH, Ceramtec GmbH filed Critical Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
Publication of EP2737513A1 publication Critical patent/EP2737513A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2737513B1 publication Critical patent/EP2737513B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/12—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in both directions due to the energisation of one or the other of two electromagnets without the storage of energy to effect the return movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/32—Latching movable parts mechanically
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
    • H01H2057/003—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays the relay being latched in actuated position by magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H01H50/26—Parts movable about a knife edge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/645—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part making a resilient or flexible connection
    • H01H50/646—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part making a resilient or flexible connection intermediate part being a blade spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/08—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet
    • H01H51/082—Contacts alternately opened and closed by successive cycles of energisation and de-energisation of the electromagnet, e.g. by use of a ratchet using rotating ratchet mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/127—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive trip units

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic relay, in particular a motor vehicle relay, with a magnetic yoke and with a relay coil and with a pivotable about an axis hinged armature, is held as a working or changeover a moving contact against at least a first fixed contact.
  • a relay as it is often used in particular in a motor vehicle as an electromagnetic switch is activated via a control circuit in which the relay coil is located, and usually switches at least one other circuit, in the example, an electric motor, a gasoline pump or often safety-related vehicle components , For example, a fuel injection system, is connected.
  • a monostable relay requires a permanent current flow through the relay coil (excitation winding) both to attract and hold the armature to assume and maintain the working position (ON). If the current flow is interrupted, the relay goes autonomously into its rest position (OFF).
  • a bistable relay may have two different stable states in the de-energized state, for which it switches over to a current pulse generated in the control circuit in the other switching state and this maintains until the next control pulse. The bistable relay must therefore be activated actively in order to reach a defined switching position.
  • low-power relays with low-power relay actuation are desired or required, especially since power losses and, in particular, long-term losses cause a correspondingly increased CO 2 emission of the motor vehicle.
  • low-power relay it is known from DE 43 25 619 A1, two relays in a first phase, in which a comparatively large tightening voltage for the armature is required, in parallel and following the closing of the working circle contact in a second phase, in the only a comparatively low holding voltage is required to connect in series.
  • a switch bridges a holding resistor which adjusts the holding current of the field winding of the relay.
  • a comparatively large starting current is available at the first moment when the field winding is switched on.
  • the relay control is designed to control the exciting current in the relay energization by means of a switch so that a starting current flows through the exciter winding and after holding a starting time, a holding current which is smaller than the pull-in current.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a preferably suitable as a motor vehicle relay electromagnetic relay that works as low as possible, especially in hold mode (ON).
  • the relay has a moving or changeover contact and thus forms a hybrid system with monostable behavior with only very low power consumption.
  • the moving or changeover contact is preferably kept closed by means of the piezoelectric actuator in the energized exciter winding via the hinged armature against which the moving contact in the form of a spring contact bears in a spring-biased manner.
  • the relay according to the invention is thus comparable to a bistable system according to the principle of holding operation.
  • the relay coil or field winding is currentless in contrast to a conventional monostable relay.
  • the piezoelectric actuator only needs a short current flow when it is driven, while only a voltage has to be present thereafter at only a very small leakage current (holding operation). Since the piezoelectric actuator thus operates almost without power and the relay coil is de-energized, the relay according to the invention in the holding operation also operates practically without power.
  • the hybrid piezo relay system provided thereby is particularly suitable for safe switching.
  • the monostable behavior ensures that the piezo relay in case of power failure, especially in case of failure of the vehicle electrical system voltage of a motor vehicle, reliably autonomously passes into a defined state. Since the piezoelectric actuator only maintains the contact closure in the hold mode and in the case of a currentless relay coil, as long as its drive voltage is applied, a spontaneous contact opening takes place when the drive voltage drops as a result of the voltage drop of the supply or vehicle electrical system voltage.
  • the relay according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the automotive sector, since the low power loss associated with a corresponding CO 2 - saving the motor vehicle.
  • the temperature development of the relay coil of the hybrid piezo relay system according to the invention ie the operating temperature in comparison to conventional relays considerably lower and approximately room temperature. This offers the considerable advantage of a particularly flexible or variable design of the installation space for the piezo relay.
  • a piezoelectric actuator piezoelectric Elongator
  • a piezoelectric actuator piezoelectric Elongator
  • a piezoelectric actuator piezoelectric Elongator
  • a piezoactuator embodied in particular as a piezoelectric bending transducer replaces the Excitation winding or coil and acts directly on the working contact.
  • a piezoelectric actuator which engages in direct mechanical contact on the hinged armature.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is used, in addition to or as an alternative to a pole leg of a U-shaped magnetic yoke surrounding excitation winding for lifting the hinged armature of the pole face to support a flap armature acting on the mechanical return spring to overcome an undesirable adhesive force.
  • the piezoelectric actuator of the relay according to the invention is preferably designed as a (piezo) stack actuator (stack) whose power stroke direction runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the hinged armature.
  • a lever transmission is suitably provided, which converts the power stroke into a clamping stroke for the releasable fixing of a tensioning element held on the traction contact side.
  • the transmission ratio is suitably 2: 1, so that a force stroke of the piezoelectric actuator of, for example,> 15 pm leads to a clamping stroke of 30 ⁇ m.
  • the one-sided on the hinged armature or moving contact (changeover or changeover) held tension element is guided rudd lake in an advantageous embodiment in a nip and held there non-positively due to the activation of the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the nip is preferably provided on the magnetic yoke.
  • a slot is provided which extends radially relative to the relay coil and is interrupted or closed at a suitable location by a narrow web formed by the magnetic yoke material.
  • a lever arm acted upon by the latter and, in the other direction, a clamping arm of a clamping lever pivoting about the pivot point are formed in the other direction.
  • the length of the clamping arm is preferably greater than, preferably at least twice as large as the length of the lever arm.
  • the piezoactuator acting on the clamping lever is supported on a support leg whose distance from the clamping lever is adapted to the actuator height of the piezoactuator.
  • an axial functional leg extending at right angles to the radial pole leg is preferably provided with a U-shaped receiving pocket for the piezoactuator.
  • the mutually parallel U-legs go into the supporting leg or in the clamping leg of the pole leg over.
  • the hinged armature is articulated about the axis of rotation.
  • this is formed by a bead-like clamping groove in which the tension element rests securely.
  • a clamping cam which engages in the clamping groove, is expediently provided on the clamping lever, while the clamping groove is then located on the opposite gap side on the remaining pole leg of the magnetic yoke.
  • the moving contact is preferably designed as a spring contact for generating a force acting on the hinged armature spring restoring force.
  • an approximately L-shaped spring element is suitably bent or shaped, wherein one of the bent spring legs are fixed to the functional leg of the magnetic yoke and the other spring legs on the hinged armature.
  • the piezoelectric actuator Since the piezoelectric actuator is known to behave similarly to a capacitor in the current consumption, on the one hand only at the moment of generation of the clamping force, a current flow is required. On the other hand, for safe release of the clamping in case of failure of the control voltage for driving the piezoelectric actuator that is connected in parallel with a suitable ohmic resistance. This ensures that the relay safely transitions to the predetermined state, in particular by a correspondingly reliable opening of the normally open contact or by a contact change in the case of a changeover contact.
  • the components of the relay according to the invention are preferably mounted reliably sealed in a relay housing formed from a device base and a housing cap.
  • both the relay coil and the piezoelectric actuator a preferably common control electronics genzouseintem assigned. From the housing base the working or changeover contacts and the control contacts for the electronics are led out as a flat plug connections. The connections of the piezoelectric actuator are connected inside the housing to the electronics.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an electromagnetic relay with a relay coil in a magnetic yoke with pivotable hinged armature and a piezoelectric actuator, which holds a working or switching contact with currentless excitation winding by means of a tension element
  • Fig. 2 in a detailed side view of the yoke with the formation of a
  • FIG. 4 shows a further perspective view of the electromagnetic relay with a view of the working or switching contact and on the tension element
  • Fig. 5 is a first exploded view of the relay with teilmont Arthurm
  • Housing base separated yoke and relay coil and a housing cap
  • Fig. 6 shows the relay in a differentiated exploded view
  • Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the electromagnetic relay.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the relay 1 with a magnetic yoke 2 with pivotable about an axis of rotation 3 hinged armature 4, to which a moving contact 5 is held.
  • the moving contact 5 is in the closed position with a fixed contact (normally closed contact) 6a and in the open position to another fixed contact (normally open contact) 6b, so that a total of a change or changeover contact is formed.
  • the relay coil 7 Between the hinged armature 4 and a parallel pole leg 2a of the L-shaped yoke 2 is the relay coil 7 hereinafter referred to as the exciter winding with its magnetic core 8. Relative to the relay coil 7 extend the magnetic core 8 and a functional leg 2b of the magnetic yoke 2 in the axial direction x while the hinged armature 4 and the pole leg 2a of the magnetic yoke 2 in this respect extends in the radial direction y. In the vicinity of the functional leg 2b and the transition between this and the pole leg 2a of the magnetic yoke 2 is a piezoelectric actuator 9. This is designed as a piezo stack actuator (stack).
  • a tension element 10 which is also referred to below as a clamping spring and spans the open side of the U-shaped magnet yoke 2 and, on the one hand, on the folding arm.
  • ker 4 and on the other hand on the pole leg 2a of the magnetic yoke 2 is held.
  • the hinged armature 4 associated spring end 10a of the tension element 10 is held permanently on the hinged armature 4, while the opposite clamping end 10b of the tension element 10 in a provided in the pole leg 2a nip 1 1 (Fig. 2) with tightened hinged armature 4 and thus closed contacts 5, 6a is fixed in a clamp.
  • the relay coil 7 can be controlled without current, without the hinged armature 4 drops and consequently the contact 5, 6a opens.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of the pole leg 2a of the magnetic yoke 2 formed on a pole piece 2a clamping lever 12 which is formed by a radially extending y longitudinal slot 13 in the pole leg 2a.
  • a material web 14 is present or remained, which forms a pivot point about the dashed line indicated axis of rotation 15 and closes the longitudinal slot 13 practically locally.
  • a clamping arm b is formed between the pivot point or axis of rotation 15 and the location of the piezoelectric actuator 9 thus creates a lever arm a, while between the pivot point 14 and the nip 11, a clamping arm b is formed.
  • the clamping arm b is approximately twice as long as the lever arm a (b> 2a).
  • a support leg 16 is inserted into the magnetic yoke 2, where the actuated as a result of the control of the clamping lever 12 piezoelectric actuator 9 is supported.
  • the clamping force generated by the piezoelectric actuator 9 F K and the stroke direction in the z-direction, while the clamping lever 12 forming longitudinal slot 13 extends in the radial direction y.
  • nip 1 1 a clamping groove 1 1 a introduced, in which the clamping end 10b of the tension element 10 rests and thus against a Swiveling in the radial direction y is secured.
  • the clamping groove 1 1a engages a clamping cam 11 b with the interposition of the clamping end 10b of the tension element 10, which is connected to the
  • Clamping lever 12 and there to the free end of the clamping arm b is formed.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 show a preferred embodiment of the relay 1 according to the invention in various perspective views (FIGS. 3 and 4) and in different detailed exploded views (FIGS. 5 and 6).
  • the traction element 10 clamped in the clamping gap 11 and clamped at its clamping end 10d is comparatively clearly visible.
  • the magnet core 8 riveted on the pole leg 2a, which passes through the relay coil or field winding 7 and can be seen with a head 17 (FIG ) is supported on the armature side on a bobbin or carrier 18 (FIG. 4).
  • a U-shaped receiving pocket 19 is inserted into the functional leg 2b of the magnetic yoke 2.
  • Their mutually parallel U-legs 19a and 19b go over in the (upper) clamping leg 12 and in the (lower) support leg 16 of the pole piece 2a.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 9 is contacted with contact elements 20a, 20b, which in turn are connected to an electronics 21 for relay control.
  • contact elements 22a, 22b Connected to the electronics 21 are also contact elements 22a, 22b, which are contacted in a manner not shown with the winding ends of the relay coil 7.
  • These contact elements 22a, 22b are fixed in the bobbin 18, as shown in FIG. 6 can be seen.
  • the electronics 21 is also connected to control terminals 23a, 23b, which are shown in Fig. 6.
  • the moving contact 5 is designed as a spring contact.
  • an L-shaped spring element 24 has a spring leg 24a held on the functional leg 2b of the magnetic yoke, and a further spring leg 24b, which is guided on the outside of the hinged armature 4 facing away from the relay coil 7 and connected thereto.
  • the spring element 24 and thus the spring or moving contact 5 causes a restoring force F R on the hinged armature 4 in the x-direction, so that it falls supportive by the corresponding spring force when both the relay coil 7 de-energized and the piezoelectric actuator 9 dead and thus the nip 1 is opened.
  • the illustrated and described components and components of the relay 1 are mounted on or on a housing base 25 which is covered in the final assembly state by means of a housing cap 26 preferably dirt and moisture-proof.
  • a housing base 25 which is covered in the final assembly state by means of a housing cap 26 preferably dirt and moisture-proof.
  • at least one contact terminal K4 (coil contact terminal) of the relay coil 7 and a contact terminal K5 (changeover contact) of the moving or changeover or switching contact 5 led out.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the electromagnetic piezo-relay 1 is shown according to the invention.
  • a switching circuit or path 27, into which a load 28, for example a gasoline pump or an electric motor, in series with the working con Clock 6b is connected between the positive pole and the negative pole or ground of a supply voltage Uv is switched isolated from a control circuit or path 29 of the relay 1. While FIG. 4 shows the electromagnetic relay 1 in the ON state, the OFF state is shown in FIG.
  • the electronics 21 is supplied with a control voltage Us, which is obtained in a motor vehicle from the electrical system voltage.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 9 is an ohmic resistor R electrically connected in parallel to solve the failure of the control voltage Us, the clamping of the tension element 10 in the nip 11 safely. In such an error case, the moving contact 5 moves from the closing or working state shown in the safe switching state with contacting the changeover contact 6b.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un relais électromagnétique (1), en particulier un relais de véhicule automobile, comprenant : une culasse magnétique (2); une bobine de relais (7); une armature mobile (4) pivotant autour d'un axe de rotation (3), contre laquelle un contact mobile (5) en tant que contact de travail ou à deux directions par rapport au ou aux premiers contacts fixes (6a) est retenu; et un actionneur piézoélectrique (9) retenant de manière fermée le contact de travail ou à deux directions (5, 6a, 6b) une fois qu'il a été commandé, dans le cas d'une bobine de relais sans courant (7).
EP12735198.9A 2011-07-29 2012-06-20 Relais électromagnétique Active EP2737513B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011108949A DE102011108949A1 (de) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Elektromagnetisches Relais
PCT/EP2012/002586 WO2013017182A1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2012-06-20 Relais électromagnétique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2737513A1 true EP2737513A1 (fr) 2014-06-04
EP2737513B1 EP2737513B1 (fr) 2016-03-23

Family

ID=46513684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12735198.9A Active EP2737513B1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2012-06-20 Relais électromagnétique

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (2) US9224562B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2737513B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6215201B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101615321B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104025239B (fr)
AU (1) AU2012289769B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2843481C (fr)
DE (2) DE102011108949A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2737513T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2577008T3 (fr)
SG (1) SG2014006704A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013017182A1 (fr)

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WO2017187493A1 (fr) * 2016-04-26 2017-11-02 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de commutateur électromagnétique pour démarreur

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AU2012289769B2 (en) 2016-10-06
CN104025239A (zh) 2014-09-03
AU2012289769A1 (en) 2014-02-20
KR101615321B1 (ko) 2016-04-26
DE202011110339U1 (de) 2013-08-29
US20150371800A1 (en) 2015-12-24
US9224562B2 (en) 2015-12-29
US20140145803A1 (en) 2014-05-29
CA2843481C (fr) 2018-12-18
CA2843481A1 (fr) 2013-02-07
SG2014006704A (en) 2014-09-26
DK2737513T3 (en) 2016-07-04
CN104025239B (zh) 2017-02-15
ES2577008T3 (es) 2016-07-12
WO2013017182A1 (fr) 2013-02-07
DE102011108949A1 (de) 2013-01-31
JP6215201B2 (ja) 2017-10-18
EP2737513B1 (fr) 2016-03-23
KR20140063648A (ko) 2014-05-27
JP2014524127A (ja) 2014-09-18

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