EP2691722B1 - Wärmetauscherrohr und entsprechendes herstellungsverfahren für wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Wärmetauscherrohr und entsprechendes herstellungsverfahren für wärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2691722B1
EP2691722B1 EP12713117.5A EP12713117A EP2691722B1 EP 2691722 B1 EP2691722 B1 EP 2691722B1 EP 12713117 A EP12713117 A EP 12713117A EP 2691722 B1 EP2691722 B1 EP 2691722B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
strip
thickness
zones
portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP12713117.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2691722A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Zanchetta
Jean-Jacques Garcia
François Beideler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Publication date
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Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Publication of EP2691722A1 publication Critical patent/EP2691722A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/06—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of metal tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49391—Tube making or reforming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger tube, according to the preamble of claim 1 in particular for motor vehicles, a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of such tubes, and a method for obtaining such a tube.
  • a tube is known to FR 2 923 591 .
  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, especially for motor vehicles.
  • the heat exchangers conventionally comprise a bundle of tubes and two collector plates traversed by the ends of the tubes of the bundle of tubes and capped by covers of fluid distribution boxes. Interlayers may be provided between the tubes of said bundle to improve heat exchange.
  • the heat exchanger tubes can be subjected to many stresses such as a high speed impact with an object (for example, a gravel) coming from the external environment.
  • the heat exchanger tubes are therefore subjected to external stresses.
  • the tubes are also solicited from the inside by the flow of the fluid. Indeed, in operation, the tubes are subjected to thermal stresses, pressure, expansion.
  • a known solution is to allow the tube to withstand such an impact so as to avoid any leakage of fluid, or to internal stresses, increasing locally the thickness of the tube wall when it is a tube extruded.
  • the reinforcement of the tube can not be carried out simple way by an over-thickness of material as is the case for an extruded tube.
  • bent tubes there is known for example a solution according to which the wall of the tube is folded several times on itself horizontally at a side or nose of the tube increasing the thickness of material in the tube nose.
  • a disadvantage lies in the fact that the height of the tube is thus a function of the material thickness thereof and corresponds to the number of plies.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a solution for a bent tube providing the tube with sufficient resistance to external stresses and internal stresses without presenting the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger tube made by folding a metal strip characterized in that said strip has a variable thickness between at least a first thickness and at least a second thickness greater than said first thickness, and in that said tube has first thinned zones and second reinforced zones situated at places of strong mechanical stress, said first zones being formed by first portions of said first thickness strip and said second reinforced zones being formed by second portions of said strip of second thickness.
  • the invention also relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a bundle of tubes as defined above.
  • said metal strip is cut to a desired length after folding.
  • the metal strip can be thinned locally by rolling.
  • the method comprises a preliminary step of cutting said metal strip to a desired length before folding.
  • the metal strip can be thinned locally by stamping.
  • said metal strip is folded so as to form a tube having a cross section substantially "B", defining two parallel channels of fluid circulation, delimited by a partition.
  • the invention relates to tubes 1 for heat exchangers.
  • radiators for heating are radiators for cooling, charge air cooling radiators, or even air conditioning condensers for motor vehicles.
  • a heat exchanger 3 conventionally comprises a bundle of longitudinal tubes 1 (cf. Figures 1 and 2a ) mounted between two distribution casings in which a first fluid circulates, via manifold plates 5 (shown partially and schematically) arranged transversely to the tubes 1 and having orifices (not shown) for receiving the ends of these tubes 1.
  • Disrupters 7 ( figure 2a ), for example of substantially undulating shape, can be arranged inside the tubes 1 so as to disturb the flow of the first fluid in the tubes 1 by increasing the exchange surface.
  • These disruptors 7 are for example brazed to the tubes 1 at the vertices 7a of their corrugations and for example at the ends 7b of the disrupters 7.
  • the tubes 1 can be separated from each other by interlayers 9 ( figure 1 ), for example corrugated, traversed by the second fluid for a heat exchange with the first fluid.
  • interlayers 9 for example corrugated, traversed by the second fluid for a heat exchange with the first fluid.
  • These spacers 9 are in the illustrated example disposed transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 1.
  • the various metallic constituents of such a heat exchanger 3 can be assembled and then soldered by passing through a brazing furnace to ensure the joining of all the constituents.
  • Such a tube 1 is made from a metal strip 11 ( figure 3a ).
  • the strip 11 is represented diagrammatically and illustratively on the figure 3a .
  • This metal strip 11 is thinned ( figure 3b ) then folded. This is called “folded tube”.
  • the metal strip 11 has two opposite edges 11a, 11b which are connected to form the folded tube 1 shown in FIG. figure 2b .
  • the metal strip 11 ( Figures 3a, 3b ) is preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • the metal strip is for example aluminum or copper.
  • the metal strip 11 is for example of generally rectangular shape and comprises a first face called outer face 13 and a second face said inner face 15 parallel to the outer face 13 and opposite thereto.
  • the terms “internal” and “external” are defined with respect to the inside and outside of the folded tube 1.
  • the metal strip 11 (cf. figure 3b ) has a variable thickness. This variable thickness can be obtained by localized thinning of the strip 11, for example by rolling.
  • the band 11 has first portions P1 and second portions P2 of different thickness. These portions P1, P2 are schematically illustrated on the figure 3b and the dimensions of the strip 11 and portions P1, P2 are not to scale.
  • the first portions P1 have a thickness e 1 smaller than the thickness e 2 of the second portions P2.
  • the thickness e 2 is of the order of 0.23 mm and the thickness e 1 is of the order of 0.15 mm.
  • first portions P1 and second portions P2 are defined as a function of the force exerted on the bent tube 1.
  • the thicknesses e 1 and e 2 are therefore determined as a function of this effort.
  • first portions P1 are intended to form first zones Z1 of the tube 1
  • second portions P2 are intended to form second zones Z2.
  • the second zones Z2 of greater thickness e 2 are thus reinforced with respect to the first zones Z1 of thinner thickness e 1 which are called thinned zones.
  • the second zones Z2 correspond to the zones of the tube 1 which are the most solicited.
  • the tube 1 formed has a cross section substantially "B".
  • other sections may be provided, for example of substantially oblong shape.
  • the cross-section at "B" of the tube 1 illustrated has two parallel fluid circulation channels juxtaposed 17a and 17b and separated by a partition 19 forming a spacer.
  • the metal strip 11 is folded so as to form the envelope of the two parallel channels juxtaposed 17a and 17b. More specifically, the metal strip 11 is folded so that its inner face 15 delimits the two channels 17a, 17b.
  • the partition 19 is for example made by folding substantially 90 ° two opposite edges 11a and 11b of the metal strip 11, for example the longitudinal edges of the strip 11. Then, these folded edges 11a, 11b are backed against each other. the other to jointly form the partition 19.
  • the outer face 13 at the edge 11a is opposite the outer face 13 at the opposite edge 11b.
  • a "B" folded tube has been described here. Of course, one can provide any type of folding or electro-welded tubes.
  • junction zone of the borders 11a, 11b of the metal strip to form the tube 1 can be solicited and is according to the example shown a second reinforced zone Z2.
  • the opposite edges 11a, 11b may be second portions P2 of second thickness e 2 of the strip 11.
  • the latter thus has a second reinforced zone Z2.
  • This second reinforced zone Z2 is obtained by folding the edges 11a, 11b of thickness e 2 and joining these folded edges 11a, 11b.
  • the end faces of the edges 11a, 11b are substantially in contact with the inner face 15 of the metal strip 11.
  • the outer face 13 of the band 11 forms the outer surface 21 of the tube 1 thus formed, and the inner face 15 of the band 11 forms the inner surface 23 of the tube 1 thus formed.
  • the inner surface 23 at this contact zone corresponds to a second portion P2 of the strip 11 so as to form a second reinforced zone Z2.
  • the outer surface 21 of the folded tube 1 has two large outer faces 21a, 21b opposite and which are connected by two small side faces 21c and 21d, for example substantially curved.
  • the small side faces 21c, 21d of connection form second zones Z2 of the tube 1.
  • the strip 11 is folded at two second portions P2.
  • the metal strip 11 is then thinned before being folded to form the tube 1 which has, according to the illustrated example, legs of a first thickness e 1 forming the large lateral faces 21a, 21b of the shape "B" outside the borders 11a, 11b of the metal strip 11 and also outside the inner surface 23 intended to be in contact with the ends of these edges 11a, 11b a folded band 11.
  • These legs forming first zones Z1 thinned.
  • a tube 1 folded so as to define a single fluid circulation channel it is possible to provide a tube 1 folded so as to define a single fluid circulation channel.
  • the metal strip 11 is folded so as to form an envelope of this channel, this strip 11 being folded at a second portion P2 of the strip 11 so as to form a second reinforced zone Z2 of the tube 1 folded .
  • edges 11a, 11b of the band can be folded and leaning against each other.
  • the junction of the borders 11a, 11b can also form a second zone Z2 reinforced tube; the edges 11a, 11b being for example formed at second portions P2 of the strip 11.
  • the borders 11a, 11b of the strip 11 can be superimposed.
  • a first step E1 the metal strip 11 is thinned locally.
  • first portions P1 with a first thickness e 1 and second portions P2 with a second thickness e 2 higher. These portions are determined according to the bending to be performed and areas of the tube 1 once formed which are the most stressed.
  • This thinning can for example be done by rolling.
  • the first portions P1 are for example passed between two rollers to reduce their thickness to the desired thickness e 1 , for example 0.15 mm with respect to an initial thickness of 0.23 mm.
  • the strip 11 is bent or bent at at least a second portion P2 of the strip 11.
  • This folding can be done by continuous scrolling of the metal strip 11 in a roller train.
  • the strip 11 is folded at the two intermediate portions P2.
  • the thinning step can be done during the folding of the strip 11.
  • a junction is made at at least two second portions P2 so as to form the folded tube 1.
  • the two end portions P2 forming the borders 11a and 11b of the strip 11 are folded for example substantially at 90 °, and then these edges 11a are supported, 11b folded against each other to jointly form the partition 19 defining the two channels 17a, 17b.
  • the metal strip 11 can be cut to the desired length.
  • the metal strip is cut beforehand to the desired length.
  • the cut strip 11 can be thinned locally by stamping or "stamping" in English.
  • Each piece of cut strip 11 can then be folded, for example by passing through a roller train.
  • this folding can be done so as to obtain a tube folded substantially "B", or any other form.
  • the tube 1 then has first thinned zones Z1 and reinforced second zones Z2, the first zones Z1 being formed by first portions P1 of the strip 11 and the second reinforced zones Z2 being formed by second portions P2 of said strip 11 of greater thickness than the first portions P1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Wärmetauscherrohr, das durch Biegen eines Metallstreifens (11) hergestellt wird, wobei der Streifen (11) eine zwischen mindestens einer ersten Dicke (e1) und mindestens einer zweiten Dicke (e2) größer als die erste Dicke (e1) variable Dicke aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - das Rohr erste verdünnte Bereiche (Z1) und zweite verstärkte Bereiche (Z2) aufweist, die sich an Stellen großer mechanischer Beanspruchung befinden, wobei die ersten Bereiche (Z1) von ersten Abschnitten (P1) erster Dicke (e1) des Streifens und die zweiten verstärkten Bereiche (Z2) von zweiten Abschnitten (P2) zweiter Dicke (e2) des Streifens (11) gebildet werden,
    - der Streifen (11) gegenüberliegende Randleisten (11a, 11b) zweiter Dicke (e2) aufweist, und
    - das Rohr einen zweiten verstärkten Bereich (Z2) aufweist, der durch Umbiegen der Randleisten (11a, 11b) und durch Verbinden der umgebogenen Randleisten (11a, 11b) erhalten wird, und
    - es zwei gegenüberliegende große Seitenflächen (21a, 21b) aufweist, die durch zwei kleine Seitenflächen (21c, 21d) verbunden sind, wobei die kleinen Seitenflächen (21c, 21d) zweite verstärkte Bereiche (Z2) sind.
  2. Rohr nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die variable Dicke des Streifens (11) durch lokalisierte Verdünnung des Streifens (11) erhalten wird.
  3. Rohr nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Querschnitt im Wesentlichen in Form eines "B" aufweist, der zwei parallele Fluidzirkulationskanäle (17a, 17b) definiert, die von einer Trennwand (19) begrenzt werden.
  4. Rohr nach Anspruch 3 in Kombination mit Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennwand (19) durch Verbindung der umgebogenen Randleisten (11a, 11b) des metallischen Streifens (11) gebildet wird.
  5. Rohr nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens einen Kontaktbereich zwischen mindestens einer Randleiste (11a, 11b) des Streifens (11) und der Innenfläche (23) des ausgehend vom umgebogenen Streifen (11) gebildeten Rohrs (1) aufweist, wobei die mindestens eine Randleiste (11a, 11b) und die Innenfläche (23) je zweite verstärkte Bereiche (Z2) bilden.
  6. Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ein Bündel von Rohren (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche enthält.
  7. Verfahren zum Erhalt eines Wärmetauscherrohrs (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte enthält:
    - ein metallischer Streifen (11) wird lokal verdünnt, um erste Abschnitte (P1) erster Dicke (e1) und zweite Abschnitte (P2) zweiter Dicke (e2) größer als die erste Dicke (e1) zu bilden,
    - der metallische Streifen (11) wird im Bereich mindestens eines zweiten Abschnitts (P2) gebogen, und
    - es wird eine Verbindung (19) im Bereich von mindestens zwei zweiten Abschnitten (P2) des Streifens (11) hergestellt, um ein Rohr (1) zu bilden, das erste verdünnte Bereiche (Z1) und zweite verstärkte Bereiche (Z2) aufweist, die sich an Stellen großer mechanischer Beanspruchung befinden, wobei die ersten Bereiche (Z1) von ersten Abschnitten (P1) erster Dicke (e1) des Streifens und die zweiten verstärkten Bereiche (Z2) von zweiten Abschnitten (P2) zweiter Dicke (e2) des Streifens (11) gebildet werden, wobei der Streifen (11) gegenüberliegende Randleisten (11a, 11b) zweiter Dicke (e2) aufweist, wobei das Rohr aufweist:
    • einen zweiten verstärkten Bereich (Z2), der durch Umbiegen der Randleisten (11a, 11b) und durch Verbinden der umgebogenen Randleisten (11a, 11b) erhalten wird, und
    • zwei gegenüberliegende große Seitenflächen (21a, 21b), die durch zwei kleine Seitenflächen (21c, 21d) verbunden sind, wobei die kleinen Seitenflächen (21c, 21d) verstärkte zweite Bereiche (Z2) sind.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der metallische Streifen (11) nach dem Biegen auf eine gewünschte Länge geschnitten wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der metallische Streifen (11) lokal durch Walzen verdünnt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen vorhergehenden Schritt des Schneidens des metallischen Streifens (11) auf eine gewünschte Länge vor dem Biegen enthält.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der metallische Streifen (11) lokal durch Tiefziehen verdünnt wird.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der metallische Streifen (11) so gebogen wird, dass ein Rohr (1) mit einem Querschnitt im Wesentlichen in Form eines "B" gebildet wird, das zwei parallele Fluidzirkulationskanäle (17a, 17b) definiert, die von einer Trennwand (19) begrenzt werden.
EP12713117.5A 2011-03-31 2012-03-30 Wärmetauscherrohr und entsprechendes herstellungsverfahren für wärmetauscher Revoked EP2691722B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1152705A FR2973490B1 (fr) 2011-03-31 2011-03-31 Tube pour echangeur thermique, echangeur thermique et procede d'obtention correspondants
PCT/EP2012/055790 WO2012131038A1 (fr) 2011-03-31 2012-03-30 Tube pour echangeur thermique, echangeur thermique et procede d'obtention correspondants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2691722A1 EP2691722A1 (de) 2014-02-05
EP2691722B1 true EP2691722B1 (de) 2018-02-07

Family

ID=45937351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12713117.5A Revoked EP2691722B1 (de) 2011-03-31 2012-03-30 Wärmetauscherrohr und entsprechendes herstellungsverfahren für wärmetauscher

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10989485B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2691722B1 (de)
JP (2) JP2014514529A (de)
CN (1) CN103688123B (de)
FR (1) FR2973490B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2012131038A1 (de)

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SE539124C2 (sv) * 2014-04-22 2017-04-11 Titanx Engine Cooling Holding Ab Fordonsvärmeväxlarrör och fordonskylare innefattande sådant rör samt sätt att bilda ett fordonsvärmeväxlarrör
FR3036468A1 (fr) * 2015-05-22 2016-11-25 Delphi Automotive Systems Lux Tube plat pour echangeur thermique
FR3062901A1 (fr) * 2016-12-09 2018-08-17 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Tube d’echangeur thermique, echangeur thermique et procede d’assemblage du tube correspondants
WO2019123024A1 (en) * 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Subros Limited Heat exchanger tube and a method of manufacturing thereof
CN109604367B (zh) * 2018-12-24 2021-02-12 上海交通大学 变厚度折叠式微通道扁管的辊弯成形装置及成形方法
EP4273489A1 (de) * 2022-05-03 2023-11-08 Valeo Klimasysteme GmbH Flachröhre für einen wärmetauscher

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FR2869678A1 (fr) 2004-04-29 2005-11-04 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Soc Tubes plies pour echangeur de chaleur, procede d'obtention de tels tubes et echangeur de chaleur muni de ces tubes
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JP6437987B2 (ja) 2018-12-12
JP2017101916A (ja) 2017-06-08
EP2691722A1 (de) 2014-02-05
JP2014514529A (ja) 2014-06-19
FR2973490B1 (fr) 2018-05-18
CN103688123A (zh) 2014-03-26
CN103688123B (zh) 2016-11-16
US10989485B2 (en) 2021-04-27
US20150107812A1 (en) 2015-04-23
FR2973490A1 (fr) 2012-10-05
WO2012131038A1 (fr) 2012-10-04

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