EP2691180B1 - Elektrodenanordnung für eine elektrodynamische fragmentierungsanlage - Google Patents

Elektrodenanordnung für eine elektrodynamische fragmentierungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2691180B1
EP2691180B1 EP12709777.2A EP12709777A EP2691180B1 EP 2691180 B1 EP2691180 B1 EP 2691180B1 EP 12709777 A EP12709777 A EP 12709777A EP 2691180 B1 EP2691180 B1 EP 2691180B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
passage
electrode
passage opening
passage channel
channel
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EP12709777.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2691180A1 (de
Inventor
Reinhard MÜLLER-SIEBERT
Fabrice Monti Di Sopra
Bernhard Hasler
Harald Giese
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Selfrag AG
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Selfrag AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fragmenting material by means of high-voltage discharges, electrode arrangements for use in the method, a fragmentation system comprising such an electrode arrangement, and a use of the fragmentation system according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the fragmentation material for example a bed of concrete pieces, is arranged between two electrodes and comminuted by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes, which leads to high-voltage breakdowns through the fragmentation material.
  • the item to be fragmented is to be comminuted to a specific target size, it is removed from the fragmentation zone once the target size has been reached.
  • the fragmentation zone is formed in such a way that one or more openings with a size corresponding to the target size are present in their boundaries, via which the fragmentation material comminuted to the target size can leave the fragmentation zone.
  • a device for the electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation in which the bottom of the process container is formed by a designed as a dome-shaped bottom electrode bottom electrode, which is at ground potential. Above the bottom electrode, a central rod-shaped high-voltage electrode is arranged at a distance.
  • the process container is filled with Fragmentiergut and a process liquid, such that the Fragmentiergut rests as a bed on the bottom of the process container and the high voltage electrode is immersed in the Fragmentiergut subjectung and the process liquid.
  • the high-voltage electrode is subjected to high-voltage pulses, so that between the bottom electrode and the high-voltage electrode high-voltage breakdowns take place through the Fragmentiergut, which comminute this.
  • This Fragmentiergut Irishe, which are smaller than the sieve openings of the bottom electrode, through these sieve openings through and thereby leave the fragmentation zone.
  • Out GB 2 342 304 A are known devices for electrodynamic fragmentation, in which the fragmentation zone is bounded by two walls formed as electrodes, of which at least one screen openings.
  • a bed of fragmented material is introduced into the fragmentation zone during operation and then the walls formed as electrodes are subjected to high-voltage pulses, such that high voltage breakdowns take place between the walls through the pieces of fragmentation, which comminute this.
  • Fragmentiergut Pacifice which are smaller than the screen openings in the wall electrodes, leave the fragmentation zone through these screen openings.
  • devices for electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation are known in which one or more funnel-shaped fragmentation zones are formed by walls formed as electrodes.
  • an outlet opening is bounded by the smallest distance between the walls of this fragmentation zone formed as electrodes at the lower end of the respective fragmentation zone.
  • a bed of Fragmentiergut is introduced into the respective fragmentation zone in operation and then it will be formed as electrodes walls subjected to high voltage pulses, so that take place between these walls high voltage breakdowns by the Fragmentiergut, which crush this. Fragmentiergut Federation Irishe which are smaller than the smallest distance between the walls formed as an electrode of the respective fragmentation zone, leave this fragmentation zone through the outlet opening.
  • a device for the electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation in which the fragmentation zone is formed by a stepwise funnel-shaped wall electrode and a coaxially extending into the space enclosed by this rod electrode.
  • the smallest passage cross-section is defined by the width of the annular gap formed between the rod electrode and the funnel-shaped wall electrode in the region of the tip of the rod electrode.
  • a major disadvantage of in DE 195 34 232 A1 and GB 2 342 304 A disclosed design principles with formed as a sieve bottom or wall electrodes is that these electrodes are relatively expensive to manufacture, which leads to high operating costs in light of the fact that the electrodes represent consumables in electrodynamic fragmentation processes.
  • the size of the screen openings increases during operation, resulting in a corresponding change in the target size of the finished fragmented material.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for fragmenting material by means of high-voltage discharges to a piece size less than or equal to a target size.
  • an electrode arrangement is used for an electrodynamic fragmentation system, with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and with a pair of electrodes or a plurality of electrode pairs, by which or which, by applying the electrodes of the respective electrode pair with high voltage pulses, each high voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passage can be generated, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts.
  • a passage opening in the sense according to claim may have a relatively small axial extent in the direction of passage, while a passage channel in the sense according to a much more pronounced extent in the direction of passage and in particular is present when seen in the passage direction in several planes axially arranged in succession.
  • the electrodes of the electrode pairs may be formed by separate individual electrodes and / or electrode projections on one or more electrically conductive electrode bodies. In the case of individual electrodes, these can be electrically insulated from one another or can also be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner. Also, multiple electrode pairs may share a single electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body as a common electrode.
  • a plurality of pairs of electrodes may be formed by assigning a single electrode or an electrode protrusion to be acted upon by high voltage pulses to a plurality of ground electrodes of individual electrodes or electrode protrusions of an electrode body lying at ground potential, so that a high voltage breakdown per voltage pulse over one of the so formed electrode pairs takes place, depending on the current conductivity situation in the area of the electrode pairs.
  • the passage opening or the through-passage is designed in such a way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passage channel is formed by the electrodes of the pair of electrodes or the pairs of electrodes in such a way that at least one of the pairs of electrodes in the region of a shortest connecting line between the electrodes , Adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • a sphere is in the sense of the meaning "in the area of the shortest connecting line" between two electrodes, if the sum of their shortest connecting lines to these two electrodes is shorter than the shortest connecting line between the two electrodes.
  • an electrode assembly is used for an electrodynamic fragmentation system, with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and at least two electrodes, between which high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passageway by applying high voltage pulses, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts ,
  • the electrodes are arranged in such a manner within the passage opening or the passage channel or form such the passage opening or the passage that the smallest distance between two electrodes, between which high-voltage discharges can be generated, is smaller than the diameter of a largest ball, which the passage opening or Pass through the passageway in the region of these two electrodes.
  • the electrode assembly is acted upon on one side of its passage opening or its passage with fragmented material with a size greater than the target size, wherein any material pieces contained in the acted Fragmentiergut pieces can pass with a piece size less than or equal to the target size through the passage opening or the passageway
  • High voltage pulses are applied to the electrodes of the electrode arrangement, so that high-voltage discharges take place in the passage opening or the passageway, through which pieces of material projecting into or protruding into the passage opening or passageway are fragmented.
  • the pieces of material fragmented in this way to a size smaller than or equal to the target size are passed through the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement and thus removed from the fragmentation zone.
  • the electrode arrangement has a plurality of pairs of electrodes, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passage can be generated by subjecting the respectively associated electrodes with high-voltage pulses to fragmentation of the material to be fragmented.
  • the passage opening or the passageway is designed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway is formed by the electrodes of the pairs of electrodes such that each pair of electrodes in the region of the shortest connecting line between its electrodes, preferably adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • one ball can preferably pass through the passage opening or the through-passage, whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes.
  • the electrode arrangement used is designed such that seen in the passage direction of the passage opening or the passageway on both sides of the respective shortest connecting lines between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair in the region of this shortest connecting line, Preferably adjacent to one of the electrodes or both electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line.
  • the electrode arrangement is designed such that the diameter of the respective ball, which in the region of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, preferably adjacent to at least one of the two electrodes of the respective electrode pair, through the passage opening or the passageway can pass, each greater than 1.2 times, preferably as 1.5 times the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode assembly has a round or angular, preferably circular basic or cross-sectional shape, in which in particular radially from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel forth one or more advantageous with bar or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude into the passage opening or the passage, preferably with the release of the center of the passage opening or the passageway.
  • Such electrode assemblies are easy to manufacture and also allow designs in which worn electrode projections can be easily replaced from the outside.
  • the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or Cross-sectional shape.
  • a passage opening or a passageway with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape is here understood in the broadest sense, a passage opening or a passageway which extends or circumferentially seen around in the direction of flow forming around its inner boundaries around body.
  • the annular base or cross-sectional shape have a variety of geometric shapes, for example, star-shaped or polygonal, in particular rectangular or square formed or have the shape of an elliptical ring or a circular ring. In addition, this can have a uniform width or a varying width over its circumference in the flow direction.
  • the design options with respect to the passage opening or the passage are significantly extended and embodiments are possible in which a plurality of electrode pairs, which are provided for generating high-voltage discharges in the passage opening or the passage, with high voltage pulses can be applied via a central high voltage supply.
  • the electrode projections are preferred for project into the passage opening or into the passage channel perpendicular to the intended passage direction or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction.
  • the electrode projections are directed towards Fragmentiergut, which increases the likelihood of direct contact with the Fragmentiergut, which, in particular for certain piece sizes of Fragmentierguts, a further improvement in the efficiency of the fragmentation process is made possible.
  • the inner boundaries and / or the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel are each formed by an insulator body, which carries individual electrode projections.
  • the electrode projections may be electrically insulated from each other or some or all of the electrode projections, e.g. be electrically connected to one another via a connecting line running in the insulator body.
  • each of the electrode projections which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening or the through-passage, in each case at least two of the electrode projections, which protrude from the outer boundaries in the passage opening or the passageway.
  • the respective electrode projection arranged on the inner boundaries together with the associated electrode projections forms a plurality of electrode pairs at the outer boundaries, which share these as a common electrode.
  • one or more preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement into the passage opening or the passageway, while the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passageway channel from a single electrode are formed, which is preferably annular.
  • the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel therefore form a circumferential electrode, which forms a pair of electrodes with each of the electrode projections.
  • a plurality of preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement into the passage opening or the passageway, with some or all of these electrode projections inclined in a direction opposite to the intended use Passage direction protrude into the passage opening or the passageway, preferably in such a way that their free ends are in the axial direction beyond a corporeality carrying these electrode projections.
  • the electrode arrangement used has a passage for Fragmentiergut, in which at different axial positions with respect to the intended direction of passage of the outer boundaries and / or, if present, of the inner boundaries of the passage channel forth preferably protrude rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections in the passageway.
  • Such electrode arrangements are also referred to below as multi-stage electrode arrangements.
  • the electrode projections projecting from the inner boundaries of the passage channel into the passage channel and arranged at the first axial position project in an inclined manner in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction into the passage channel.
  • the electrode projections arranged in the axial direction at the axial position following the first axial position ie the electrode projections arranged at a second, third, etc., axial position, perpendicular to the intended direction of passage or inclined in the direction of the intended direction of penetration protrude into the passageway.
  • the passage of the crushed to target size Fragmentierguts is facilitated by the passageway.
  • the electrode projections protrude into the passageway in such a way that it is impassable for a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which the passageway can happen, and has a height of more than 1.1 times, preferably more than 1.3 times this diameter.
  • the electrode projections are Seen in accordance with the intended direction of passage uniformly distributed on the circumference of the outer boundaries and / or the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway. This results in a geometry of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which favors the fragmentation of Fragmentierguts in uniform as possible pieces.
  • a blocking device is arranged on the intended exit side of the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode assembly, which with respect to their geometry is such and with respect to the passage opening or the passageway arranged such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball , which can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel, can be led away from the passage opening or the passage channel, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel and having a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, through the barrier means at the exit of the passage opening or the passage skanals is prevented.
  • This also makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergut Koreane with Zielkorn trimmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut is substantially compact and contains virtually no long grain.
  • the locking device is designed as a deflection device for the exiting Fragmentiergut, which is designed with respect to their distance from the electrodes and the deflection angle such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage by the deflecting device can be guided away from the passage opening or from the passage channel, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the deflection at leaving the passage opening or the passageway.
  • such deflection devices are formed by one or more inclined plates.
  • Such locking devices are effective and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the application of the material to be fragmented material and the passage of the fragmented pieces of material through the passage opening or through the passageway by means of gravity conveying the electrode assembly is effected.
  • the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement is flooded with a process liquid during the generation of the high-voltage discharges.
  • the passage opening or the passageway is flowed through in the material passage direction with the process liquid.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation apparatus for use in the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the electrode arrangement has a passage opening or a passageway for fragmentation material as well as a pair of electrodes or a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which or which, by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, respectively high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passage, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts.
  • a passage opening in the sense according to claim may have a relatively small axial extent in the direction of passage, while a passage channel in the sense according to a much more pronounced extent in the direction of passage and in particular is present when seen in the passage direction in several planes axially arranged in succession.
  • the electrodes of the electrode pairs may be formed by separate individual electrodes and / or electrode projections on one or more electrically conductive electrode bodies. In the case of individual electrodes, these can be electrically insulated from one another or can also be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner. Also, multiple electrode pairs may share a single electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body as a common electrode. Thus, e.g.
  • a plurality of pairs of electrodes may be formed in that a to be acted upon by high voltage pulses electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body to be acted upon with high voltage individual electrodes or electrode projections of an electrode lying at ground electrode are assigned to ground potential, so that a high voltage breakdown per voltage pulse via one of the electrode pairs thus formed takes place , depending on the current conductivity situation in the area of the electrode pairs.
  • the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed by the electrodes of the electrode pair or the electrode pairs such that at least one of the electrode pairs is in the region of a shortest connecting line between the electrodes , preferably with adjoining one or both electrodes of this electrode pair, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • a sphere is in the sense of the meaning "in the area of the shortest connecting line" between two electrodes, if the sum of their shortest connecting lines to these two electrodes is shorter than the shortest connecting line between the two electrodes.
  • the second aspect of the invention thus relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and at least two electrodes, between which high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passageway by applying the same high voltage pulses to Fragmentation of the Fragmentierguts.
  • the electrodes are arranged in such a manner within the passage opening or the passage channel or form such the passage opening or the passage that the smallest distance between two electrodes, between which high-voltage discharges can be generated, is smaller than the diameter of a largest ball, which the passage opening or Pass through the passageway in the region of these two electrodes.
  • the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or cross-sectional shape.
  • a passage opening or a passageway with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape is here understood in the broadest sense, a passage opening or a passageway which extends or circumferentially seen around in the direction of flow forming around its inner boundaries around body.
  • the annular base or cross-sectional shape may have a wide variety of geometric shapes, e.g. star-shaped or polygonal, in particular rectangular or square be formed or have the shape of an elliptical ring or a circular ring. In addition, this can have a uniform width or a varying width over its circumference in the flow direction.
  • the design options with respect to the passage opening or the passage are significantly extended and embodiments are possible in which a plurality of electrode pairs, which are provided for generating high-voltage discharges in the passage opening or the passage, with high voltage pulses can be applied via a central high voltage supply.
  • the electrode arrangement has a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passageway can be generated by applying the respectively associated electrodes with high-voltage pulses, for fragmenting the fragmentation material.
  • the passage opening or the passageway is advantageously designed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein in such a manner or the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed by the electrodes of the electrode pairs such that each electrode pair in the region of the shortest connecting line between its electrodes, preferably adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passageway whose diameter is greater than the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • one ball can preferably pass through the passage opening or the through-passage, whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes.
  • the electrode assembly is formed such that seen in the passage direction of the passage opening or the passageway on both sides of the respective shortest connecting lines between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair in the region of this shortest connecting line, preferably adjacent to one of the electrodes or both electrodes, a ball through the Passage opening or the passageway can pass through, whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line.
  • the electrode arrangement is designed such that the diameter of the respective ball, which in the region of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, preferably with adjoining at least one of the two Electrodes of the respective electrode pair, through which the passage opening or the passage channel can pass, in each case greater than 1.2 times, preferably as 1.5 times the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • one or more advantageously rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections to protrude from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel and / or from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel into the passage opening or the passage channel.
  • the electrode projections are preferred for project into the passage opening or into the passage channel perpendicular to the intended passage direction or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction.
  • the electrode projections are directed towards the item to be fragmented, which increases the probability of direct contact with the material to be fragmented, whereby, in particular for certain piece sizes of the item to be fragmented, another Improvement of the efficiency of the fragmentation process is made possible.
  • the inner boundaries and / or the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel are each formed by an insulator body, which carries individual electrode projections.
  • the electrode projections may be electrically insulated from each other or some or all of the electrode projections, e.g. be electrically connected to one another via a connecting line running in the insulator body.
  • a plurality of rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway into the passage opening or the Passage channel into it.
  • each of the electrode projections, which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening or the through-passage in each case at least two of the electrode projections, which protrude from the outer boundaries in the passage opening or the passageway.
  • the respective electrode projection arranged on the inner boundaries together with the associated electrode projections forms a plurality of electrode pairs at the outer boundaries, which share these as a common electrode.
  • one or more preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or through-passage, while the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel are formed by a single electrode , which is preferably annular.
  • the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel therefore form a circumferential electrode, which forms a pair of electrodes with each of the electrode projections.
  • a plurality of preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or the passageway, with some or all of these electrode projections inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction in FIG protrude through the passage opening or the passageway, preferably such that their free ends are in the axial direction beyond a corporeality carrying these electrode projections.
  • the inner boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel are formed by a single, preferably disc-shaped, rod-shaped or spherical electrode.
  • the latter has a passage for fragmentation material in which, at different axial positions relative to the intended passage direction, the outer boundaries and / or, if present, the rod or tip-shaped, if present, of the inner boundaries of the passage channel Protrude electrode projections in the passageway.
  • Such electrode arrangements are also referred to below as multi-stage electrode arrangements.
  • the electrode projections projecting from the inner boundaries of the passage channel into the passage channel and arranged at the first axial position project in an inclined manner in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction into the passage channel.
  • the electrode projections arranged in the axial position following the first axial position ie the electrode projections arranged at a second, third and axial position, to be perpendicular to the intended direction of passage or inclined in the direction of the Proper passage direction project into the passageway.
  • the passage of the crushed to target size Fragmentierguts is facilitated by the passageway.
  • the electrode projections protrude into the passage so that it is impassable for a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, preferably more than 1.3 times this diameter.
  • the electrode projections are uniform in the intended passage direction uniformly on the periphery of the outer Borders and / or the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway distributed. This results in a geometry of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which favors the fragmentation of Fragmentierguts in uniform as possible pieces.
  • a blocking device is arranged on the intended exit side of the passage opening or the passage channel, which is designed with respect to their geometry and with respect to the passage opening or the passageway arranged such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which the passage opening or the passage channel can pass, can be led away from the passage opening or the passage channel, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a Height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, hinder by the locking device leaving the passage opening or the passageway rt is.
  • This also makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergut Koreane with Zielkorn malmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut is essentially compact and contains virtually no long grain.
  • the locking device is designed as a deflection device for the exiting Fragmentiergut, which is designed with respect to their distance from the electrodes and the deflection angle such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage , can be guided away from the passage opening or from the passage channel by the deflection device, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the deflection at the exit of the passage opening or the passageway.
  • such deflection devices are formed by one or more inclined plates.
  • Such locking devices are effective and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and with one pair of electrodes or a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which by applying the electrodes of the respective electrode pair with high voltage pulses, each high voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passageway can be generated, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts.
  • a passage opening in the sense according to the sense may have a relatively small axial extent in the direction of passage, while a passageway in the sense according to a much more pronounced extent in Has passage direction and in particular present when seen in the direction of passage electrodes are arranged axially in succession in several planes.
  • the electrodes of the electrode pairs may be formed by separate individual electrodes and / or electrode projections on one or more electrically conductive electrode bodies. In the case of individual electrodes, these can be electrically insulated from one another or can also be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner. Also, multiple electrode pairs may share a single electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body as a common electrode. Thus, e.g.
  • a plurality of pairs of electrodes may be formed in that a to be acted upon by high voltage pulses electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body to be acted upon with high voltage individual electrodes or electrode projections of an electrode lying at ground electrode are assigned to ground potential, so that a high voltage breakdown per voltage pulse via one of the electrode pairs thus formed takes place , depending on the current conductivity situation in the area of the electrode pairs.
  • the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed by the electrodes of the electrode pair or the electrode pairs such that at least one of the electrode pairs is in the region of a shortest connecting line between the electrodes , Adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • a sphere is in the sense of the meaning then "in the area of the shortest connecting line" between two electrodes, if the Sum of their shortest connecting lines to these two electrodes is shorter than the shortest connecting line between the two electrodes.
  • the third aspect of the invention thus relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and at least two electrodes, between which high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passageway by applying the same high voltage pulses to Fragmentation of the Fragmentierguts.
  • the electrodes are arranged in such a manner within the passage opening or the passage channel or form such the passage opening or the passage that the smallest distance between two electrodes, between which high-voltage discharges can be generated, is smaller than the diameter of a largest ball, which the passage opening or Pass through the passageway in the region of these two electrodes.
  • a blocking device is arranged on the intended exit side of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which is designed with respect to their geometry and with respect to the passage opening or the passageway arranged such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which the passage opening or the passageway can pass, can be led away from the passage opening or the passageway, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the locking device at the exit of the passage opening or the passageway.
  • the electrode arrangement has a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passageway can be generated by applying the respectively associated electrodes with high-voltage pulses, for fragmenting the fragmentation material.
  • the passage opening or the passageway is designed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway is formed by the electrodes of the pairs of electrodes such that each pair of electrodes in the region of the shortest connecting line between its electrodes, preferably adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes. It may therefore be in the area of each of the pairs of electrodes in each case pass through a ball through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair.
  • the electrode assembly is formed such that seen in the passage direction of the passage opening or the passageway on both sides of the respective shortest connecting lines between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair in the region of this shortest connecting line, preferably adjacent to one of the electrodes or both electrodes, a ball through the Passage opening or the passageway can pass through, whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line.
  • the electrode arrangement is designed such that the diameter of the respective ball, which in the region of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, preferably adjacent to at least one of the two electrodes of the respective electrode pair, through the passage opening or can pass through the passageway, each greater than 1.2 times, preferably as 1.5 times the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.
  • the passage opening or passage channel has a round or angular, Preferably, circular basic or cross-sectional shape, wherein in particular radially from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel forth one or more advantageously rod or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude into the passage opening or the passageway, preferably with the release of the center of the passage opening or of the passageway.
  • Such electrode assemblies are easy to manufacture and also allow designs in which worn electrode projections can be easily replaced from the outside.
  • the passage opening or the passage channel has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or cross-sectional shape.
  • a passage opening or a passageway with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape is here understood in the broadest sense, a passage opening or a passageway which extends or circumferentially seen around in the direction of flow forming around its inner boundaries around body.
  • the annular base or cross-sectional shape may have a wide variety of geometric shapes, e.g. star-shaped or polygonal, in particular rectangular or square be formed or have the shape of an elliptical ring or a circular ring. In addition, this can have a uniform width or a varying width over its circumference in the flow direction.
  • the design options with respect to the passage opening or the passage are significantly extended and embodiments are possible in which a plurality of electrode pairs, which are provided for generating high-voltage discharges in the passage opening or the passage, with high voltage pulses can be applied via a central high voltage supply.
  • the electrode projections are preferred for project into the passage opening or into the passage channel perpendicular to the intended passage direction or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction.
  • the electrode projections are directed towards Fragmentiergut, which increases the likelihood of direct contact with the Fragmentiergut, which, in particular for certain piece sizes of Fragmentierguts, a further improvement in the efficiency of the fragmentation process is made possible.
  • the inner boundaries and / or the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway are each formed by an insulator body, which individual Carries electrode projections.
  • the electrode projections may be electrically insulated from one another or some or all of the electrode projections, for example via a connecting line running in the insulator body, may be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner.
  • a plurality of rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway into the passage opening or the Passage channel into it.
  • each of the electrode projections, which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening or the through-passage in each case at least two of the electrode projections, which protrude from the outer boundaries in the passage opening or the passageway.
  • the respective electrode projection arranged on the inner boundaries together with the associated electrode projections forms a plurality of electrode pairs at the outer boundaries, which share these as a common electrode.
  • one or more preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or through-passage, while the outer boundaries of the passage opening or passage passage are formed by a single electrode , which is preferably annular.
  • the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel therefore form a circumferential electrode, which forms a pair of electrodes with each of the electrode projections.
  • a plurality of preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or the passageway, with some or all of these electrode projections inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction in FIG protrude through the passage opening or the passageway, preferably such that their free ends are in the axial direction beyond a corporeality carrying these electrode projections.
  • the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway are formed by a single, preferably disc-shaped, rod-shaped or spherical electrode.
  • the latter has a passage for fragmentation material in which, at different axial positions relative to the intended passage direction, the outer boundaries and / or, if present, the rod or tip-shaped, if present, of the inner boundaries of the passage channel Protrude electrode projections in the passageway.
  • Such electrode arrangements are also referred to below as multi-stage electrode arrangements.
  • the electrode projections arranged in the axial position following the first axial position ie the electrode projections arranged at a second, third and axial position, to be perpendicular to the intended direction of passage or inclined in the direction of the Proper passage direction project into the passageway.
  • the passage of the crushed to target size Fragmentierguts is facilitated by the passageway.
  • the electrode projections protrude into the passage so that it is impassable for a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, preferably more than 1.3 times this diameter.
  • the electrode projections in the intended passage direction evenly distributed on the circumference of the outer boundaries and / or the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway. This results in a geometry of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which favors the fragmentation of Fragmentierguts in uniform as possible pieces.
  • the locking device is designed as a deflection device for the exiting Fragmentiergut, which is designed with respect to their distance from the electrodes and the deflection angle such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage , can be guided away from the passage opening or from the passage channel by the deflection device, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the deflection at the exit of the passage opening or the passageway.
  • such deflection devices are formed by one or more inclined plates.
  • Such locking devices are effective and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a fragmentation system for electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation with at least one electrode assembly according to the second or third aspect of the invention and with a high voltage pulse generator for applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes of the electrode assembly.
  • the use of the inventive Electrode arrangements in such systems correspond to their intended use.
  • the electrode arrangement is oriented in such a way that the passage opening or the passageway has a vertical passage direction. In this way it becomes possible to effect the pressurization of the electrode assembly with the material to be fragmented and the passage of the fragmented material pieces through the passage opening or the passageway exclusively by means of gravity conveying.
  • the electrode arrangement has a passage opening or a passageway with an annular, preferably annular, basic or cross-sectional shape.
  • the high-voltage pulse generator is arranged below the passage opening or the passage and the electrodes formed on the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel are subjected to high voltage pulses directly from below with the high voltage pulse generator.
  • the outer boundary of the passage opening or the passage or the electrodes arranged on these outer boundaries are at ground potential.
  • the lead of the high voltage pulse generator leading to the electrodes formed at the inner boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel has to be insulated, and very short supply paths can be realized, which is preferred.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the fragmentation plant according to the fourth aspect of the invention for fragmenting poorly conductive material, preferably silicon, concrete or slag. In such uses, the benefits of the invention are particularly evident.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first non-inventive electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant in plan view.
  • the electrode assembly has a passage opening 1 with a rectangular basic or cross-sectional shape for Fragmentiergut, from the outer boundaries of which three rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c protrude into this, leaving the center of the passage opening.
  • the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by an insulator body 7.
  • the electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c are formed by individual electrodes carried by the insulator body 7.
  • the two jointly arranged on one side of the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 electrodes 5b, 5c are electrically conductively connected via a line (not visible) and isolated via the insulator body 7 electrically opposite to the electrode 5a opposite them.
  • the three electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c form two electrode pairs 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c, by means of which, by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes, e.g. by the two lower electrodes 5b, 5c are placed at ground potential, while the upper electrode 5a is connected to a high voltage pulse generator, each high voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated, for fragmentation fragmentation, which enters into the passage opening 1 or in the vicinity one of the electrode pairs is located.
  • the passage opening 1 is formed in this way and the electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c are arranged in such a way that each electrode pair 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c of the respective electrode pair (each shown dotted) a ball K (shown in dashed lines) can pass through the passage opening 1, whose diameter is greater than the length of each respective shortest connecting line L.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a second non-inventive electrode assembly, which differs from the in Fig.1 differs in that its passage opening 1 has a circular base or cross-sectional shape, from the outer boundaries of which two rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b protrude radially into this, likewise leaving the center of the passage opening first
  • the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by an insulator body 7 and the electrode projections 5a, 5b of individual electrodes, which are supported by the insulator body 7.
  • the two electrodes 5a, 5b form an electrode pair 5a, 5b, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated.
  • the passage opening 1 is also formed in this way and the electrodes 5a, 5b are arranged in such a way that in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes 5a, 5b (shown in dotted lines) a ball K (shown in phantom) passes through the passage opening 1 can, whose diameter is greater than the length of this connecting line L.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third non-inventive electrode assembly in plan view, which differs from the in Fig.1 only differs in that its passage opening 1 has a circular basic or cross-sectional shape, from the outer boundaries of the electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c protrude radially into this. All the rest before to the in Fig.1 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.
  • Fig. 4 shows a fourth non-inventive electrode assembly in plan view, which differs from the in Fig.2 only differs in that it consists of two successively arranged electrode arrangements according to Fig. 2 consists, which have a common insulator body 7, and that the rear electrode assembly is rotated by 90 ° relative to the front.
  • the electrodes 5c, 5d of the rear electrode assembly are here shown dotted to indicate that they are disposed in a plane behind the electrodes 5a, 5b of the front electrode assemblies. All the rest previously to the in Fig.2 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.
  • Fig. 5 shows a plan view of a fifth inventive electrode arrangement.
  • the electrode arrangement has a passage 2 with an annular base or cross-sectional shape whose outer boundaries are formed by a rectangular metal tube 5, for example made of stainless steel.
  • the inner boundaries of the passage 2 are formed by a solid metal profile 4, for example also made of stainless steel, with a square cross-section, which is arranged in the center of the tube 5 and the outer surfaces with the opposite inner surfaces of the rectangular metal tube 5 each form 45 °.
  • the corners of the solid profile 4 serve as electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which, together with the respective inner wall region of the metal pipe 5 opposite to them, each have a pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 form, by means of, by applying the rectangular metal tube. 5 and the full metal profile 4 with high voltage pulses, for example by the tube 5 is placed at ground potential while the solid section 4 is connected to a high voltage pulse generator, each high voltage discharges within the passageway 2 can be generated.
  • the shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are shown dotted.
  • the passageway channel 2 is formed by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5 such that each electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage channel 2, whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line L.
  • Fig. 6 shows a sixth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 5 differs in that the center of the rectangular metal tube 5 is not a solid metal profile 4 is arranged with a square cross-section, but an insulator body 6 with a circular cross-section, each of which in the direction of one of the corners of the rectangular metal tube 5 pointing four electrode protrusions formed by individual electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d protrude radially outward.
  • Electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are screwed into a conductor (not shown) running in the center of the insulator body 6 and are thereby connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner, so that they can be acted upon by this conductor together with high-voltage pulses.
  • each of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, together with each of the two opposite inner walls of the rectangular metal tube 5 respectively forms an electrode pair, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage 2 can be generated.
  • the shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs thus formed are each shown dotted.
  • the passageway 2 is so formed and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5 arranged such that in each of the eight by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the respective two each electrode 4a, 4b, 4c , 4d opposite inner walls of the rectangular stainless steel tube 5 electrode pairs formed in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair a ball K can pass through the passageway 2 whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair.
  • Fig. 7 shows a plan view of a seventh inventive electrode arrangement.
  • the electrode arrangement has a passage opening 1 with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape, the outer boundaries of which are formed by a metal ring 5.
  • the inner boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by a star-shaped electrode body 4, also made of metal, which is arranged in the center of the ring 5.
  • the star-shaped electrode body 4 forms four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which in each case together with the respective inner wall region of the ring 5 surrounding the electrode body 4, a pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 form, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage channel 2 can be generated.
  • the shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are shown dotted.
  • the passage opening 1 is in this case formed by the metal ring 5 and the electrode body 4 or by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5, that per pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5.
  • Fig. 8 shows an eighth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 7 differs only in that instead of the star-shaped electrode body, an insulator body 6 with electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged thereon as in the embodiment of Fig. 6 described in the center of the metal ring 5 is arranged.
  • each of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d forms, together with the respective inner wall region of the ring 5 surrounding the electrode body 4, an electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage channel 2 can be generated.
  • the shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are again shown dotted.
  • the passage opening 1 is also formed here by the metal ring 5 and the insulator body 6 and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged thereon, such that each pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5.
  • Fig. 8a shows a ninth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 8 shown electrode assembly only thereby differentiates that the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d project from the central insulator body 6 inclined in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage S into the passage opening 1.
  • Fig. 8b which shows a vertical section through part of a first fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 8a shows
  • the electrode assembly is oriented in the fragmentation such that its passage opening 1 has a vertical direction of passage S intended.
  • the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d form the upper end of a high voltage electrode 9, which is connected to a directly below this arranged high voltage pulse generator (not shown), for applying the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d with high voltage pulses.
  • the metal ring 5 is at ground potential.
  • a feed hopper 13 is arranged, by means of which the Fragmentiergut to be crushed by gravity of the electrode assembly can be fed.
  • a deflection device in the form of a conical baffle 10 which deflect the fragmenting material emerging from the electrode assembly and comminuted to target size radially outward and can lead away from the electrode assembly by gravity.
  • Fig. 9 shows a tenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 7 differs only in that the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are not formed by a metal ring, but by a tubular insulator body 7, which on its inner side in each case opposite to the individual electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of Star-shaped electrode body 4 carries lenticular individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d made of metal, which are connected via a connecting line (not shown) electrically conductive with each other.
  • the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the star-shaped electrode body 4 each form, together with the respective individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d opposite them, an electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage channel 2 can be generated.
  • the shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are in turn each shown dotted.
  • the passage opening 1 is formed by the tubular insulator body 7 with the individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d arranged thereon and the electrode body 4 such that each electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d.
  • Fig. 10 shows an eleventh inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 9 only differs in that instead of the star-shaped electrode body, a solid metal profile 4 with square cross section as in Fig. 5 is arranged in the center of the tubular insulator body 7.
  • the corners of the solid profile 4 serve as electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which together with the respective lenticular individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d opposite them, respectively, have a pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d form, by means which high voltage discharges can be generated.
  • the shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are again shown dotted.
  • This electrode arrangement has a passage 2 which is formed by the tubular insulator body 7 with the individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d arranged thereon and the electrode body 4 in such a way that each electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes, a ball K can pass through the passageway whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d.
  • Fig. 11 shows a twelfth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 8 differs in that the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed instead of a metal ring of a tubular insulator body 7, which on its inside uniformly distributed over its circumference radially into the passage opening 1 projecting rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h.
  • each of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d which protrude from the central insulator body 6 in the radial direction into the passage opening 1, two of the rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h assigned, which are arranged on the inside of the tubular insulator body 7.
  • the passage opening 1 is here of the tubular insulator body 7 with the electrode projections arranged thereon 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h and the central insulator body 6 with the electrode projections 4a, 4b arranged thereon, 4c, 4d formed that each pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h.
  • FIGS. 11a . 11b . 11c and 11d show vertical sections through a part of a second fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 11 , once without fragments ( Fig. 11a ), once with Fragmentiergut ( Fig. 11b ), once with schematically shown spherical and cylindrical bodies arranged in the passage opening ( Fig. 11c ) and once with a long grain fragment disposed in the passage opening 1 of the electrode assembly ( Fig. 11d ).
  • the electrode arrangement in the fragmentation system is oriented such that its passage opening 1 has a vertical passage direction S.
  • the central insulator body 6 with the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d forms the upper end of a cylindrical high-voltage electrode 9, which is connected to a high-voltage pulse generator (not shown) directly below it, for acting on the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c. 4d with high voltage pulses.
  • the electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h carried by the tubular insulator body 7 are grounded.
  • a feed hopper 13 is arranged, by means of which the Fragmentiergut 3 to be crushed is fed by gravity of the electrode assembly.
  • a deflection device is arranged in the form of a conical deflecting plate 10, which deflects the fragmented material 11a emerging from the electrode assembly and comminuted to target size radially and moves away from the electrode assembly by gravity feed.
  • the deflection device 10 forms a locking device which is formed with respect to their geometry and with respect to the passage opening 1 is arranged such that a cylindrical body Z with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball K, which the passage opening can happen in the respective passage area, and having a height of more than 1.3 times this diameter is prevented by this locking device 10 leaving the passage opening 1, while the largest ball K, which can pass through the passage opening 1 in the respective passage area the deflection device 10 can be led away from the passage opening 1.
  • Fig. 11e shows a variant of the second inventive fragmentation plant. This is different from the one in Fig. 11a Fragmentation system shown only in that all electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h inclined in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage S in the passage opening 1 protrude.
  • the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d which project from the central insulator body 6 into the passage opening 1, form the upper end of the high-voltage electrode 9.
  • Fig. 12 shows a thirteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 11 differs only in that instead of the central insulator body with the electrode projections arranged thereon, a conical electrode 4 of metal forms the inner boundaries of the passage opening 1.
  • the rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h projecting radially from the inside of the tubular insulator body 7 each form a total of eight electrode pairs 4, 5a with their opposite edge region of the conical electrode 4; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated.
  • the shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective pairs of electrodes are also shown dotted here.
  • the passage opening 1 is formed by the tubular insulator body 7 with the electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h and the central cone electrode 4 arranged thereon, such that each pair of electrodes 4, 5a; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4, 5a; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h.
  • Fig. 12a shows a vertical section through part of a third fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 12 ,
  • This fragmentation plant differs from the fragmentation plant according to the Figures 11a-11d only by the design of the central high-voltage electrode 9, whose upper end is formed here by the conical electrode 4. All the rest to the in the Figures 11a-11d Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.
  • Fig. 12b shows a variant of the third inventive fragmentation plant. This is different from the one in Fig. 12a Fragmentation system shown only in that the arranged on the tubular insulator body 7 electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h inclined inclined in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage S into the passage opening 1.
  • Fig. 13 shows a fourteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 9 only differs in that it consists of two successively arranged electrode arrangements according to Fig. 9 consists, which have a common insulator body 7, and that the rear electrode assembly is rotated by 45 ° relative to the front.
  • the electrodes 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h and 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h of the rear electrode assembly are shown dotted here to indicate that they are in a plane behind the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d of the front electrode assembly are arranged. All the rest to the in Figure 9 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.
  • Fig. 14 shows a fifteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 11 only differs in that it consists of two successively arranged electrode arrangements according to Fig. 11 which have a common insulator body 7, and that the projecting from the central insulator body 6 in the passage channel 2 electrode projections 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h of the rear electrode assembly are rotated by 45 ° about the central axis of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode projections 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h of the rear electrode assembly are again shown dotted here to indicate that they are in a plane behind the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g , 5h of the front electrode assembly are arranged.
  • the electrode projections 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p of the rear electrode assembly are not visible here because they are represented in this illustration by the electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h of the front Covered electrode assembly. However, they are partly in Fig. 14a visible, noticeable. All the rest to the in Figure 11 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.
  • Fig. 14a shows a vertical section through part of a fourth fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 14 ,
  • the electrode arrangement is oriented such that the passage channel 2 has a vertical passage direction S.
  • the central insulator body 6 forms with the eight circumferentially staggered electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h the upper end of a cylindrical high voltage electrode 9, which, as already in the fragmentation systems described above, with a directly below this arranged high voltage pulse generator is connected to common loading of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h with high voltage pulses.
  • the electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p carried by the tubular insulator body 7 are put together at ground potential.
  • a feed hopper 13 is also arranged above the electrode arrangement, by means of which the fragmentation material 3 to be comminuted is fed by gravity to the electrode arrangement.
  • a deflection device which deflects the fragmenting material emerging from the electrode assembly and shredded to target size radially and leads away from the electrode assembly by gravity.
  • Fig. 14b shows a variant of the fourth inventive fragmentation plant. This is different from the one in Fig. 14a in that all the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, which are arranged in the first axial position as seen in the direction of passage S, are inclined in a direction opposite to that intended Passage direction S protrude into the passageway 2.
  • the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d which protrude from the central insulator body 6 into the passage channel 2, form the upper end of the high-voltage electrode 9.
  • Fig. 15 shows a sixteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view
  • Fig. 15a a vertical section through part of a fifth fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 15
  • the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are supported by an electrically conductive lens-shaped body 14 which is adjacent on its underside to the insulator body 6 of the high voltage electrode 9 and at its intended direction of passage S opposite end face an insulator cap 15 carries.
  • the metal ring 5 forms an inlet funnel for the passage opening 1.
  • a feed hopper 13 is here also above the electrode assembly, that is arranged on the inlet side of the electrode assembly, by means of which the Fragmentiergut to be crushed is fed by gravity of the electrode assembly.
  • a deflecting device in the form of a deflection plate 10 is arranged below the electrode arrangement, ie on the exit side of the electrode arrangement, which redirects the fragmentation material emerging from the electrode arrangement and comminuted to target size and by gravity feed from the electrode arrangement leads away.
  • this baffle 10 is not conical in shape as in the fragmentation systems described above, but as a substantially flat oblique surface which is penetrated by the high voltage electrode 9.

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EP12709777.2A 2011-03-30 2012-03-08 Elektrodenanordnung für eine elektrodynamische fragmentierungsanlage Active EP2691180B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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PCT/CH2011/000066 WO2012129708A1 (de) 2011-03-30 2011-03-30 Elektrodenanordnung für eine elektrodynamische fragmentierungsanlage
PCT/CH2012/000054 WO2012129713A1 (de) 2011-03-30 2012-03-08 Elektrodenanordnung für eine elektrodynamische fragmentierungsanlage

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EP2691180B1 true EP2691180B1 (de) 2017-04-05

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JP (1) JP5946518B2 (ja)
AU (1) AU2012234676B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2830572C (ja)
ES (1) ES2629703T3 (ja)
RU (1) RU2591718C2 (ja)
WO (2) WO2012129708A1 (ja)
ZA (1) ZA201307291B (ja)

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DE102010025969A1 (de) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Schott Ag Locherzeugung mit Mehrfach-Elektroden
DE102010025966B4 (de) 2010-07-02 2012-03-08 Schott Ag Interposer und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Löchern in einem Interposer
NO3060347T3 (ja) * 2013-10-25 2018-03-31
DE102014008989B4 (de) * 2014-06-13 2022-04-07 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Zerkleinerung von Feststoffen mittels Elektroimpulsen
JP6535315B2 (ja) * 2016-06-02 2019-06-26 パナソニック株式会社 物品の分解装置
CN106733062A (zh) * 2017-02-22 2017-05-31 沈阳农业大学 根茎类粉体电场分散装置
DE102018131541A1 (de) 2018-12-10 2020-06-10 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Einrichtung zur Beanspruchung von Partikeln mittels Elektroimpulsen

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Publication number Publication date
CA2830572A1 (en) 2012-10-04
US20140042146A1 (en) 2014-02-13
WO2012129708A1 (de) 2012-10-04
AU2012234676B2 (en) 2017-03-30
JP5946518B2 (ja) 2016-07-06
AU2012234676A1 (en) 2013-10-17
ZA201307291B (en) 2015-01-28
RU2013148141A (ru) 2015-05-10
JP2014509560A (ja) 2014-04-21
ES2629703T3 (es) 2017-08-14
WO2012129713A1 (de) 2012-10-04
EP2691180A1 (de) 2014-02-05
CA2830572C (en) 2019-01-15
RU2591718C2 (ru) 2016-07-20
US9604225B2 (en) 2017-03-28

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