EP2691180B1 - Electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a method for fragmenting material by means of high-voltage discharges, electrode arrangements for use in the method, a fragmentation system comprising such an electrode arrangement, and a use of the fragmentation system according to the preambles of the independent claims.

STATE OF THE ART

In the case of electrodynamic fragmentation, the fragmentation material, for example a bed of concrete pieces, is arranged between two electrodes and comminuted by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes, which leads to high-voltage breakdowns through the fragmentation material.

If the item to be fragmented is to be comminuted to a specific target size, it is removed from the fragmentation zone once the target size has been reached.

For this purpose, the fragmentation zone is formed in such a way that one or more openings with a size corresponding to the target size are present in their boundaries, via which the fragmentation material comminuted to the target size can leave the fragmentation zone.

Out DE 195 34 232 A1 a device for the electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation is known, in which the bottom of the process container is formed by a designed as a dome-shaped bottom electrode bottom electrode, which is at ground potential. Above the bottom electrode, a central rod-shaped high-voltage electrode is arranged at a distance. in the Operation, the process container is filled with Fragmentiergut and a process liquid, such that the Fragmentiergut rests as a bed on the bottom of the process container and the high voltage electrode is immersed in the Fragmentiergutschüttung and the process liquid. Then, the high-voltage electrode is subjected to high-voltage pulses, so that between the bottom electrode and the high-voltage electrode high-voltage breakdowns take place through the Fragmentiergut, which comminute this. This Fragmentiergutstücke, which are smaller than the sieve openings of the bottom electrode, through these sieve openings through and thereby leave the fragmentation zone.

Out GB 2 342 304 A are known devices for electrodynamic fragmentation, in which the fragmentation zone is bounded by two walls formed as electrodes, of which at least one screen openings. Here, too, a bed of fragmented material is introduced into the fragmentation zone during operation and then the walls formed as electrodes are subjected to high-voltage pulses, such that high voltage breakdowns take place between the walls through the pieces of fragmentation, which comminute this. Fragmentiergutstücke, which are smaller than the screen openings in the wall electrodes, leave the fragmentation zone through these screen openings.

Also from JP 11033430 For example, devices for electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation are known in which one or more funnel-shaped fragmentation zones are formed by walls formed as electrodes. In this case, an outlet opening is bounded by the smallest distance between the walls of this fragmentation zone formed as electrodes at the lower end of the respective fragmentation zone. Again, a bed of Fragmentiergut is introduced into the respective fragmentation zone in operation and then it will be formed as electrodes walls subjected to high voltage pulses, so that take place between these walls high voltage breakdowns by the Fragmentiergut, which crush this. Fragmentiergutstücke which are smaller than the smallest distance between the walls formed as an electrode of the respective fragmentation zone, leave this fragmentation zone through the outlet opening.

Out SU 555 226 A1 a device for the electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation is known, in which the fragmentation zone is formed by a stepwise funnel-shaped wall electrode and a coaxially extending into the space enclosed by this rod electrode. In this case, the smallest passage cross-section is defined by the width of the annular gap formed between the rod electrode and the funnel-shaped wall electrode in the region of the tip of the rod electrode. In operation, a bed of fragmented material is introduced into the fragmentation zone and high-voltage breakdowns are generated by the fragmented material between the rod electrode and the wall electrode, which comminute this. Fragmentiergutstücke which are smaller than the width of the annular gap formed between the rod electrode and the funnel-shaped wall electrode in the region of the tip of the rod electrode, leave the fragmentation zone through this gap.

A major disadvantage of in DE 195 34 232 A1 and GB 2 342 304 A disclosed design principles with formed as a sieve bottom or wall electrodes is that these electrodes are relatively expensive to manufacture, which leads to high operating costs in light of the fact that the electrodes represent consumables in electrodynamic fragmentation processes. In addition, the size of the screen openings increases during operation, resulting in a corresponding change in the target size of the finished fragmented material.

In all of the aforementioned devices, there is also the disadvantage that the electrode spacings are equal to or greater than the sieve or outlet openings, which in the case that a coarse fragmentation is desired leads to relatively large electrode spacings, with the requirement of providing of correspondingly high voltage pulses. This in turn requires the use of very expensive high voltage pulse generators.

From the documents FR 1 341 851 A . CN 201 105 234 Y and SU 697 188 A1 Methods and apparatus for the electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation are known in which high voltage breakdowns are generated between projecting into the process space rod-shaped electrodes, for crushing the Fragmentierguts therein. It is possible to fragmentieren Fragmentiergut, which is greater than the electrode distances. However, here an arbitrary comminution of Fragmentierguts without targeted removal of the material, which is crushed to target size, from the process zone, which is in particular in the event that a coarse fragmentation is desired, unsuitable, since a high fines content is generated.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object to provide methods and apparatuses which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art or at least partially avoid them.

This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims.

According to these, a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for fragmenting material by means of high-voltage discharges to a piece size less than or equal to a target size.

In this case, an electrode arrangement is used for an electrodynamic fragmentation system, with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and with a pair of electrodes or a plurality of electrode pairs, by which or which, by applying the electrodes of the respective electrode pair with high voltage pulses, each high voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passage can be generated, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts. A passage opening in the sense according to claim may have a relatively small axial extent in the direction of passage, while a passage channel in the sense according to a much more pronounced extent in the direction of passage and in particular is present when seen in the passage direction in several planes axially arranged in succession.

The electrodes of the electrode pairs may be formed by separate individual electrodes and / or electrode projections on one or more electrically conductive electrode bodies. In the case of individual electrodes, these can be electrically insulated from one another or can also be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner. Also, multiple electrode pairs may share a single electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body as a common electrode. Thus, for example, a plurality of pairs of electrodes may be formed by assigning a single electrode or an electrode protrusion to be acted upon by high voltage pulses to a plurality of ground electrodes of individual electrodes or electrode protrusions of an electrode body lying at ground potential, so that a high voltage breakdown per voltage pulse over one of the so formed electrode pairs takes place, depending on the current conductivity situation in the area of the electrode pairs.

The passage opening or the through-passage is designed in such a way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passage channel is formed by the electrodes of the pair of electrodes or the pairs of electrodes in such a way that at least one of the pairs of electrodes in the region of a shortest connecting line between the electrodes , Adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line between the electrodes. A sphere is in the sense of the meaning "in the area of the shortest connecting line" between two electrodes, if the sum of their shortest connecting lines to these two electrodes is shorter than the shortest connecting line between the two electrodes.

In other words, therefore, an electrode assembly is used for an electrodynamic fragmentation system, with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and at least two electrodes, between which high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passageway by applying high voltage pulses, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts , In this case, the electrodes are arranged in such a manner within the passage opening or the passage channel or form such the passage opening or the passage that the smallest distance between two electrodes, between which high-voltage discharges can be generated, is smaller than the diameter of a largest ball, which the passage opening or Pass through the passageway in the region of these two electrodes.

In this case, the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement used designed so that pieces of material with a size less than or equal to the target size can pass through the passage opening or the passage, while pieces of material with a size greater than the target size can not pass through the passage opening or the passageway and are thereby retained by the electrode assembly.

The electrode assembly is acted upon on one side of its passage opening or its passage with fragmented material with a size greater than the target size, wherein any material pieces contained in the acted Fragmentiergut pieces can pass with a piece size less than or equal to the target size through the passage opening or the passageway

High voltage pulses are applied to the electrodes of the electrode arrangement, so that high-voltage discharges take place in the passage opening or the passageway, through which pieces of material projecting into or protruding into the passage opening or passageway are fragmented.

The pieces of material fragmented in this way to a size smaller than or equal to the target size are passed through the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement and thus removed from the fragmentation zone.

With the inventive method, it is possible to carry out an electrodynamic fragmentation of material (Fragmentiergut) in an economical manner with significantly smaller electrode distances than the target size of the crushed material, which has the advantage that even with inexpensive high-voltage generators fragmentation to relatively large target sizes possible becomes.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the electrode arrangement has a plurality of pairs of electrodes, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passage can be generated by subjecting the respectively associated electrodes with high-voltage pulses to fragmentation of the material to be fragmented. Advantageously, the passage opening or the passageway is designed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway is formed by the electrodes of the pairs of electrodes such that each pair of electrodes in the region of the shortest connecting line between its electrodes, preferably adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes. Thus, in the region of each of the pairs of electrodes, one ball can preferably pass through the passage opening or the through-passage, whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes.

With such an electrode arrangement, it is possible to carry out an electrodynamic fragmentation of fragmented material in an economical manner with relatively small high-voltage pulses in the entire region of the passage opening or of the passage channel.

Preferably, the electrode arrangement used is designed such that seen in the passage direction of the passage opening or the passageway on both sides of the respective shortest connecting lines between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair in the region of this shortest connecting line, Preferably adjacent to one of the electrodes or both electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line. As a result, electrode arrangements with particularly good fragmentation performance are possible.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the electrode arrangement is designed such that the diameter of the respective ball, which in the region of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, preferably adjacent to at least one of the two electrodes of the respective electrode pair, through the passage opening or the passageway can pass, each greater than 1.2 times, preferably as 1.5 times the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode assembly has a round or angular, preferably circular basic or cross-sectional shape, in which in particular radially from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel forth one or more advantageous with bar or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude into the passage opening or the passage, preferably with the release of the center of the passage opening or the passageway. Such electrode assemblies are easy to manufacture and also allow designs in which worn electrode projections can be easily replaced from the outside.

In another preferred embodiment of the method, the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or Cross-sectional shape. Under a passage opening or a passageway with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape is here understood in the broadest sense, a passage opening or a passageway which extends or circumferentially seen around in the direction of flow forming around its inner boundaries around body. In this case, the annular base or cross-sectional shape have a variety of geometric shapes, for example, star-shaped or polygonal, in particular rectangular or square formed or have the shape of an elliptical ring or a circular ring. In addition, this can have a uniform width or a varying width over its circumference in the flow direction.

As a result, the design options with respect to the passage opening or the passage are significantly extended and embodiments are possible in which a plurality of electrode pairs, which are provided for generating high-voltage discharges in the passage opening or the passage, with high voltage pulses can be applied via a central high voltage supply.

It is preferred that from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway and / or from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel forth one or more advantageously rod or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude into the passage opening or the passageway. As a result, as seen across the circumference of the passage opening or of the passage channel, a plurality of passage passages for fragmented material shredded to the target size can be created, which are bounded in each case by pairs of electrodes which apply high-voltage discharges to any adjacent pieces of fragmentation material which are larger than the target variable and thereby fragment them until they have reached the target size and the passage opening or the Passage passage can pass through the respective passage passage.

Furthermore, it is preferred for the electrode projections to project into the passage opening or into the passage channel perpendicular to the intended passage direction or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction. In the former case, there is the advantage that such electrode arrangements are relatively easy to manufacture with replaceable electrode projections and can be provided in accordance with cost. In the latter case, there is the advantage that the electrode projections are directed towards Fragmentiergut, which increases the likelihood of direct contact with the Fragmentiergut, which, in particular for certain piece sizes of Fragmentierguts, a further improvement in the efficiency of the fragmentation process is made possible.

It is also preferred that the inner boundaries and / or the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel are each formed by an insulator body, which carries individual electrode projections. This makes it possible to replace worn electrode projections in a cost-effective manner, without having to replace the entire boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel for this purpose. In this case, the electrode projections may be electrically insulated from each other or some or all of the electrode projections, e.g. be electrically connected to one another via a connecting line running in the insulator body.

In a preferred variant of the two previously described embodiments of the preferred embodiment of the method with use of an electrode arrangement with an annular passage opening or annular passageway project from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel forth in each case a plurality of rod or tip-shaped electrode projections in the passage opening or the passageway into it. In this case, each of the electrode projections, which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening or the through-passage, in each case at least two of the electrode projections, which protrude from the outer boundaries in the passage opening or the passageway. As a result, the respective electrode projection arranged on the inner boundaries together with the associated electrode projections forms a plurality of electrode pairs at the outer boundaries, which share these as a common electrode. Accordingly, a high-voltage discharge emanating from the respective electrode projection disposed on the inner boundary will take place, depending on the conductivity situation in the region between this electrode projection and the associated electrode projections on the outer boundaries, to one of the associated electrode projections on the outer boundaries. As a result of this configuration, with each electrode projection disposed on the inner boundaries, a plurality of fragmentation zones can be formed within the passage opening or the passageway.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, one or more preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement into the passage opening or the passageway, while the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passageway channel from a single electrode are formed, which is preferably annular. The outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel therefore form a circumferential electrode, which forms a pair of electrodes with each of the electrode projections. Such Electrode is robust and inexpensive to manufacture.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, a plurality of preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement into the passage opening or the passageway, with some or all of these electrode projections inclined in a direction opposite to the intended use Passage direction protrude into the passage opening or the passageway, preferably in such a way that their free ends are in the axial direction beyond a corporeality carrying these electrode projections. As a result, the probability of a direct contact of the electrode projections with the piece of material to be broken is further increased, which, as already mentioned, permits a further improvement in the efficiency of the fragmentation process, in particular for certain piece sizes of the material to be fragmented.

In an advantageous variant of the preferred embodiment of the method, in which an electrode arrangement is used in which the passage opening or the passage channel has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or cross-sectional shape, the inner boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel of a single, preferably disc-shaped , rod-shaped or spherical electrode formed. Such a design is robust and can be produced inexpensively.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the electrode arrangement used has a passage for Fragmentiergut, in which at different axial positions with respect to the intended direction of passage of the outer boundaries and / or, if present, of the inner boundaries of the passage channel forth preferably protrude rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections in the passageway. Such electrode arrangements are also referred to below as multi-stage electrode arrangements.

It is advantageous that protrude at different axial positions electrode protrusions at different circumferential positions of the outer boundaries and / or the inner boundaries in the passageway. With such electrode arrangements, a particularly intensive action by means of high-voltage discharges on the fragmentation material can be effected in a small space.

In such multi-stage electrode arrangements, part or all of the electrode projections arranged in the first axial position, as viewed in the direction of passage, project or project inclinedly into the passage channel in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage.

In this case, it is further preferred that at least some or all of the electrode projections projecting from the inner boundaries of the passage channel into the passage channel and arranged at the first axial position project in an inclined manner in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction into the passage channel. This results in the advantage, as already mentioned above, that the probability of a direct contact of the electrode projections with the material to be broken is further increased. This in turn has a positive effect on the efficiency of the fragmentation process.

Furthermore, when using such multi-stage electrode arrangements in the method, it is preferable that the electrode projections arranged in the axial direction at the axial position following the first axial position, ie the electrode projections arranged at a second, third, etc., axial position, perpendicular to the intended direction of passage or inclined in the direction of the intended direction of penetration protrude into the passageway. As a result, the passage of the crushed to target size Fragmentierguts is facilitated by the passageway.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method in which a multi-stage electrode arrangement is used, the electrode projections protrude into the passageway in such a way that it is impassable for a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which the passageway can happen, and has a height of more than 1.1 times, preferably more than 1.3 times this diameter. This makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergutstücke with Zielkorndurchmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut consists essentially of compact pieces and contains little or no long grain.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, in which an electrode arrangement is used with electrode projections projecting radially from the outer boundaries and / or, where present, from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or passage channel, the electrode projections are Seen in accordance with the intended direction of passage uniformly distributed on the circumference of the outer boundaries and / or the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway. This results in a geometry of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which favors the fragmentation of Fragmentierguts in uniform as possible pieces.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, a blocking device is arranged on the intended exit side of the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode assembly, which with respect to their geometry is such and with respect to the passage opening or the passageway arranged such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball , which can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel, can be led away from the passage opening or the passage channel, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel and having a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, through the barrier means at the exit of the passage opening or the passage skanals is prevented. This also makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergutstücke with Zielkorndurchmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut is substantially compact and contains virtually no long grain.

It is advantageous that the locking device is designed as a deflection device for the exiting Fragmentiergut, which is designed with respect to their distance from the electrodes and the deflection angle such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage by the deflecting device can be guided away from the passage opening or from the passage channel, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the deflection at leaving the passage opening or the passageway. Preferably, such deflection devices are formed by one or more inclined plates. Such locking devices are effective and inexpensive to manufacture.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the application of the material to be fragmented material and the passage of the fragmented pieces of material through the passage opening or through the passageway by means of gravity conveying the electrode assembly is effected. This has the advantage that no auxiliary devices for the transport of Fragmentierguts to the Fragmentierzone and after fragmenting away from this are needed.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement is flooded with a process liquid during the generation of the high-voltage discharges. In a preferred variant, the passage opening or the passageway is flowed through in the material passage direction with the process liquid. The latter measure favors the removal of fine Fragmentiergutpartikeln from the Fragmentierzone, which have a negative effect on the fragmentation performance, favored.

A second aspect of the invention relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation apparatus for use in the method according to the first aspect of the invention. The electrode arrangement has a passage opening or a passageway for fragmentation material as well as a pair of electrodes or a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which or which, by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, respectively high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passage, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts. A passage opening in the sense according to claim may have a relatively small axial extent in the direction of passage, while a passage channel in the sense according to a much more pronounced extent in the direction of passage and in particular is present when seen in the passage direction in several planes axially arranged in succession.

The electrodes of the electrode pairs may be formed by separate individual electrodes and / or electrode projections on one or more electrically conductive electrode bodies. In the case of individual electrodes, these can be electrically insulated from one another or can also be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner. Also, multiple electrode pairs may share a single electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body as a common electrode. Thus, e.g. a plurality of pairs of electrodes may be formed in that a to be acted upon by high voltage pulses electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body to be acted upon with high voltage individual electrodes or electrode projections of an electrode lying at ground electrode are assigned to ground potential, so that a high voltage breakdown per voltage pulse via one of the electrode pairs thus formed takes place , depending on the current conductivity situation in the area of the electrode pairs.

The passage opening or the passageway channel is formed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed by the electrodes of the electrode pair or the electrode pairs such that at least one of the electrode pairs is in the region of a shortest connecting line between the electrodes , preferably with adjoining one or both electrodes of this electrode pair, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line between the electrodes. A sphere is in the sense of the meaning "in the area of the shortest connecting line" between two electrodes, if the sum of their shortest connecting lines to these two electrodes is shorter than the shortest connecting line between the two electrodes.

In other words, the second aspect of the invention thus relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and at least two electrodes, between which high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passageway by applying the same high voltage pulses to Fragmentation of the Fragmentierguts. In this case, the electrodes are arranged in such a manner within the passage opening or the passage channel or form such the passage opening or the passage that the smallest distance between two electrodes, between which high-voltage discharges can be generated, is smaller than the diameter of a largest ball, which the passage opening or Pass through the passageway in the region of these two electrodes.

With such an electrode arrangement, it is basically possible, at least in a partial region of the electrode arrangement, to perform an electrodynamic fragmentation of fragmented material in an economical manner with relatively small high-voltage pulses. This also gives rise to the possibility, by retrofitting existing systems with the electrode arrangement according to the invention, of significantly expanding the realizable target value range of such systems in the direction of larger target variables.

According to the invention, the passage opening or the passageway of the electrode arrangement has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or cross-sectional shape. Under a passage opening or a passageway with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape is here understood in the broadest sense, a passage opening or a passageway which extends or circumferentially seen around in the direction of flow forming around its inner boundaries around body. In this case, the annular base or cross-sectional shape may have a wide variety of geometric shapes, e.g. star-shaped or polygonal, in particular rectangular or square be formed or have the shape of an elliptical ring or a circular ring. In addition, this can have a uniform width or a varying width over its circumference in the flow direction.

As a result, the design options with respect to the passage opening or the passage are significantly extended and embodiments are possible in which a plurality of electrode pairs, which are provided for generating high-voltage discharges in the passage opening or the passage, with high voltage pulses can be applied via a central high voltage supply.

In a preferred embodiment, the electrode arrangement has a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passageway can be generated by applying the respectively associated electrodes with high-voltage pulses, for fragmenting the fragmentation material. In this case, the passage opening or the passageway is advantageously designed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein in such a manner or the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed by the electrodes of the electrode pairs such that each electrode pair in the region of the shortest connecting line between its electrodes, preferably adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passageway whose diameter is greater than the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes. Thus, in the region of each of the pairs of electrodes, one ball can preferably pass through the passage opening or the through-passage, whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes.

With such an electrode arrangement, it is possible to carry out an electrodynamic fragmentation of fragmented material in an economical manner with relatively small high-voltage pulses in the entire region of the passage opening or of the passage channel.

Preferably, the electrode assembly is formed such that seen in the passage direction of the passage opening or the passageway on both sides of the respective shortest connecting lines between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair in the region of this shortest connecting line, preferably adjacent to one of the electrodes or both electrodes, a ball through the Passage opening or the passageway can pass through, whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line. As a result, electrode arrangements with particularly good fragmentation performance are possible.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electrode arrangement is designed such that the diameter of the respective ball, which in the region of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, preferably with adjoining at least one of the two Electrodes of the respective electrode pair, through which the passage opening or the passage channel can pass, in each case greater than 1.2 times, preferably as 1.5 times the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.

It is also preferable for one or more advantageously rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections to protrude from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel and / or from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel into the passage opening or the passage channel. As a result, as seen across the circumference of the passage opening or of the passage channel, a plurality of passage passages for fragmented material shredded to the target size can be created, which are bounded in each case by pairs of electrodes which apply high-voltage discharges to any adjacent pieces of fragmentation material which are larger than the target variable and thereby fragment them until they have reached the target size and the passage opening or the passageway can pass through the respective passage passage.

Furthermore, it is preferred for the electrode projections to project into the passage opening or into the passage channel perpendicular to the intended passage direction or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction. In the former case, there is the advantage that such electrode arrangements are relatively easy to manufacture with replaceable electrode projections and can be provided in accordance with cost. In the latter case, there is the advantage that the electrode projections are directed towards the item to be fragmented, which increases the probability of direct contact with the material to be fragmented, whereby, in particular for certain piece sizes of the item to be fragmented, another Improvement of the efficiency of the fragmentation process is made possible.

It is also preferred that the inner boundaries and / or the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel are each formed by an insulator body, which carries individual electrode projections. This makes it possible to replace worn electrode projections in a cost-effective manner, without having to replace the entire boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel for this purpose. In this case, the electrode projections may be electrically insulated from each other or some or all of the electrode projections, e.g. be electrically connected to one another via a connecting line running in the insulator body.

In a preferred variant of the two previously described embodiments of the preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement with an annular passage opening or annular passageway, a plurality of rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway into the passage opening or the Passage channel into it. In this case, each of the electrode projections, which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening or the through-passage, in each case at least two of the electrode projections, which protrude from the outer boundaries in the passage opening or the passageway. As a result, the respective electrode projection arranged on the inner boundaries together with the associated electrode projections forms a plurality of electrode pairs at the outer boundaries, which share these as a common electrode. Accordingly, a high-voltage discharge emanating from the respective electrode projection arranged on the inner boundary is interposed in the region between, depending on the conductivity situation this electrode projection and the associated electrode projections at the outer boundaries, take place to one of the associated electrode projections at the outer boundaries. As a result of this configuration, with each electrode projection disposed on the inner boundaries, a plurality of fragmentation zones can be formed within the passage opening or the passageway.

In a further preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, one or more preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or through-passage, while the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel are formed by a single electrode , which is preferably annular. The outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel therefore form a circumferential electrode, which forms a pair of electrodes with each of the electrode projections. Such an electrode is robust and inexpensive to manufacture.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, a plurality of preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or the passageway, with some or all of these electrode projections inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction in FIG protrude through the passage opening or the passageway, preferably such that their free ends are in the axial direction beyond a corporeality carrying these electrode projections. This further increases the likelihood of direct contact of the electrode projections with the material to be broken, which, as already mentioned, provides a further improvement, in particular for certain piece sizes of the material to be fragmented the efficiency of the fragmentation process allowed.

In an advantageous variant of the preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, in which the passage opening or the passage channel has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or cross-sectional shape, the inner boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel are formed by a single, preferably disc-shaped, rod-shaped or spherical electrode. Such a design is robust and can be produced inexpensively.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, the latter has a passage for fragmentation material in which, at different axial positions relative to the intended passage direction, the outer boundaries and / or, if present, the rod or tip-shaped, if present, of the inner boundaries of the passage channel Protrude electrode projections in the passageway. Such electrode arrangements are also referred to below as multi-stage electrode arrangements.

It is advantageous that protrude at different axial positions electrode protrusions at different circumferential positions of the outer boundaries and / or the inner boundaries in the passageway. With such electrode arrangements, a particularly intensive action by means of high-voltage discharges on the fragmentation material can be effected in a small space.

In such multi-stage electrode arrangements, part or all of the electrode projections arranged in the first axial position, as viewed in the direction of passage, project or project inclinedly into the passage channel in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage.

In this case, it is further preferred that at least some or all of the electrode projections projecting from the inner boundaries of the passage channel into the passage channel and arranged at the first axial position project in an inclined manner in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction into the passage channel. This results in the advantage, as already mentioned above, that the probability of a direct contact of the electrode projections with the material to be broken is further increased. This in turn has a positive effect on the efficiency of the fragmentation process.

Furthermore, in such multi-stage electrode arrangements, it is preferable for the electrode projections arranged in the axial position following the first axial position, ie the electrode projections arranged at a second, third and axial position, to be perpendicular to the intended direction of passage or inclined in the direction of the Proper passage direction project into the passageway. As a result, the passage of the crushed to target size Fragmentierguts is facilitated by the passageway.

In a further preferred embodiment of the multi-stage electrode arrangement, the electrode projections protrude into the passage so that it is impassable for a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, preferably more than 1.3 times this diameter. This makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergutstücke with Zielkorndurchmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut substantially consists of compact pieces and contains little or no long grain.

In a further preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, with electrode projections protruding radially from the outer boundaries and / or, where present, from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel into the passage opening or the passage channel, the electrode projections are uniform in the intended passage direction uniformly on the periphery of the outer Borders and / or the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway distributed. This results in a geometry of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which favors the fragmentation of Fragmentierguts in uniform as possible pieces.

In yet a further preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, a blocking device is arranged on the intended exit side of the passage opening or the passage channel, which is designed with respect to their geometry and with respect to the passage opening or the passageway arranged such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which the passage opening or the passage channel can pass, can be led away from the passage opening or the passage channel, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a Height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, hinder by the locking device leaving the passage opening or the passageway rt is. This also makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergutstücke with Zielkorndurchmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut is essentially compact and contains virtually no long grain.

It is advantageous that the locking device is designed as a deflection device for the exiting Fragmentiergut, which is designed with respect to their distance from the electrodes and the deflection angle such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage , can be guided away from the passage opening or from the passage channel by the deflection device, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the deflection at the exit of the passage opening or the passageway. Preferably, such deflection devices are formed by one or more inclined plates. Such locking devices are effective and inexpensive to manufacture.

A third aspect of the invention relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and with one pair of electrodes or a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which by applying the electrodes of the respective electrode pair with high voltage pulses, each high voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passageway can be generated, for fragmenting the Fragmentierguts. A passage opening in the sense according to the sense may have a relatively small axial extent in the direction of passage, while a passageway in the sense according to a much more pronounced extent in Has passage direction and in particular present when seen in the direction of passage electrodes are arranged axially in succession in several planes.

The electrodes of the electrode pairs may be formed by separate individual electrodes and / or electrode projections on one or more electrically conductive electrode bodies. In the case of individual electrodes, these can be electrically insulated from one another or can also be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner. Also, multiple electrode pairs may share a single electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body as a common electrode. Thus, e.g. a plurality of pairs of electrodes may be formed in that a to be acted upon by high voltage pulses electrode or an electrode projection of an electrode body to be acted upon with high voltage individual electrodes or electrode projections of an electrode lying at ground electrode are assigned to ground potential, so that a high voltage breakdown per voltage pulse via one of the electrode pairs thus formed takes place , depending on the current conductivity situation in the area of the electrode pairs.

The passage opening or the passageway channel is formed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway channel is formed by the electrodes of the electrode pair or the electrode pairs such that at least one of the electrode pairs is in the region of a shortest connecting line between the electrodes , Adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line between the electrodes. A sphere is in the sense of the meaning then "in the area of the shortest connecting line" between two electrodes, if the Sum of their shortest connecting lines to these two electrodes is shorter than the shortest connecting line between the two electrodes.

In other words, the third aspect of the invention thus relates to an electrode assembly for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a passage opening or a passage for Fragmentiergut and at least two electrodes, between which high voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening or the passageway by applying the same high voltage pulses to Fragmentation of the Fragmentierguts. In this case, the electrodes are arranged in such a manner within the passage opening or the passage channel or form such the passage opening or the passage that the smallest distance between two electrodes, between which high-voltage discharges can be generated, is smaller than the diameter of a largest ball, which the passage opening or Pass through the passageway in the region of these two electrodes.

With such an electrode arrangement, it is basically possible, at least in a partial region of the electrode arrangement, to perform an electrodynamic fragmentation of fragmented material in an economical manner with relatively small high-voltage pulses. This also gives rise to the possibility, by retrofitting existing systems with the electrode arrangement according to the invention, of significantly expanding the realizable target value range of such systems in the direction of larger target variables.

According to the invention, a blocking device is arranged on the intended exit side of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which is designed with respect to their geometry and with respect to the passage opening or the passageway arranged such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which the passage opening or the passageway can pass, can be led away from the passage opening or the passageway, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the locking device at the exit of the passage opening or the passageway.

This also makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergutstücke with Zielkorndurchmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut is substantially compact and contains virtually no long grain.

In a preferred embodiment, the electrode arrangement has a plurality of electrode pairs, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or the passageway can be generated by applying the respectively associated electrodes with high-voltage pulses, for fragmenting the fragmentation material. Advantageously, the passage opening or the passageway is designed in this way and the electrodes of the electrode pairs are arranged therein or the passage opening or the passageway is formed by the electrodes of the pairs of electrodes such that each pair of electrodes in the region of the shortest connecting line between its electrodes, preferably adjacent to one or both electrodes of this pair of electrodes, a ball can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes. It may therefore be in the area of each of the pairs of electrodes in each case pass through a ball through the passage opening or the passage channel whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair.

With such an electrode arrangement, it is possible to carry out an electrodynamic fragmentation of fragmented material in an economical manner with relatively small high-voltage pulses in the entire region of the passage opening or of the passage channel.

Preferably, the electrode assembly is formed such that seen in the passage direction of the passage opening or the passageway on both sides of the respective shortest connecting lines between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair in the region of this shortest connecting line, preferably adjacent to one of the electrodes or both electrodes, a ball through the Passage opening or the passageway can pass through, whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line. As a result, electrode arrangements with particularly good fragmentation performance are possible.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electrode arrangement is designed such that the diameter of the respective ball, which in the region of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, preferably adjacent to at least one of the two electrodes of the respective electrode pair, through the passage opening or can pass through the passageway, each greater than 1.2 times, preferably as 1.5 times the length of the respective shortest connecting line between the electrodes.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, the passage opening or passage channel has a round or angular, Preferably, circular basic or cross-sectional shape, wherein in particular radially from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel forth one or more advantageously rod or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude into the passage opening or the passageway, preferably with the release of the center of the passage opening or of the passageway. Such electrode assemblies are easy to manufacture and also allow designs in which worn electrode projections can be easily replaced from the outside.

In another preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, the passage opening or the passage channel has an annular, preferably annular basic shape or cross-sectional shape. Under a passage opening or a passageway with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape is here understood in the broadest sense, a passage opening or a passageway which extends or circumferentially seen around in the direction of flow forming around its inner boundaries around body. In this case, the annular base or cross-sectional shape may have a wide variety of geometric shapes, e.g. star-shaped or polygonal, in particular rectangular or square be formed or have the shape of an elliptical ring or a circular ring. In addition, this can have a uniform width or a varying width over its circumference in the flow direction.

As a result, the design options with respect to the passage opening or the passage are significantly extended and embodiments are possible in which a plurality of electrode pairs, which are provided for generating high-voltage discharges in the passage opening or the passage, with high voltage pulses can be applied via a central high voltage supply.

It is preferred that from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway and / or from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passage channel forth one or more advantageously rod or tip-shaped electrode projections protrude into the passage opening or the passageway. As a result, as seen across the circumference of the passage opening or of the passage channel, a plurality of passage passages for fragmented material shredded to the target size can be created, which are bounded in each case by pairs of electrodes which apply high-voltage discharges to any adjacent pieces of fragmentation material which are larger than the target variable and thereby fragment them until they have reached the target size and the passage opening or the passageway can pass through the respective passage passage.

Furthermore, it is preferred for the electrode projections to project into the passage opening or into the passage channel perpendicular to the intended passage direction or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction. In the former case, there is the advantage that such electrode arrangements are relatively easy to manufacture with replaceable electrode projections and can be provided in accordance with cost. In the latter case, there is the advantage that the electrode projections are directed towards Fragmentiergut, which increases the likelihood of direct contact with the Fragmentiergut, which, in particular for certain piece sizes of Fragmentierguts, a further improvement in the efficiency of the fragmentation process is made possible.

It is also preferred that the inner boundaries and / or the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway are each formed by an insulator body, which individual Carries electrode projections. This makes it possible to replace worn electrode projections in a cost-effective manner, without having to replace the entire boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel for this purpose. In this case, the electrode projections may be electrically insulated from one another or some or all of the electrode projections, for example via a connecting line running in the insulator body, may be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner.

In a preferred variant of the two previously described embodiments of the preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement with an annular passage opening or annular passageway, a plurality of rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or the passageway into the passage opening or the Passage channel into it. In this case, each of the electrode projections, which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening or the through-passage, in each case at least two of the electrode projections, which protrude from the outer boundaries in the passage opening or the passageway. As a result, the respective electrode projection arranged on the inner boundaries together with the associated electrode projections forms a plurality of electrode pairs at the outer boundaries, which share these as a common electrode. Accordingly, a high-voltage discharge emanating from the respective electrode projection disposed on the inner boundary will take place, depending on the conductivity situation in the region between this electrode projection and the associated electrode projections on the outer boundaries, to one of the associated electrode projections on the outer boundaries. With this configuration can be with each arranged on the inner boundaries electrode projection form multiple fragmentation zones within the passage opening or the passageway.

In a further preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, one or more preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or through-passage, while the outer boundaries of the passage opening or passage passage are formed by a single electrode , which is preferably annular. The outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel therefore form a circumferential electrode, which forms a pair of electrodes with each of the electrode projections. Such an electrode is robust and inexpensive to manufacture.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, a plurality of preferably rod-shaped or tip-shaped electrode projections project from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel into the passage opening or the passageway, with some or all of these electrode projections inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passage direction in FIG protrude through the passage opening or the passageway, preferably such that their free ends are in the axial direction beyond a corporeality carrying these electrode projections. As a result, the probability of a direct contact of the electrode projections with the piece of material to be broken is further increased, which, as already mentioned, permits a further improvement in the efficiency of the fragmentation process, in particular for certain piece sizes of the material to be fragmented.

In an advantageous variant of the preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, in which the passage opening or the passage channel a annular, preferably annular basic shape or cross-sectional shape, the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway are formed by a single, preferably disc-shaped, rod-shaped or spherical electrode. Such a design is robust and can be produced inexpensively.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement, the latter has a passage for fragmentation material in which, at different axial positions relative to the intended passage direction, the outer boundaries and / or, if present, the rod or tip-shaped, if present, of the inner boundaries of the passage channel Protrude electrode projections in the passageway. Such electrode arrangements are also referred to below as multi-stage electrode arrangements.

It is advantageous that protrude at different axial positions electrode protrusions at different circumferential positions of the outer boundaries and / or the inner boundaries in the passageway. With such electrode arrangements, a particularly intensive action by means of high-voltage discharges on the fragmentation material can be effected in a small space.

In such multi-stage electrode arrangements, part or all of the electrode projections arranged in the first axial position, as viewed in the direction of passage, project or project inclinedly into the passage channel in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage.

It is further preferred that at least some or all of the projecting from the inner boundaries of the passageway forth in the passageway and arranged at the first axial position electrode projections inclined in a direction opposite to Proper passage direction project into the passageway. This results in the advantage, as already mentioned above, that the probability of a direct contact of the electrode projections with the material to be broken is further increased. This in turn has a positive effect on the efficiency of the fragmentation process.

Furthermore, in such multi-stage electrode arrangements, it is preferable for the electrode projections arranged in the axial position following the first axial position, ie the electrode projections arranged at a second, third and axial position, to be perpendicular to the intended direction of passage or inclined in the direction of the Proper passage direction project into the passageway. As a result, the passage of the crushed to target size Fragmentierguts is facilitated by the passageway.

In a further preferred embodiment of the multi-stage electrode arrangement, the electrode projections protrude into the passage so that it is impassable for a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, preferably more than 1.3 times this diameter. This makes it possible to make the passage channel impassable for long Fragmentiergutstücke with Zielkorndurchmesser and thereby cause the emerging from the passageway Fragmentiergut consists essentially of compact pieces and contains little or no long grain.

In a further preferred embodiment of the electrode arrangement with radially from the outer and / or, where present, from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel forth in the Passage opening or the electrode projections projecting into the passageway are arranged the electrode projections in the intended passage direction evenly distributed on the circumference of the outer boundaries and / or the inner boundaries of the passage opening and the passageway. This results in a geometry of the passage opening or of the passage channel, which favors the fragmentation of Fragmentierguts in uniform as possible pieces.

It is also advantageous that the locking device is designed as a deflection device for the exiting Fragmentiergut, which is designed with respect to their distance from the electrodes and the deflection angle such that a ball with the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage , can be guided away from the passage opening or from the passage channel by the deflection device, while a cylindrical body with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball, which can pass through the passage opening or the passage, and a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular more than 1.3 times this diameter, is prevented by the deflection at the exit of the passage opening or the passageway. Preferably, such deflection devices are formed by one or more inclined plates. Such locking devices are effective and inexpensive to manufacture.

A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a fragmentation system for electrodynamic fragmentation fragmentation with at least one electrode assembly according to the second or third aspect of the invention and with a high voltage pulse generator for applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes of the electrode assembly. The use of the inventive Electrode arrangements in such systems correspond to their intended use.

In a preferred embodiment of the fragmentation system, the electrode arrangement is oriented in such a way that the passage opening or the passageway has a vertical passage direction. In this way it becomes possible to effect the pressurization of the electrode assembly with the material to be fragmented and the passage of the fragmented material pieces through the passage opening or the passageway exclusively by means of gravity conveying.

In a further preferred embodiment of the fragmentation system, the electrode arrangement has a passage opening or a passageway with an annular, preferably annular, basic or cross-sectional shape. In this case, the high-voltage pulse generator is arranged below the passage opening or the passage and the electrodes formed on the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel are subjected to high voltage pulses directly from below with the high voltage pulse generator.

It is further preferred that the outer boundary of the passage opening or the passage or the electrodes arranged on these outer boundaries are at ground potential. As a result, only the lead of the high voltage pulse generator leading to the electrodes formed at the inner boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel has to be insulated, and very short supply paths can be realized, which is preferred.

A fifth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the fragmentation plant according to the fourth aspect of the invention for fragmenting poorly conductive material, preferably silicon, concrete or slag. In such uses, the benefits of the invention are particularly evident.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

• Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine erste nicht-erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine zweite nicht-erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine dritte nicht-erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf eine vierte nicht-erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine fünfte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 6 eine Draufsicht auf eine sechste erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht auf eine siebte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 8 eine Draufsicht auf eine achte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 8a eine Draufsicht auf eine neunte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 8b einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer ersten erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 8a;
• Fig. 9 eine Draufsicht auf eine zehnte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 10 eine Draufsicht auf eine elfte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 11 eine Draufsicht auf eine zwölfte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 11a einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer zweiten erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 11;
• Fig. 11b eine Darstellung wie Fig. 11a mit der erfindungsgemässen Anlage im Fragmentierungsbetrieb;
• Fig. 11c eine Darstellung wie Fig. 11a mit schematisch dargestellten kugel- und zylinderförmigen Körpern angeordnet in der Durchtrittsöffnung;
• Fig. 11d eine Darstellung wie Fig. 11a mit einem in der Elektrodenanordnung angeordnetem Langkorn-Fragment;
• Fig. 11e eine Darstellung wie Fig. 11a der zweiten erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit einer Variante der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 11;
• Fig. 12 eine Draufsicht auf eine dreizehnte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 12a einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer dritten erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 12;
• Fig. 12b eine Darstellung wie Fig. 12a der dritten erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit einer Variante der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 12;
• Fig. 13 eine Draufsicht auf eine vierzehnte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 14 eine Draufsicht auf eine fünfzehnte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung;
• Fig. 14a einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer vierten erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 14;
• Fig. 14b eine Darstellung wie Fig. 14a der vierten erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit einer Variante der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 14;
• Fig. 15 eine Draufsicht auf eine sechzehnte erfindungsgemässe Elektrodenanordnung; und
• Fig. 15a einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil einer fünften erfindungsgemässen Fragmentierungsanlage mit der Elektrodenanordnung aus Fig. 15.

Further embodiments, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description with reference to FIGS. Showing:

• Fig. 1 a plan view of a first non-inventive electrode assembly;
• Fig. 2 a plan view of a second non-inventive electrode assembly;
• Fig. 3 a plan view of a third non-inventive electrode assembly;
• Fig. 4 a plan view of a fourth non-inventive electrode assembly;
• Fig. 5 a plan view of a fifth inventive electrode arrangement;
• Fig. 6 a plan view of a sixth inventive electrode arrangement;
• Fig. 7 a plan view of a seventh inventive electrode arrangement;
• Fig. 8 a plan view of an eighth electrode arrangement according to the invention;
• Fig. 8a a plan view of a ninth electrode arrangement according to the invention;
• Fig. 8b a vertical section through a portion of a first inventive fragmentation with the electrode assembly Fig. 8a ;
• Fig. 9 a plan view of a tenth inventive electrode arrangement according to the invention;
• Fig. 10 a plan view of an eleventh inventive electrode arrangement;
• Fig. 11 a plan view of a twelfth inventive electrode arrangement;
• Fig. 11a a vertical section through a portion of a second fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode assembly Fig. 11 ;
• Fig. 11b a representation like Fig. 11a with the inventive system in Fragmentierungsbetrieb;
• Fig. 11c a representation like Fig. 11a with schematically illustrated spherical and cylindrical bodies arranged in the passage opening;
• Fig. 11d a representation like Fig. 11a with a long grain fragment disposed in the electrode assembly;
• Fig. 11e a representation like Fig. 11a the second fragmentation system according to the invention with a variant of the electrode arrangement Fig. 11 ;
• Fig. 12 a plan view of a thirteenth inventive electrode arrangement;
• Fig. 12a a vertical section through part of a third inventive fragmentation with the electrode assembly Fig. 12 ;
• Fig. 12b a representation like Fig. 12a of the third fragmentation system according to the invention with a variant of the electrode arrangement Fig. 12 ;
• Fig. 13 a plan view of a fourteenth inventive electrode arrangement;
• Fig. 14 a plan view of a fifteenth inventive electrode assembly according to the invention;
• Fig. 14a a vertical section through part of a fourth inventive fragmentation with the electrode assembly Fig. 14 ;
• Fig. 14b a representation like Fig. 14a the fourth fragmentation system according to the invention with a variant of the electrode arrangement Fig. 14 ;
• Fig. 15 a plan view of a sixteenth inventive electrode arrangement according to the invention; and
• Fig. 15a a vertical section through part of a fifth fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 15 ,

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 shows a first non-inventive electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant in plan view. As can be seen, the electrode assembly has a passage opening 1 with a rectangular basic or cross-sectional shape for Fragmentiergut, from the outer boundaries of which three rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c protrude into this, leaving the center of the passage opening. 1

The outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by an insulator body 7. The electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c are formed by individual electrodes carried by the insulator body 7.

The two jointly arranged on one side of the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 electrodes 5b, 5c are electrically conductively connected via a line (not visible) and isolated via the insulator body 7 electrically opposite to the electrode 5a opposite them. In this way, the three electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c form two electrode pairs 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c, by means of which, by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes, e.g. by the two lower electrodes 5b, 5c are placed at ground potential, while the upper electrode 5a is connected to a high voltage pulse generator, each high voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated, for fragmentation fragmentation, which enters into the passage opening 1 or in the vicinity one of the electrode pairs is located.

In this case, the passage opening 1 is formed in this way and the electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c are arranged in such a way that each electrode pair 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c of the respective electrode pair (each shown dotted) a ball K (shown in dashed lines) can pass through the passage opening 1, whose diameter is greater than the length of each respective shortest connecting line L.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a second non-inventive electrode assembly, which differs from the in Fig.1 differs in that its passage opening 1 has a circular base or cross-sectional shape, from the outer boundaries of which two rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b protrude radially into this, likewise leaving the center of the passage opening first

Again, the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by an insulator body 7 and the electrode projections 5a, 5b of individual electrodes, which are supported by the insulator body 7.

Accordingly, the two electrodes 5a, 5b form an electrode pair 5a, 5b, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated.

In this case, the passage opening 1 is also formed in this way and the electrodes 5a, 5b are arranged in such a way that in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes 5a, 5b (shown in dotted lines) a ball K (shown in phantom) passes through the passage opening 1 can, whose diameter is greater than the length of this connecting line L.

Fig. 3 shows a third non-inventive electrode assembly in plan view, which differs from the in Fig.1 only differs in that its passage opening 1 has a circular basic or cross-sectional shape, from the outer boundaries of the electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c protrude radially into this. All the rest before to the in Fig.1 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.

Fig. 4 shows a fourth non-inventive electrode assembly in plan view, which differs from the in Fig.2 only differs in that it consists of two successively arranged electrode arrangements according to Fig. 2 consists, which have a common insulator body 7, and that the rear electrode assembly is rotated by 90 ° relative to the front. The electrodes 5c, 5d of the rear electrode assembly are here shown dotted to indicate that they are disposed in a plane behind the electrodes 5a, 5b of the front electrode assemblies. All the rest previously to the in Fig.2 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.

Fig. 5 shows a plan view of a fifth inventive electrode arrangement. In this embodiment, the electrode arrangement has a passage 2 with an annular base or cross-sectional shape whose outer boundaries are formed by a rectangular metal tube 5, for example made of stainless steel. The inner boundaries of the passage 2 are formed by a solid metal profile 4, for example also made of stainless steel, with a square cross-section, which is arranged in the center of the tube 5 and the outer surfaces with the opposite inner surfaces of the rectangular metal tube 5 each form 45 °. In the present case, the corners of the solid profile 4 serve as electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which, together with the respective inner wall region of the metal pipe 5 opposite to them, each have a pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 form, by means of, by applying the rectangular metal tube. 5 and the full metal profile 4 with high voltage pulses, for example by the tube 5 is placed at ground potential while the solid section 4 is connected to a high voltage pulse generator, each high voltage discharges within the passageway 2 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are shown dotted.

In this case, as can be seen, the passageway channel 2 is formed by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5 such that each electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage channel 2, whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line L.

Fig. 6 shows a sixth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 5 differs in that the center of the rectangular metal tube 5 is not a solid metal profile 4 is arranged with a square cross-section, but an insulator body 6 with a circular cross-section, each of which in the direction of one of the corners of the rectangular metal tube 5 pointing four electrode protrusions formed by individual electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d protrude radially outward. These electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are screwed into a conductor (not shown) running in the center of the insulator body 6 and are thereby connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner, so that they can be acted upon by this conductor together with high-voltage pulses.

In the present case, each of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, together with each of the two opposite inner walls of the rectangular metal tube 5 respectively forms an electrode pair, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage 2 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs thus formed are each shown dotted.

Here, too, the passageway 2 is so formed and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5 arranged such that in each of the eight by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the respective two each electrode 4a, 4b, 4c , 4d opposite inner walls of the rectangular stainless steel tube 5 electrode pairs formed in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair a ball K can pass through the passageway 2 whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair.

Fig. 7 shows a plan view of a seventh inventive electrode arrangement. In this embodiment, the electrode arrangement has a passage opening 1 with an annular basic or cross-sectional shape, the outer boundaries of which are formed by a metal ring 5. The inner boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by a star-shaped electrode body 4, also made of metal, which is arranged in the center of the ring 5. The star-shaped electrode body 4 forms four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which in each case together with the respective inner wall region of the ring 5 surrounding the electrode body 4, a pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 form, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage channel 2 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are shown dotted.

As can be seen, the passage opening 1 is in this case formed by the metal ring 5 and the electrode body 4 or by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5, that per pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5.

Fig. 8 shows an eighth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 7 differs only in that instead of the star-shaped electrode body, an insulator body 6 with electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged thereon as in the embodiment of Fig. 6 described in the center of the metal ring 5 is arranged.

In this case, each of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d forms, together with the respective inner wall region of the ring 5 surrounding the electrode body 4, an electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5, by means of which high-voltage discharges within the passage channel 2 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are again shown dotted.

In this way, the passage opening 1 is also formed here by the metal ring 5 and the insulator body 6 and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged thereon, such that each pair of electrodes 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5.

Fig. 8a shows a ninth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 8 shown electrode assembly only thereby differentiates that the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d project from the central insulator body 6 inclined in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage S into the passage opening 1.

How out Fig. 8b which shows a vertical section through part of a first fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 8a shows, the electrode assembly is oriented in the fragmentation such that its passage opening 1 has a vertical direction of passage S intended. In this case, the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d form the upper end of a high voltage electrode 9, which is connected to a directly below this arranged high voltage pulse generator (not shown), for applying the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d with high voltage pulses. The metal ring 5 is at ground potential.

Above the electrode assembly, i. on the inlet side of the electrode assembly, a feed hopper 13 is arranged, by means of which the Fragmentiergut to be crushed by gravity of the electrode assembly can be fed.

Below the electrode assembly, i. on the exit side of the electrode assembly, a deflection device in the form of a conical baffle 10 is arranged, which deflect the fragmenting material emerging from the electrode assembly and comminuted to target size radially outward and can lead away from the electrode assembly by gravity.

Fig. 9 shows a tenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 7 differs only in that the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are not formed by a metal ring, but by a tubular insulator body 7, which on its inner side in each case opposite to the individual electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of Star-shaped electrode body 4 carries lenticular individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d made of metal, which are connected via a connecting line (not shown) electrically conductive with each other.

The four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the star-shaped electrode body 4 each form, together with the respective individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d opposite them, an electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage channel 2 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are in turn each shown dotted.

Here, too, the passage opening 1 is formed by the tubular insulator body 7 with the individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d arranged thereon and the electrode body 4 such that each electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d.

Fig. 10 shows an eleventh inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 9 only differs in that instead of the star-shaped electrode body, a solid metal profile 4 with square cross section as in Fig. 5 is arranged in the center of the tubular insulator body 7.

Here, too, the corners of the solid profile 4 serve as electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which together with the respective lenticular individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d opposite them, respectively, have a pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d form, by means which high voltage discharges can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are again shown dotted.

This electrode arrangement has a passage 2 which is formed by the tubular insulator body 7 with the individual electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d arranged thereon and the electrode body 4 in such a way that each electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes, a ball K can pass through the passageway whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d.

Fig. 11 shows a twelfth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 8 differs in that the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed instead of a metal ring of a tubular insulator body 7, which on its inside uniformly distributed over its circumference radially into the passage opening 1 projecting rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h.

In this case, each of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which protrude from the central insulator body 6 in the radial direction into the passage opening 1, two of the rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h assigned, which are arranged on the inside of the tubular insulator body 7. In this way, with the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, which project from the inner and the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 in this, a total of eight pairs of electrodes 4a , 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h formed by means of which, respectively High voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective pairs of electrodes are again shown dotted.

As can be seen, the passage opening 1 is here of the tubular insulator body 7 with the electrode projections arranged thereon 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h and the central insulator body 6 with the electrode projections 4a, 4b arranged thereon, 4c, 4d formed that each pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of this shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective pair of electrodes 4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h.

The FIGS. 11a . 11b . 11c and 11d show vertical sections through a part of a second fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 11 , once without fragments ( Fig. 11a ), once with Fragmentiergut ( Fig. 11b ), once with schematically shown spherical and cylindrical bodies arranged in the passage opening ( Fig. 11c ) and once with a long grain fragment disposed in the passage opening 1 of the electrode assembly ( Fig. 11d ).

As can be seen from these figures, the electrode arrangement in the fragmentation system is oriented such that its passage opening 1 has a vertical passage direction S. In this case, the central insulator body 6 with the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d forms the upper end of a cylindrical high-voltage electrode 9, which is connected to a high-voltage pulse generator (not shown) directly below it, for acting on the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c. 4d with high voltage pulses. The electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h carried by the tubular insulator body 7 are grounded.

Above the electrode assembly, i. on the inlet side of the electrode assembly, a feed hopper 13 is arranged, by means of which the Fragmentiergut 3 to be crushed is fed by gravity of the electrode assembly.

Below the electrode assembly, ie on the exit side of the electrode assembly, a deflection device is arranged in the form of a conical deflecting plate 10, which deflects the fragmented material 11a emerging from the electrode assembly and comminuted to target size radially and moves away from the electrode assembly by gravity feed. As in particular from Fig. 11c it can be seen, the deflection device 10 forms a locking device which is formed with respect to their geometry and with respect to the passage opening 1 is arranged such that a cylindrical body Z with hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball K, which the passage opening can happen in the respective passage area, and having a height of more than 1.3 times this diameter is prevented by this locking device 10 leaving the passage opening 1, while the largest ball K, which can pass through the passage opening 1 in the respective passage area the deflection device 10 can be led away from the passage opening 1.

This results in the in Fig. 11d illustrated advantage that long Fragmentiergutstücke 11 b are held in the passage opening 1 as long by acting as a locking device deflecting device 10 and further fragmented until they are short enough to pass the deflector 10 and led away from the passage opening 1. This can be achieved that the exiting Fragmentiergut consists essentially of compact pieces 11a and contains virtually no long grain 11b.

Fig. 11e shows a variant of the second inventive fragmentation plant. This is different from the one in Fig. 11a Fragmentation system shown only in that all electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h inclined in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage S in the passage opening 1 protrude. In this case, the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which project from the central insulator body 6 into the passage opening 1, form the upper end of the high-voltage electrode 9.

Fig. 12 shows a thirteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 11 differs only in that instead of the central insulator body with the electrode projections arranged thereon, a conical electrode 4 of metal forms the inner boundaries of the passage opening 1. In this case, the rod-shaped electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h projecting radially from the inside of the tubular insulator body 7 each form a total of eight electrode pairs 4, 5a with their opposite edge region of the conical electrode 4; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective pairs of electrodes are also shown dotted here.

As can be seen, in this case the passage opening 1 is formed by the tubular insulator body 7 with the electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h and the central cone electrode 4 arranged thereon, such that each pair of electrodes 4, 5a; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h in the region of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1 whose diameter is greater than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4, 5a; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h.

Fig. 12a shows a vertical section through part of a third fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 12 , This fragmentation plant differs from the fragmentation plant according to the Figures 11a-11d only by the design of the central high-voltage electrode 9, whose upper end is formed here by the conical electrode 4. All the rest to the in the Figures 11a-11d Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.

Fig. 12b shows a variant of the third inventive fragmentation plant. This is different from the one in Fig. 12a Fragmentation system shown only in that the arranged on the tubular insulator body 7 electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h inclined inclined in a direction opposite to the intended direction of passage S into the passage opening 1.

Fig. 13 shows a fourteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 9 only differs in that it consists of two successively arranged electrode arrangements according to Fig. 9 consists, which have a common insulator body 7, and that the rear electrode assembly is rotated by 45 ° relative to the front. The electrodes 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h and 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h of the rear electrode assembly are shown dotted here to indicate that they are in a plane behind the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d of the front electrode assembly are arranged. All the rest to the in Figure 9 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.

Fig. 14 shows a fifteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, which differs from the in Figure 11 only differs in that it consists of two successively arranged electrode arrangements according to Fig. 11 which have a common insulator body 7, and that the projecting from the central insulator body 6 in the passage channel 2 electrode projections 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h of the rear electrode assembly are rotated by 45 ° about the central axis of the electrode assembly. The electrode projections 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h of the rear electrode assembly are again shown dotted here to indicate that they are in a plane behind the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g , 5h of the front electrode assembly are arranged. The electrode projections 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p of the rear electrode assembly are not visible here because they are represented in this illustration by the electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h of the front Covered electrode assembly. However, they are partly in Fig. 14a visible, noticeable. All the rest to the in Figure 11 Statements made shown electrode assembly apply mutatis mutandis to this electrode assembly and therefore need not be repeated at this point.

Fig. 14a shows a vertical section through part of a fourth fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 14 ,

Also in this fragmentation system, the electrode arrangement is oriented such that the passage channel 2 has a vertical passage direction S. In this case, the central insulator body 6 forms with the eight circumferentially staggered electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h the upper end of a cylindrical high voltage electrode 9, which, as already in the fragmentation systems described above, with a directly below this arranged high voltage pulse generator is connected to common loading of the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h with high voltage pulses. The electrode projections 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p carried by the tubular insulator body 7 are put together at ground potential.

As in the case of the fragmentation systems described above, a feed hopper 13 is also arranged above the electrode arrangement, by means of which the fragmentation material 3 to be comminuted is fed by gravity to the electrode arrangement.

In this fragmentation system, below the electrode arrangement, i. on the outlet side of the electrode assembly, a frusto-conical configuration 8 of the insulator body 6 of the high-voltage electrode 9, a deflection device which deflects the fragmenting material emerging from the electrode assembly and shredded to target size radially and leads away from the electrode assembly by gravity.

Fig. 14b shows a variant of the fourth inventive fragmentation plant. This is different from the one in Fig. 14a in that all the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, which are arranged in the first axial position as seen in the direction of passage S, are inclined in a direction opposite to that intended Passage direction S protrude into the passageway 2. In this case, the four electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which protrude from the central insulator body 6 into the passage channel 2, form the upper end of the high-voltage electrode 9. The electrode projections 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p, which are arranged in the second axial position as viewed in the direction of passage S, project into the passage channel 2 perpendicular to the intended passage direction S.

Fig. 15 shows a sixteenth inventive electrode arrangement in plan view, and Fig. 15a a vertical section through part of a fifth fragmentation system according to the invention with the electrode arrangement Fig. 15 , These differ from the one in Figure 8 shown electrode assembly and the in Fig. 8a shown system essentially in that here the electrode projections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are supported by an electrically conductive lens-shaped body 14 which is adjacent on its underside to the insulator body 6 of the high voltage electrode 9 and at its intended direction of passage S opposite end face an insulator cap 15 carries. Another difference is that here the metal ring 5 forms an inlet funnel for the passage opening 1. As with all fragmentation systems described above, a feed hopper 13 is here also above the electrode assembly, that is arranged on the inlet side of the electrode assembly, by means of which the Fragmentiergut to be crushed is fed by gravity of the electrode assembly.

Likewise, as with all fragmentation systems described above, a deflecting device in the form of a deflection plate 10 is arranged below the electrode arrangement, ie on the exit side of the electrode arrangement, which redirects the fragmentation material emerging from the electrode arrangement and comminuted to target size and by gravity feed from the electrode arrangement leads away. In the present case, however, this baffle 10 is not conical in shape as in the fragmentation systems described above, but as a substantially flat oblique surface which is penetrated by the high voltage electrode 9.

While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the present application, it should be clearly understood that the invention is not limited to these and may be practiced otherwise within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (53)

1. Method for fragmenting of material by means of high-voltage discharges to a fragment size smaller than or equal to a target size, comprising the steps:

   a) providing an electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant having a passage opening (1) or a passage channel (2) for fragmentation material (3) and having one or several electrode pairs by means of which, by charging the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) thereof with high-voltage pulses, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) for fragmentation of fragmentation material (3), wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is designed in such a way and the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pairs are arranged therein in such a way or wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is formed by the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pairs in such a way that, in the area of a shortest connecting line (L) between the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of one of the electrode pairs, in particular with abutment to at least one of the two electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pair, a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this shortest connecting line (L),
   wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is designed in such a manner that material fragments (11a, 11b) having a fragment size equal to the target size can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) and material fragments (3) having a fragment size bigger than the target size are retained by the electrode arrangement,

   b) charging the electrode arrangement at one side of the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) with material (3) that is to be fragmented having a fragment size bigger than the target size;

   c) generating high-voltage discharges within the passage opening (1) or within the passage channel (2) by charging the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode arrangement with high-voltage pulses for fragmentation of the material (3) to a fragment size smaller than or equal to the target size; and

   d) passing the material fragments (11a, 11b) which have been fragmented to a fragment size smaller than or equal to the target size through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) of the electrode arrangement.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided which comprises several electrode pairs by means of which, by charging the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) thereof with high-voltage pulses, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening (1) or the passage channels (2) for fragmentation of fragmentation material (3), and wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is designed in such a way and the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) are arranged therein in such a way or wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is formed by the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) in such a way that for each electrode pair in the area of the shortest connecting line (L) between the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the respective electrode pair, in particular with abutment to at least one of the respective two dedicated electrodes, a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this respective shortest connecting line (L).
3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which, seen in passing-through direction (S), in each case on both sides of the shortest connecting line (L) in the area of the respective shortest connecting line (L), in particular with abutment to at least one of the two dedicated electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p), a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of the respective shortest connecting line (L).
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the diameter of the ball (K), which in the area of the respective shortest connecting line (L), in particular with abutment to at least one of the two dedicated electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p), can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), in each case is bigger than 1.2 times, in particular bigger than 1.5 times the length of this shortest connecting line (L).
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) has a basic shape or cross-sectional shape which is round or square, in particular is circular, and wherein from the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) one or several electrode protrusions (5a-5d), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), in particular in a way that they leave open the center of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2).
6. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) has a basic shape or cross-sectional shape which is ring-shaped, in particular has the shape of a circular ring.
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which from the inner boundaries and/or from the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), one or several electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
8. Method according to claim 5 or according to claim 7, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), which in particular have the shape of a stick or tip, perpendicularly to the intended passing-through direction (S) or inclined in a direction opposite to the the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
9. Method according to one of the claims 7 to 8, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the inner boundaries and/or the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) are formed by an isolator body (6, 7), which carries individual electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p).
10. Method according to one of the claims 7 to 9, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) several electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p) having the shape of a stick or tip protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), and in which to each of the electrode protrusions (4a-4d), which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening (1) or passage channel (2), in each case there are dedicated at least two of the electrode protrusions (5a-5h) which are protruding from the outer boundaries into the passage opening (1) or into the passage channel (2).
11. Method according to one of the claims 7 to 9, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which from the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) one or several electrode protrusions (4a-4d), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), and wherein the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) are formed by one single, in particular ring-shaped electrode (5).
12. Method according to one of the claims 7 to 11, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which from the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) several electrode protrusions (4a-4h), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), a part of which or all of which, inclined in a direction opposite to the the intended passing-through direction (S), protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), in particular in such a manner that their free ends in axial direction extend beyond a body which carries these electrode protrusions (4a-4h).
13. Method according to one of the claims 6 to 10, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) are formed by one single, in particular disc-shaped, stick-shaped or ball-shaped electrode (4).
14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided which comprises a passage channel (2) for fragmentation material (3), within which at different axial positions with respect to the intended passing-through direction (S), from the outer boundaries and/or from the inner boundaries of the passage channel (2) electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage channel (2).
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), which are arranged at different axial positions, at different circumferencial positions of the outer boundaries and/or of the inner boundaries protrude into the passage channel (2).
16. Method according to one of the claims 14 to 15, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which a part or all of the in particular stick-shaped or tip-shaped electrode protrusion (4a-4d; 5a-5h), which seen in passing-through direction (S) are arranged at the first axial position, inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage channel (2).
17. Method according to claim 16, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which at least a part or all of the in particular stick-shaped or tip-shaped electrode protrusion (4a-4d), which protrude from the inner boundaries of the passage channel (2) into the passage channel (2) and are arranged at the first axial position, inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage channel (2).
18. Method according to one of the claims 16 to 17, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the in particular stick-shaped or tip-shaped electrode protrusion (4e-4h; 5i-5p), which seen in passing-through direction (S) are arranged at an axial position following the first axial position, perpendicularly to the intended passing-through direction (S) or inclined in direction of the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage channel (2).
19. Method according to one of the claims 15 to 18, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p) protrude into the passage channel (2) in such a manner that the passage channel (2) cannot be passed by a cylindrical body (Z) having hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball that can pass through the passage channel (2) and has a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular of more than 1.3 times this diameter.
20. Method according to one of the claims 5 to 19, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), seen in the intended passing-through direction (S), are evenly distributed at the circumference of the outer boundaries and/or of the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2).
21. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which at the intended exit side of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) there is arranged a blocking arrangement (10) which with respect to its geometry is designed in such a manner and with respect to the passage opening (1) or to the passage channel (2) is arranged in such a manner that a cylindrical body (Z) having hemispherical ends, which body has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball (K) that can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) and has a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular of more than 1.3 times this diameter, by the blocking arrangement is prevented from leaving the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), while the largest ball (K) that can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) can be guided away from the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
22. Method according to claim 21, wherein an electrode arrangement is provided in which the blocking arrangement is designed as a deflecting device (10) for the fragmentation material (11a, 11b) which is discharged, in particular as deflecting sheet.
23. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging of the electrode arrangement with the material (3) that is to be fragmented and the passing of the fragmented material fragments (11a, 11b) through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is effected by means of gravitation forces.
24. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) of the electrode arrangement during the generating of high-voltage discharges is flooded with a process liquid (12), and in particular, wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) in passing-through direction (S) of the material is flushed by a stream of process liquid (12).
25. Electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant, for the use in the method according to one of the preceding claims, having a passage opening (1) or a passage channel (2) for fragmentation material (3) and having one or several electrode pairs by means of which, by charging the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) thereof with high-voltage pulses, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) for fragmentation of fragmentation material (3), wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is designed in such a way and the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pairs are arranged therein in such a way or wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is formed by the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pairs in such a way that, in the area of a shortest connecting line (L) between the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of one of the electrode pairs, in particular with abutment to at least one of the two electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pair, a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this shortest connecting line (L),
    characterized in that the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) has a basic shape or cross-sectional shape which is ring-shaped, in particular has the shape of a circular ring.
26. Electrode arrangement according to claim 25, wherein from the inner boundaries and/or from the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), one or several electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
27. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25 to 26, wherein at the intended exit side of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) there is arranged a blocking arrangement (10) which with respect to its geometry is designed in such a manner and with respect to the passage opening (1) or to the passage channel (2) is arranged in such a manner that a cylindrical body (Z) having hemispherical ends, which body has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball (K) that can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) and has a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular of more than 1.3 times this diameter, by the blocking arrangement is prevented from leaving the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), while the largest ball (K) that can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) can be guided away from the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
28. Electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant, for the use in the method according to one of the preceding claims, having a passage opening (1) or a passage channel (2) for fragmentation material (3) and having one or several electrode pairs by means of which, by charging the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) thereof with high-voltage pulses, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) for fragmentation of fragmentation material (3), wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is designed in such a way and the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pairs are arranged therein in such a way or wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is formed by the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pairs in such a way that, in the area of a shortest connecting line (L) between the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of one of the electrode pairs, in particular with abutment to at least one of the two electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the electrode pair, a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this shortest connecting line (L),
    characterized in that at the intended exit side of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) there is arranged a blocking arrangement (10) which with respect to its geometry is designed in such a manner and with respect to the passage opening (1) or to the passage channel (2) is arranged in such a manner that a cylindrical body (Z) having hemispherical ends, which body has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball (K) that can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) and has a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular of more than 1.3 times this diameter, by the blocking arrangement is prevented from leaving the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), while the largest ball (K) that can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) can be guided away from the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
29. Electrode arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) has a basic shape or cross-sectional shape which is round or square, in particular is circular, and wherein from the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) one or several electrode protrusions (5a-5d), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), in particular in a way that they leave open the center of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2).
30. Electrode arrangement according to claim 28, wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) has a basic shape or cross-sectional shape which is ring-shaped, in particular has the shape of a circular ring.
31. Electrode arrangement according to claim 30, wherein from the inner boundaries and/or from the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), one or several electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
32. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 27 to 31, wherein the blocking arrangement is designed as a deflecting device (10) for the fragmentation material (11a, 11b) which is discharged, in particular as deflecting sheet.
33. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 26, 29 and 31, wherein the electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), which in particular have the shape of a stick or tip, perpendicularly to the intended passing-through direction (S) or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2).
34. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 26, 31 and 33, wherein the inner boundaries and/or the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) are formed by an isolator body (6, 7), which carries individual electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p).
35. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 26, 31, 33 and 34, wherein from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) several electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p) having the shape of a stick or tip protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), and wherein to each of the electrode protrusions (4a-4d), which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening (1) or passage channel (2), in each case there are dedicated at least two of the electrode protrusions (5a-5h) which are protruding from the outer boundaries into the passage opening (1) or into the passage channel (2).
36. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 26, 31, 33 and 34, wherein from the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) one or several electrode protrusions (4a-4d), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), and wherein the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) are formed by one single, in particular ring-shaped electrode (5).
37. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 26, 31, 33, 34, 35 and 36, wherein from the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) several electrode protrusions (4a-4h), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), a part of which or all of which, inclined in a direction opposite to the the intended passing-through direction (S), protrude into the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), in particular in such a manner that their free ends in axial direction extend beyond a body which carries these electrode protrusions (4a-4h).
38. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34 and 35, wherein the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) are formed by one single, in particular disc-shaped, stick-shaped or ball-shaped electrode (4).
39. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25 to 38, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a passage channel (2) for fragmentation material (3), within which at different axial positions with respect to the intended passing-through direction (S), from the outer boundaries and/or from the inner boundaries of the passage channel (2) electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), in particular having the shape of a stick or tip, protrude into the passage channel (2).
40. Electrode arrangement according to claim 39, wherein electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), which are arranged at different axial positions, at different circumferencial positions of the outer boundaries and/or of the inner boundaries protrude into the passage channel (2).
41. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 39 to 40, wherein a part or all of the in particular stick-shaped or tip-shaped electrode protrusion (4a-4d; 5a-5h), which seen in passing-through direction (S) are arranged at the first axial position, inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage channel (2).
42. Electrode arrangement according to claim 41, wherein at least a part or all of the in particular stick-shaped or tip-shaped electrode protrusion (4a-4d), which protrude from the inner boundaries of the passage channel (2) into the passage channel (2) and are arranged at the first axial position, inclined in a direction opposite to the the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage channel (2).
43. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 41 to 42, wherein the in particular stick-shaped or tip-shaped electrode protrusion (4e-4h; 5i-5p), which seen in passing-through direction (S) are arranged at an axial position following the first axial position, perpendicularly to the intended passing-through direction (S) or inclined in direction of the intended passing-through direction (S) protrude into the passage channel (2).
44. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 40 to 43, wherein the electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p) protrude into the passage channel (2) in such a manner that the passage channel (2) cannot be passed by a cylindrical body (Z) having hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball that can pass through the passage channel (2) and has a height of more than 1.1 times, in particular of more than 1.3 times this diameter.
45. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25, 26, 27 and 29 to 44, wherein the electrode protrusions (4a-4h; 5a-5p), seen in the intended passing-through direction (S), are evenly distributed at the circumference of the outer boundaries and/or of the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2).
46. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25 to 45, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises several electrode pairs by means of which, by charging the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) thereof with high-voltage pulses, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening (1) or the passage channels (2) for fragmentation of fragmentation material (3), and wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is designed in such a way and the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) are arranged therein in such a way or wherein the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) is formed by the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) in such a way that for each electrode pair in the area of the shortest connecting line (L) between the electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p) of the respective electrode pair, in particular with abutment to at least one of the respective two dedicated electrodes, a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this respective shortest connecting line (L).
47. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25 to 46, wherein, seen in passing-through direction (S), in each case on both sides of the shortest connecting line (L) in the area of the respective shortest connecting line (L), in particular with abutment to at least one of the two dedicated electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p), a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of the respective shortest connecting line (L).
48. Electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25 to 47, wherein the diameter of the ball (K), which in the area of the respective shortest connecting line (L), in particular with abutment to at least one of the two dedicated electrodes (4, 4a-4h, 5, 5a-5p), can pass through the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2), in each case is bigger than 1.2 times, in particular bigger than 1.5 times the length of this shortest connecting line (L).
49. Fragmentation plant comprising an electrode arrangement according to one of the claims 25 to 48 and a high-voltage pulse generator for charging the electrodes (4a-4h; 5a-5p) of the electrode arrangement with high-voltage pulses.
50. Fragmentation plant according to claim 49, wherein the electrode arrangement is aligned in such a manner that the passage opening (1) or the passage channel (2) has a vertical passing-through direction (S).
51. Fragmentation plant according to one of the claims 49 to 50, wherein the electrode arrangement has a passage opening (1) or a passage channel (2) having a ring-shaped, in particular annular ring-shaped basic shape or cross-sectional shape and wherein the high-voltage pulse generator is arranged underneath the passage opening (1) or passage channel (2) and the electrodes (4a-4h; 5a-5p) formed at the inner boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) are directly charged from underneath with high-voltage pulses.
52. Fragmentation plant according to claim 51, wherein the outer boundaries of the passage opening (1) or of the passage channel (2) or the electrodes (5, 5a-5p) arranged at these outer boundaries are on ground potential.
53. Use of the fragmentation plant according to one of the claims 49 to 52 for fragmenting of poorly conductive material, in particular of silicium, concrete or slag.

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