EP3060347B1 - Method for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening material by means of high-voltage discharges - Google Patents

Method for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening material by means of high-voltage discharges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3060347B1
EP3060347B1 EP13788879.8A EP13788879A EP3060347B1 EP 3060347 B1 EP3060347 B1 EP 3060347B1 EP 13788879 A EP13788879 A EP 13788879A EP 3060347 B1 EP3060347 B1 EP 3060347B1
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Prior art keywords
parameter
process zone
determined
zone
voltage discharges
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EP13788879.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3060347A1 (en
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Reinhard MÜLLER-SIEBERT
Frédéric VON DER WEID
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Selfrag AG
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Selfrag AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for fragmentation and / or Vorschwambaung of material by means of high-voltage discharges and a system for carrying out the method according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • JP H10 180133 A discloses a method of fragmenting and / or attenuating material by means of high voltage discharges, comprising the steps of providing a process zone between at least two spaced apart electrodes and generating high voltage discharges between the at least two electrodes for fragmenting the material.
  • the electrical resistance between the high voltage electrode and the counter electrode is measured and as long as it exceeds a certain threshold value, high voltage pulses are applied to the high voltage electrode. If the measured electrical resistance falls due to contact of the electrode with an exposed one Reinforcing iron under the threshold value, the high voltage electrode is moved to another location on the concrete block at which the electrical resistance is above the threshold, and then again applied at this point with high voltage pulses.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for fragmentation and / or pre-weakening of material, preferably of rock material or ore, by means of high-voltage discharges.
  • the material to be fragmented or prewashed is passed through a process zone formed between at least two electrodes spaced apart from each other while high-voltage discharges are generated between these electrodes, by which the material is fragmented and / or preweakened.
  • the high-voltage discharges are triggered individually or as a sequence of multiple high-voltage discharges, depending on one or more continuously determined process parameters, which parameters represent the current and / or a future situation with respect to the material in the process zone.
  • the continuously determined process parameters represent or represent at least the current or a future material filling level of the process zone, the current or a future piece size or piece size distribution of the material located in the process zone and / or a degree of fragmentation or preweakening of the process zone located in the process zone material.
  • Process parameters representing these aspects of the situation with respect to the material in the process zone are particularly well suited for controlling the initiation of high voltage discharges.
  • At least one parameter (demanding process zone parameter) is continuously determined to determine the process parameter or parameters, which represents a property of the content of the process zone, a part of the content of the process zone or an area adjacent to the process zone. In this way, the situation with respect to the material located in the process zone can be detected virtually instantaneously.
  • the material to be fragmented or pre-screened is fed continuously to the process zone in the form of a stream of material
  • at least one parameter (required material supply parameter) is continuously determined, which represents a property of the material flow in a region upstream of the process zone. In this way, a future situation with respect to the material located in the process zone can be detected.
  • the one or more process parameters each represent a future situation with respect to the material in the process zone, taking into account the feed rate of the material stream to the process zone and the distance between the location of detection of the material feed -Parameters each determine the times in the future, to which in the process zone the respective situation represented by the respective process parameter occurs.
  • the high voltage discharges are then triggered at this time, the high voltage discharges depending on the respective process parameters. This makes it possible to trigger the high-voltage discharges according to the situation based on parameters determined far outside the process zone.
  • the or are determined continuously Process parameters are continuously compared to a threshold value and the high-voltage discharges or sequences of high-voltage discharges are triggered in each case when the respective process parameter coincides with the threshold value or exceeds or falls below it by a specific amount.
  • a threshold can be easily adapted to different operating conditions, making the method universally applicable and can also be integrated as part of a larger overall process.
  • a threshold value is used which is determined beforehand by establishing a material situation in which a desired criterion for triggering high-voltage discharges is met in the region in which the respective parameter for determining the process parameter is determined is, then in this state, the process parameter is determined and this is then used as a threshold value in the inventive method.
  • the method can be easily adapted to a wide variety of materials and specifications regarding the fragmentation or Vorschwachtungstonss.
  • a single piece of material having a size in which the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, or a certain amount of material in which the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, is arranged in the process zone.
  • the process parameter is determined, which represents a property of the content or a part of the content of the process zone or an area adjacent to the process zone. This process parameter is then used as a threshold value in the method according to the invention.
  • an area upstream of the process zone is entered a single piece of material of a size intended to induce high voltage discharges when present in the process zone, or a certain amount of material intended to induce high voltage discharges when present in the process zone.
  • the process parameter is determined, which represents a property of the piece of material or the amount of material in the region upstream of the process zone. This process parameter is then used as a threshold value in the method according to the invention.
  • this upstream and / or downstream process is a method for fragmentation and / or pre-attenuation by means of high-voltage discharges, preferably also a method according to the invention.
  • a parameter of an upstream process is determined which represents properties of the material resulting from the upstream process and to be fragmented or pre-waxed in the process according to the invention, preferably the type of material, the amount of material, the comminution, the material hardness and / or the size of this material.
  • a parameter of a downstream method is determined which represents properties of the fragmented or pre-weakened material which, after having been derived from the method according to the invention and supplied to the downstream method, preferably the type of material Amount of material, the shredding, the material hardness and / or the piece size of this material.
  • the process zone is flooded with a process liquid, preferably with water, wherein it is further preferred that process liquid flows through the process zone. In this way, fine particles can be removed from the process zone and stable operating conditions can be ensured.
  • the inventive method is used for fragmenting and / or pre-weakening of precious metal ore or a semi-precious metal ore, preferably copper-copper / gold or platinum ore.
  • fragmentation and / or pre-weakening of the material to be fragmented and / or pre-attenuated takes place, preferably fragmentation and / or pre-attenuation by means of high-voltage discharges, which preferably also takes place while carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the method is followed by fragmentation and / or weakening of the fragmented or pre-weakened material resulting from the method, preferably fragmentation and / or weakening by means of high-voltage discharges, which is preferably likewise carried out while carrying out the method according to the invention , or a mechanical fragmentation.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a plant for use in the process according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the system comprises a process zone formed between at least two electrodes arranged at a distance from one another, means for passing the component to be fragmented or prewarmed Material through the process zone and means for generating high voltage discharges between the at least two electrodes during the passage of the material to be fragmented or prewired through the process zone, for fragmenting or pre-weakening of the material.
  • the means for passing the material to be fragmented or pre-screened through the process zone may comprise, for example, a conveyor belt, a vibrating conveyor trough or an inclined surface serving as a chute.
  • the means for generating high-voltage discharges between the at least two electrodes typically comprise a high-voltage generator and supply lines to the electrodes, and according to the invention are designed such that a targeted triggering of individual high-voltage discharges or of individual sequences from a plurality of high-voltage discharges is possible.
  • the system according to the invention also has means for the continuous determination of at least one process parameter which represents the current or a future situation with respect to the material in the process zone, preferably for the continuous determination of at least one process parameter the current or a future material level of the process zone, the current or a future piece size or size distribution of the material in the process zone and / or a fragmentation or Vorschwownungsgrad the currently or in the future in the process zone material represents.
  • the means for continuously determining at least one process parameter typically comprise measuring arrangements for determining specific physical quantities in certain areas of the installation.
  • the system in this embodiment has a system control, by means of which the individual high-voltage discharges or sequences of several high-voltage discharges can be triggered in each case depending on the respective determined process parameters.
  • a system control by means of which the individual high-voltage discharges or sequences of several high-voltage discharges can be triggered in each case depending on the respective determined process parameters.
  • the means for continuously determining the at least one process parameter are configured in such a way that they can continuously determine at least one parameter (demanding process zone parameter) for determining the process parameters, which is a property of the content or represents part of the content of the process zone or an area adjacent to the process zone.
  • the system also has means for continuously feeding the material to be fragmented or prewashed as material flow to the process zone and that the means for continuously determining the process parameter are configured such that they are used for determining the process parameter.
  • Parameters can continuously determine at least one parameter (demanding material supply parameters) of the material flow in an area upstream of the process zone.
  • the means for the continuous determination of the at least one process parameter are configured in such a way that the process parameters ascertained with them each represent a future situation with respect to the material located in the process zone, and that the system control is such is designed such that, taking into account the feed rate of the material flow to the process zone and the distance between the location of the determination of the parameters (material supply parameters) can each determine the time in the future, to which in the process zone by the respective process parameters represented situation occurs and each of the triggering of the high voltage discharges or sequences of several high voltage discharges taking into account this point in time can make. This makes it possible to control the triggering of the high-voltage discharges on the basis of parameters determined outside the process zone.
  • system controller is designed to continuously compare the continuously determined process parameter with a threshold value and to trigger the high-voltage discharges or sequences of high-voltage discharges, respectively, if the respective process parameter matches the threshold or exceeds or falls below it by a certain amount.
  • the system controller is designed to compare the process parameter with a threshold, which has been previously determined using the means for continuously determining the process parameter, preferably in an automatic manner by the plant operated in such a way is that in the area in which the one or more parameters are determined for determining the process parameters, a material situation is brought about, in which the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, then in this state, the process parameters is determined and this process Parameter is then used by the plant control as a threshold value.
  • the system controller is designed to determine the threshold value beforehand, preferably in an automatic manner, that the system is operated in such a way that a single piece of material or a certain amount of material is arranged in the process zone, in which the triggering of Hochputsentladungen is desired that then the process parameter under determination of the process zone parameter, which represents a property of the content or a part of the content of the process zone or an adjacent to the process zone area, is determined and that this process parameter then from the Plant control is used as a threshold.
  • the system controller In systems which have means for continuously supplying the material to be fragmented or prewashed as material flow to the process zone, it is alternatively or additionally preferred for the system controller to be able to determine the threshold beforehand, preferably in an automatic manner, that the system operated in this way that in a region upstream of the process zone, a single piece of material or a certain amount of material is arranged, which corresponds to a single piece of material or a quantity of material whose presence in the process zone the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, then the process parameters, which Property of the piece of material or the amount of material in the region upstream of the process zone represents, is determined and that this process parameter is then used by the plant control as a threshold value.
  • system controller which is designed to continuously compare the continuously determined process parameter with a threshold value
  • system controller is configured such that it sets the threshold value as a function of one or more parameters of one of the inventive methods Plant upstream system and / or one of the system according to the invention downstream system can change.
  • FIGS. 1a to 1c illustrate very schematically a first inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges.
  • rock material 1 is guided by means of a conveyor belt 2 to a process zone 5 formed between two electrodes 3, 4, in which it can be fragmented by means of high voltage discharges 6 which can be generated between the two electrodes 3, 4, and subsequently by means of a further conveyor belt 7 led away from the process zone 5.
  • the electrical capacitance between the two electrodes 3, 4, ie the content of the process zone 5 is continuously determined, which varies depending on the material piece size and thus represents the material piece size.
  • the determined capacitances are continuously compared with a threshold value which determines whether or not a high-voltage discharge 6 fragmenting the material piece 1 is to take place.
  • a piece of material 1 with a piece size less than or equal to the target size in the process zone 5, resulting in a capacity which is greater than the threshold. In this case, no high voltage discharge is triggered and the piece of material is passed through the process zone 5 without further fragmentation.
  • a piece of material 1 with a piece size larger than the target size in the process zone 5, whereby there is a capacity that is less than the threshold.
  • a high voltage discharge 6 is triggered and the piece of material thereby fragmented.
  • FIG. 2 shows very schematically a situation like in Fig. 1c shown in a second inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges, which differs from that in the FIGS. 1a to 1c Illustrated method only differs in that the lower electrode 3 is formed as a metallic conveyor belt 8.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b is a highly schematic illustrates a third inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high voltage discharges.
  • rock material 1 is passed by means of a transport device 9a, 9b between two measuring electrodes 10, 11 arranged upstream of the process zone 5, then fed to the process zone 5, in which it is fragmented by means of high-voltage discharges 6 that can be generated between the two electrodes 3, 4 can, and then led away by means of a conveyor belt 7 of the process zone 5.
  • the electrical capacitance between the two measuring electrodes 10, 11 is continuously determined, which varies depending on the size of the material piece 1 located between these electrodes 10, 11 and thereby represents the material piece size.
  • the determined capacitances are continuously compared with a threshold value, by which it is determined whether at the time at which the piece of material 1 arrives in the process zone 5, a high-voltage discharge 6 is to take place, for fragmenting the piece of material 1, or not.
  • the time of arrival of the piece of material 1 in the process zone 5 is determined from the feed rate S of the piece of material 1 to the process zone 5 and the known distance between the measuring electrodes 10, 11 and the process zone 5.
  • a high voltage discharge 6 is triggered as soon as the piece of material 1 has arrived in the process zone 5.
  • the subsequent piece of material 1 that is currently located between the measuring electrodes 10, 11 has a size less than or equal to the target size, whereby a capacitance is determined which is greater than the threshold value.
  • no high voltage discharge is triggered when this piece of material 1 has arrived in the process zone 5 and the piece of material is passed through the process zone 5 without further fragmentation.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate very schematically a fourth inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges. As can be seen, this method differs from that in the FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrated method only in that instead of the transport device 9a, 9b and the lower measuring electrode 10, a conveyor belt 2 is used, which also serves as the lower measuring electrode 10.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate very schematically a fifth inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges.
  • this method differs from that in the FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrated method only in that instead of the measuring electrodes, a camera system 12 is used, by means of which the piece size or piece size distribution of the material in the region upstream of the process zone 5 is determined continuously.
  • the determined piece sizes or piece size distributions become continuous compared with a threshold value by which it is determined whether at the time at which the piece of material 1 arrives in the process zone 5, a high-voltage discharge 6 is to take place, for fragmenting the piece of material 1, or not.
  • the time of arrival of the piece of material 1 in the process zone 5 is determined from the feed rate S of the piece of material 1 to the process zone 5 and the known distance between the camera system 12 and the process zone 5.
  • a piece of material 1 is larger than the target size in the field of view of the camera system 12, so that upon arrival of the piece of material 1 in the process zone 5, a high voltage discharge 6 is triggered, as shown in Fig. 5b is shown.

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zur Fragmentierung und/oder Vorschwächung von Material mittels Hochspannungsentladungen sowie eine Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The invention relates to methods for fragmentation and / or Vorschwächung of material by means of high-voltage discharges and a system for carrying out the method according to the preambles of the independent claims.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, Materialstücke, beispielsweise aus Beton oder Gestein, mittels gepulster Hochspannungsentladungen zu zerkleinern oder vorzuschwächen, d.h. derartig mit Rissen zu versehen, dass diese in einem nachgeschalteten mechanischen Zerkleinerungsprozess einfacher zerkleinert werden können.From the prior art it is known to shred or vorzuschwächen pieces of material, such as concrete or rock, by means of pulsed high-voltage discharges, i. be provided with cracks such that they can be crushed easier in a subsequent mechanical crushing process.

Um diese Technologie in der Industrie wirtschaftlich einsetzen zu können, ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass eine hohe Energieeffizienz des Fragmentierungs- bzw. Vorschwächungsprozesses erreicht wird und dass diese auch unter variierenden Betriebsbedingungen sichergestellt werden kann. Dies stellt insbesondere im Bereich der Verarbeitung von Mineralien ein bisher ungelöstes Problem dar, weil bei diesen Anwendungen das zu fragmentierende bzw. vorzuschwächende Material ein Naturprodukt ist, dessen physikalische Eigenschaften und Zusammensetzung in weiten Bereichen variieren können.In order to be able to use this technology economically in the industry, it is of crucial importance that a high energy efficiency of the fragmentation or pre-attenuation process is achieved and that it can be ensured even under varying operating conditions. This represents a hitherto unsolved problem, particularly in the field of processing minerals, because in these applications the material to be fragmented or to be pregiven is a natural product whose physical properties and composition can vary within wide limits.

JP H10 180133 A offenbart ein Verfahren zur Fragmentierung und/oder Vorschwächung von Material mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, umfassend die Schritte: Bereitstellen einer Prozesszone zwischen mindestens zwei zueinander beabstandeten Elektroden und Erzeugen von Hochspannungsentladungen zwischen den mindestens zwei Elektroden, zum Fragmentieren bzw. Vorschwächen des Materials. JP H10 180133 A discloses a method of fragmenting and / or attenuating material by means of high voltage discharges, comprising the steps of providing a process zone between at least two spaced apart electrodes and generating high voltage discharges between the at least two electrodes for fragmenting the material.

Dabei wird der elektrische Widerstand zwischen der Hochspannungselektrode und der Gegenelektrode gemessen und solange dieser einen bestimmten Schwellenwert übersteigt, wird die Hochspannungselektrode mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt. Fällt der gemessene elektrische Widerstand infolge einer Kontakts der Elektrode mit einem freigelegten Armierungseisen unter den Schwellenwert, so wird die Hochspannungselektrode an eine andere Stelle auf dem Betonblock verfahren, an welcher der elektrische Widerstand über dem Schwellenwert liegt, und dann an dieser Stelle erneut mit Hochspannungsimpulsen beaufschlagt.In this case, the electrical resistance between the high voltage electrode and the counter electrode is measured and as long as it exceeds a certain threshold value, high voltage pulses are applied to the high voltage electrode. If the measured electrical resistance falls due to contact of the electrode with an exposed one Reinforcing iron under the threshold value, the high voltage electrode is moved to another location on the concrete block at which the electrical resistance is above the threshold, and then again applied at this point with high voltage pulses.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Es stellt sich deshalb die Aufgabe, Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Fragmentierung und/oder Vorschwächung von Materialien mittels Hochspannungsentladungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche eine hohe Energieeffizienz des Fragmentierungs- bzw. Vorschwächungsprozesses auch bei variierender Qualität und/oder Quantität des zugeführten zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials sicherstellen können, oder welche den Einfluss dieser Variation auf die Energieeffizienz des Fragmentierungs- bzw. Vorschwächungsprozesses zumindest reduzieren.It is therefore an object to provide methods and apparatus for fragmentation and / or pre-attenuation of materials by means of high voltage discharges available, which has a high energy efficiency the fragmentation or Vorschwächungsprozesses can ensure even with varying quality and / or quantity of supplied supplied to be fragmented or vorzuschwächenden material, or at least reduce the influence of this variation on the energy efficiency of the fragmentation or Vorschwächungsprozesses.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst.This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims.

Gemäss diesen betrifft ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Fragmentierung und/oder Vorschwächung von Material, bevorzugterweise von Gesteinsmaterial oder Erz, mittels Hochspannungsentladungen. Das zu fragmentierende bzw. vorzuschwächende Material wird durch eine zwischen mindestens zwei zueinander beabstandeten Elektroden gebildete Prozesszone hindurchgeführt während zwischen diesen Elektroden Hochspannungsentladungen erzeugt werden, durch welche das Material fragmentiert und/oder vorgeschwächt wird. Die Hochspannungsentladungen werden einzeln oder als Sequenz mehrerer Hochspannungsentladungen jeweils in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren fortlaufend ermittelten Prozess-Parametern ausgelöst, welche Parameter die aktuelle und/oder eine zukünftige Situation bezüglich des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials repräsentieren. Auf diese Weise wird es möglich den Prozess derartig zu führen, dass Hochspannungsentladungen nur dann ausgelöst werden, wenn in der Prozesszone eine Situation vorliegt, bei welcher durch Hochspannungsentladungen bestimmungsgemässe Fragmentierungs- bzw. Vorschwächungsarbeit verrichtet werden kann, z.B. weil eine ausreichenden Materialfüllhöhe in der Prozesszone vorliegt oder z.B. weil in der Prozesszone Material vorhanden ist, welches noch nicht auf Zielgrösse fragmentiert ist und/oder noch nicht ausreichend vorgeschwächt ist. Entsprechend kann der energetische Wirkungsgrad des Prozesses deutlich verbessert werden und eine Überfragmentierung und/oder zu starke Vorschwächung des Materials verhindert werden.According to these, a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for fragmentation and / or pre-weakening of material, preferably of rock material or ore, by means of high-voltage discharges. The material to be fragmented or prewashed is passed through a process zone formed between at least two electrodes spaced apart from each other while high-voltage discharges are generated between these electrodes, by which the material is fragmented and / or preweakened. The high-voltage discharges are triggered individually or as a sequence of multiple high-voltage discharges, depending on one or more continuously determined process parameters, which parameters represent the current and / or a future situation with respect to the material in the process zone. In this way, it becomes possible to carry out the process in such a way that high-voltage discharges are only triggered if there is a situation in the process zone in which intended fragmentation or pre-attenuation work can be performed by high-voltage discharges, eg because there is sufficient material filling level in the process zone or, for example, because material is present in the process zone which is not yet fragmented to target size and / or is not yet sufficiently pre-immune. Accordingly, the energy efficiency of the process can be significantly improved and overfragmentation and / or excessive pre-weakening of the material can be prevented.

Bevorzugterweise repräsentiert der bzw. repräsentieren die fortlaufend ermittelten Prozess-Parameter zumindest den aktuellen oder einen zukünftigen Materialfüllungsgrad der Prozesszone, die aktuelle oder eine zukünftige Stückgrösse oder Stückgrössenverteilung des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials und/oder einen Fragmentierungs- bzw. Vorschwächungsgrad des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials. Prozess-Parameter, welche diese Aspekte der Situation bezüglich des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials repräsentieren, eignen sich besonders gut zur Steuerung der Auslösung der Hochspannungsentladungen.Preferably, the continuously determined process parameters represent or represent at least the current or a future material filling level of the process zone, the current or a future piece size or piece size distribution of the material located in the process zone and / or a degree of fragmentation or preweakening of the process zone located in the process zone material. Process parameters representing these aspects of the situation with respect to the material in the process zone are particularly well suited for controlling the initiation of high voltage discharges.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird zur Ermittlung des oder der Prozess-Parameter fortlaufend mindestens ein Parameter (anspruchsgemässer Prozesszonen-Parameter) ermittelt, welcher eine Eigenschaft des Inhalts der Prozesszone, eines Teils des Inhalts der Prozesszone oder eines an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs repräsentiert. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Situation bezüglich des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials praktisch verzögerungsfrei erfassen.In a preferred embodiment of the method, at least one parameter (demanding process zone parameter) is continuously determined to determine the process parameter or parameters, which represents a property of the content of the process zone, a part of the content of the process zone or an area adjacent to the process zone. In this way, the situation with respect to the material located in the process zone can be detected virtually instantaneously.

Folgende Parameter sind hier besonders bevorzugt:

  • die elektrische Kapazität, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit oder die Permittivität des Inhalts der Prozesszone, eines Teils des Inhalts der Prozesszone oder des an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs,
  • das Materialfüllgewicht oder der Materialfüllstand der Prozesszone oder des an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs, sowie
  • die Stückgrösse oder Stückgrössenverteilung des in der Prozesszone oder in dem angrenzenden Bereich befindlichen Materials.
The following parameters are particularly preferred here:
  • the electrical capacitance, the electrical conductivity or the permittivity of the content of the process zone, a part of the content of the process zone or the area adjacent to the process zone,
  • the material fill weight or material level of the process zone or zone adjacent to the process zone, as well as
  • the piece size or size distribution of the material in the process zone or in the adjacent area.

In einer alternativen oder ergänzenden bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens, bei welcher das zu fragmentierende bzw. vorzuschwächende Material der Prozesszone fortlaufend in Form eines Materialstroms zugeführt wird, wird zur Ermittlung des oder der Prozess-Parameter fortlaufend mindestens ein Parameter (anspruchsgemässer Materialzuführungs-Parameter) ermittelt, welcher eine Eigenschaft des Materialstroms in einem Bereich stromaufwärts der Prozesszone repräsentiert. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine zukünftige Situation bezüglich des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials erfassen.In an alternative or supplementary preferred embodiment of the method, in which the material to be fragmented or pre-screened is fed continuously to the process zone in the form of a stream of material For example, to determine the process parameter or parameters, at least one parameter (required material supply parameter) is continuously determined, which represents a property of the material flow in a region upstream of the process zone. In this way, a future situation with respect to the material located in the process zone can be detected.

Folgende Parameter sind hier besonders bevorzugt:

  • die elektrische Kapazität, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit oder die Permittivität des Materialstroms in dem Bereich,
  • der Volumenstrom oder der Massenstrom des Materialstroms oder des im Materialstrom mitgeführten zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials in dem Bereich, sowie
  • die Stückgrösse oder Stückgrössenverteilung des in dem Bereich befindlichen Materials.
The following parameters are particularly preferred here:
  • the electrical capacitance, the electrical conductivity or the permittivity of the material flow in the area,
  • the volume flow or the mass flow of the material flow or of the material flow in the material to be fragmented or vorzuschwächenden material in the area, as well as
  • the piece size or piece size distribution of the material in the area.

Bevorzugterweise wird bei der zuvor genannten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens, bei welcher der oder die Prozess-Parameter jeweils eine zukünftige Situation bezüglich des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials repräsentieren, unter Berücksichtigung der Zuführungsgeschwindigkeit des Materialstroms zur Prozesszone und der Distanz zwischen dem Ort der Ermittlung der Materialzuführungs-Parameter jeweils die Zeitpunkte in der Zukunft ermittelt, zu welchen in der Prozesszone die jeweilige durch den jeweiligen Prozess-Parameter repräsentierte Situation auftritt. Die Hochspannungsentladungen werden dann jeweils zu diesem Zeitpunkt die Hochspannungsentladungen in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Prozess-Parameter ausgelöst. Hierdurch wird die situationsgerechte Auslösung der Hochspannungsentladungen anhand von weit ausserhalb der Prozesszone ermittelten Parametern möglich.Preferably, in the aforementioned preferred embodiment of the method, wherein the one or more process parameters each represent a future situation with respect to the material in the process zone, taking into account the feed rate of the material stream to the process zone and the distance between the location of detection of the material feed -Parameters each determine the times in the future, to which in the process zone the respective situation represented by the respective process parameter occurs. The high voltage discharges are then triggered at this time, the high voltage discharges depending on the respective process parameters. This makes it possible to trigger the high-voltage discharges according to the situation based on parameters determined far outside the process zone.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der oder werden die fortlaufend ermittelten Prozess-Parameter fortlaufend mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen und die Hochspannungsentladungen oder Sequenzen von Hochspannungsentladungen werden jeweils ausgelöst, wenn der jeweilige Prozess-Parameter mit dem Schwellenwert übereinstimmt bzw. diesen um einen bestimmten Betrag überschreitet oder unterschreitet. Ein derartiger Schwellenwert lässt sich auf einfache Weise an unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen anpassen, wodurch das Verfahren universell einsetzbar wird und auch als Teil in ein grösseres Gesamtverfahren eingebunden werden kann.In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the or are determined continuously Process parameters are continuously compared to a threshold value and the high-voltage discharges or sequences of high-voltage discharges are triggered in each case when the respective process parameter coincides with the threshold value or exceeds or falls below it by a specific amount. Such a threshold can be easily adapted to different operating conditions, making the method universally applicable and can also be integrated as part of a larger overall process.

Dabei ist es bevorzugt, dass ein Schwellenwert verwendet wird, welcher vorgängig ermittelt wird, indem in dem Bereich, in welchem der jeweilige Parameter zur Ermittlung des Prozess-Parameters ermittelt wird, eine Materialsituation herbeigeführt wird, bei welcher ein gewünschtes Kriterium zur Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen erfüllt ist, sodann in diesem Zustand der Prozess-Parameter ermittelt wird und dieser anschliessend als Schwellenwert in dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren verwendet wird. Auf diese Weise lässt sich das Verfahren auf einfache Weise an verschiedenste Materialien und Vorgaben bezüglich des Fragmentierungs- bzw. Vorschwächungsergebnisses anpassen.In this case, it is preferred that a threshold value is used which is determined beforehand by establishing a material situation in which a desired criterion for triggering high-voltage discharges is met in the region in which the respective parameter for determining the process parameter is determined is, then in this state, the process parameter is determined and this is then used as a threshold value in the inventive method. In this way, the method can be easily adapted to a wide variety of materials and specifications regarding the fragmentation or Vorschwachtungsergebnisses.

In einer bevorzugten Subvariante dieser Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird in der Prozesszone ein einzelnes Materialstück mit einer Grösse, bei welcher die Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen gewünscht ist, oder eine bestimmte Materialmenge, bei welcher die Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen gewünscht ist, angeordnet. Anschliessend wird der Prozess-Parameter ermittelt, welcher eine Eigenschaft des Inhalts oder eines Teils des Inhalts der Prozesszone oder eines an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs repräsentiert. Dieser Prozess-Parameter wird sodann als Schwellenwert in dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren verwendet.In a preferred sub-variant of this embodiment of the method, a single piece of material having a size in which the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, or a certain amount of material in which the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, is arranged in the process zone. Subsequently, the process parameter is determined, which represents a property of the content or a part of the content of the process zone or an area adjacent to the process zone. This process parameter is then used as a threshold value in the method according to the invention.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Subvariante wird in einem Bereich stromaufwärts der Prozesszone ein einzelnes Materialstück mit einer Grösse, welche bei Anwesenheit in der Prozesszone zur Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen führen soll, oder eine bestimmte Materialmenge, welche bei Anwesenheit in der Prozesszone zur Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen führen soll, angeordnet. Anschliessend wird der Prozess-Parameter ermittelt, welcher eine Eigenschaft des Materialstücks oder der Materialmenge in dem Bereich stromaufwärts der Prozesszone repräsentiert. Dieser Prozess-Parameter wird sodann als Schwellenwert in dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren verwendet.In a further preferred sub-variant, an area upstream of the process zone is entered a single piece of material of a size intended to induce high voltage discharges when present in the process zone, or a certain amount of material intended to induce high voltage discharges when present in the process zone. Subsequently, the process parameter is determined, which represents a property of the piece of material or the amount of material in the region upstream of the process zone. This process parameter is then used as a threshold value in the method according to the invention.

Auch ist es in einer bevorzugten Variante vorgesehen, dass mindestens ein Parameter eines dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren vorgeschalteten Verfahrens, in welchem das zu fragmentierende bzw. vorzuschwächende Material vorbehandelt wird, und/oder eines dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren nachgeschalteten Verfahrens, in welchem das fragmentierte bzw. vorgeschwächte Material nachbehandelt wird, ermittelt wird und basierend auf diesem Parameter der Schwellenwert verändert wird.It is also provided in a preferred variant that at least one parameter of the process according to the invention upstream in which the material to be fragmented or pretreated is pretreated, and / or a process downstream of the process according to the invention, in which the fragmented or pre-weakened material is determined, and based on this parameter, the threshold value is changed.

Bevorzugterweise handelt es sich bei diesem vorgeschalteten und/oder nachgeschalteten Verfahren um ein Verfahren zur Fragmentierung und/oder Vorschwächung mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, bevorzugterweise ebenfalls um ein erfindungsgemässes Verfahren.Preferably, this upstream and / or downstream process is a method for fragmentation and / or pre-attenuation by means of high-voltage discharges, preferably also a method according to the invention.

Mit Vorteil wird ein Parameter eines vorgeschalteten Verfahrens ermittelt, welcher Eigenschaften des aus dem vorgeschalteten Verfahren hervorgehenden und im erfindungsgemässen Verfahren zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials repräsentiert, bevorzugterweise den Materialtyp, die Materialmenge, die Zerkleinerbarkeit, die Materialhärte und/oder die Stückgrösse dieses Materials.Advantageously, a parameter of an upstream process is determined which represents properties of the material resulting from the upstream process and to be fragmented or pre-waxed in the process according to the invention, preferably the type of material, the amount of material, the comminution, the material hardness and / or the size of this material.

Folgende Parameter sind hier besonders bevorzugt:

  • der Energieverbrauch einer Vorrichtung zur Behandlung des Materials in dem vorgeschalteten Verfahren, bevorzugterweise eines Brechers oder einer Mühle,
  • die Stückgrösse des aus dem vorgeschalteten Verfahren hervorgehenden Materials,
  • der Verbrauch von in dem vorgeschalteten Verfahren verwendeten chemischen Stoffen,
  • die Konzentration bestimmter Stoffe in einer Prozessflüssigkeit des vorgeschalteten Verfahrens, sowie
  • die Menge an Material, welche aus dem vorgeschalteten Verfahren hervorgeht.
The following parameters are particularly preferred here:
  • the energy consumption of a device for treating the material in the upstream process, preferably a crusher or a mill,
  • the size of the piece of material resulting from the upstream process,
  • the consumption of chemical substances used in the upstream process,
  • the concentration of certain substances in a process fluid of the upstream process, as well as
  • the amount of material resulting from the upstream process.

Alternativ oder ergänzend ist es von Vorteil, wenn ein Parameter eines nachgeschalteten Verfahrens ermittelt wird, welcher Eigenschaften des fragmentierten bzw. vorgeschwächten Materials, welches, nachdem es aus dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hervorgegangen ist und dem nachgeschalteten Verfahren zugeführt wird, repräsentiert, bevorzugterweise den Materialtyp, die Materialmenge, die Zerkleinerbarkeit, die Materialhärte und/oder die Stückgrösse dieses Materials.Alternatively or additionally, it is advantageous if a parameter of a downstream method is determined which represents properties of the fragmented or pre-weakened material which, after having been derived from the method according to the invention and supplied to the downstream method, preferably the type of material Amount of material, the shredding, the material hardness and / or the piece size of this material.

Folgende Parameter sind hier besonders bevorzugt:

  • der Energieverbrauch einer Vorrichtung zur Behandlung des Materials in dem nachgeschalteten Verfahren, bevorzugterweise eines Brechers oder einer Mühle,
  • der Druck eines Kugelmühlen-Zyklons welcher im nachgeschalteten Verfahren verwendet wird, die Stückgrösse des dem nachgeschalteten Verfahren zugeführten Materials,
  • der Verbrauch von in dem nachgeschalteten Verfahren verwendeten chemischen Stoffen,
  • die Konzentration bestimmter Stoffe in einer Prozessflüssigkeit des nachgeschalteten Verfahrens,
  • die Ausschussquote oder die Rückgewinnungsquote, welche im nachgeschalteten Verfahren erzielt wird, sowie
  • die Menge an Material, welche aus dem nachgeschalteten Verfahren hervorgeht.
The following parameters are particularly preferred here:
  • the energy consumption of a device for treating the material in the downstream process, preferably a crusher or a mill,
  • the pressure of a ball mill cyclone used in the downstream process, the piece size of the material fed to the downstream process,
  • the consumption of chemical substances used in the downstream process,
  • the concentration of certain substances in a process fluid of the downstream process,
  • the reject rate or recovery rate achieved in the downstream process, and
  • the amount of material resulting from the downstream process.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist die Prozesszone während dem Erzeugen von Hochspannungsentladungen mit einer Prozessflüssigkeit geflutet ist, bevorzugterweise mit Wasser, wobei es weiter bevorzugt ist, dass die Prozesszone mit Prozessflüssigkeit durchströmt wird. Auf diese Weise können Feinpartikel aus der Prozesszone entfernt werden und stabile Betriebsbedingungen sichergestellt werden.In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, during the generation of high-voltage discharges, the process zone is flooded with a process liquid, preferably with water, wherein it is further preferred that process liquid flows through the process zone. In this way, fine particles can be removed from the process zone and stable operating conditions can be ensured.

Bevorzugterweise wird das erfindungsgemässe Verfahrens eingesetzt zum Fragmentieren und/oder Vorschwächen von Edelmetall-Erz oder ein Halbedelmetall-Erz, bevorzugterweise Kupfer- Kupfer/Gold- oder Platin-Erz.Preferably, the inventive method is used for fragmenting and / or pre-weakening of precious metal ore or a semi-precious metal ore, preferably copper-copper / gold or platinum ore.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens findet vorgängig zu dem Verfahren eine Fragmentierung und/oder Vorschwächung des zu fragmentierenden und/oder vorzuschwächenden Materials statt, bevorzugterweise eine Fragmentierung und/oder Vorschwächung mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, welche bevorzugterweise ebenfalls unter Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens erfolgt.In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, prior to the method, fragmentation and / or pre-weakening of the material to be fragmented and / or pre-attenuated takes place, preferably fragmentation and / or pre-attenuation by means of high-voltage discharges, which preferably also takes place while carrying out the method according to the invention.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens erfolgt im Anschluss an das Verfahren eine Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung des aus dem Verfahren hervorgegangenen fragmentierten bzw. vorgeschwächten Materials, bevorzugterweise eine Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, welche bevorzugterweise ebenfalls unter Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens erfolgt, oder eine mechanische Fragmentierung.In yet a further preferred embodiment of the method, the method is followed by fragmentation and / or weakening of the fragmented or pre-weakened material resulting from the method, preferably fragmentation and / or weakening by means of high-voltage discharges, which is preferably likewise carried out while carrying out the method according to the invention , or a mechanical fragmentation.

Ein zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Verwendung im Verfahrens gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung. Die Anlage umfasst eine zwischen mindestens zwei mit einem Abstand zueinander angeordneten Elektroden gebildete Prozesszone, Mittel zum Hindurchführen des zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials durch die Prozesszone sowie Mittel zum Erzeugen von Hochspannungsentladungen zwischen den mindestens zwei Elektroden während dem Hindurchführen des zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials durch die Prozesszone, zum Fragmentieren bzw. Vorschwächen des Materials. Die Mittel zum Hindurchführen des zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials durch die Prozesszone können z.B. ein Förderband, eine Vibrationsförderrinne oder eine schräge Fläche, welche als Rutsche dient, umfassen. Die Mittel zum Erzeugen von Hochspannungsentladungen zwischen den mindestens zwei Elektroden umfassen typischerweise einen Hochspannungsgenerator und Zuleitungen zu den Elektroden, und sind erfindungsgemäss derartig ausgebildet, dass eine gezielte Auslösung von einzelnen Hochspannungsentladungen oder von einzelnen Sequenzen aus mehreren Hochspannungsentladungen möglich ist.A second aspect of the invention relates to a plant for use in the process according to the first aspect of the invention. The system comprises a process zone formed between at least two electrodes arranged at a distance from one another, means for passing the component to be fragmented or prewarmed Material through the process zone and means for generating high voltage discharges between the at least two electrodes during the passage of the material to be fragmented or prewired through the process zone, for fragmenting or pre-weakening of the material. The means for passing the material to be fragmented or pre-screened through the process zone may comprise, for example, a conveyor belt, a vibrating conveyor trough or an inclined surface serving as a chute. The means for generating high-voltage discharges between the at least two electrodes typically comprise a high-voltage generator and supply lines to the electrodes, and according to the invention are designed such that a targeted triggering of individual high-voltage discharges or of individual sequences from a plurality of high-voltage discharges is possible.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform verfügt die erfindungsgemässe Anlage weiter über Mittel zur fortlaufenden Ermittlung von mindestens einem Prozess-Parameter, welcher die aktuelle oder eine zukünftige Situation bezüglich des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials repräsentiert, und zwar bevorzugterweise zur fortlaufenden Ermittlung mindestens eines Prozess-Parameters, welcher den aktuellen oder einen zukünftigen Materialfüllungsgrad der Prozesszone, die aktuelle oder eine zukünftige Stückgrösse oder Stückgrössenverteilung des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials und/oder einen Fragmentierungs- bzw. Vorschwächungsgrad des aktuell oder zukünftig in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials repräsentiert. Die Mittel zur fortlaufenden Ermittlung von mindestens einem Prozess-Parameter umfassen typischerweise Messanordnungen zur Ermittlung bestimmter physikalischer Grössen in bestimmten Bereichen der Anlage. Auch verfügt die Anlage in dieser Ausführungsform über eine Anlagensteuerung, mittels welcher die einzelnen Hochspannungsentladungen oder Sequenzen aus mehreren Hochspannungsentladungen jeweils in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen ermittelten Prozess-Parametern ausgelöst werden können. Eine derartige Anlage eignet sich zur insbesondere automatisierten Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung.In a preferred embodiment, the system according to the invention also has means for the continuous determination of at least one process parameter which represents the current or a future situation with respect to the material in the process zone, preferably for the continuous determination of at least one process parameter the current or a future material level of the process zone, the current or a future piece size or size distribution of the material in the process zone and / or a fragmentation or Vorschwächungsgrad the currently or in the future in the process zone material represents. The means for continuously determining at least one process parameter typically comprise measuring arrangements for determining specific physical quantities in certain areas of the installation. Also, the system in this embodiment has a system control, by means of which the individual high-voltage discharges or sequences of several high-voltage discharges can be triggered in each case depending on the respective determined process parameters. Such a system is suitable for the particularly automated implementation of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.

Dabei ist es bevorzugt, dass die Mittel zur fortlaufenden Ermittlung des mindestens einen Prozess-Parameters derartig ausgestaltet sind, dass sie für die Ermittlung der Prozess-Parameter fortlaufend mindestens einen Parameter (anspruchsgemässer Prozesszonen-Parameter) ermitteln können, welcher eine Eigenschaft des Inhalts bzw. eines Teils des Inhalts der Prozesszone oder eines an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs repräsentiert.In this case, it is preferred that the means for continuously determining the at least one process parameter are configured in such a way that they can continuously determine at least one parameter (demanding process zone parameter) for determining the process parameters, which is a property of the content or represents part of the content of the process zone or an area adjacent to the process zone.

Folgende Parameter sind hier besonders bevorzugt:

  • die elektrische Kapazität, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit oder die Permittivität des Inhalts bzw. eines Teils des Inhalts der Prozesszone oder des an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs,
  • das Materialfüllgewicht und/oder der Materialfüllstand der Prozesszone oder des an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs sowie
  • die Stückgrösse oder die Stückgrössenverteilung des in der Prozesszone oder in dem angrenzenden Bereich befindlichen Materials.
The following parameters are particularly preferred here:
  • the electrical capacitance, the electrical conductivity or the permittivity of the content or part of the content of the process zone or of the region adjacent to the process zone,
  • the material fill weight and / or material level of the process zone or zone adjacent to the process zone, and
  • the piece size or the size distribution of the material in the process zone or in the adjacent area.

Auch ist es dabei bevorzugt, dass die Anlage zudem Mittel aufweist zum fortlaufenden Zuführen des zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials als Materialstrom zu der Prozesszone und dass die Mittel zur fortlaufenden Ermittlung des Prozess-Parameters derartig ausgestaltet sind, dass sie für die Ermittlung des Prozess-Parameters fortlaufend mindestens einen Parameter (anspruchsgemässer Materialzuführungs-Parameter) des Materialstroms in einem Bereich stromaufwärts der Prozesszone ermitteln können.It is also preferred that the system also has means for continuously feeding the material to be fragmented or prewashed as material flow to the process zone and that the means for continuously determining the process parameter are configured such that they are used for determining the process parameter. Parameters can continuously determine at least one parameter (demanding material supply parameters) of the material flow in an area upstream of the process zone.

Folgende Parameter sind hier besonders bevorzugt:

  • die elektrische Kapazität, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit oder die Permittivität des Materialstroms in dem Bereich,
  • der Volumenstrom oder der Massenstrom des Materialstroms oder des im Materialstrom mitgeführten zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials in dem Bereich sowie
  • die Stückgrösse oder Stückgrössenverteilung des in dem Bereich befindlichen Materials.
The following parameters are particularly preferred here:
  • the electrical capacitance, the electrical conductivity or the permittivity of the material flow in the area,
  • the volume flow or the mass flow of the material flow or of the material flow in the material flow to be fragmented or vorzuschwächenden material in the area and
  • the piece size or piece size distribution of the material in the area.

Im letztgenannten Fall ist es weiter bevorzugt, dass die Mittel zur fortlaufenden Ermittlung des mindestens einen Prozess-Parameters derartig ausgestaltet sind, dass die mit ihnen ermittelten Prozess-Parameter jeweils eine zukünftige Situation bezüglich des in der Prozesszone befindlichen Materials repräsentieren, und dass die Anlagensteuerung derartig ausgestaltet ist, dass sie unter Berücksichtigung der Zuführungsgeschwindigkeit des Materialstroms zur Prozesszone und der Distanz zwischen dem Ort der Ermittlung der Parameter (Materialzuführungs-Parameter) jeweils den Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft ermitteln kann, zu welchem in der Prozesszone jeweils die durch den jeweiligen Prozess-Parameter repräsentierte Situation auftritt und jeweils die Auslösung der Hochspannungsentladungen oder Sequenzen aus mehreren Hochspannungsentladungen unter Berücksichtigung dieses Zeitpunktes vornehmen kann. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Auslösung der Hochspannungsentladungen anhand von ausserhalb der Prozesszone ermittelten Parametern zu steuern.In the latter case, it is further preferred that the means for the continuous determination of the at least one process parameter are configured in such a way that the process parameters ascertained with them each represent a future situation with respect to the material located in the process zone, and that the system control is such is designed such that, taking into account the feed rate of the material flow to the process zone and the distance between the location of the determination of the parameters (material supply parameters) can each determine the time in the future, to which in the process zone by the respective process parameters represented situation occurs and each of the triggering of the high voltage discharges or sequences of several high voltage discharges taking into account this point in time can make. This makes it possible to control the triggering of the high-voltage discharges on the basis of parameters determined outside the process zone.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Anlage ist die Anlagensteuerung ausgebildet um den fortlaufend ermittelte Prozess-Parameter fortlaufend mit einem Schwellenwert zu vergleichen und die Hochspannungsentladungen oder Sequenzen von Hochspannungsentladungen jeweils auszulösen, wenn der jeweilige Prozess-Parameter mit dem Schwellenwert übereinstimmt bzw. diesen um einen bestimmten Betrag überschreitet oder unterschreitet.In a further preferred embodiment of the system, the system controller is designed to continuously compare the continuously determined process parameter with a threshold value and to trigger the high-voltage discharges or sequences of high-voltage discharges, respectively, if the respective process parameter matches the threshold or exceeds or falls below it by a certain amount.

Dabei ist es weiter von Vorteil, dass die Anlagensteuerung ausgebildet ist um den Prozess-Parameter mit einem Schwellenwert zu vergleichen, der mit Hilfe der Mittel zur fortlaufenden Ermittlung des Prozess-Parameter vorgängig ermittelt worden ist, bevorzugterweise in automatischer Weise, indem die Anlage derartig betrieben wird, dass in dem Bereich, in welchem der oder die Parameter zur Ermittlung der Prozess-Parameter ermittelt werden, eine Materialsituation herbeigeführt wird, bei welcher die Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen gewünscht ist, sodann in diesem Zustand der Prozess-Parameter ermittelt wird und dieser Prozess-Parameter anschliessend von der Anlagensteuerung als Schwellenwert verwendet wird.It is further advantageous that the system controller is designed to compare the process parameter with a threshold, which has been previously determined using the means for continuously determining the process parameter, preferably in an automatic manner by the plant operated in such a way is that in the area in which the one or more parameters are determined for determining the process parameters, a material situation is brought about, in which the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, then in this state, the process parameters is determined and this process Parameter is then used by the plant control as a threshold value.

Dabei ist es weiter bevorzugt, dass die Anlagensteuerung ausgebildet ist um den Schwellenwert vorgängig dadurch zu ermitteln, bevorzugterweise in automatischer Weise, dass die Anlage derartig betrieben wird, dass in der Prozesszone ein einzelnes Materialstück oder eine bestimmte Materialmenge angeordnet wird, bei welcher die Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen gewünscht ist, dass anschliessend der Prozess-Parameter unter Ermittlung des Prozesszonen-Parameters, welcher eine Eigenschaft des Inhalts bzw. eines Teils des Inhalts der Prozesszone oder eines an die Prozesszone angrenzenden Bereichs repräsentiert, ermittelt wird und dass dieser Prozess-Parameter anschliessend von der Anlagensteuerung als Schwellenwert verwendet wird.In this case, it is further preferred that the system controller is designed to determine the threshold value beforehand, preferably in an automatic manner, that the system is operated in such a way that a single piece of material or a certain amount of material is arranged in the process zone, in which the triggering of Hochspannungsentladungen is desired that then the process parameter under determination of the process zone parameter, which represents a property of the content or a part of the content of the process zone or an adjacent to the process zone area, is determined and that this process parameter then from the Plant control is used as a threshold.

Bei Anlagen, welche Mittel zum fortlaufenden Zuführen des zu fragmentierenden bzw. vorzuschwächenden Materials als Materialstrom zu der Prozesszone aufweisen, ist es alternativ oder ergänzend bevorzugt, dass die Anlagensteuerung ausgebildet ist um den Schwellenwert vorgängig dadurch zu ermitteln, bevorzugterweise in automatischer Weise, dass die Anlage derartig betrieben wird, dass in einem Bereich stromaufwärts der Prozesszone ein einzelnes Materialstück oder eine bestimmte Materialmenge angeordnet wird, welches oder welche einem einzelnen Materialstück oder einer Materialmenge entspricht, bei deren Anwesenheit in der Prozesszone die Auslösung von Hochspannungsentladungen gewünscht ist, dass anschliessend der Prozess-Parameter, welcher eine Eigenschaft des Materialstücks oder der Materialmenge in dem Bereich stromaufwärts der Prozesszone repräsentiert, ermittelt wird und dass dieser Prozess-Parameter anschliessend von der Anlagensteuerung als Schwellenwert verwendet wird.In systems which have means for continuously supplying the material to be fragmented or prewashed as material flow to the process zone, it is alternatively or additionally preferred for the system controller to be able to determine the threshold beforehand, preferably in an automatic manner, that the system operated in this way that in a region upstream of the process zone, a single piece of material or a certain amount of material is arranged, which corresponds to a single piece of material or a quantity of material whose presence in the process zone the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, then the process parameters, which Property of the piece of material or the amount of material in the region upstream of the process zone represents, is determined and that this process parameter is then used by the plant control as a threshold value.

Auch ist es bei erfindungsgemässen Anlagen mit einer Anlagensteuerung, welche ausgebildet um den fortlaufend ermittelte Prozess-Parameter fortlaufend mit einem Schwellenwert zu vergleichen, weiter bevorzugt, dass die Anlagensteuerung derartig ausgestaltet ist, dass sie den Schwellenwert in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren Parametern einer der erfindungsgemässen Anlage vorgeschalteten Anlage und/oder einer der erfindungsgemässen Anlage nachgeschalteten Anlage verändern kann.Also, in systems according to the invention having a system controller which is designed to continuously compare the continuously determined process parameter with a threshold value, it is further preferred that the system controller is configured such that it sets the threshold value as a function of one or more parameters of one of the inventive methods Plant upstream system and / or one of the system according to the invention downstream system can change.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Weitere Ausgestaltungen, Vorteile und Anwendungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen und aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

  • die Figuren 1a bis 1c stark schematisiert ein erstes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren;
  • Fig. 2 stark schematisiert ein zweites erfindungsgemässes Verfahren;
  • die Figuren 3a und 3b stark schematisiert ein drittes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren;
  • die Figuren 4a und 4b stark schematisiert ein viertes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren; und
  • die Figuren 5a und 5b stark schematisiert ein fünftes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren.
Further embodiments, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description with reference to FIGS. Showing:
  • the FIGS. 1a to 1c very schematically a first inventive method;
  • Fig. 2 very schematically a second inventive method;
  • the FIGS. 3a and 3b very schematically a third method according to the invention;
  • the FIGS. 4a and 4b very schematically a fourth inventive method; and
  • the FIGS. 5a and 5b very schematically a fifth inventive method.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Die Figuren 1a bis 1c illustrieren stark schematisiert ein erstes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zur Fragmentierung von Gesteinsmaterial mittels Hochspannungsentladungen. Wie zu erkennen ist, wird Gesteinsmaterial 1 mittels eines Förderbandes 2 zu einer zwischen zwei Elektroden 3, 4 gebildeten Prozesszone 5 geführt, in welcher es mittels zwischen den beiden Elektroden 3, 4 erzeugbaren Hochspannungsentladungen 6 fragmentiert werden kann, und anschliessend mittels eines weiteren Förderbandes 7 von der Prozesszone 5 weggeführt. Wie durch das Kondensator-Sinnbild angedeutet ist, wird dabei fortlaufend die elektrische Kapazität zwischen den beiden Elektroden 3, 4, d.h. des Inhalts der Prozesszone 5, ermittelt, welche je nach Materialstückgrösse variiert und dadurch die Materialstückgrösse repräsentiert. Die ermittelten Kapazitäten werden fortlaufend mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen, durch welchen festgelegt wird, ob eine das Materialstück 1 fragmentierende Hochspannungsentladung 6 erfolgen soll oder nicht.The FIGS. 1a to 1c illustrate very schematically a first inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges. As can be seen, rock material 1 is guided by means of a conveyor belt 2 to a process zone 5 formed between two electrodes 3, 4, in which it can be fragmented by means of high voltage discharges 6 which can be generated between the two electrodes 3, 4, and subsequently by means of a further conveyor belt 7 led away from the process zone 5. As indicated by the condenser symbol, the electrical capacitance between the two electrodes 3, 4, ie the content of the process zone 5, is continuously determined, which varies depending on the material piece size and thus represents the material piece size. The determined capacitances are continuously compared with a threshold value which determines whether or not a high-voltage discharge 6 fragmenting the material piece 1 is to take place.

Bei der in Fig. 1a dargestellten Situation befindet sich ein Materialstück 1 mit einer Stückgrösse kleiner oder gleich der Zielgrösse in der Prozesszone 5, wodurch sich eine Kapazität ergibt, welche grösser ist als der Schwellenwert. In diesem Fall wird keine Hochspannungsentladung ausgelöst und das Materialstück wird ohne weitere Fragmentierung durch die Prozesszone 5 hindurchgeführt.At the in Fig. 1a the situation shown is a piece of material 1 with a piece size less than or equal to the target size in the process zone 5, resulting in a capacity which is greater than the threshold. In this case, no high voltage discharge is triggered and the piece of material is passed through the process zone 5 without further fragmentation.

Bei der in Fig. 1b dargestellten Situation befindet sich kein Materialstück in der Prozesszone 5, wodurch sich eine noch grössere Kapazität als in der in Fig. 1a dargestellten Situation ergibt. Entsprechend wird auch in diesem Fall keine Hochspannungsentladung ausgelöst.At the in Fig. 1b shown situation is no piece of material in the process zone 5, resulting in an even greater capacity than in the Fig. 1a situation shown. Accordingly, no high-voltage discharge is triggered in this case.

Bei der in Fig. 1c dargestellten Situation befindet sich ein Materialstück 1 mit einer Stückgrösse grösser als die Zielgrösse in der Prozesszone 5, wodurch sich eine Kapazität ergibt, welche kleiner ist als der Schwellenwert. In diesem Fall wird eine Hochspannungsentladung 6 ausgelöst und das Materialstück hierdurch fragmentiert.At the in Fig. 1c shown situation is a piece of material 1 with a piece size larger than the target size in the process zone 5, whereby there is a capacity that is less than the threshold. In this case, a high voltage discharge 6 is triggered and the piece of material thereby fragmented.

Fig. 2 zeigt stark schematisiert eine Situation wie in Fig. 1c dargestellt bei einem zweiten erfindungsgemässen Verfahren zur Fragmentierung von Gesteinsmaterial mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, welches sich von dem in den Figuren 1a bis 1c illustrierten Verfahren lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass die untere Elektrode 3 als metallisches Förderband 8 ausgebildet ist. Fig. 2 shows very schematically a situation like in Fig. 1c shown in a second inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges, which differs from that in the FIGS. 1a to 1c Illustrated method only differs in that the lower electrode 3 is formed as a metallic conveyor belt 8.

In den Figuren 3a und 3b ist stark schematisiert ein drittes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zur Fragmentierung von Gesteinsmaterial mittels Hochspannungsentladungen illustriert. Wie zu erkennen ist, wird hier Gesteinsmaterial 1 mittels einer Transportvorrichtung 9a, 9b zwischen zwei stromaufwärts der Prozesszone 5 angeordneten Messelektroden 10, 11 hindurchgeführt, anschliessend der Prozesszone 5 zugeführt, in welcher es mittels zwischen den beiden Elektroden 3, 4 erzeugbaren Hochspannungsentladungen 6 fragmentiert werden kann, und sodann mittels eines Förderbandes 7 von der Prozesszone 5 weggeführt. Wie durch das Kondensator-Sinnbild angedeutet ist, wird dabei fortlaufend die elektrische Kapazität zwischen den beiden Messelektroden 10, 11 ermittelt, welche je nach Grösse des zwischen diesen Elektroden 10, 11 befindlichen Materialstückes 1 variiert und dadurch die Materialstückgrösse repräsentiert. Die ermittelten Kapazitäten werden fortlaufend mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen, durch welchen bestimmt wird, ob zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem das Materialstück 1 in der Prozesszone 5 ankommt, eine Hochspannungsentladung 6 erfolgen soll, zur Fragmentierung des Materialstück 1, oder nicht. Der Zeitpunkt der Ankunft des Materialstücks 1 in der Prozesszone 5 wird aus der Zuführgeschwindigkeit S des Materialstücks 1 zur Prozesszone 5 und dem bekannten Abstand zwischen den Messelektroden 10, 11 und der Prozesszone 5 ermittelt.In the FIGS. 3a and 3b is a highly schematic illustrates a third inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high voltage discharges. As can be seen, here rock material 1 is passed by means of a transport device 9a, 9b between two measuring electrodes 10, 11 arranged upstream of the process zone 5, then fed to the process zone 5, in which it is fragmented by means of high-voltage discharges 6 that can be generated between the two electrodes 3, 4 can, and then led away by means of a conveyor belt 7 of the process zone 5. As indicated by the condenser symbol, the electrical capacitance between the two measuring electrodes 10, 11 is continuously determined, which varies depending on the size of the material piece 1 located between these electrodes 10, 11 and thereby represents the material piece size. The determined capacitances are continuously compared with a threshold value, by which it is determined whether at the time at which the piece of material 1 arrives in the process zone 5, a high-voltage discharge 6 is to take place, for fragmenting the piece of material 1, or not. The time of arrival of the piece of material 1 in the process zone 5 is determined from the feed rate S of the piece of material 1 to the process zone 5 and the known distance between the measuring electrodes 10, 11 and the process zone 5.

Bei der in Fig. 3a dargestellten Situation befindet sich ein Materialstück 1 mit einer Stückgrösse grösser als die Zielgrösse zwischen den beiden Messelektroden 10, 11, wodurch eine Kapazität ermittelt wird, welche kleiner ist als der Schwellenwert. In diesem Fall wird eine Hochspannungsentladung 6 ausgelöst, sobald das Materialstück 1 in der Prozesszone 5 angekommen ist. Diese Situation ist in Fig. 3b dargestellt. Das sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt gerade zwischen den Messelektroden 10, 11 befindliche darauffolgende Materialstück 1 hat eine Stückgrösse kleiner oder gleich der Zielgrösse, wodurch eine Kapazität ermittelt wird, welche grösser ist als der Schwellenwert. In diesem Fall wird keine Hochspannungsentladung ausgelöst sobald dieses Materialstück 1 in der Prozesszone 5 angekommen ist und das Materialstück wird ohne weitere Fragmentierung durch die Prozesszone 5 hindurchgeführt.At the in Fig. 3a illustrated situation is a piece of material 1 with a piece size larger than the target size between the two measuring electrodes 10, 11, whereby a capacity is determined, which is smaller than the threshold value. In this case, a high voltage discharge 6 is triggered as soon as the piece of material 1 has arrived in the process zone 5. This situation is in Fig. 3b shown. The subsequent piece of material 1 that is currently located between the measuring electrodes 10, 11 has a size less than or equal to the target size, whereby a capacitance is determined which is greater than the threshold value. In this case, no high voltage discharge is triggered when this piece of material 1 has arrived in the process zone 5 and the piece of material is passed through the process zone 5 without further fragmentation.

Die Figuren 4a und 4b illustrieren stark schematisiert ein viertes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zur Fragmentierung von Gesteinsmaterial mittels Hochspannungsentladungen. Wie zu erkennen ist, unterscheidet sich dieses Verfahren von dem in den Figuren 3a und 3b illustrierten Verfahren lediglich dadurch, dass anstelle der Transportvorrichtung 9a, 9b und der unteren Messelektrode 10 ein Förderband 2 verwendet wird, welches gleichzeitig als untere Messelektrode 10 dient.The FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate very schematically a fourth inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges. As can be seen, this method differs from that in the FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrated method only in that instead of the transport device 9a, 9b and the lower measuring electrode 10, a conveyor belt 2 is used, which also serves as the lower measuring electrode 10.

Die Figuren 5a und 5b illustrieren stark schematisiert ein fünftes erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zur Fragmentierung von Gesteinsmaterial mittels Hochspannungsentladungen. Wie zu erkennen ist, unterscheidet sich dieses Verfahren von dem in den Figuren 4a und 4b illustrierten Verfahren lediglich dadurch, dass anstelle der Messelektroden ein Kamerasystem 12 verwendet wird, mittels welchem fortlaufend die Stückgrösse oder Stückgrössenverteilung des Materials in dem Bereich stromaufwärts der Prozesszone 5 ermittelt wird. Die ermittelten Stückgrössen oder Stückgrössenverteilungen werden fortlaufend mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen, durch welchen bestimmt wird, ob zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem das Materialstück 1 in der Prozesszone 5 ankommt, eine Hochspannungsentladung 6 erfolgen soll, zur Fragmentierung des Materialstück 1, oder nicht. Der Zeitpunkt der Ankunft des Materialstücks 1 in der Prozesszone 5 wird aus der Zuführgeschwindigkeit S des Materialstücks 1 zur Prozesszone 5 und dem bekannten Abstand zwischen dem Kamerasystem 12 und der Prozesszone 5 ermittelt.The FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate very schematically a fifth inventive method for fragmentation of rock material by means of high-voltage discharges. As can be seen, this method differs from that in the FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrated method only in that instead of the measuring electrodes, a camera system 12 is used, by means of which the piece size or piece size distribution of the material in the region upstream of the process zone 5 is determined continuously. The determined piece sizes or piece size distributions become continuous compared with a threshold value by which it is determined whether at the time at which the piece of material 1 arrives in the process zone 5, a high-voltage discharge 6 is to take place, for fragmenting the piece of material 1, or not. The time of arrival of the piece of material 1 in the process zone 5 is determined from the feed rate S of the piece of material 1 to the process zone 5 and the known distance between the camera system 12 and the process zone 5.

Bei der in Fig. 5a dargestellten Situation befindet sich ein Materialstück 1 mit einer Stückgrösse grösser als die Zielgrösse im Sichtbereich des Kamerasystems 12, so dass bei Ankunft des Materialstücks 1 in der Prozesszone 5 eine Hochspannungsentladung 6 ausgelöst wird, wie dies in Fig. 5b dargestellt ist.At the in Fig. 5a a piece of material 1 is larger than the target size in the field of view of the camera system 12, so that upon arrival of the piece of material 1 in the process zone 5, a high voltage discharge 6 is triggered, as shown in Fig. 5b is shown.

Während in der vorliegenden Anmeldung bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung beschrieben sind, ist klar darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Erfindung nicht auf diese beschränkt ist und auch in anderer Weise innerhalb des Umfangs der nun folgenden Ansprüche ausgeführt werden kann.While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the present application, it should be clearly understood that the invention is not limited to these and may be practiced otherwise within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (39)

  1. Method for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening material (1), particularly rock material (1) or ore, by means of high-voltage discharges (6), comprising the steps:
    a) providing a process zone (5) between at least two electrodes at a distance from one another (3, 4),
    b) guiding the material (1) to fragment or to pre-weaken, respectively, through the process zone (5), and
    c) generating high-voltage discharges (6) between the at least two electrodes (3, 4) during the guiding of the material (1) to fragment or to pre-weaken, respectively, through the process zone (5), for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening the material (1), respectively,
    wherein the high-voltage discharges (6) are triggered, individually or as a sequence of multiple high-voltage discharges (6), depending on at least one process parameter determined continuously and representing the current and/or a future situation related to the material (1) located in the process zone (5).
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the process parameter represents the current or a future material filling level of the process zone (5).
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the process parameter represents the current or a future piece size or piece size distribution of the material (1) located in the process zone (5).
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the process parameter represents a fragmenting degree or a pre-weakening degree, respectively, of the material (1) located in the process zone (5).
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a process zone parameter is determined continuously for determining the process parameter, which represents a property of the content or of a part of the content of the process zone (5) or of a neighboring region of the process zone (5).
  6. Method according to claim 5, wherein an electric capacity, an electric conductivity and/or a permittivity of the content or of a part of the content, respectively, of the process zone (5) or of a neighboring region of the process zone (5) is determined as process zone parameter.
  7. Method according to one of the claims 5 to 6, wherein a material filling weight and/or a material filling level of the process zone (5) or of a neighboring region of the process zone (5) is determined as process zone parameter.
  8. Method according to one of the claims 5 to 7, wherein a piece size or a piece size distribution of the material located in the process zone or in the neighboring region is determined as process zone parameter.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material (1) to be fragmented and/or pre-weakened, respectively, is supplied continuously to the process zone as material stream and wherein at least one material supply parameter is determined continuously for determining the process parameter, which represents a property of the material stream in a region upstream of the process zone (5).
  10. Method according to claim 9, wherein an electric capacity, an electric conductivity and/or a permittivity of the material stream is determined in said region as material supply parameter.
  11. Method according to one of the claims 9 to 10, wherein the volume flow and/or the mass flow of the material stream or of the material to be fragmented and/or pre-weakened, respectively, transported by the material stream is determined in said region as material supply parameter.
  12. Method according to one of the claims 9 to 11, wherein a piece size or a piece size distribution of the material (1) located in said region is determined as material supply parameter.
  13. Method according to one of the claims 9 to 12, wherein the process parameter represents a future situation with respect to the material (1) located in the process zone (5), and wherein the instant in future, at which the situation represented by the process parameter in the process zone (5) occurs, is determined by taking into account the supply speed (S) of the material stream towards the process zone (5) and the distance between the location of the determination of the material supply parameter, and wherein the high-voltage discharges (6) are triggered at this instant depending on the process parameter.
  14. Method according to one of the claims 5 to 13, wherein the at least one process parameter corresponds to the at least one process zone parameter and/or to the at least one material supply parameter.
  15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the continuously determined process parameter is compared continuously with a threshold value and the high-voltage discharges (6) or the sequence of high-voltage discharges (6) are each triggered when the process parameter matches the threshold value or exceeds or falls below a certain value.
  16. Method according to claim 15, wherein a threshold value is used, which is determined beforehand in such a way that a material situation is effected in the region where the process parameter or the process zone parameter determined for determining the process parameter, respectively, or the material supply parameter is determined, for which the triggering of high-voltage discharges (6) is desired, wherein thereafter the process parameter is determined in this state and this process parameter is used as threshold value.
  17. Method according to claim 16, wherein a threshold value is used, which is determined beforehand in such a way that a single material piece (1) or a certain material quantity, for which the triggering of high-voltage discharges is desired, is arranged in the process zone (5), wherein subsequently the process parameter is determined by determining the process zone parameter which represents a property of the content or of a part of the content of the process zone (5), respectively, or of a neighboring region of the process zone (5), and wherein this process parameter is used as threshold value.
  18. Method according to claim 9 and to one of the claims 16 to 17, wherein a threshold value is used, which is determined beforehand in such a way that a single material piece (1) or a certain material quantity is arranged in a region upstream of the process zone (5), which correspond(s) to a material piece or a certain material quantity for which, when it is present in the process zone (5), the triggering of high-voltage discharges (6) is desired, wherein subsequently the process parameter is determined by determining the material supply parameter which represents a property of the material piece (1) or of the material quantity in the region upstream of the process zone, and wherein this process parameter is used as threshold value.
  19. Method according to one of the claims 15 to 18, wherein at least a parameter of a method preceding the method according to the invention and/or of a method following the method according to the invention is determined and the threshold value is changed based on this at least one parameter.
  20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the preceding method and/or the subsequent method is a method for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening material by means of high-voltage discharges, particularly according to one of the preceding claims, for which the material supplied to the method according to the invention and/or the material emerging from the method according to the invention is fragmented and/or pre-weakened.
  21. Method according to one of the claims 19 to 20, wherein a parameter of a method preceding the method according to the invention is determined, representing properties of the material emerging from the preceding method, which is supplied to the process zone (5) for fragmenting or pre-weakening it, respectively, particularly representing the material type, the material quantity, the fragmentability, the material hardness and/or the piece size of this material.
  22. Method according to claim 21, wherein an energy consumption of a device for treating the material in the preceding method, particularly of a crusher or of a mill, the piece size of the material emerging from the preceding method, a consumption of chemical materials used in the preceding method, a concentration of certain materials in a process liquid of the preceding method and/or the quantity of material which emerges from the preceding method, is determined as parameter.
  23. Method according to one of the claims 19 to 22, wherein a parameter of a method following the method according to the invention is determined, which represents properties of the fragmented or pre-weakened material, respectively, which emerges from the method according to the invention and is supplied to the subsequent method, particularly representing the material type, the material quantity, the fragmentability, the material hardness and/or the piece size of this material.
  24. Method according to claim 23, wherein the energy consumption of a device for treating the material in the subsequent method, particularly of a crusher or of a mill, the pressure of a ball mill cyclone used in the subsequent method, the piece size of the material supplied to the subsequent method, a consumption of chemical materials used in the subsequent method, a concentration of certain materials in a process liquid of the subsequent method, a rejection rate or a recovery rate reached in the subsequent method, and/or the quantity of material which emerges from the subsequent method, is determined as parameter.
  25. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the process zone (5) is flooded with a process liquid during the triggering of high-voltage discharges (6), particularly with water.
  26. Method according to claim 25, wherein process liquid passes through the process zone (5).
  27. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material (1) to be fragmented and/or pre-weakened, respectively, is a precious metal ore or a semi-precious metal ore, particularly copper ore or copper/gold ore or platinum ore.
  28. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a fragmenting and/or a pre-weakening of the material (1) to be fragmented and/or pre-weakened is carried out before the method, particularly a fragmentation or a pre-weakening, respectively, by means of high-voltage discharges, particularly by carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims.
  29. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a fragmenting and/or a pre-weakening of the material (1) fragmented and/or pre-weakened by the method is carried out after the method, particularly a fragmentation and/or weakening by means of high-voltage discharges, particularly by carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, or a mechanical fragmentation.
  30. Installation for usage with the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:
    a) a process zone (5) between at least two electrodes at a distance from one another (3, 4),
    b) means (2, 7; 7, 9a, 9b; 2, 7, 8) for guiding the material (1) to fragment or to pre-weaken, respectively, through the process zone (5), and
    c) means for generating high-voltage discharges (6) between the at least two electrodes (3, 4) during the guiding of the material (1) to fragment or to pre-weaken, respectively, through the process zone (5), for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening the material (1),
    wherein the means for generating high-voltage discharges (6) between the at least two electrodes (3, 4) are formed in such a way that a targeted triggering of single high-voltage discharges or of single sequences of multiple high-voltage discharges (6), depending on at least one process parameter determined continuously and representing the current and/or a future situation related to the material (1) located in the process zone (5), is possible.
  31. Installation according to claim 30, wherein the installation has means for continuously determining at least one process parameter representing the current and/or a future situation related to the material (1) located in the process zone (5), particularly for continuously determining at least one process parameter representing the current or a future material filling level of the process zone (5) or the current or a future piece size or piece size distribution of the material (1) located in the process zone (5) and/or a fragmenting degree or a pre-weakening degree, respectively, of the material (1) located in the process zone, and wherein the installation has an installation controller by means of which the single high-voltage discharges (6) or sequences of multiple high-voltage discharges (6) can be triggered depending on the respective determined process parameter.
  32. Installation according to claim 31, wherein the means for continuously determining the at least one process parameter are formed in such a way that they can determine at least one process zone parameter for determining the process parameter, which represents a property of the content or of a part of the content of the process zone (5) or of a neighboring region of the process zone (5), particularly an electric capacity, an electric conductivity and/or a permittivity of the content or of a part of the content, respectively, of the process zone (5) or of a neighboring region of the process zone (5), a material filling weight and/or a material filling level of the process zone (5) or of the neighboring region of the process zone (5) and/or a piece size or a piece size distribution of the material (1) located in the process zone or in the neighboring region.
  33. Installation according to one of the claims 31 to 32, wherein the installation has means (2; 9a, 9b; 2, 8) for continuously supplying the material (1) to be fragmented and/or pre-weakened, respectively, as material stream to the process zone (5) and wherein the means for continuously determining the process parameter are formed in such a way that they can determine at least one material supplying parameter of the material stream in a region upstream of the process zone (5) for determining the process parameter, particularly an electric capacity, an electric conductivity and/or a permittivity of the material stream and/or the volume flow and/or the mass flow of the material stream or of the material (1) to be fragmented and/or pre-weakened transported by the material stream and/or the piece size or the piece size distribution of the material located in the region.
  34. Installation according to claim 33, wherein the means for determining the at least one process parameter are formed in such a way that the process parameter determined by them represents a future situation with respect to the material (1) located in the process zone (5), and wherein the installation controller is formed in such a way that it can determine the instant in the future at which the situation represented by the process parameter in the process zone (5) occurs, by taking into account the supply speed (S) of the material stream towards the process zone (5) and the distance between the location of the determination of the material supply parameter and the process zone (5), and wherein the high-voltage discharges (6) or the sequences of multiple high-voltage discharges are triggered by taking into account this instant.
  35. Installation according to one of the claims 31 to 34, wherein the installation controller is adapted to continuously compare the continuously determined process parameter with a threshold value and to trigger the high-voltage discharges (6) or the sequence of high-voltage discharges (6) when the process parameter matches the threshold value or exceeds or falls below it by a certain value.
  36. Installation according to claim 35, wherein the installation controller is adapted to compare the process parameter with a threshold value which was previously determined by it by the means for continuously determining the process parameter, particularly automatically, by operating the installation in such a way that a material situation is caused in the region where the process parameter or the process zone parameter or the material supply parameter determined for determining the process parameter, respectively, is determined, for which the triggering of high-voltage discharges (6) is desired, wherein thereafter the process parameter is determined in this state and this process parameter is used as threshold value by the installation controller.
  37. Installation according to claim 36, wherein the installation controller is adapted to compare the process parameter with a threshold value which was previously determined by it by the means for continuously determining the process parameter, particularly automatically, by operating the installation in such a way that a single material piece (1) or a certain material quantity is arranged in the process zone (5), for which the triggering of high-voltage discharges (6) is desired, wherein subsequently the process parameter is determined by determining the process zone parameter which represents a property of the content or of the part of the content, respectively, of the process zone (5) or of a neighboring region of the process zone (5), and wherein this process parameter is subsequently used by the installation controller as threshold value.
  38. Installation according to claim 33 and to one of the claims 36 to 37, wherein the installation controller is adapted to compare the process parameter with a threshold value which was previously determined by it by the means for continuously determining the process parameter, particularly automatically, by operating the installation in such a way that a single material piece (1) or a certain material quantity is arranged in a region upstream of the process zone (5), which correspond(s) to a material piece or a certain material quantity for which, when it is present in the process zone (5), the triggering of high-voltage discharges (6) is desired, wherein subsequently the process parameter is determined by determining the material supply parameter which represents a property of the material piece (1) or of the material quantity in the region upstream of the process zone, and wherein this process parameter is subsequently used by the installation controller as threshold value.
  39. Installation according to one of the claims 35 to 38, wherein the installation controller is formed in such a way that it can change the threshold value depending on one or more parameters of an installation upstream of the installation according to the invention and/or of an installation downstream of the installation according to the invention.
EP13788879.8A 2013-10-25 2013-10-25 Method for fragmenting and/or pre-weakening material by means of high-voltage discharges Active EP3060347B1 (en)

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EP (1) EP3060347B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6362689B2 (en)
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AU (1) AU2013403789B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2928107A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2656504T3 (en)
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CN105848785A (en) 2016-08-10
WO2015058312A1 (en) 2015-04-30
IL245256A0 (en) 2016-06-30
AU2013403789B2 (en) 2018-02-08
US20160279643A1 (en) 2016-09-29
NO3060347T3 (en) 2018-03-31
KR20160085247A (en) 2016-07-15
CA2928107A1 (en) 2015-04-30
EP3060347A1 (en) 2016-08-31
CN105848785B (en) 2018-07-10
ES2656504T3 (en) 2018-02-27
JP2016533876A (en) 2016-11-04
RU2621589C1 (en) 2017-06-06
AU2013403789A1 (en) 2016-04-14
JP6362689B2 (en) 2018-07-25

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