EP2689502B1 - Parafoudre à basse tension de réponse et procédé de fabrication dudit parafoudre - Google Patents

Parafoudre à basse tension de réponse et procédé de fabrication dudit parafoudre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2689502B1
EP2689502B1 EP20120712619 EP12712619A EP2689502B1 EP 2689502 B1 EP2689502 B1 EP 2689502B1 EP 20120712619 EP20120712619 EP 20120712619 EP 12712619 A EP12712619 A EP 12712619A EP 2689502 B1 EP2689502 B1 EP 2689502B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
surge arrester
electrodes
metallic material
metallic
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Application number
EP20120712619
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2689502A1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Soelter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
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Epcos AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/24—Selection of materials for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with low operating voltage and a method for its preparation.
  • the threshold voltage is referred to as static or steady state stress with a rise of the voltage of 100 V / s as An Anlagen Eisenschreib Uag and dynamic load with an increase of the voltage of 1 kV / ⁇ s as An Maschinenmonystein uas.
  • the arc is maintained by the feeding current as long as the electrical conditions for the arc are met.
  • WO 03/049244 A1 An electrode for a gas-filled electrical component with a trough-shaped depression, in which a raised portion is arranged at the bottom of the depression, is shown.
  • the recess may be filled with an electrode activating mass.
  • the DE 26 39 816 A1 shows a surge arrester with frusto-conical electrodes, at their free ends metal rings are provided. In the interior of the rings an activation mass is provided.
  • the JP 2006 286294 A shows a discharge tube with two electrodes, at the ends of which are recesses. In the recesses a film is provided by means of which can influence the electrical properties of the device.
  • An object to be solved is to provide a surge arrester having a low response voltage and a manufacturing method therefor.
  • the surge arrester has a cavity which is formed by at least one insulating body.
  • the electrode spacing In the cavity extending from the sides of two electrodes, which are oriented with their free ends to each other and from each other at a distance, the electrode spacing, have.
  • the electrodes In particular, the electrodes have the same longitudinal axis.
  • the electrodes contain several different metallic materials.
  • each metallic material is embedded in another metallic material.
  • the embedding takes place in one or more electrode cavities.
  • two or three metallic materials are arranged in the free end portions so as to have a surface open to the other electrode, respectively.
  • the insulating body consists of one piece or, in particular, if a center electrode is provided in the region of the electrode gap, of two pieces.
  • the at least one insulating body is formed of ceramic.
  • the at least one insulating body is tubular and in particular cylindrically shaped.
  • the electrodes are preferably rod-shaped.
  • the electrodes of the surge arrester are connected at their respective non-free ends to one end of the at least one insulating body to the surge arrester.
  • the non-free ends of the electrodes have a flange, which is connected in a gas-tight manner to the at least one insulating body.
  • the gas used in the surge arrester is preferably neon with an admixture of argon.
  • each flange has a connection, in particular with screw thread on, with which the surge arrester or its electrodes can be electrically contacted.
  • the surge arrester is designed for the following properties or tasks.
  • the DC response voltage is between 55 volts and 70 volts, and the threshold surge voltage is less than 700 volts.
  • the pulse load capacity at a current load is 100 kA (kilo-ampere) with a standard surge waveform 8 ⁇ s / 20 ⁇ s, i. with a rise time of 8 ⁇ s and a back half-life of 20 ⁇ s.
  • the pulse load capacity is 50 kA.
  • the surge arrester allows a safe response in case of failure (failsafe) according to a current-time characteristic. Due to the failsafe inside the surge arrester, it is suitable for use in a potentially explosive environment, since there is no sparking outside the surge arrester, even in the event of a flashover between the internal electrodes.
  • the surge arrester for the first time enables the fulfillment of the aforementioned extreme tasks. This makes it possible to use the Sprintliteiter as a single component in areas where previously more expensive protective measures had to be taken or in which such protection was not possible.
  • each of the electrodes includes a first metallic material and a second metallic material in an electrode cavity of the first metallic electrode extending from the free end into the electrode Material. This makes it possible to select and set up the two metallic materials to the predetermined threshold voltages and the current pulse load.
  • the two metallic materials have different melting points. This ensures, depending on the location of the base point of an electrical discharge, that the current-time characteristic of the inner failsafe between the electrodes is maintained.
  • the second metallic material melts at lower sustained load rather than the more outwardly disposed first metallic material. At higher currents, the base point of the sustain discharge migrates towards the first metallic material and melts it.
  • the materials with different melting points allow for different current strengths and sufficiently high temperatures an internal short circuit by melting and subsequent welding of the electrodes.
  • the molten materials of both electrodes preferably bridge the electrode spacing of the surge arrester given in the starting position and weld to a metallic short circuit of the two electrodes.
  • the electrodes have the same longitudinal axis and the melting points of the different metallic materials increase from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction.
  • the surge arrester is preferably arranged such that in the case of its response, a discharge at two opposite regions of the second metallic material of the electrodes starts. As the discharge progresses, it also comprises the first metallic material, which is preferably designed with regard to a higher current carrying capacity than the first metallic material.
  • the electrode cavity of an electrode of the surge arrester is shaped so that the second metallic material is low-resistance and mechanically firmly connected to the first metallic material. This makes it possible to optimize the electrical properties of the electrodes and the parameters of the surge arrester.
  • the electrode cavity of the surge arrester has an undercut in which the second metallic material engages. This allows a very strong mechanical or a frictional connection of the two metallic materials, which also withstands high current forces, and a low resistance at the junction of the two metallic materials.
  • a particularly low resistance of the electrodes of the surge arrester results when the second metallic material is produced on the basis of a copper paste or in particular based on a sinterable copper paste. This allows a cost-effective and safe production of the electrodes of the surge arrester.
  • the copper paste is free of flux.
  • the second metallic material is sintered in the electrode cavity. This allows a lot good electrical and mechanical connection of the two metallic materials.
  • the first metallic material of the electrodes comprises an iron-nickel alloy. This is characterized by a high current carrying capacity.
  • Particularly advantageous conditions for ignition of the surge arrester are achieved by the free end of one or each electrode contains an activation mass.
  • This advantageously favorable starting conditions for the response or ignition of the surge arrester are possible. It is particularly advantageous if the surfaces of the free end of one or each of the electrodes have a waffle in which the activation mass is arranged. In a large-scale application of the activation mass to the particular copper-containing second metallic material discharging regularly starts particularly advantageous and safe in the range of the activation mass and thus in the copper-containing part of the electrodes.
  • At least two electrodes are provided and gas-tightly connected to the ends of at least one insulator, the following steps being performed.
  • An electrode cavity is made in the free end of each electrode, in particular by unscrewing the first metallic material of the electrode or by welding or soldering a ring onto an electrode base body.
  • a metallic paste is filled in the electrode cavity thus formed and the Surface of the metallic paste structured.
  • an activating mass is introduced into the structures of the surface of the metallic paste.
  • the electrode is sintered. Subsequently, the sintered surface of the electrode is ground.
  • a copper paste is introduced and sintered into an electrode cavity of an iron-nickel alloy electrode.
  • a wafer structure in particular a waffle, is pressed into the sintered copper paste by means of a tool.
  • the electrode activation mass is introduced into the wafer structure with a drop-paste. This is followed by a final sintering process.
  • the surge arrester is cylindrical with an outer diameter of about 25 mm and a total length of 40 mm or about 23 formed without external connections.
  • each electrode is designed to be assembled.
  • the embodiment makes it possible to create by using different metals or alloys optimized Ableiter crab for the interior and at the same time very good soldering or To provide welding properties for the external terminals of the electrodes.
  • the cavity or interior space contains on the inner wall of the insulating multiple ignition strips.
  • the ignition strips extend into the discharge back space on both sides of the electrode gap.
  • FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a surge arrester 1 in the (partial) cross section is shown.
  • the surge arrester has two electrodes each composed of a plurality of parts 2a, 2b, 2c and 3a, 3b, 3c or soldered or welded.
  • the flange 2b, 3b of each electrode closes by means of a VerInstitutlötung 4 a tubular insulating body 5 with a cavity 6 on both sides.
  • the interior of the surge arrester thus formed is gas-tight and contains a gas entirely of neon with a small admixture of argon.
  • the insulating body 5 is made of ceramic material.
  • the outer terminal 2c, 3c of each electrode is formed as a threaded bolt or screw body.
  • Each electrode 2, 3 comprises an iron-nickel alloy.
  • Each inner electrode 2a, 3a is rod-shaped made of the iron-nickel alloy as the first metallic material and includes an electrode cavity 7 having an undercut 7a.
  • a sintered copper paste 10 is arranged as the second metallic material, which enters into an intimate or non-positive mechanical as well as a good electrical connection with the first metallic material with the aid of the undercut 7a and a central blind hole 8.
  • the undercut is provided so that the copper paste will not be pulled out when the surge arrester responds and the high currents and forces associated therewith in the electrode.
  • the blind hole 8 supports this through the enlarged area between the first and the second metallic material.
  • the distance of the end faces of the electrodes, d. H. the electrode spacing A at their free ends, is 0.5 mm.
  • the insulating body 5 has on its inner wall a plurality of distributed over its circumference and arranged in the longitudinal direction of ignition 9. The ignition strips are electrically connected to none of the electrodes.
  • FIG. 2 has the electrode 2 and 3 according to FIG. 1 described construction.
  • a sintered copper paste 10 is disposed in the electrode cavity. After introducing a flux-free copper paste into the electrode cavity, the copper paste is sintered several times and ground on its surface.
  • the copper paste 10 at the free end of the electrode forms a matrix for an activation mass 11, which is preferably embedded over a large area in a waffle structure of the surface.
  • the wafer is applied by means of a tool after the first sintering of the copper paste.
  • the sintered copper paste is pasted with the activation mass.
  • the activation mass contains silicates and halides. Included materials are in particular nickel, titanium, barium aluminate, barium titanate, sodium, potassium and cesium silicate and cesium tungstate.
  • the surge arrester has the following performance characteristics: Ansch Schweizerschreibprimarily Uag between 55 volts and 70 volts, An Maschinenmony Corporation uas less than 700 volts, pulse load capacity 100 kA at a standard current pulse of Waveform 8/20 ⁇ s and 50 kA at a standard current pulse of the waveform 10/350 ⁇ s.
  • the internal failsafe feature allows the use of the surge arrester in a potentially explosive environment, because in the event of a fault, no sparking occurs outside the surge arrester.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Parafoudre, présentant une cavité (6) formée par au moins un corps isolant (5) et au moins deux électrodes (2, 3) qui s'étendent dans la cavité, qui sont orientées l'une vers l'autre par leurs extrémités libres et qui présentent un écartement d'électrodes (A) l'une par rapport à l'autre, et qui contiennent plusieurs matériaux métalliques différents (2a, 10; 3a, 10) dans les régions des extrémités libres, dans lequel chacune des électrodes contient un premier matériau métallique (2a, 3a) et un deuxième matériau métallique (10) est disposé dans une cavité d'électrode (7) du premier matériau métallique qui s'étend dans l'électrode à partir de l'extrémité libre, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité libre de l'électrode contient par ailleurs une masse d'activation (11) sur le deuxième matériau métallique (10) et en ce que le premier et le deuxième matériaux métalliques (2a, 10; 3a, 10) présentent des points de fusion différents, dans lequel celui du deuxième matériau métallique (10) est plus bas et dans lequel, lorsque les matériaux (2a, 10; 3a, 10) des deux électrodes (2, 3) sont fondus, les électrodes (2, 3) sont soudées en un court-circuit métallique des deux électrodes (2, 3).
  2. Parafoudre selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la cavité d'électrode est formée de telle manière que le deuxième matériau métallique soit assemblé au premier matériau métallique avec une faible résistance électrique et une haute résistance mécanique.
  3. Parafoudre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la cavité d'électrode présente une contre-dépouille (7a), dans laquelle le deuxième matériau métallique est engagé.
  4. Parafoudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le deuxième matériau métallique est fabriqué à base d'une pâte de cuivre.
  5. Parafoudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le deuxième matériau métallique est fritté dans la cavité.
  6. Parafoudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier matériau métallique des électrodes présente un alliage fer-nickel.
  7. Parafoudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les surfaces de l'extrémité libre des électrodes présentent un gaufrage, dans lequel la masse d'activation est disposée.
  8. Parafoudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes présentant une disposition cylindrique, dans laquelle les électrodes ont le même axe longitudinal et les points de fusion des différents matériaux métalliques augmentent en direction radiale à partir de l'axe longitudinal.
  9. Parafoudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les électrodes présentent à leurs extrémités non libres respectivement une aile (2b, 3b), avec laquelle elles sont assemblées chacune de façon étanche au gaz à une extrémité du corps isolant.
  10. Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel on prépare au moins deux électrodes et on les assemble de façon étanche au gaz aux extrémités d'au moins un corps isolant, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes:
    a) fabriquer une cavité d'électrode (7) dans l'extrémité libre de chaque électrode (2, 3),
    b) verser une pâte métallique (10) dans la cavité d'électrode,
    c) structurer la surface de la pâte métallique,
    d) introduire une masse d'activation (11) dans les structures de la surface de la pâte métallique,
    e) fritter l'électrode après au moins une des étapes b) à d).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la surface de la pâte métallique (10) est polie après chaque étape de frittage.
EP20120712619 2011-03-21 2012-03-21 Parafoudre à basse tension de réponse et procédé de fabrication dudit parafoudre Active EP2689502B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011014582A DE102011014582A1 (de) 2011-03-21 2011-03-21 Überspannungsableiter mit niedriger Ansprechspannung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
PCT/EP2012/055011 WO2012126952A1 (fr) 2011-03-21 2012-03-21 Parafoudre à basse tension de réponse et procédé de fabrication dudit parafoudre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2689502A1 EP2689502A1 (fr) 2014-01-29
EP2689502B1 true EP2689502B1 (fr) 2015-05-06

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EP20120712619 Active EP2689502B1 (fr) 2011-03-21 2012-03-21 Parafoudre à basse tension de réponse et procédé de fabrication dudit parafoudre

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US (1) US9190811B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2689502B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5707533B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103430407B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011014582A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012126952A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6657746B2 (ja) 2015-10-09 2020-03-04 三菱マテリアル株式会社 放電管
DE102017115035A1 (de) 2017-07-05 2019-01-10 Tdk Electronics Ag Ableiter
CN114765085A (zh) * 2021-01-11 2022-07-19 国巨电子（中国）有限公司 点火器电阻及其制造方法

Family Cites Families (19)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1582128A (fr) 1968-06-18 1969-09-26
DE1950090C3 (de) * 1969-10-03 1979-09-27 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Gasentladungsröhre
US3989973A (en) * 1971-01-02 1976-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cold-cathode gas-discharge device
DE2639816A1 (de) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-16 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter
DE2834088A1 (de) * 1978-08-03 1980-02-14 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsroehre, insbesondere ueberspannungsableiter
JPS5824989U (ja) * 1981-08-11 1983-02-17 株式会社白山製作所 ガス入放電管
JPS58204483A (ja) * 1982-05-25 1983-11-29 株式会社　水戸テツク 避雷管
JPS62112880A (ja) 1985-11-12 1987-05-23 トステム株式会社 窓改装における新窓枠取付け装置
JPH0226150Y2 (fr) * 1985-12-28 1990-07-17
US4837050A (en) * 1986-09-30 1989-06-06 Asahi Chemical Research Laboratory Co., Ltd. Method for producing electrically conductive circuits on a base board
WO1998044523A1 (fr) * 1997-03-31 1998-10-08 Tdk Corporation Materiau ceramique dielectrique non reducteur
DE19741658A1 (de) 1997-09-16 1999-03-18 Siemens Ag Gasgefüllte Entladungsstrecke
JP2000188169A (ja) 1998-12-21 2000-07-04 Tokin Corp サ―ジ吸収素子
DE10159260A1 (de) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-18 Epcos Ag Elektrode und elektrisches Bauelement mit der Elektrode
JP4161696B2 (ja) 2002-11-29 2008-10-08 三菱マテリアル株式会社 チップ型サージアブソーバ及びその製造方法
JP4651434B2 (ja) * 2005-03-31 2011-03-16 岡谷電機産業株式会社 放電管
CN100463326C (zh) 2005-08-11 2009-02-18 西安交通大学 真空环境下凹、凸状或双凹槽电极过电压保护装置
CN101297452A (zh) 2005-09-14 2008-10-29 力特保险丝有限公司 充气式电涌放电器、激活化合物、点火条及相应方法
DE102007063316A1 (de) 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter mit niedriger Ansprechstoßspannung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012126952A1 (fr) 2012-09-27
US20140063675A1 (en) 2014-03-06
EP2689502A1 (fr) 2014-01-29
JP5707533B2 (ja) 2015-04-30
DE102011014582A1 (de) 2012-09-27
US9190811B2 (en) 2015-11-17
JP2014509063A (ja) 2014-04-10
CN103430407A (zh) 2013-12-04
CN103430407B (zh) 2015-08-12

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