EP2689502B1 - Surge arrester with a low response voltage, and method for producing same - Google Patents
Surge arrester with a low response voltage, and method for producing same Download PDFInfo
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- EP2689502B1 EP2689502B1 EP20120712619 EP12712619A EP2689502B1 EP 2689502 B1 EP2689502 B1 EP 2689502B1 EP 20120712619 EP20120712619 EP 20120712619 EP 12712619 A EP12712619 A EP 12712619A EP 2689502 B1 EP2689502 B1 EP 2689502B1
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- electrode
- surge arrester
- electrodes
- metallic material
- metallic
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012773 waffles Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical group [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/24—Selection of materials for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
- H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a surge arrester with low operating voltage and a method for its preparation.
- the threshold voltage is referred to as static or steady state stress with a rise of the voltage of 100 V / s as An Anlagen Eisenschreib Uag and dynamic load with an increase of the voltage of 1 kV / ⁇ s as An Maschinenmonystein uas.
- the arc is maintained by the feeding current as long as the electrical conditions for the arc are met.
- WO 03/049244 A1 An electrode for a gas-filled electrical component with a trough-shaped depression, in which a raised portion is arranged at the bottom of the depression, is shown.
- the recess may be filled with an electrode activating mass.
- the DE 26 39 816 A1 shows a surge arrester with frusto-conical electrodes, at their free ends metal rings are provided. In the interior of the rings an activation mass is provided.
- the JP 2006 286294 A shows a discharge tube with two electrodes, at the ends of which are recesses. In the recesses a film is provided by means of which can influence the electrical properties of the device.
- An object to be solved is to provide a surge arrester having a low response voltage and a manufacturing method therefor.
- the surge arrester has a cavity which is formed by at least one insulating body.
- the electrode spacing In the cavity extending from the sides of two electrodes, which are oriented with their free ends to each other and from each other at a distance, the electrode spacing, have.
- the electrodes In particular, the electrodes have the same longitudinal axis.
- the electrodes contain several different metallic materials.
- each metallic material is embedded in another metallic material.
- the embedding takes place in one or more electrode cavities.
- two or three metallic materials are arranged in the free end portions so as to have a surface open to the other electrode, respectively.
- the insulating body consists of one piece or, in particular, if a center electrode is provided in the region of the electrode gap, of two pieces.
- the at least one insulating body is formed of ceramic.
- the at least one insulating body is tubular and in particular cylindrically shaped.
- the electrodes are preferably rod-shaped.
- the electrodes of the surge arrester are connected at their respective non-free ends to one end of the at least one insulating body to the surge arrester.
- the non-free ends of the electrodes have a flange, which is connected in a gas-tight manner to the at least one insulating body.
- the gas used in the surge arrester is preferably neon with an admixture of argon.
- each flange has a connection, in particular with screw thread on, with which the surge arrester or its electrodes can be electrically contacted.
- the surge arrester is designed for the following properties or tasks.
- the DC response voltage is between 55 volts and 70 volts, and the threshold surge voltage is less than 700 volts.
- the pulse load capacity at a current load is 100 kA (kilo-ampere) with a standard surge waveform 8 ⁇ s / 20 ⁇ s, i. with a rise time of 8 ⁇ s and a back half-life of 20 ⁇ s.
- the pulse load capacity is 50 kA.
- the surge arrester allows a safe response in case of failure (failsafe) according to a current-time characteristic. Due to the failsafe inside the surge arrester, it is suitable for use in a potentially explosive environment, since there is no sparking outside the surge arrester, even in the event of a flashover between the internal electrodes.
- the surge arrester for the first time enables the fulfillment of the aforementioned extreme tasks. This makes it possible to use the Sprintliteiter as a single component in areas where previously more expensive protective measures had to be taken or in which such protection was not possible.
- each of the electrodes includes a first metallic material and a second metallic material in an electrode cavity of the first metallic electrode extending from the free end into the electrode Material. This makes it possible to select and set up the two metallic materials to the predetermined threshold voltages and the current pulse load.
- the two metallic materials have different melting points. This ensures, depending on the location of the base point of an electrical discharge, that the current-time characteristic of the inner failsafe between the electrodes is maintained.
- the second metallic material melts at lower sustained load rather than the more outwardly disposed first metallic material. At higher currents, the base point of the sustain discharge migrates towards the first metallic material and melts it.
- the materials with different melting points allow for different current strengths and sufficiently high temperatures an internal short circuit by melting and subsequent welding of the electrodes.
- the molten materials of both electrodes preferably bridge the electrode spacing of the surge arrester given in the starting position and weld to a metallic short circuit of the two electrodes.
- the electrodes have the same longitudinal axis and the melting points of the different metallic materials increase from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction.
- the surge arrester is preferably arranged such that in the case of its response, a discharge at two opposite regions of the second metallic material of the electrodes starts. As the discharge progresses, it also comprises the first metallic material, which is preferably designed with regard to a higher current carrying capacity than the first metallic material.
- the electrode cavity of an electrode of the surge arrester is shaped so that the second metallic material is low-resistance and mechanically firmly connected to the first metallic material. This makes it possible to optimize the electrical properties of the electrodes and the parameters of the surge arrester.
- the electrode cavity of the surge arrester has an undercut in which the second metallic material engages. This allows a very strong mechanical or a frictional connection of the two metallic materials, which also withstands high current forces, and a low resistance at the junction of the two metallic materials.
- a particularly low resistance of the electrodes of the surge arrester results when the second metallic material is produced on the basis of a copper paste or in particular based on a sinterable copper paste. This allows a cost-effective and safe production of the electrodes of the surge arrester.
- the copper paste is free of flux.
- the second metallic material is sintered in the electrode cavity. This allows a lot good electrical and mechanical connection of the two metallic materials.
- the first metallic material of the electrodes comprises an iron-nickel alloy. This is characterized by a high current carrying capacity.
- Particularly advantageous conditions for ignition of the surge arrester are achieved by the free end of one or each electrode contains an activation mass.
- This advantageously favorable starting conditions for the response or ignition of the surge arrester are possible. It is particularly advantageous if the surfaces of the free end of one or each of the electrodes have a waffle in which the activation mass is arranged. In a large-scale application of the activation mass to the particular copper-containing second metallic material discharging regularly starts particularly advantageous and safe in the range of the activation mass and thus in the copper-containing part of the electrodes.
- At least two electrodes are provided and gas-tightly connected to the ends of at least one insulator, the following steps being performed.
- An electrode cavity is made in the free end of each electrode, in particular by unscrewing the first metallic material of the electrode or by welding or soldering a ring onto an electrode base body.
- a metallic paste is filled in the electrode cavity thus formed and the Surface of the metallic paste structured.
- an activating mass is introduced into the structures of the surface of the metallic paste.
- the electrode is sintered. Subsequently, the sintered surface of the electrode is ground.
- a copper paste is introduced and sintered into an electrode cavity of an iron-nickel alloy electrode.
- a wafer structure in particular a waffle, is pressed into the sintered copper paste by means of a tool.
- the electrode activation mass is introduced into the wafer structure with a drop-paste. This is followed by a final sintering process.
- the surge arrester is cylindrical with an outer diameter of about 25 mm and a total length of 40 mm or about 23 formed without external connections.
- each electrode is designed to be assembled.
- the embodiment makes it possible to create by using different metals or alloys optimized Ableiter crab for the interior and at the same time very good soldering or To provide welding properties for the external terminals of the electrodes.
- the cavity or interior space contains on the inner wall of the insulating multiple ignition strips.
- the ignition strips extend into the discharge back space on both sides of the electrode gap.
- FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a surge arrester 1 in the (partial) cross section is shown.
- the surge arrester has two electrodes each composed of a plurality of parts 2a, 2b, 2c and 3a, 3b, 3c or soldered or welded.
- the flange 2b, 3b of each electrode closes by means of a VerInstitutlötung 4 a tubular insulating body 5 with a cavity 6 on both sides.
- the interior of the surge arrester thus formed is gas-tight and contains a gas entirely of neon with a small admixture of argon.
- the insulating body 5 is made of ceramic material.
- the outer terminal 2c, 3c of each electrode is formed as a threaded bolt or screw body.
- Each electrode 2, 3 comprises an iron-nickel alloy.
- Each inner electrode 2a, 3a is rod-shaped made of the iron-nickel alloy as the first metallic material and includes an electrode cavity 7 having an undercut 7a.
- a sintered copper paste 10 is arranged as the second metallic material, which enters into an intimate or non-positive mechanical as well as a good electrical connection with the first metallic material with the aid of the undercut 7a and a central blind hole 8.
- the undercut is provided so that the copper paste will not be pulled out when the surge arrester responds and the high currents and forces associated therewith in the electrode.
- the blind hole 8 supports this through the enlarged area between the first and the second metallic material.
- the distance of the end faces of the electrodes, d. H. the electrode spacing A at their free ends, is 0.5 mm.
- the insulating body 5 has on its inner wall a plurality of distributed over its circumference and arranged in the longitudinal direction of ignition 9. The ignition strips are electrically connected to none of the electrodes.
- FIG. 2 has the electrode 2 and 3 according to FIG. 1 described construction.
- a sintered copper paste 10 is disposed in the electrode cavity. After introducing a flux-free copper paste into the electrode cavity, the copper paste is sintered several times and ground on its surface.
- the copper paste 10 at the free end of the electrode forms a matrix for an activation mass 11, which is preferably embedded over a large area in a waffle structure of the surface.
- the wafer is applied by means of a tool after the first sintering of the copper paste.
- the sintered copper paste is pasted with the activation mass.
- the activation mass contains silicates and halides. Included materials are in particular nickel, titanium, barium aluminate, barium titanate, sodium, potassium and cesium silicate and cesium tungstate.
- the surge arrester has the following performance characteristics: Ansch Schweizerschreibprimarily Uag between 55 volts and 70 volts, An Maschinenmony Corporation uas less than 700 volts, pulse load capacity 100 kA at a standard current pulse of Waveform 8/20 ⁇ s and 50 kA at a standard current pulse of the waveform 10/350 ⁇ s.
- the internal failsafe feature allows the use of the surge arrester in a potentially explosive environment, because in the event of a fault, no sparking occurs outside the surge arrester.
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- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit niedriger Ansprechspannung sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.The invention relates to a surge arrester with low operating voltage and a method for its preparation.
Aus der Druckschrift
Im Inneren des Überspannungsableiter kommt es bei Überschreiten einer bestimmten Grenzspannung, der Zündspannung, zu einem Lichtbogenüberschlag zwischen zwei bzw. drei Elektroden. Die Grenzspannung wird bei statischer oder stationärer Beanspruchung mit einem Anstieg der Spannung von 100 V/s als Ansprechgleichspannung Uag und bei dynamischer Belastung mit einem Anstieg der Spannung von 1 kV/µs als Ansprechstoßspannung uas bezeichnet. Der Lichtbogen wird durch den speisenden Strom aufrecht erhalten, solange die elektrischen Bedingungen für den Lichtbogen gegeben sind.Inside the surge arrester, when a certain limit voltage, the ignition voltage, is exceeded, an arcing between two or three electrodes occurs. The threshold voltage is referred to as static or steady state stress with a rise of the voltage of 100 V / s as Ansprechgleichspannung Uag and dynamic load with an increase of the voltage of 1 kV / μs as Ansprechstoßspannung uas. The arc is maintained by the feeding current as long as the electrical conditions for the arc are met.
In der
Die
Die
Eine zu lösende Aufgabe besteht darin, einen Überspannungsableiter anzugeben, der eine niedrige Ansprechspannung aufweist, sowie ein Herstellverfahren dafür.An object to be solved is to provide a surge arrester having a low response voltage and a manufacturing method therefor.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Überspannungsableiter gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a surge arrester according to
Des weiteren wird die Aufgabe gemäß eines Verfahrens nach Anspruch 10 gelöst.Furthermore, the object is achieved according to a method according to
Der Überspannungsableiter weist einen Hohlraum auf, der durch wenigstens einen Isolierkörper gebildet ist. In den Hohlraum erstrecken sich von den Seiten zwei Elektroden, die mit ihren freien Enden zueinander orientiert sind und voneinander einen Abstand, den Elektrodenabstand, haben. Insbesondere haben die Elektroden dieselbe Längsachse. In Bereichen der freien Enden enthalten die Elektroden mehrere unterschiedliche metallische Materialien. In einer Ausführung ist jeweils ein metallisches Material in ein anderes metallisches Material eingebettet. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Einbettung in einen oder mehrere Elektrodenhohlräume. Insbesondere sind zwei oder drei metallische Materialien in den freien Endbereichen derart angeordnet, dass sie jeweils eine Oberfläche haben, die zur jeweils anderen Elektrode hin offen ist.The surge arrester has a cavity which is formed by at least one insulating body. In the cavity extending from the sides of two electrodes, which are oriented with their free ends to each other and from each other at a distance, the electrode spacing, have. In particular, the electrodes have the same longitudinal axis. In areas of the free ends, the electrodes contain several different metallic materials. In one embodiment, each metallic material is embedded in another metallic material. Preferably, the embedding takes place in one or more electrode cavities. Specifically, two or three metallic materials are arranged in the free end portions so as to have a surface open to the other electrode, respectively.
Der Isolierkörper besteht aus einem Stück oder, insbesondere dann, wenn eine Mittelelektrode im Bereich des Elektrodenabstands vorgesehen ist, aus zwei Stücken. Besonders vorteilhaft ist der wenigstens eine Isolierkörper aus Keramik geformt. Vorzugsweise ist der wenigstens eine Isolierkörper rohrförmig und insbesondere zylindrisch geformt. Die Elektroden sind vorzugsweise stabförmig ausgebildet.The insulating body consists of one piece or, in particular, if a center electrode is provided in the region of the electrode gap, of two pieces. Particularly advantageously, the at least one insulating body is formed of ceramic. Preferably, the at least one insulating body is tubular and in particular cylindrically shaped. The electrodes are preferably rod-shaped.
Die Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters sind an ihren jeweils nicht freien Enden mit jeweils einem Ende des wenigstens einen Isolierkörpers zu dem Überspannungsableiter verbunden. Dazu weisen die nicht freien Enden der Elektroden einen Flansch auf, der mit dem wenigstens einen Isolierkörper vorzugsweise gasdicht verbunden ist. Als Gas in dem Überspannungsableiter kommt bevorzugt Neon mit einer Beimischung von Argon zum Einsatz. An den vom Isolierkörper abgewandten Seiten weist jeder Flansch einen Anschluss, insbesondere mit Schraubgewinde, auf, mit dem der Überspannungsableiter bzw. dessen Elektroden elektrisch kontaktiert werden können.The electrodes of the surge arrester are connected at their respective non-free ends to one end of the at least one insulating body to the surge arrester. For this purpose, the non-free ends of the electrodes have a flange, which is connected in a gas-tight manner to the at least one insulating body. The gas used in the surge arrester is preferably neon with an admixture of argon. At the sides facing away from the insulating body, each flange has a connection, in particular with screw thread on, with which the surge arrester or its electrodes can be electrically contacted.
Der Überspannungsableiter ist für folgende Eigenschaften bzw. Aufgaben eingerichtet. Die Ansprechgleichspannung liegt zwischen 55 Volt und 70 Volt, und die Ansprechstoßspannung ist geringer als 700 Volt. Die Impulsbelastbarkeit bei einer Strombelastung beträgt 100 kA (Kiloampere) bei einer Normstoßwellenform 8µs/20µs, d.h. bei einer Anstiegszeit von 8 µs und einer Rückenhalbwertszeit von 20 µs. Bei einer Stoßwellenform 10µs/350µs, d.h. einer Anstiegszeit von 10 µs und einer Rückenhalbwertszeit von 350 µs, beträgt die Impulsbelastbarkeit 50 kA. Weiterhin ermöglicht der Überspannungsableiter ein sicheres Ansprechen im Fehlerfall (failsafe) entsprechend einer Stromstärke-Zeit-Charakteristik. Durch den failsafe innerhalb des Überspannungsableiters ist dieser für den Einsatz in einer explosionsgefährdeten Umgebung geeignet, da außerhalb des Überspannungsableiters auch bei einem Überschlag zwischen den inneren Elektroden keine Funkenbildung auftritt.The surge arrester is designed for the following properties or tasks. The DC response voltage is between 55 volts and 70 volts, and the threshold surge voltage is less than 700 volts. The pulse load capacity at a current load is 100 kA (kilo-ampere) with a standard surge waveform 8μs / 20μs, i. with a rise time of 8 μs and a back half-life of 20 μs. For a burst waveform 10μs / 350μs, i. a rise time of 10 μs and a back half-life of 350 μs, the pulse load capacity is 50 kA. Furthermore, the surge arrester allows a safe response in case of failure (failsafe) according to a current-time characteristic. Due to the failsafe inside the surge arrester, it is suitable for use in a potentially explosive environment, since there is no sparking outside the surge arrester, even in the event of a flashover between the internal electrodes.
Der Überspannungsableiter ermöglicht erstmalig die Erfüllung der vorgenannten extremen Aufgaben. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Überspannurigsableiter als ein einzelnes Bauelement in Bereichen einzusetzen, in denen bisher aufwändigere Schutzmaßnahmen getroffen werden mussten oder in denen ein derartiger Schutz nicht möglich war.The surge arrester for the first time enables the fulfillment of the aforementioned extreme tasks. This makes it possible to use the Überspannurigsableiter as a single component in areas where previously more expensive protective measures had to be taken or in which such protection was not possible.
Bei dem Überspannungsableiter enthält jede der Elektroden ein erstes metallisches Material und ein zweites metallisches Material in einem sich von dem freien Ende in die Elektrode erstreckenden Elektrodenhohlraum des ersten metallischen Materials. Dadurch wird es möglich, die beiden metallischen Materialien auf die vorgegeben Ansprechspannungen und die Stromimpulsbelastung hin auszuwählen und einzurichten.In the surge arrester, each of the electrodes includes a first metallic material and a second metallic material in an electrode cavity of the first metallic electrode extending from the free end into the electrode Material. This makes it possible to select and set up the two metallic materials to the predetermined threshold voltages and the current pulse load.
Im Hinblick auf die failsafe-Eigenschaften des Überspannungsableiters weisen die beiden metallischen Materialien unterschiedliche Schmelzpunkte auf. Dies gewährleistet je nach Lage de Fußpunktes einer elektrischen Entladung, dass die Strom-Zeit-Charakteristik des inneren failsafe zwischen den Elektroden eingehalten wird. Das zweite metallische Material schmilzt bei geringerer Dauerbelastung eher als das weiter außen angeordnete erste metallische Material. Bei höheren Strömen wandert der Fußpunkt der Dauerentladung hin zu dem ersten metallischen Material und schmilzt dieses auf.With regard to the failsafe properties of the surge arrester, the two metallic materials have different melting points. This ensures, depending on the location of the base point of an electrical discharge, that the current-time characteristic of the inner failsafe between the electrodes is maintained. The second metallic material melts at lower sustained load rather than the more outwardly disposed first metallic material. At higher currents, the base point of the sustain discharge migrates towards the first metallic material and melts it.
Die Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Schmelzpunkten ermöglichen bei unterschiedlichen Stromstärken und ausreichend hohen Temperaturen einen inneren Kurzschluss durch ein Schmelzen und nachfolgendes Verschweißen der Elektroden. Bevorzugt überbrücken die aufgeschmolzenen Materialien beider Elektroden den in der Ausgangsposition gegebenen Elektrodenabstand des Überspannungsableiters und verschweißen zu einem metallischen Kurzschluss beider Elektroden.The materials with different melting points allow for different current strengths and sufficiently high temperatures an internal short circuit by melting and subsequent welding of the electrodes. The molten materials of both electrodes preferably bridge the electrode spacing of the surge arrester given in the starting position and weld to a metallic short circuit of the two electrodes.
In vorteilhafter Weise haben die Elektroden dieselbe Längsachse und die Schmelzpunkte der unterschiedlichen metallischen Materialien nehmen von der Längsachse in radialer Richtung zu.Advantageously, the electrodes have the same longitudinal axis and the melting points of the different metallic materials increase from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction.
Der Überspannungsableiter ist bevorzugt derart eingerichtet, dass im Fall seines Ansprechens eine Entladung an zwei gegenüberliegenden Bereichen des zweiten metallischen Materials der Elektroden startet. Bei Fortschreiten der Entladung umfasst diese auch das erste metallische Material, das bevorzugt im Hinblick auf eine höhere Stromtragfähigkeit ausgelegt ist als das erste metallische Material.The surge arrester is preferably arranged such that in the case of its response, a discharge at two opposite regions of the second metallic material of the electrodes starts. As the discharge progresses, it also comprises the first metallic material, which is preferably designed with regard to a higher current carrying capacity than the first metallic material.
Vorteilhaft ist der Elektrodenhohlraum einer Elektrode des Überspannungsableiters so geformt, dass das zweite metallische Material niederohmig und mechanisch fest mit dem ersten metallischen Material verbunden ist. Dies ermöglicht es, die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Elektroden und die Parameter des Überspannungsableiters zu optimieren.Advantageously, the electrode cavity of an electrode of the surge arrester is shaped so that the second metallic material is low-resistance and mechanically firmly connected to the first metallic material. This makes it possible to optimize the electrical properties of the electrodes and the parameters of the surge arrester.
Besondere vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Elektrodenhohlraum des Überspannungsableiters eine Hinterschneidung aufweist, in die das zweite metallische Material eingreift. Dies ermöglicht eine sehr feste mechanische bzw. eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung der beiden metallischen Materialien, die auch hohen Stromkräften standhält, und einen niedrigen Widerstand an dem Übergang der beiden metallischen Materialien.It is particularly advantageous if the electrode cavity of the surge arrester has an undercut in which the second metallic material engages. This allows a very strong mechanical or a frictional connection of the two metallic materials, which also withstands high current forces, and a low resistance at the junction of the two metallic materials.
Ein besonders niedriger Widerstand der Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters ergibt sich, wenn das zweite metallische Material auf Basis einer Kupferpaste bzw. insbesondere auf Basis einer sinterfähigen Kupferpaste hergestellt ist. Dies ermöglicht eine kostengünstige und sichere Herstellung der Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Kupferpaste flussmittelfrei.A particularly low resistance of the electrodes of the surge arrester results when the second metallic material is produced on the basis of a copper paste or in particular based on a sinterable copper paste. This allows a cost-effective and safe production of the electrodes of the surge arrester. Particularly preferably, the copper paste is free of flux.
In vorteilhafter Weise ist das zweite metallische Material in dem Elektrodenhohlraum gesintert. Dies ermöglicht eine sehr gute elektrische und mechanische Verbindung der beiden metallischen Materialien.Advantageously, the second metallic material is sintered in the electrode cavity. This allows a lot good electrical and mechanical connection of the two metallic materials.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung weist das erste metallische Material der Elektroden eine Eisen-Nickel-Legierung auf. Diese zeichnet sich durch eine große Stromtragfähigkeit aus.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first metallic material of the electrodes comprises an iron-nickel alloy. This is characterized by a high current carrying capacity.
Besonders vorteilhafte Bedingungen für eine Zündung des Überspannungsableiters werden erreicht, indem das freie Ende einer bzw. jeder Elektrode eine Aktivierungsmasse enthält. Dadurch werden vorteilhaft günstige Startbedingungen für das Ansprechen bzw. Zünden des Überspannungsableiters möglich. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Oberflächen des freien Endes einer bzw. jeder der Elektroden eine Waffelung aufweisen, in der die Aktivierungsmasse angeordnet ist. Bei eine großflächigen Auftrag der Aktivierungsmasse auf das insbesondere Kupfer enthaltende zweite metallische Material startet eine Entladung regelmäßig besonders vorteilhaft und sicher im Bereich der Aktivierungsmasse und damit im Kupfer enthaltenden Teil der Elektroden.Particularly advantageous conditions for ignition of the surge arrester are achieved by the free end of one or each electrode contains an activation mass. This advantageously favorable starting conditions for the response or ignition of the surge arrester are possible. It is particularly advantageous if the surfaces of the free end of one or each of the electrodes have a waffle in which the activation mass is arranged. In a large-scale application of the activation mass to the particular copper-containing second metallic material discharging regularly starts particularly advantageous and safe in the range of the activation mass and thus in the copper-containing part of the electrodes.
Bei dem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Überspannungsableiters werden wenigstens zwei Elektroden bereit gestellt und mit den Enden wenigstens eines Isolierkörpers gasdicht verbunden, wobei die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden. Es wird ein Elektrodenhohlraum in dem freien Ende jeder Elektrode hergestellt, insbesondere durch Ausdrehen bzw. Hinterschneiden des ersten metallischen Materials der Elektrode oder durch Aufschweißen bzw. Löten eines Rings auf einen Elektrodengrundkörper. Dann wird eine metallische Paste in den so gebildeten Elektrodenhohlraum eingefüllt und die Oberfläche der metallischen Paste strukturiert. Dann wird in die Strukturen der Oberfläche der metallischen Paste eine Aktivierungsmasse eingebracht. Nach mindestens einem der Schritte, beginnend mit dem Einfüllen der metallischen Paste, wird die Elektrode gesintert. Anschließend wird die gesinterte Oberfläche der Elektrode geschliffen. Nach dem Herstellen zweier derartiger Elektroden, die zudem einen Flansch und einen äußeren Anschluss aufweisen, werden diese in den Hohlraum eingebracht und mit ihrem Flansch mit dem wenigstens einen Isolierkörper gasdicht so verbunden, dass der Elektrodenabstand im Hohlraum sehr gering, insbesondere geringer als 1 mm bzw. bevorzugt 0,5 mm ist.In the method for producing a surge arrester, at least two electrodes are provided and gas-tightly connected to the ends of at least one insulator, the following steps being performed. An electrode cavity is made in the free end of each electrode, in particular by unscrewing the first metallic material of the electrode or by welding or soldering a ring onto an electrode base body. Then, a metallic paste is filled in the electrode cavity thus formed and the Surface of the metallic paste structured. Then, an activating mass is introduced into the structures of the surface of the metallic paste. After at least one of the steps, starting with the filling of the metallic paste, the electrode is sintered. Subsequently, the sintered surface of the electrode is ground. After producing two such electrodes, which also have a flange and an outer terminal, they are introduced into the cavity and connected in a gastight manner with its flange to the at least one insulating body so that the electrode spacing in the cavity very low, in particular less than 1 mm or is preferably 0.5 mm.
Bevorzugt wird in einen Elektrodenhohlraum einer Elektrode aus einer Eisen-Nickel-Legierung eine Kupferpaste eingebracht und gesintert. Nach dem Sinterprozess wird mittels eines Werkzeugs eine Waferstruktur, insbesondere eine Waffelung, in die gesinterte Kupferpaste gepresst. Nach dem Schleifen der Oberfläche der gesinterten Kupferpaste und einer erneuten Sinterung wird die Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse mit einer Tropfenbepastung in die Waffelstruktur eingebracht. Danach erfolgt ein abschließender Sinterprozess.Preferably, a copper paste is introduced and sintered into an electrode cavity of an iron-nickel alloy electrode. After the sintering process, a wafer structure, in particular a waffle, is pressed into the sintered copper paste by means of a tool. After grinding the surface of the sintered copper paste and re-sintering, the electrode activation mass is introduced into the wafer structure with a drop-paste. This is followed by a final sintering process.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist der Überspannungsableiter zylindrisch mit einem Außendurchmesser von etwa 25 mm und einer Gesamtlänge von 40 mm bzw. etwa 23 ohne Außenanschlüsse ausgebildet.Particularly advantageously, the surge arrester is cylindrical with an outer diameter of about 25 mm and a total length of 40 mm or about 23 formed without external connections.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist jede Elektrode zusammengesetzt ausgeführt. Die Ausführungsform ermöglicht es, durch Verwendung unterschiedlicher Metalle bzw. Legierungen optimierte Ableiterbedingungen für den Innenraum zu schaffen und gleichzeitig sehr gute Löt- oder Schweißeigenschaften für die externen Anschlüsse der Elektroden zu bieten.In an advantageous embodiment, each electrode is designed to be assembled. The embodiment makes it possible to create by using different metals or alloys optimized Ableiterbedingungen for the interior and at the same time very good soldering or To provide welding properties for the external terminals of the electrodes.
Es erweist sich als vorteilhaft, für das erste metallische Material und den Flansch jeder Elektroden eine Eisen-Nickel-Legierung vorzusehen, insbesondere Fe58Ni42. Dadurch lassen sich optimale Eigenschaften im inneren Hohlraum und bei der Verschlusslötung des Überspannungsableiters erreichen.It proves to be advantageous to provide an iron-nickel alloy for the first metallic material and the flange of each electrode, in particular Fe 58 Ni 42 . As a result, optimum properties in the inner cavity and the Verschlusslötung the surge arrester can be achieved.
Zur Unterstützung des Aufbaus einer Entladung beim Ansprechen des Überspannungsableiters erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, wenn der Hohlraum bzw. Innenraum an der Innenwand des Isolierkörpers mehrere Zündstriche enthält. Die Zündstriche erstrecken sich bis in den Entladungshinterraum beidseits des Elektrodenabstands.To support the construction of a discharge when responding to the surge arrester, it proves to be advantageous if the cavity or interior space contains on the inner wall of the insulating multiple ignition strips. The ignition strips extend into the discharge back space on both sides of the electrode gap.
Der Überspannungsableiter wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und den dazugehörigen Figuren näher erläutert.The surge arrester is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the associated figures.
Die nachfolgend beschriebenen Zeichnungen sind nicht als maßstabsgetreu aufzufassen. Vielmehr können zur besseren Darstellung einzelne Dimensionen vergrößert, verkleinert oder auch verzerrt dargestellt sein.The drawings described below are not to be considered as true to scale. Rather, for better representation, individual dimensions can be enlarged, reduced or distorted.
Gleiche Elemente oder Elemente mit gleichen Funktionen sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.
Figur 1- zeigt eine Skizze eines Überspannungsableiters im Teilquerschnitt,
Figur 2- zeigt eine Elektrode eines Überspannungsableiters mit Flansch und Außenanschluss und
- Figur 3
- zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Strom-Zeit-Charakteristik eines Überspannungsableiters.
- FIG. 1
- shows a sketch of a surge arrester in the partial cross section,
- FIG. 2
- shows an electrode of a surge arrester with flange and external connection and
- FIG. 3
- shows a schematic representation of the current-time characteristic of a surge arrester.
In der
Jede Elektrode 2, 3 weist eine Eisen-Nickel-Legierung auf. Jede innere Elektrode 2a, 3a ist stabförmig aus der Eisen-Nickel-Legierung als erstem metallischen Material hergestellt und enthält einen Elektrodenhohlraum 7 mit einer Hinterschneidung 7a. In dem Elektrodenhohlraum 7 ist als zweites metallisches Material eine gesinterte Kupferpaste 10 angeordnet, die mit Hilfe der Hinterschneidung 7a und eines zentralen Sacklochs 8 sowohl eine innige bzw. kraftschlüssige mechanische als auch eine gute elektrische Verbindung mit dem ersten metallischen Material eingeht. Die Hinterschneidung ist vorgesehen, damit die Kupferpaste bei einem Ansprechen des Überspannungsableiters und den damit verbundenen hohen Strömen und Kräften in der Elektrode bleibt nicht herausgezogen wird. Das Sackloch 8 unterstützt dies durch die vergrößerte Fläche zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten metallischen Material.Each
Der Abstand der Stirnseiten der Elektroden, d. h. der Elektrodenabstand A an ihren freien Enden, beträgt 0,5 mm. Der Isolierkörper 5 weist an seiner Innenwand mehrere über seinen Umfang verteilte und in Längsrichtung angeordnete Zündstriche 9 auf. Die Zündstriche sind mit keiner der Elektroden elektrisch verbunden.The distance of the end faces of the electrodes, d. H. the electrode spacing A at their free ends, is 0.5 mm. The insulating
Gemäß
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung ist die gesinterte Kupferpaste mit der Aktivierungsmasse bepastet. Die Aktivierungsmasse enthält Silikate und Halogenide. Enthaltene Materialien sind insbesondere Nickel, Titan, Bariumaluminat, Bariumtitanat, Natrium-, Kalium- und Cäsiumsilikat sowie Cäsiumwolframat.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the sintered copper paste is pasted with the activation mass. The activation mass contains silicates and halides. Included materials are in particular nickel, titanium, barium aluminate, barium titanate, sodium, potassium and cesium silicate and cesium tungstate.
Der Überspannungsableiter gemäß den Figuren weist folgende Leistungsmerkmale auf: Ansprechgleichspannung Uag zwischen 55 Volt und 70 Volt, Ansprechstoßspannung uas kleiner 700 Volt, Impulsbelastbarkeit 100 kA bei einem Normstromimpuls der Wellenform 8/20 µs und 50 kA bei einem Normstromimpuls der Wellenform 10/350 µs.The surge arrester according to the figures has the following performance characteristics: Ansprechgleichspannung Uag between 55 volts and 70 volts, Ansprechstoßspannung uas less than 700 volts, pulse load capacity 100 kA at a standard current pulse of
Durch Aufschmelzen der Kupferpaste bzw. der Eisen-Nickel-Legierung entsprechend einer Strom-Zeit-Charakteristik gemäß
- 11
- ÜberspannungsableiterSurge arresters
- 2, 32, 3
- Elektrodeelectrode
- 2a, 3a2a, 3a
- (innere) Elektrode(inner) electrode
- 2b, 3b2b, 3b
- Flanschflange
- 2c, 3c2c, 3c
- Außenanschluss der ElektrodeExternal connection of the electrode
- 44
- VerschlusslötungVerschlusslötung
- 55
- Isolierkörperinsulator
- 66
- Hohlraum des IsolierkörpersCavity of the insulating body
- 77
- Elektrodenhohlraumelectrode cavity
- 7a7a
- Hinterschneidung des ElektrodenhohlraumsUndercut of the electrode cavity
- 88th
- Sacklochblind
- 99
- Zündstrichignition strip
- 1010
- Kupferpaste gesintertSintered copper paste
- 1111
- Aktivierungsmasseactivating compound
- AA
- Elektrodenabstandelectrode distance
Claims (11)
- Surge arrester, comprising a cavity (6) formed by at least one insulating body (5), and comprising at least two electrodes (2, 3),
which extend into the cavity,
which are oriented toward one another with their free ends and have an electrode spacing (A) between one another,
and which contain a plurality of different metallic materials (2a, 10; 3a, 10) in regions of the free ends, wherein each of the electrodes comprises a first metallic material (2a, 3a), and a second metallic material (10) is arranged in an electrode cavity (7) of the first metallic material, said electrode cavity extending into the electrode from the free end, characterized in that the free end of the electrode additionally comprises an activation compound (11) on the second metallic material (10), and in that the first and second metallic materials (2a, 10; 3a, 10) have different melting points, wherein that of the second metallic material (10) is lower, and wherein, in the case of melted materials (2a, 10; 3a, 10) of both electrodes (2, 3), the electrodes (2, 3) are welded to form a metallic short circuit of both electrodes (2, 3). - Surge arrester according to Claim 1, wherein the electrode cavity is shaped in such a way that the second metallic material is connected to the first metallic material with low impedance and in a mechanically fixed manner.
- Surge arrester according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrode cavity has an undercut (7a), into which the second metallic material engages.
- Surge arrester according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second metallic material is produced on the basis of a copper paste.
- Surge arrester according to any of Claims 1 to 4,
wherein the second metallic material is sintered in the cavity. - Surge arrester according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first metallic material of the electrodes comprises an iron-nickel alloy.
- Surge arrester according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the surfaces of the free end of the electrode have a honeycomb structure, in which the activation compound is arranged.
- Surge arrester according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a cylindrical arrangement, in which the electrodes have the same longitudinal axis and the melting points of the different metallic materials increase from the longitudinal axis in a radial direction.
- Surge arrester according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electrodes have a respective flange (2b, 3b) at their non-free ends, by which flange said electrodes are connected to a respective end of the insulating body in a gas-tight manner.
- Method for producing a surge arrester according to any of Claims 1 to 9, wherein at least two electrodes are provided and are connected to the ends of at least one insulating body in a gas-tight manner, characterized by the following steps:a) producing an electrode cavity (7) in the free end of each electrode (2, 3),b) filling a metallic paste (10) into the electrode cavity,c) structuring the surface of the metallic paste,d) introducing an activation compound (11) into the structures of the surface of the metallic paste,e) sintering the electrode after at least one of steps b) to d).
- Method according to Claim 10, wherein the surface of the metallic paste (10) is ground after each sintering step.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011014582A DE102011014582A1 (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2011-03-21 | Surge arrester with low response voltage and method for its preparation |
PCT/EP2012/055011 WO2012126952A1 (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2012-03-21 | Surge arrester with a low response voltage, and method for producing same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2689502A1 EP2689502A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
EP2689502B1 true EP2689502B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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EP20120712619 Active EP2689502B1 (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2012-03-21 | Surge arrester with a low response voltage, and method for producing same |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US9190811B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2689502B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5707533B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103430407B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011014582A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012126952A1 (en) |
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JP6657746B2 (en) | 2015-10-09 | 2020-03-04 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Discharge tube |
DE102017115035A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2019-01-10 | Tdk Electronics Ag | arrester |
CN114765085A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-07-19 | 国巨电子(中国)有限公司 | Igniter resistor and method of making same |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1582128A (en) | 1968-06-18 | 1969-09-26 | ||
DE1950090C3 (en) * | 1969-10-03 | 1979-09-27 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen | Gas discharge tube |
US3989973A (en) * | 1971-01-02 | 1976-11-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cold-cathode gas-discharge device |
DE2639816A1 (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-03-16 | Siemens Ag | Gas discharge surge arrester in button housing - using electrodes coated with paste contg. a semiconducting cpd. |
DE2834088A1 (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1980-02-14 | Siemens Ag | GAS DISCHARGE PIPES, IN PARTICULAR SURGE PROTECTORS |
JPS5824989U (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-17 | 株式会社白山製作所 | gas-filled discharge tube |
JPS58204483A (en) | 1982-05-25 | 1983-11-29 | 株式会社 水戸テツク | Arresting tube |
JPS62112880A (en) | 1985-11-12 | 1987-05-23 | トステム株式会社 | Novel window frame fixture in remodeling of window |
JPH0226150Y2 (en) * | 1985-12-28 | 1990-07-17 | ||
US4837050A (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1989-06-06 | Asahi Chemical Research Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Method for producing electrically conductive circuits on a base board |
DE69833427T2 (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2006-09-28 | Tdk Corp. | NON-DISTRESSING CERAMIC DIELEKTRIUM |
DE19741658A1 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-18 | Siemens Ag | Gas-filled discharge gap e.g. spark gap or surge diverter |
JP2000188169A (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2000-07-04 | Tokin Corp | Surge absorbing element |
DE10159260A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-18 | Epcos Ag | Electrode and electrical component with the electrode |
JP4161696B2 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2008-10-08 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Chip-type surge absorber and manufacturing method thereof |
JP4651434B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2011-03-16 | 岡谷電機産業株式会社 | Discharge tube |
CN100463326C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2009-02-18 | 西安交通大学 | Concave, convex shaped or biconcave groove electrode overvoltage protection device under vacuum environment |
CN101297452A (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2008-10-29 | 力特保险丝有限公司 | Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore |
DE102007063316A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Epcos Ag | Surge arrester with low response voltage |
-
2011
- 2011-03-21 DE DE102011014582A patent/DE102011014582A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-03-21 WO PCT/EP2012/055011 patent/WO2012126952A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-21 EP EP20120712619 patent/EP2689502B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-21 US US14/006,262 patent/US9190811B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-21 JP JP2014500374A patent/JP5707533B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP2689502A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
JP5707533B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
US20140063675A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
CN103430407A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
DE102011014582A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
CN103430407B (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US9190811B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
WO2012126952A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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