EP2633039A1 - Enzymhaltige miniemulsionen - Google Patents
Enzymhaltige miniemulsionenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2633039A1 EP2633039A1 EP11776767.3A EP11776767A EP2633039A1 EP 2633039 A1 EP2633039 A1 EP 2633039A1 EP 11776767 A EP11776767 A EP 11776767A EP 2633039 A1 EP2633039 A1 EP 2633039A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lipase
- miniemulsion
- reactant
- acid
- carboxylic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12N9/18—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12N9/18—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
- C12N9/20—Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P11/00—Preparation of sulfur-containing organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/001—Amines; Imines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/02—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/66—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing the quinoid structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to miniemulsions comprising at least one hydrolase.
- miniemulsions according to the invention can be used as a reaction system for the preparation of various substances
- Oxidation products such as for the production of C 6 .
- 60 percarboxylic acids, epoxides and / or lactones can be used.
- Carboxylic acid esters in miniemulsions using lipases (Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 2434-2444), wherein linear C 7-12 carboxylic acids are reacted with phenyl group-carrying primary alcohols.
- the aim of the present invention was therefore to provide new production processes and / or new
- a first object of the present invention is a miniemulsion comprising
- miniemulsion is understood to mean an emulsion comprising a continuous, aqueous phase in which a further phase is distributed in the form of droplets (dispersed phase), wherein the volume-average droplet diameter of the dispersed phase is preferably 1 nm to 1000 nm, particularly preferably 30 nm to 800 nm, and very particularly preferably 100 to 600 nm.
- volume-average droplet diameter in the context of the present invention always refers to the D 50 value of the volume-average droplet diameter, which is determined by means of dynamic light scattering, preferably using a Submicron Particle Sizer NICOMP 380 from PSS NICOMP, USA.
- a Submicron Particle Sizer NICOMP 380 the corresponding measurement is carried out at a temperature of 23 ° C using a laser with a wavelength of 635 nm at a scattering angle of 90 °, the miniemulsion invention before performing the measurement by means of deionized water as far as diluted, that no concentration effects or multiple scattering occur.
- the volume-average droplet diameter (D 50 ) is the value of the integral volume distribution at which 50% by volume of the dispersed phase has a smaller diameter than the diameter corresponding to the D 50 value.
- the miniemulsion of the present invention can be prepared by the application of high shear forces, for example by means of ultrasound, and is usually kinetically stable.
- the stability can be additionally increased by adding one or more surface-active substance (s) and / or hydrophobic substance (s) to the miniemulsion according to the invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of C 6 -6o percarboxylic acids by subjecting the miniemulsion according to the invention to a temperature of 5 to 95 ° C for at least one minute.
- the dispersed phase of the miniemulsion according to the invention additionally comprises at least one reactant.
- a reactant is understood as meaning a compound which has a C 6 .
- 60 Percarbon Textren can be implemented, so that preferably at least 5 mol%, more preferably at least 10 mol% and most preferably at least 20 mol% of all molecules of the reactant after 10 h aul learn a different chemical structure than before the reaction.
- a reactant that is to say a compound which can be reacted with a C 6 -60 percarboxylic acid
- a reactant is preferably a compound which is distinguished by the fact that in the reaction of a 1 molar solution of said compound in chloroform 30 ° C with an equimolar amount of C 6 .
- 60 percarboxylic acids at least 5 mol%, more preferably at least 10 mol% and most preferably at least 20 mol% of all molecules of the reactant after 10 h aul learn a different chemical structure than before the reaction.
- a miniemulsion of the present invention can be used in particular for selective, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly
- Another object of the present invention is therefore a process for the preparation of a
- Oxidation product of a reactant comprising the following steps:
- step b) adding at least one reactant to produce a miniemulsion according to the invention, whose dispersed phase additionally contains at least one reactant; c) oxidation of the reactant by the miniemulsion from step b) for at least one
- Suitable reactants are, for example, alkenes and / or cyclic ketones, which are replaced by the
- the miniemulsion of the present invention is thus a suitable reaction system for the selective, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly production of oxidation products of one or more reactants, said reaction system being able to be used in particular for the preparation of epoxides and / or lactones ,
- An additional subject of the present invention is a process for the preparation of the miniemulsion according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
- the miniemulsion of the present invention may preferably contain at least one other component selected from surfactants or hydrophobic substances (hydrophobic).
- the miniemulsion according to the invention contains at least one hydrophobic substance (hydrophobic) and at least one surfactant.
- the miniemulsion according to the invention may also contain mixtures of different hydrophobic substances and / or mixtures of different surfactants.
- Hydrophobic substances or hydrophobes have extremely low water solubility and are therefore usually part of the dispersed phase.
- the hydrophobicity inhibits or suppresses the mass transfer between the various dispersed phase droplets and thus reduces or completely prevents the unwanted Ostwald ripening of the dispersed phase droplets leading to an increase in droplet size.
- hydrophobic substances are selected from hydrocarbons which contain 10 to 100 C atoms, preferably 10 to 40 C atoms.
- Suitable hydrophobes include hexadecane, octadecane, eicosane, pentacosane, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, octacosan-1-ol, myristyl alcohol, 2-methylhexadecan-1-ol, long chain esters, oils such as vegetable oils, e.g. Olive oil, fatty acid alkyl esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g.
- Fluorohydrocarbons silanes, organosilanes, siloxanes, capped isocyanates, alkyl methacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or trimethacrylate, as well as hydrophobic oligomeric polymerization, polycondensation and / or polyaddition products.
- the content of hydrophobic substance (hydrophobe) in the miniemulsion according to the invention is preferably 0.05 to 7.5% by weight; preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-% and in particular 0.1 to 1, 5 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of miniemulsion.
- the droplet size of the dispersed phase in the stated ranges can easily be adjusted by the type and concentration of the surfactants used.
- ionic surfactants such as, for example, anionic or cationic surfactants
- nonionic surfactants may be used as surfactants, since these only slightly influence the activity of the hydrolase used.
- cationic surfactants suitable according to the invention are those compounds which are selected, in particular, from quaternary ammonium compounds, such as dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride, StepantexVL 90 (Stepan), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, Dehyquart A (cetrimonium chloride or CTMA-CI, BASF SE) or Dehyquart LDB 50 (lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; SE), esterquats, in particular quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts and / or salts of long-chain primary amines of quaternary ammonium compounds.
- quaternary ammonium compounds such as dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride, StepantexVL 90 (Stepan), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, Dehyquart A (cetrimonium chloride or CTMA-CI, BASF SE) or Dehyquart LDB 50 (lauryldimethyl
- anionic surfactants which are suitable according to the invention are those compounds which are in particular selected from soaps, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin-sulfonates,
- ether Monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts;
- Fatty acid isothionates fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acyl amino acids such as acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucoside sulfates, protein fatty acid condensates, especially wheat-based vegetable products and / or alkyl (ether) phosphates.
- N-acyl amino acids such as acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates
- alkyl oligoglucoside sulfates protein fatty acid condensates
- protein fatty acid condensates especially wheat-based vegetable products and / or alkyl (ether) phosphates.
- nonionic surfactants are used. Suitable nonionic surfactants are in particular selected from low molecular weight, nonpolymeric, nonionic surfactants, such as alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty amines and fatty acid amides; alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers and mixed formals; optionally partially oxidized alk (en) yloligoglycosides,
- nonionic surfactants can be prepared from polymeric nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters,
- Fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers Fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, polyol fatty acid esters and / or polysorbates.
- Fatty alcohols for example Lutensol AT50, Lutensol AT 25, Lutensol AT 80 from BASF SE, and also ethylated lauryl alcohols, myristyl alcohols, cetyl alcohols, stearyl alcohols, arachidyl alcohols,
- the content of surfactant in the miniemulsion according to the invention is preferably from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 10% by weight and in particular from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based in each case on the
- the miniemulsion according to the invention necessarily comprises at least one hydrolase or a mixture of different hydrolases.
- a hydrolase is to be understood in particular as those enzymes which are assigned to the EC class 3.x.x.x.
- the hydrolase causes the in the inventive
- miniemulsion accelerated reaction reaction and their energy consumption is reduced, so that the miniemulsion according to the invention effectively as a reaction system for the production of C 6 -6o percarboxylic acids or, in the event that the disperse phase additionally comprises at least one reactant, for the preparation of the corresponding oxidation products the reactants, such as epoxides and / or lactones can be used.
- the reactants such as epoxides and / or lactones can be used.
- the hydrolase is preferably selected from esterases [EC 3.1.X.X.] and in particular from carboxyl ester hydrolases [EC 3.1 .1.x], since these allow a particularly effective reaction reaction in the miniemulsion according to the invention.
- the efficiency of the reaction reaction can be further increased if a lipase [EC 3.1 .1 .3] is used as the hydrolase, the lipase being particularly preferably
- the lipase is a separate lipase of the microorganism. It is therefore a lipase of the microorganism which it expresses in its wild-type form and / or for which the genetic information is present in its genome, without genetic engineering modification. Among naturally occurring lipases are therefore
- naturally occurring lipases may preferably be selected from: Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase, Pseudomonas cepacia PS, PS from Pseudomonas, Lipase RS from Rhizopus sp., Lipase PF from Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lipase PC from Penicillium camenbertii, Lipase P1 from Pseudomonas cepacia, lipase AN from Aspergillus niger, lipase A from Achmmobacter sp., Lipase AS1 from Alcaligenes sp., Lipase AS2 Alcaligenes sp, lipase C2 from Candida cylindracea, lipase C from Candida cylindracea, lipase lipozyme TL IM, lipase lipozyme TL 100L, Candida antarc
- Lipase PS from Pseudomonas cepacia and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) are very particularly preferred since, in the case of the presence of a reactant in the miniemulsion according to the invention, these allow a particularly effective preparation of the oxidation product of the particular reactant.
- epoxides can be prepared from alkenes (as reactants) in high yields with the aid of the abovementioned lipases, with only a small amount of diol being undesired
- Oxidation sequence product can be obtained.
- Suitable support materials may in particular be selected from polymeric materials, such as poly (meth) acrylates, crosslinkable
- Resin prepolymers membranes, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, silicones, sol-gel products and / or phyllosilicates.
- Other suitable resin prepolymers membranes, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, silicones, sol-gel products and / or phyllosilicates.
- Support materials are, for example, acrylic glass, alginate, celite, cellulose, duolites, decylchloroacetate emulsions, silanized glasses, glass wool and / or kieselguhr.
- a suitable commercially available immobilized lipase is, for example, the acrylic resin-immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) marketed by Novozymes under the trade name Novozym 435 and also the lipases Candida antarctica Lipase A (CALA) and Candida Rugosa lipase immobilized on acrylic resins (CRL), each marketed by Chiral Vision under the trade name Immozymes.
- CAB acrylic resin-immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B
- CAL Candida Rugosa lipase immobilized on acrylic resins
- the amounts of the hydrolase or lipase specified below refer to the total amount of enzyme and
- the content of hydrolase in the miniemulsion according to the invention 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.03 to 3 wt .-% and in particular 0.05 to 1, 5 wt .-%, each based on the total amount the miniemulsion.
- the miniemulsion according to the invention comprises at least one reactant
- the proportion of the hydrolase based on the total amount of reactant, 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.75 to 15 parts by weight. %, more preferably 1 to 9 wt .-% and most preferably 2 to 7.5 wt .-% is.
- the miniemulsion according to the invention contains at least one alkene as reactants, it is particularly advantageous for the hydrolase to be selected from lipases and the proportion of the lipase, based on the total amount of alkene, to 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.75 to 15 Wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 9 wt .-% and most preferably 2 to 7.5 wt .-% is.
- the hydrolase is particularly advantageous for the hydrolase to be selected from lipases and the proportion of the lipase, based on the total amount of alkene, to 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.75 to 15 Wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 9 wt .-% and most preferably 2 to 7.5 wt .-% is.
- the hydrolase is selected from lipases and the proportion of the lipase, based on the total amount of alkene, to 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.75 to 15 Wt .-%, particularly preferably
- Oxidation sequence products such as diols can be obtained.
- the continuous phase of the miniemulsion according to the invention contains water.
- said phase may also comprise organic solvents, in particular those organic solvents are suitable which are miscible with water under the given conditions.
- Suitable organic solvents are, for example, primary alcohols, such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and / or any mixtures thereof.
- the continuous phase or the entire miniemulsion according to the invention is substantially free of organic solvents.
- a continuous phase substantially free of organic solvents means that the proportion of all organic solvents in the total amount of the continuous phase is less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight preferably less than 0.01% by weight and more preferably less than 0.001% by weight.
- a miniemulsion substantially free of organic solvents means that the proportion of all organic solvents in the total amount of the miniemulsion according to the invention is less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably is less than 0.01 wt .-%, and more preferably less than 0.001 wt .-%.
- the continuous phase of the miniemulsion according to the invention or the miniemulsion according to the invention is completely free of organic solvents.
- the continuous phase of the miniemulsion according to the invention further comprises at least one
- Oxidizing agent or a mixture of different oxidizing agents is to be understood as meaning a compound with the aid of which a C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid in the presence of a hydrolase in the corresponding C 6 . 60 Percarboxylic acid can be converted or oxidized.
- the oxidizing agent is part of the continuous phase, some of the oxidizing agent may also be dissolved and / or dispersed in the dispersed phase. But it is in the sense of
- Reaction efficiency advantageous if at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99 wt .-% and most preferably at least 99.5 wt .-% of
- the oxidizing agent is preferably selected from peroxide compounds.
- the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide and / or
- Hydrogen peroxide-releasing reagents selected.
- hydrogen peroxide-releasing reagents are understood to mean compounds which liberate hydrogen peroxide under the given conditions, for example in a decomposition and / or decomplexation reaction.
- hydrogen peroxide-releasing reagents include perborates, especially sodium perborate, percarbonates, especially sodium percarbonate, persulfates and / or amine-hydrogen peroxide complexes.
- amine-hydrogen peroxide complexes are suitable because of their safe handling.
- amine hydrogen peroxide complexes are capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide under mild conditions.
- amine in the amine-hydrogen peroxide complexes of the present invention particularly preferred are compounds having at least one functional group of the following formula feature.
- a very particularly preferred oxidizing agent in the context of the present invention is
- Hydrogen peroxide urea [CAS 124-43-6], an amine hydrogen peroxide complex also sold under the designations carbamide peroxide, percarbamide or ( JHP).
- the content of oxidizing agent in the miniemulsion according to the invention is preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, preferably from 13.5 to 30% by weight and very preferably from 15 to 25% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of miniemulsion.
- the miniemulsion according to the invention comprises at least one reactant
- the miniemulsion according to the invention comprises at least one reactant
- the proportion of the oxidizing agent based on the total amount of 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 13.5 to 30% by weight and most preferably 15 to 20% by weight.
- the miniemulsion of the invention comprises at least one alkene as reactants
- the proportion of the oxidizing agent based on the total amount of the miniemulsion according to the invention, 10 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 13.5 to 30 wt % and most preferably 15 to 20 wt .-% and / or that the molar ratio of oxidant to reactant 1: 1 to 3: 1, preferably 1, 1: 1 to 2.5: 1, particularly preferably 1, 2 : 1 to 2: 1, and most preferably 1, 25: 1 to 1, 75: 1.
- the pH of the continuous phase is preferably between 3.5 and 10, and more preferably between 4 and 7, since in said pH ranges the activity of the hydrolase, such as the lipase, is highest and undesirable secondary reactions are minimized.
- the dispersed phase of the miniemulsion according to the invention contains at least one C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid or a mixture of different C 6 . 60 carboxylic acids.
- C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid is part of the dispersed phase
- a part of C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid are also dissolved in the continuous phase and / or dispersed.
- the C 6 _ 60 carboxylic acid of the present invention may comprise one or more carboxylic acid groups, for the purposes of the present invention C 6 . 60 carboxylic acids are preferred, the only one
- Carboxylic group include, which is therefore C 6 . 60 monocarboxylic acids.
- the C 6 _ 60 carboxylic acid of the present invention may have a linear or branched structure wherein linear C 6 . 60 carboxylic acids are preferred.
- the C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid have one or more substituents, suitable substituents are for example selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl and / or amino.
- C 6 _ 60 carboxylic acid are particularly suitable those carboxylic acids containing 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 carbon atoms, particularly high reaction conversions are obtained when C 6 .
- 60 Carboxylic acid are used in the miniemulsions according to the invention comprising 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 or 12 C-atoms.
- the C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid of the present invention is selected from linear C 7-12 carboxylic acids such as heptanoic acid, octanoic acid,
- Nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid or dodecanoic acid and / or any of their mixtures since in this way particularly high reaction conversions can be realized.
- the content of C 6 -6o carboxylic acid in the miniemulsion according to the invention is from 0.05 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight and most preferably from 0.2 to 3% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of miniemulsion.
- the miniemulsion according to the invention comprises at least one reactant, it is particularly advantageous that the content of C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid in the inventive
- Miniemulsion 0.05 to 15 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 10 mol% and more preferably 2.5 to 7.5 mol%, each based on the total amount of reactants.
- the miniemulsion according to the invention comprises at least one reactant
- the miniemulsion according to the invention comprises at least one alkene as reactant
- the proportion of C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid based on the total amount of the miniemulsion according to the invention 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0.2 to 3 wt .-% is and / or that the molar ratio from C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid to reactant 10: 1 to 1: 10,000, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5000, more preferably 1:10 to 1: 2500 and most preferably 1: 10 to 1: 100 constitutes.
- a miniemulsion according to the invention is an effective reaction system which can be used for the preparation of oxidation products of the particular reactants.
- the aforementioned miniemulsion is suitable for
- miniemulsion according to the invention significantly higher reaction conversions can be achieved in comparison to conventional emulsions, such as, for example, macroemulsions, with significantly smaller amounts of surfactants being needed to stabilize the emulsion.
- miniemulsions according to the invention furthermore, the amount of undesired by-products can be reduced.
- the reactant of the present invention is typically part of the dispersed phase, a portion of the reactant may also be dissolved and / or dispersed in the continuous phase.
- it is advantageous in terms of the reaction efficiency of the present invention if at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 99 wt .-% and very preferably at least 99.9 wt .-% of the total amount of the reactant are part of the dispersed phase.
- the reactants used for the purposes of the present invention are, in particular, substances which are sparingly soluble in water.
- alkenes are suitable as reactants for the preparation of epoxides.
- alkene is understood as meaning all compounds which have at least one C-C double bond.
- the alkene can also comprise more than one double bond, such as in dienes or trienes.
- Suitable alkenes are, for example, compounds which contain at least one terminal and / or at least one internal C-C double bond, it being possible for the alkene to have a cyclic or acyclic structure.
- High yields in the production of epoxides are obtained in particular when the alkene reactant comprises 5 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkene may be a hydrocarbon (i.e., containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms) or also at least one functional group, such as halide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether, carbonyl, cyano, or nitro radicals.
- Examples of acyclic alkenes are mono- or polyunsaturated alkenes having 6 to 20 C atoms, such as aromatic vinyl compounds, unsaturated fatty acids or linear alkenes having terminal or internal C-C double bonds.
- cyclic alkenes are mono- or polyunsaturated alkenes having 6 to 20 C atoms in the cycle. Particular preference is given in particular to cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, cyclooctadiene, cyclododecene, cyclododecadiene, cyclododecatriene, dicyclopentadiene and / or cyclododecene.
- Cyclic ketones which are oxidized with the aid of the miniemulsion according to the invention as a reaction system in a Bayer-Villiger reaction to give the corresponding lactones are particularly suitable as reactants for the production of lactones.
- Suitable cyclic ketones preferably comprise 5 to 12 C atoms in the cycle.
- the cyclic ketone may comprise one or more substituents, which are preferably selected from halide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether, carbonyl, cyano or nitro radicals.
- cyclic ketones examples include cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone and / or
- Oxidation products can be converted, for example: secondary amines which are oxidized to disubstituted Hydrox lamines;
- Aromatics in particular polynuclear aromatics, such as naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, anthracenes and / or alkylantracenes, which are converted into the corresponding quinone bodies;
- aromatic amines which are converted into nitrosoamines, as well as aromatic ⁇ , ⁇ -dialkylamines, which are converted into the corresponding N-oxides.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of a
- Oxidation product of a reactant comprising the following steps:
- step b) adding at least one reactant to produce a miniemulsion according to the invention, whose dispersed phase additionally contains at least one reactant; c) oxidation of the reactant by exposing the miniemulsion from step b) to a temperature of 5 ° C to 95 ° C for at least one minute.
- step c) of the process of the invention the oxidation of at least one reactant is preferably carried out by the miniemulsion, for example with stirring or shaking for 10 min to 150 h, more preferably for 30 min to 120 h, most preferably for 1 h to 100 h and most preferably exposed to a temperature of 5 ° C to 95 ° C for 20 h to 80 h.
- the oxidation of at least one reactant by the miniemulsion according to the invention for 10 min to 150 h at a temperature of 10 ° C to 95 ° C or for 30 min to 120 h at a temperature of 20 ° C to 80 ° C or 20 h to 80 h at a temperature of 30 ° C to 60 ° C is exposed.
- Reactants are carried out continuously or batchwise. If the process is carried out batchwise, the procedure is preferably such that during step c) of the process according to the invention, the miniemulsion is stirred and / or shaken as reaction system in a reaction vessel or reaction reactor.
- the reaction vessel can be heated or cooled from the outside or from the inside in at least one subarea.
- the process according to the invention for producing an oxidation product of a reactant is carried out continuously in a flow-through reactor, which can be at least partially filled with a heating medium or heated from the outside by a suitable means.
- the flow reactor is thereby continuously flowed through by the miniemulsion according to the invention, at least in step c) of the process according to the invention.
- continuous is understood to mean a process procedure in which the miniemulsion flows through the reactor for at least such a period of time that a total volume of miniemulsion, which is large compared to the internal volume of the reactor itself, has flowed through the reactor before “Large” in this sense means “at least twice as large.” Of course, such a continuous reaction also has a beginning and an end.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a
- miniemulsion according to the invention comprising the following steps:
- step i) a mixture is prepared by mixing, the water, at least one oxidizing agent, at least one C 6 . 60 carboxylic acid and optionally at least one reactant.
- the mixture is in particular a macroemulsion.
- inventive method by introducing shear forces generated a miniemulsion.
- Fine distribution of the disperse phase and thus the formation of the miniemulsion is usually achieved by a high local energy input, such as by the treatment of the mixture from step i) by means of ultrasound, by high-pressure homogenization and / or by a microfluidizer.
- a high local energy input such as by the treatment of the mixture from step i) by means of ultrasound, by high-pressure homogenization and / or by a microfluidizer.
- a macroemulsion produced in step i) an ultrasonic treatment at 10-60 kHz for a period of, for example, less than 300 seconds are exposed.
- the droplet size of the dispersed phase can be controlled by the use of hydrophobic substances (hydrophobes) and / or surfactants, as well as by the amount of incorporated energy, for example by choosing a suitable homogenization pressure or by adjusting a corresponding ultrasound energy.
- hydrophobic substances hydrophobes
- surfactants for example by choosing a suitable homogenization pressure or by adjusting a corresponding ultrasound energy.
- step iii) of the process according to the invention at least one hydrolase (EC class 3.x.x.x) or a mixture of different hydrolases, if appropriate and shaking and / or stirring, are added.
- a miniemulsion of the present invention is produced, which as
- Reaction system for the production of C 6 . 60 percarboxylic acids or, in the presence of a suitable reactant, for the production of oxidation products of the particular reactant can be used.
- a solution of reactant (alkene), carboxylic acid and hydrophobe was added to a surfactant-containing aqueous solution treated with an oxidizing agent.
- the resulting two-phase system was pre-homogenized with stirring for 1 h.
- the macroemulsion was then treated with a "1 /" - ultrasonic rod (amplitude 90%) subjected to an overall sound period of 2 min to the resulting mini-emulsion a lipase was added subsequently and the resulting mixture was then (at 400 rpm at the temperature indicated in a shaker. ) implemented.
- a miniemulsion which contains the specified components in the specified amounts, was exposed to the conditions mentioned, so that as the oxidation product of the alkenes used in the
- Oxidation sequence products were formed.
- the oxidizing agent used was UHP, ie percarbamide [CAS 124-43-6].
- the product mixture was extracted after completion of the reaction by means of chloroform from the emulsion. From the product mixture containing substantially unreacted olefin, epoxide and diol, the indicated reaction conversion was determined by gas chromatography (GC).
- GC gas chromatography
- Styrene 48 75.3 6.0 2.5 g styrene, 10 mol% decanoic acid, 1 .5 eq. UHP,
- lipase all based on alkene
- pH value start of reaction 7; Cyclooctene 11 100.0 2.5 g styrene, 10 mol% decanoic acid, 1 .5 eq. UHP,
- lipase all based on alkene
- 1-octene 64 26.0 2.5 g styrene, 10 mol% decanoic acid, 1 .5 eq. UHP,
- lipase all based on alkene
- Substrate diversity of alkenes in the corresponding oxidation products can be converted.
- a volume-average droplet diameter (D 50 ) of the disperse phase of 222 nm was determined by means of dynamic light scattering using a Submicron Particle Sizer N ICOMP 380 from PSS N ICOMP, USA. The reaction conversion was determined as above. Amount of lipase PS in terms of styrene time epoxide conversion diol conversion [% by weight] (maximum epoxide conversion) [%] [%]
- a volume-average droplet diameter (D 50 ) of the disperse phase of 222 nm was determined by means of dynamic light scattering using a Submicron Particle Sizer N ICOMP 380 from PSS NICOMP, USA. The reaction conversion was determined as above.
- a volume-average droplet diameter (D 50 ) of the disperse phase of 222 nm was determined by means of dynamic light scattering using a Submicron Particle Sizer N ICOMP 380 from PSS NICOMP, USA. The reaction conversion was determined as above.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010049754A DE102010049754A1 (de) | 2010-10-29 | 2010-10-29 | Enzymhaltige Miniemulsion |
| PCT/EP2011/068874 WO2012055969A1 (de) | 2010-10-29 | 2011-10-27 | Enzymhaltige miniemulsionen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2633039A1 true EP2633039A1 (de) | 2013-09-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11776767.3A Withdrawn EP2633039A1 (de) | 2010-10-29 | 2011-10-27 | Enzymhaltige miniemulsionen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8883465B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2633039A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010049754A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012055969A1 (de) |
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| JP6909127B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-18 | 2021-07-28 | エスケー イノベーション カンパニー リミテッドSk Innovation Co.,Ltd. | ジエポキシド化合物の製造方法 |
| CN109266700A (zh) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-25 | 中南林业科技大学 | 一种采用一步酶法制备富含ω-3脂肪酸溶血磷脂的方法 |
| CN112760345A (zh) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-07 | 南京盛德生物科技研究院有限公司 | 一种酶法制备环氧烷烃的工艺 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10248455A1 (de) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-29 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Enzymatische Polymerisation von Miniemulsionen |
| DE102004057966A1 (de) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Degussa Ag | Enzymreaktionen in Miniemulsionen |
| DE102004058072A1 (de) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wässrigen Polyamid-Dispersion |
| DE102005026135A1 (de) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-07 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wässrigen Polymerdispersion |
| RU2009143560A (ru) * | 2007-04-26 | 2011-06-10 | Басф Се (De) | Ферментативный способ получения микрокапсул |
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2010
- 2010-10-29 DE DE102010049754A patent/DE102010049754A1/de not_active Ceased
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2011
- 2011-10-27 EP EP11776767.3A patent/EP2633039A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-27 WO PCT/EP2011/068874 patent/WO2012055969A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2013
- 2013-03-14 US US13/802,862 patent/US8883465B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| FREDRIK BJLIRKLING ET AL: "Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of Peroxycarboxylic Acids andLipaseMediatedOxidations", P&TED IN GREAT BRITAIN 0040-4020I92 S5.00+.00, 1 January 1992 (1992-01-01), pages 4581 - 4592, XP055189706, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040402001812321/pdf?md5=bcf814ac0b0c3c47c3c701d57cecefd9&pid=1-s2.0-S0040402001812321-main.pdf> [retrieved on 20150518] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130196395A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
| WO2012055969A1 (de) | 2012-05-03 |
| US8883465B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
| DE102010049754A1 (de) | 2012-05-03 |
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