EP2603947A1 - Enveloppe pour une pile électrochimique - Google Patents

Enveloppe pour une pile électrochimique

Info

Publication number
EP2603947A1
EP2603947A1 EP11743448.0A EP11743448A EP2603947A1 EP 2603947 A1 EP2603947 A1 EP 2603947A1 EP 11743448 A EP11743448 A EP 11743448A EP 2603947 A1 EP2603947 A1 EP 2603947A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrochemical
heating device
enclosure
electrochemical cell
energy store
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11743448.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Zahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Original Assignee
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Li Tec Battery GmbH filed Critical Li Tec Battery GmbH
Publication of EP2603947A1 publication Critical patent/EP2603947A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sheath for an electrochemical cell, an electrochemical cell with such a sheath, and an electrochemical energy store having at least one such electrochemical cell.
  • batteries primary storage
  • accumulators secondary storage
  • Primary storage is typically charged only once and disposed of after discharge, while secondary storage allows multiple (from a few 100 to over 10,000) cycles of charge and discharge. It should be noted in this context that, especially in the motor vehicle sector, rechargeable batteries are also referred to as batteries.
  • the present invention will be described in the context of lithium ion batteries for supplying automotive drives. It should be noted that the invention but also regardless of the chemistry and the type of electrochemical cell and the battery and also regardless of the type of powered drive can be used.
  • electrochemical cells which have an electrode stack, which is at least partially enclosed by an envelope.
  • the envelope is intended on the one hand to prevent the escape of chemicals from the electrode stack into the environment and, on the other hand, to protect the constituents of the cell from undesired interaction with the environment, for example against water or water vapor.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved electrochemical energy storage, the heat can be supplied.
  • an enclosure for an electrochemical cell in which at least one heating device is integrated.
  • This at least one heating device has at least one preferably planar heating zone, which extends over at least a portion of the enclosure.
  • an electrochemical cell which has an electrode stack, at least one current conductor, which is connected to the electrode stack, and an enclosure according to the invention which at least partially surrounds the electrode stack, wherein the at least one current conductor extends at least partially out of the enclosure ,
  • an electrochemical energy store is furthermore provided which has a housing and at least one electrochemical cell arranged in the housing and according to the invention.
  • at least one heating device is integrated in the enclosure of an electrochemical cell of an electrochemical energy store.
  • the heating device is arranged very close to the cell to be tempered or its constituents to be tempered, so that the heat generated by the heater can be transmitted as lossless as possible to the cell or its components.
  • a high efficiency of the heater can be achieved.
  • By integrating the heating device into the enclosure of the cell a more homogeneous temperature distribution in the cell can be achieved if necessary.
  • the electrochemical energy store can be operated even at low ambient temperatures at an optimum operating temperature and thus with a high degree of efficiency.
  • a compact construction of the cell can furthermore be achieved.
  • a separate assembly of a heating device after the manufacture of the electrochemical cell can be omitted in an advantageous manner.
  • an "electrochemical energy store” is to be understood as meaning any type of energy store which can be removed from electrical energy, wherein an electrochemical reaction takes place in the interior of the energy store
  • the plurality of electrochemical cells may be connected in parallel to store a larger amount of charge, or may be connected in series to provide a desired operating voltage, or may be a combination of parallel and series connection.
  • an "electrochemical cell” or “electrochemical energy storage cell” is understood to mean a device which serves to deliver electrical energy, the energy being stored in chemical form. In the case of rechargeable secondary batteries, the cell is also designed to accept electrical energy, convert it to chemical energy, and store it.
  • the shape (ie, in particular, the size and the geometry) of an electrochemical cell can be chosen depending on the available space.
  • the electrochemical cell is formed substantially prismatic or cylindrical.
  • an “electrode stack” is to be understood as meaning an arrangement of at least two electrodes and an electrolyte arranged therebetween.
  • the electrolyte may be partially accommodated by a separator, and then the separator separates the electrodes.
  • the electrode stack has a plurality of layers of electrodes and separators
  • the electrodes are for example plate-shaped or foil-like and are preferably arranged substantially parallel to each other (prismatic energy storage cells) .
  • the electrode stack may also be wound and essentially one cylindrical shape (cylindrical energy storage cells).
  • the term “electrode stack” should also include such electrode coils.
  • the electrode stack may also comprise lithium or another alkali metal in ionic form.
  • a "current conductor” is to be understood as meaning an electrically conductive design element of an electrochemical cell which serves to transport electrical energy into or out of the cell
  • Electrochemical cells usually have two types of current conductors, which are each electrically conductively connected to one of the two electrodes or electrode groups - anodes or cathodes - inside the cell, in other words each electrode has of the electrode stack of the cell has its own current conductor or the electrodes of the same polarity of the electrode stack are connected to a common current conductor.
  • the shape of the current conductor is adapted to the shape of the electrochemical cell or its electrode stack.
  • the term "enclosure” is intended to include any type of device which is suitable for preventing the escape of chemicals from the electrode stack into the environment and for protecting the constituents of the electrode stack from damaging external influences.
  • the enclosure may consist of one or more molded parts and / or
  • the sheath may be made of a substantially rigid material or of an elastic material, In order to improve the heat input from the integrated heating device to the interior of the electrochemical cell, the sheath may be formed in one or more layers
  • the envelope is preferably made of a gas-tight and electrically insulating material or layer composite, which preferably encloses the electrode stack as far as possible without a gap and at least on its inside facing the cell Air cushion to allow good heat conduction between the enclosure and the interior of the electrochemical cell.
  • heating zone is to be understood as meaning the section of the heating device in which the heating function and the heat input into the interior of the cell take place and thus have an efficient heat transfer surface.
  • "at least one heating device” is to be integrated in the enclosure of the electrochemical cell, which means that preferably one, two, three, four or more heating devices are integrated in the enclosure.
  • a heating device is preferably integrated in a main side of the enclosure or a respective heating device integrated into one of the two main sides of the enclosure. Equally preferred is the integration of two heating device in one of the two main sides or in both main sides of the enclosure.
  • the term "integration" is intended to mean any type of integration of the component heating device in the component envelope.
  • the integration of the heating device into the envelope leads to a prefabricated component which can be traded as a component during the production of the electrochemical cell
  • the integration between the at least one heating device and the envelope is preferably coherent, non-positive and / or positive-locking, with the integration preferably being an essentially complete one
  • Equally preferred are partial enclosure of the heating device within the material of the enclosure and at the same time at least partial release of the heating device the inside of the cell facing side of the enclosure and / or on the inside of the cell facing away from the enclosure.
  • the at least one heating zone of the at least one heating device has a geometry and / or size which is adapted to a geometry or size of the envelope.
  • This adaptation in geometry and / or size promotes the efficiency and homogeneity of heat transfer from the heater in the enclosure to the interior of the electrochemical cell.
  • one side or surface of the envelope is as large as possible or even almost completely filled with at least one heating element.
  • the at least one heating device preferably has exactly one heating zone, but may also have two or more separate or interconnected heating zones.
  • the heating device has an electrical heating device.
  • the electric heater is easy to control and to realize in a simple and compact design.
  • the term "electric heater” includes all heaters that are configured to convert electrical energy into thermal energy, and the electric heater preferably includes a heating wire, a heating foil, or the like.
  • the heating device includes a thermal interface material that is in thermal conduction contact with a heat source, fluid channels for passing a warm fluid, or the like.
  • the heating device has at least one heating zone, which extends substantially within one plane in the enclosure.
  • the heating zone of the heating device By arranging the heating zone of the heating device within a plane, a very compact construction of the enclosure with integrated heating device can be achieved.
  • the arrangement of the at least one heating zone "within a plane" is to be understood as meaning a substantially single-layer or single-layer arrangement.
  • the heating device has at least one supply connection, which is arranged essentially in the plane of the heating zone of the heating device.
  • a "supply connection” should be understood as any type of connection which provides the heating device with the supply corresponding to the heating device (eg electric current, fluid flow, etc.)
  • one or more supply connections are preferably provided.
  • the casing has at least one main surface and the heating zone (s) of the at least one heating device of the casing extend or extend substantially over this entire main surface.
  • the cladding has two substantially rectangular major surfaces, which have the largest surface area of the six surfaces or sides of the cell.
  • the wrapper has a cylinder jacket surface as the major surface of the wrapper.
  • the electrochemical energy store has at least two electrochemical cells, all the electrochemical cells of the energy store are advantageously configured according to the invention described above, ie in particular provided with a casing with integrated heating device. In this way, a more homogeneous temperature distribution over the entire energy storage can be achieved.
  • the energy store has at least one connection element which is connected to the current conductor of the electrochemical cell or the current conductors of the electrochemical cells, the at least one connection element extending at least partially out of the housing.
  • the electrical heating device (s) of the enclosure (s) of the electrochemical cell (s) is / are then connected or connectable to this connection element. In this construction, the electrochemical energy storage itself can operate the heaters in the electrochemical cells.
  • the electric heaters are preferably configured to the battery voltage of the electrochemical energy storage.
  • This embodiment also enables the implementation of a heating algorithm for permanent heat input to the interior of the cells in the state.
  • the energy store has at least one further connection element, which is connected or connectable to the supply connection of the at least one heating device of the electrochemical cell or the supply connections of the heating devices of the electrochemical cells, wherein this at least one further connection element extends at least partially out of the housing.
  • This embodiment is applicable to both electric heaters and other heaters and allows the operation of the heaters regardless of the operating state of the electrochemical energy storage.
  • the electrochemical energy store has at least one connection element and at least one further connection element.
  • a switching device for switching between the connection with the connection element and the connection with the further connection element is advantageously provided.
  • the electric heaters can be operated either by the energy storage itself or by an external power source.
  • the heating device (s) of the sheathing (s) of the electrochemical cell (s) can be controlled by a battery management system (BMS) of the energy accumulator.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the battery management system is preferably integrated into the electrochemical energy store.
  • the battery management system is provided outside of the energy store.
  • the battery management preferably forms a unit with the energy store.
  • the “battery management system” is a device for monitoring and controlling the electrochemical energy store and in particular its electrochemical cells.
  • the tasks of a battery management system preferably include the control of the charge and discharge processes, the temperature monitoring, the estimation of the charge capacity, the monitoring of the cell voltages and the like. With the aid of the battery management system, it is preferable to have an optimum operating Behavior of the energy storage can be achieved in order to achieve the best possible improvement in the life, range and reliability of the same.
  • the battery management system is preferably adapted to the configuration of the electrochemical energy store and its electrochemical cells. Furthermore, the battery management system is preferably connected to the control unit, for example of the motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electrochemical cell for an electrochemical energy store according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the electrochemical cell of
  • FIG. 1 according to view A according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an electrochemical cell for an electrochemical energy store according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an electrochemical
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of an electrochemical cell 10 according to the invention.
  • the cell 10 has at least one electrode stack 12, which is enclosed by an envelope 14.
  • the electrode stack 12 has a plurality of layers of electrodes and separators disposed therebetween, wherein an electrolyte is at least partially received by the separators.
  • the electrodes of one polarity are connected to a first current collector 16 and the electrodes of the other polarity are connected to a second current collector 18.
  • the two current conductors 16, 18 extend out of the enclosure 14, wherein in the passage region of the current conductors 16, 18 a sealing region 20 is provided.
  • the electrochemical cell 10 is formed substantially prismatic and has two major surfaces or sides (right and left in Figure 1).
  • an electric heater 22 is integrated in the one main surface of the enclosure 14 (left in Figure 1).
  • This electrical heating device 22 is designed with a supply connection 24 in order to be able to supply current to the heating device 22.
  • the electric heater 22 to a heating wire 26 which is laid in a loop.
  • This loop of heating wire 26 defines a heating zone 27 which extends over much of the one major surface of the enclosure 14. Shape and size of the heating zone 27 are adapted to the main surface of the enclosure 14.
  • the heating wire 26 of the electric heating device 22 is arranged substantially in one plane in the enclosure 14 of the cell 10 and forms a planar heating zone 27.
  • the supply connection 24 of the heating device 22 is arranged essentially in the plane of the heating zone 27 or the heating wire 26.
  • the enclosure 14 with integrated electric heater 22 therefore requires only slightly more space than a conventional enclosure 14 without such a heater 22nd
  • the sheath 14 should have a high thermal conductivity at least on its inner side facing the electrode stack 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows an electrochemical cell 10 according to a second embodiment. While in the first exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 only one main surface of the envelope 14 is designed with an integrated electrical heating device 22, in the electrochemical cell 10 of FIG. 3 in both main surfaces of the envelope 14 each at least one electric heater 22, 23 integrated. In this case, both heating devices 22, 23 are essentially formed from a heating wire 26, which is laid in a loop to form a flat heating zone 27, as illustrated in FIG.
  • An electrochemical energy storage such as a secondary battery has a housing 28 in which a plurality of electrochemical cells 10 are arranged and connected in parallel and / or in series, as illustrated in Figure 4.
  • electrochemical cells for example, the cells of Figure 1 or the cells of Figure 3 can be used.
  • the first current conductors 16 of the electrode stacks 12 of the plurality of cells 10 are electrically conductively connected to a first connection element 30 (eg positive pole), while the second current conductors 18 of the electrode stacks 22 of the plurality of cells 10 are electrically conductively connected to a second connection element 32 (eg positive pole) ,
  • the two connection elements 30, 32 protrude partially out of the housing 28 of the energy store in order to be able to connect an electrical load or a charging device.
  • the energy store also has a further connection element 34, which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the supply connections 24 of the electrical heating devices 22 of the electrochemical cells 10. Also, this further connection element 34 protrudes partially out of the housing 28 of the energy store in order to connect a power source can.
  • the supply terminals 24 of the heaters 22 of the cells 10 are electrically connected in the interior of the housing 28 together with the connecting elements or poles 30, 32 of the energy store.
  • the electric heaters 22 can be supplied by the electrochemical energy storage itself with electrical energy.
  • a battery management system (BMS) 38 is arranged in the housing 28 of the electrochemical energy store. In addition to monitoring and control functions of the cells 10, this BMS 38 also has the task of controlling the electric heaters 22 of the cells 10.
  • the BMS 38 controls a switching device 36 in the housing 28, which makes an electrical connection of the supply terminals 24 of the electric heaters 22 optionally with the poles 30, 32 of the energy storage or with the other connection element 34 of the energy storage, if necessary.
  • the supply terminals 24 of the electric heaters 22 of the cells 10 can be connected either to the poles 30, 32 of the energy storage or to the other connection element 34, only one of these two alternatives can be provided.
  • the switching device 36 no longer has a switching function, but only a simple switch-on function, which is activated by the BMS 38.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile électrochimique (10) présentant un empilement d'électrodes (12), au moins un limiteur de surtension (16, 18) qui est relié à l'empilement d'électrodes (12), et une enveloppe (14) qui entoure au moins partiellement l'empilement d'électrodes (12), ledit au moins un limiteur de surtension (16, 18) s'étendant au moins partiellement à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe (14). Au moins un dispositif de chauffe (22, 23) est intégré dans l'enveloppe (14) de la pile électrochimique (10) et présente au moins une zone de chauffe (27) qui est, de préférence, plate et qui s'étend au moins sur une zone partielle de l'enveloppe (14).
EP11743448.0A 2010-08-12 2011-08-05 Enveloppe pour une pile électrochimique Withdrawn EP2603947A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010034081 DE102010034081A1 (de) 2010-08-12 2010-08-12 Umhüllung für eine elektrochemische Zelle
PCT/EP2011/003945 WO2012019740A1 (fr) 2010-08-12 2011-08-05 Enveloppe pour une pile électrochimique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2603947A1 true EP2603947A1 (fr) 2013-06-19

Family

ID=44630170

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11743448.0A Withdrawn EP2603947A1 (fr) 2010-08-12 2011-08-05 Enveloppe pour une pile électrochimique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20130183565A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2603947A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013536549A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140004061A (fr)
CN (1) CN103069643A (fr)
DE (1) DE102010034081A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012019740A1 (fr)

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DE102010034081A1 (de) 2012-02-16
KR20140004061A (ko) 2014-01-10
CN103069643A (zh) 2013-04-24
WO2012019740A1 (fr) 2012-02-16
US20130183565A1 (en) 2013-07-18
JP2013536549A (ja) 2013-09-19

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