EP2457276A1 - Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de refroidissement et de chauffage d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique - Google Patents

Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de refroidissement et de chauffage d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique

Info

Publication number
EP2457276A1
EP2457276A1 EP10739300A EP10739300A EP2457276A1 EP 2457276 A1 EP2457276 A1 EP 2457276A1 EP 10739300 A EP10739300 A EP 10739300A EP 10739300 A EP10739300 A EP 10739300A EP 2457276 A1 EP2457276 A1 EP 2457276A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrochemical energy
energy storage
region
heat transfer
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10739300A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tim Schaefer
Andreas Gutsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Original Assignee
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Li Tec Battery GmbH filed Critical Li Tec Battery GmbH
Publication of EP2457276A1 publication Critical patent/EP2457276A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6553—Terminals or leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H01M6/5038—Heating or cooling of cells or batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrochemical energy store and a method for cooling or heating an electrochemical
  • Energy storage in particular a lithium-ion battery.
  • Such electrochemical energy storage find application in motor vehicles, for example.
  • the invention can also be used in electrochemical
  • Accumulators are accelerated in addition to faster conversion of energy but also aging.
  • the accumulator over short Periods high electrical currents taken. These high electric currents occur, for example, when the delay of a car supported by electrical equipment and the energy gained the
  • electrochemical energy storage can be avoided.
  • electrochemical energy stores work only above a lower depending on their design and their mode of action
  • Energy storage unit with a deformable, thermally conductive cooling bellows, which adds to a serpentine arrangement and several
  • Cooling device for cooling the cells has.
  • the cooling device an air heat exchanger, a Liquid cooler and a three-way valve to switch between these two coolers as needed.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, the most effective method for cooling or for heating a
  • the electrochemical energy store according to the invention has at least two electrical current conductors for the electrical connection of the
  • electrochemical energy storage within an application environment.
  • These current conductors have a first region arranged within the electrochemical energy store and a second region arranged outside the electrochemical energy store.
  • the inventive electrochemical energy storage is characterized
  • At least one of these electrical current collectors is designed such that it can be flowed through in the second region by a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium.
  • At least one of the electrical current conductors of the energy store flows through a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium in the second area.
  • an electrochemical energy store is to be understood as meaning any type of energy store, from which electrical energy can be taken, wherein an electrochemical reaction takes place in the interior of the energy store.
  • the term includes in particular galvanic cells of all kinds, in particular primary cells, secondary cells and interconnections of such cells Batteries from such cells.
  • Such electrochemical energy storage devices usually have negative and positive electrodes, which by a
  • a current conductor is to be understood as meaning an electrically conductive design element of an electrochemical energy store, which belongs to the
  • Electrochemical energy stores usually have two types of current conductors, each connected to one of the two groups of electrodes - anodes or cathodes - inside the energy store.
  • heat transport medium a gaseous or liquid material which is suitable due to its physical properties, heat by heat conduction and / or heat transport via aerodynamic or hydrodynamic currents, in particular via convection currents to transport in the heat transport medium
  • heat transfer media commonly used in the art are, for example, air or water or other common coolants.
  • Liquids such as noble gases or liquefied noble gases or substances with high heat capacity and / or thermal conductivity.
  • noble gases such as noble gases or liquefied noble gases or substances with high heat capacity and / or thermal conductivity.
  • Device can be understood, which is electrically connected to the energy storage or can be connected and thus remove electrical energy from the energy storage or the energy storage electrical energy can supply.
  • Examples of such application environments are electrical consumers of all kinds or electrical power supplies or combinations of electrical consumers and utilities.
  • a preferred electrochemical energy store has at least one current conductor, which is designed such that it can also be flowed through in the first area by a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium.
  • the current conductor which is designed such that it can also be flowed through in the first area by a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium.
  • Heat transport medium causes and therefore with a suitable choice of a
  • Heat transport medium may be further improved.
  • a particularly preferred electrochemical energy storage device has at least one current conductor, which is designed such that it in the first and in the second region of the same liquid or gaseous
  • Heat transfer medium can be flowed through.
  • This embodiment is particularly easy to implement and, with a suitable choice of a
  • Heat transport medium may be associated with a particularly effective heat transfer.
  • a particularly preferred electrochemical energy storage device has at least one current collector which is designed such that it is in the first region of a first liquid or gaseous heat transport medium and in the second region of a second liquid or gaseous
  • Heat transfer medium can be flowed through.
  • This embodiment may, with a suitable choice of the heat transfer media and / or with a suitable design of the flow conditions possibly with a particular be associated with effective heat transfer. This is especially true if, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one current conductor is designed such that a
  • Heat transport medium can take place.
  • Another preferred electrochemical energy store has at least one current conductor, which is connected in a heat-conducting manner in the second area to a heat sink.
  • At least one heat sink is designed such that it can be at least partially circulated around it by a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium. Also, this additional measure of this embodiment should be associated in many cases with a further improvement of the heat transport.
  • At least one current conductor also flows through a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium in the first region.
  • the heat transfer is effected in the first region by an interaction of heat conduction and heat transfer by convection currents in the heat transport medium and therefore with a suitable choice of a
  • Heat transport medium may be further improved.
  • At least one current conductor in the first and in the second region flows through the same liquid or gaseous heat transport medium.
  • This embodiment is particularly easy to implement and can at suitable choice of a heat transfer medium may be associated with a particularly effective heat transfer.
  • Heat transfer medium and flows through in the second region of a second liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium.
  • This embodiment may possibly be associated with a particularly effective heat transfer with a suitable choice of the heat transfer media and / or with a suitable design of the flow conditions. This is especially true when, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one current conductor is designed so that a heat exchange between the first and the second
  • Heat transport medium can take place.
  • At least one current conductor in the second region is connected to a heat sink in a heat-conducting manner.
  • At least one heat sink is at least partially flowed around by a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium. Also this additional measure of this
  • Embodiment should be associated in many cases with a further improvement of the heat transfer.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • electrochemical energy store according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which two current conductors are traversed by a heat transport medium only in the area outside the energy storage.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • electrochemical energy storage device in which two current conductors are traversed only in the area outside of the energy storage by a heat transfer medium, and in which both current conductors are in contact with a heat sink.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • electrochemical energy storage device in which two current conductors are traversed in the region within the energy storage of a first heat transport medium and in the area outside the energy storage of a second heat transport medium.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • electrochemical energy store in which two current conductors in the area within the energy storage of a first heat transport medium and in the range flowed through by the second heat transfer medium outside of the energy storage, and in which both current conductors are in contact with a heat sink.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • electrochemical energy store according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which two current conductors in the area inside and in the area outside the energy storage of the same
  • Heat transfer medium to be flowed through.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • electrochemical energy store according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, in which two current conductors in the area inside and in the area outside of the energy storage of the same
  • Heat transfer medium are flowed through, and in which both current conductors are in contact with a heat sink.
  • An inventive electrochemical energy store preferably has good heat-conducting current conductors. Such current conductors conduct the
  • Such current conductors are preferably metallic and therefore already often have a high electrical conductivity and a high thermal conductivity.
  • a first region 103, 104, 203, 204, 303, 304, 403, 404, 503, 504, 603, 604 of the current conductor is arranged within a galvanic cell and there with the electrochemically active components of the galvanic cell, ie with a through Separator 102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602 separate electrodes of opposite polarity electrically connected.
  • a second region 105, 106, 205, 206, 305, 306, 405, 406, 505, 506, 605, 606 of the current conductor extends therefrom
  • an electrochemical energy store has at least two electrical ones
  • At least one of these electrical current conductors is designed such that it is in the second region of a liquid or gaseous heat transport medium 107, 108, 207, 208, 307, 308, 407, 408, 507, 508, 607, 608 can be flowed through.
  • Flow channels 107, 108, 207, 208, 307, 308, 407, 408, 507, 508, 607, 608, through which the liquid or gaseous heat transport medium can flow, are preferably provided in the current conductor according to the invention for this purpose.
  • the current conductor is not cooled exclusively in this outer region via the mechanism of heat conduction, but there is also a heat transfer using the liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium instead.
  • the flow of the heat transport medium can be operated by so-called. Convection, in which a forming in the current conductor
  • Heat transport medium causes. This convection current ensures that the heat transfer medium is constantly supplied to the outer region of the current collector at low temperature, and that at the same time the heat transfer medium is removed at a higher temperature from this current collector. If you choose the material properties of the heat transfer medium in a suitable manner, then can be by a flowing
  • Heat transport medium to achieve more effective cooling, as if the cooling would be done solely by heat conduction in a metallic current collector for example.
  • Heat transport medium to drive through the flow channels from the outside can be selected to be greater than if a pure thermal convection would take place.
  • the externally impressed flow rate can be chosen so that the achieved heat transfer is adapted to the current requirements of the application or the operating state of the energy storage.
  • the device shown in Fig. 1 can serve both for cooling and for heating the electrochemical energy storage. If, for example, the electrochemical energy store is below its optimum operating temperature, then the current conductor can be achieved by feeding a suitably heated heat transport medium into the flow channels in such a way that the current conductors are heated in their outer region.
  • a temperature gradient forms in the current collector, which by a onset in the direction of the inner region heat flow through
  • the heat transport can be further improved, for example in the case of cooling, by mounting in the outer regions 205, 206 the current collector heat sink 209, 210 which is in good heat-conducting contact with the current conductors stand.
  • the heat sink which preferably have a large surface area and thus can significantly increase the heat transfer between the current collector and the environment, the cooling of an electrochemical energy storage device in the operating state can be significantly improved. This is even more the case when the heat sinks 209, 210 are additionally flowed around by a heat transport medium 211, 212.
  • This may be a gaseous heat transport medium
  • a liquid heat transport medium for example, water
  • the choice of a suitable heat transfer medium is influenced by various factors. On the one hand, the aspect of the most efficient heat transfer is of great importance in the selection of materials.
  • the energy storage technology used can also be the choice affect a heat transfer medium.
  • the chosen heat transport medium behaves chemically inert (less reactive) to the materials with which it comes in contact during normal operation or with which it might come in contact in the event of a malfunction.
  • the heat transfer between the interior of the electrochemical energy store and the outer regions 305, 306 of the current collector can be further improved if the inner regions of the current collector
  • Regions 303, 304 of the current collector by closed flow channels 313, 314.
  • the arrangement shown here of the flow channels in the inner regions of the current collector therefore contributes mainly to the degradation of
  • the flow channels 308 and 313 or 307 and 314 to be arranged so that an intense heat exchange between these flow channels can be done. This may preferably be u.a. be achieved in that the current conductor in the transition region between the inner region of
  • the heat transport can be further improved, for example in the case of cooling, by the current collector heatsink in the outer regions 405, 406 409, 410 are placed, which are in good thermal contact with the current conductors.
  • the current collector heatsink which preferably have a large surface area and thus the heat transfer between the
  • heat sinks 409, 410 are additionally flowed around by a heat transport medium 411, 412. This may be a gaseous heat transport medium,
  • a liquid heat transport medium for example, water
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically a further embodiment of the invention, in which the heat transport medium flowing in the outer regions 505, 506 of the current collector also flows in the inner regions 503, 504 of this current collector.
  • Heat transfer be particularly high in this embodiment.
  • Energy storage - be associated with difficulties to flow in the inner and outer regions of the current collector the same heat transport medium, for example, when a very effective in the outer region heat transfer medium in case of failure with the inside of the
  • the heat transport medium 611, 612 used for cooling the heat sinks 609, 610 is preferably an electrical insulator with otherwise good heat transfer properties. In many cases, air or a chemically inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide will appear suitable for this purpose.
  • the flow of gaseous heat transfer medium can be
  • fans are suitable for the generation and maintenance of a flow of liquid heat transport means.
  • the performance of such fans or pumps may preferably be dependent on measured temperatures in the region of the current conductors, so that, for example, the power of these fans or pumps is increased if the temperature deviates too much from the desired operating temperature.
  • the power of these fans or pumps is increased if the temperature deviates too much from the desired operating temperature.
  • the heat transfer media used are suitably tempered. This can preferably be done via an electric heater or via an electrically operated cooling unit.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique (101) présentant au moins deux éléments de dérivation de courant électrique (105, 106) destinés à connecter électriquement l'accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique dans un environnement d'application. Ces éléments de dérivation de courant présentent une première zone (103, 104) située à l'intérieur de l'accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et une deuxième zone (105, 106) située à l'extérieur de l'accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique. L'accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique selon l'invention se caractérise en ce qu'au moins l'un des éléments de dérivation de courant électrique est agencé de sorte qu'il peut être parcouru (107, 108) dans la deuxième zone (105, 106) par un agent caloporteur liquide ou gazeux.
EP10739300A 2009-07-24 2010-07-22 Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de refroidissement et de chauffage d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique Withdrawn EP2457276A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009034675A DE102009034675A1 (de) 2009-07-24 2009-07-24 Elektrochemischer Energiespeicher und Verfahren zum Kühlen oder Erwärmen eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers
PCT/EP2010/004502 WO2011009619A1 (fr) 2009-07-24 2010-07-22 Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de refroidissement et de chauffage d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2457276A1 true EP2457276A1 (fr) 2012-05-30

Family

ID=42698382

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10739300A Withdrawn EP2457276A1 (fr) 2009-07-24 2010-07-22 Accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique et procédé de refroidissement et de chauffage d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120177973A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2457276A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013500546A (fr)
KR (1) KR20120084712A (fr)
CN (1) CN102576851A (fr)
BR (1) BR112012001622A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009034675A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011009619A1 (fr)

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EP2659540B1 (fr) 2010-12-31 2018-03-07 Shenzhen BYD Auto R&D Company Limited Batterie
DE102011010664B4 (de) * 2011-02-08 2024-06-27 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg Energiespeicher
DE102011082565A1 (de) 2011-09-13 2013-03-14 Sb Limotive Company Ltd. Elektrisches Ladesystem für batteriegetriebene Kraftfahrzeuge
DE102014006733A1 (de) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-26 Audi Ag Vorrichtung zur Temperierung eines kraftfahrzeugseitigen elektrischen Energiespeichers
DE102017001683A1 (de) * 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Carl Freudenberg Kg Energiespeichersystem
DE102017219798A1 (de) 2017-11-08 2019-05-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriezelle mit einer verbesserten Kühlung
KR20210092735A (ko) * 2018-10-15 2021-07-26 일렉트릭 파워 시스템즈, 아이엔씨. 전기화학 저장 장치의 열 관리
CN113871810B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2023-02-10 比亚迪股份有限公司 极耳和具有其的电芯、电池模组和电池包

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102576851A (zh) 2012-07-11
JP2013500546A (ja) 2013-01-07
BR112012001622A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
KR20120084712A (ko) 2012-07-30
US20120177973A1 (en) 2012-07-12
DE102009034675A1 (de) 2011-01-27
WO2011009619A1 (fr) 2011-01-27

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