EP2590717A2 - Fossé de sable pour terrain de golf - Google Patents

Fossé de sable pour terrain de golf

Info

Publication number
EP2590717A2
EP2590717A2 EP11746002.2A EP11746002A EP2590717A2 EP 2590717 A2 EP2590717 A2 EP 2590717A2 EP 11746002 A EP11746002 A EP 11746002A EP 2590717 A2 EP2590717 A2 EP 2590717A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bunker
artificial grass
layers
golf course
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11746002.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2590717B1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Alec Allen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2590717A2 publication Critical patent/EP2590717A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2590717B1 publication Critical patent/EP2590717B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3661—Mats for golf practice, e.g. mats having a simulated turf, a practice tee or a green area
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3691—Golf courses; Golf practising terrains having a plurality of driving areas, fairways, greens
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B57/00—Golfing accessories
    • A63B57/50—Golfing accessories specially adapted for course maintenance

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a golf bunker and a method of constructing a golf bunker.
  • the maintenance of a golf course is crucial to the golfer and as such to the success of a golf course in general.
  • the level of maintenance is directly related to many issues, but it is the quality of the playing surfaces and the appearance of the golf course that matter most to the average golfer.
  • One of the most demanding areas in terms of the expense, time, effort and labour is the maintenance of golf course bunkers. Golf bunkers are critical to the strategy and appearance of most golf courses and this has been the case for hundreds of years. Despite this long time span, and the many efforts that have been made, no satisfactory solution has been developed that can
  • golf courses favour non-synthetic (or “natural") construction materials for facing bunkers so as to fit in and match the aesthetic look and feel of the rest of the golf-course.
  • the present invention seeks to mitigate the above-mentioned problems. Alternatively or additionally, the present invention seeks to provide an improved golf course bunker and/or an improved method of constructing a bunker. Summary of the Invention
  • the present invention provides a golf course bunker comprising a plurality of layers of artificial grass, for example to face an exterior surface of the bunker.
  • the use of artificial grass in layers in embodiments of the present invention advantageously enables the provision of a durable and low maintenance facing for the bunker which also has an appearance that complements the look and feel of a typical golf course.
  • the use of artificial grass on a golf course is known, but it is believed that its use is limited to single layer applications.
  • the Alice Springs golf club, near Usk, Wales has bunkers which include a single layer of artificial grass that extends from a top surface of the bunker, over and partway down the sloping face of the bunker.
  • GB 2398508 discloses a practice golf bunker in the form of a free standing and static sand tray. The tray is higher at one end and curved to form the bunker wall which is covered with a single non-horizontal layer of artificial turf.
  • a bunker may be in the form of a depression in the course, typically filled at least partially with sand or other granular material, and/or grass.
  • the bunker need not be bounded on all sides by sloped surfaces that extend upwardly in a direction away from the bunker. It will be appreciated that the plurality of layers of artificial grass define a facing of at least part of such a sloped surface.
  • the present invention has particular advantage in relation to bunkers having at least one steeply sloped surface, but is not limited in application only to such steep bunkers.
  • a surface may (optionally) be considered as "steep" if it has a gradient steeper than 1 :3 over a distance of more than 500mm.
  • a surface of the bunker may have an average gradient of steeper than 1 : 1 over a distance of more than 500mm.
  • the present invention has particular advantage in relation to bunkers having at least one revetted surface (i.e. a wall that forms or defines a revetment).
  • the revetment may be faced at least partially by the plurality of layers of artificial grass.
  • the revetted surface may have a gradient of steeper than 1 : 1 over a distance of more than 500mm.
  • the revetted surface may be in the form of a retaining wall.
  • the revetted surface preferably has an upper edge, from which a layer of turf, whether artificial or natural, extends away from the bunker.
  • the bunker has an upper surface having a layer of turf that terminates at this edge, and does not roll over the edge and down into the bunker.
  • the layers of artificial grass may be separated by other layers of material.
  • the layers of artificial grass are arranged one on top of the other, preferably in direct contact with each other.
  • the plurality of layers of artificial grass are preferably arranged in a substantially horizontal orientation.
  • the layers of artificial grass may be staggered.
  • one layer of grass may have an upper surface that is only partially covered by the layer on top, thus leaving part of the upper surface exposed.
  • the layers may thus have a stepped appearance.
  • the layers may have a varying stagger.
  • the gradient of the wall/surface of the bunker defined by the layers may vary.
  • Each layer of artificial grass may be in the form of a piece of artificial turf.
  • Each layer of artificial grass may comprise synthetic grass fibres on a backing material.
  • the synthetic grass fibres may be made from or comprise polypropylene.
  • the backing material may be a rubber or plastic material, such as for example latex.
  • the backing material may support a granular material that fills at least some of the space between the synthetic grass fibres. Such a granular material, preferably sand, may increase the density of the layers. Providing such a granular material may assist in distributing load.
  • the depth of the pile (the height of the grass fibres above the backing material) is preferably greater than 10mm.
  • the depth of the pile is preferably less than 35mm and may be less than 25mm.
  • the depth of the pile may be greater than 15mm.
  • Each piece may have a width of between 100mm and 500mm.
  • Each piece may have a length of between 100mm and 1000mm.
  • Each piece is preferably arranged such that its length extends left-to-right (or right-to-left) across the exterior face of the bunker and such that its width extends into the bunker.
  • the layers of artificial grass are preferably formed from pieces of artificial grass turf that have been previously used as artificial grass for a different application.
  • artificial grass has the advantage of reducing cost, but also has the advantage of providing a viable second/further use of artificial grass turf that has been used in a conventional application (such as on a football pitch for example).
  • Artificial grass surfaces, as used in such conventional applications typically have a useable lifetime of several years, but will need nevertheless to be replaced from time to time. When replaced, it is common practice simply to dispose of used artificial grass as refuse in land- fill sites.
  • the present invention provides a means of re-using / re-cycling used artificial grass. It will be appreciated that the quality of the artificial grass required for the present invention is lower than that required for, for example, a football pitch and that therefore the present invention provides an advantageous means of extending the useful life of such artificial grass.
  • the layers of artificial grass advantageously define an exterior surface of the bunker.
  • the interior of the bunker is preferably formed of different material.
  • the different material may comprise soil.
  • the different material is preferably formed mostly, and more preferably substantially entirely, from the same material as was present in the vicinity of the bunker before the bunker of the present invention was installed. Such material will typically be of substantially the same composition as that of the ground immediately surrounding the bunker.
  • the bunker may be considered as comprising an exterior facing and infill material, the infill material filling in the interior of the bunker.
  • Such infill material may comprise soil for example.
  • One of the layers of artificial grass may extend further into the interior of the bunker so as to key-in to the different material.
  • the layers of artificial grass may be tied together.
  • one or more elongate tie members may pass through each layer of a plurality of stacked layers of artificial grass.
  • the or each elongate tie member may be substantially rigid, for example in the form of a screw, pin, post, bolt, or the like.
  • the layers of artificial grass may be anchored together by means of an anchor member.
  • the present invention also provides a method of constructing a golf course bunker.
  • the golf course bunker so constructed may be in accordance with the golf course bunker as described or claimed herein.
  • the method preferably comprises the steps of (a) forming an excavation having an exterior surface; and (b) laying the artificial grass in horizontal layers, preferably staggered layers, to create the required shape, height and gradient to face the exterior surface of the excavation.
  • the method may include a step of cutting layers of artificial grass before laying them, for example to cut the layers to size.
  • the excavation is preferably formed in situ at the golf course for which the bunker is being constructed.
  • the step of cutting the layers of artificial grass is preferably by means of mechanised machinery (i.e. more than a simple knife that would be used by hand).
  • the mechanised machinery may be manually operable.
  • the mechanised machinery will typically need to be located at a site other than the golf-course.
  • the step of cutting the layers of artificial grass before laying them is preferably conducted at a site remote from the excavation, and preferably not on the golf course. Using mechanised machinery has been found to give a better finish and to be more reliable.
  • the method may include a step of cutting at least one layer of artificial grass to form an incision.
  • the incision may provide sufficient flexibility to allow the layer of artificial grass to be manipulated to suit the contours of the exterior surface of the excavation, whilst maintaining the appearance of the front facing surface of the bunker.
  • the incision is hidden from view in the final completed bunker.
  • the incision may be formed in the rear surface of the layer of artificial grass.
  • the incision may allow the layer of artificial grass to be more readily stretched along its rear surface.
  • the incision may facilitate removal of a portion, for example a wedge- shaped portion, of the layer of artificial grass to be removed this allowing the layer to be more readily compressed along its rear surface.
  • the layers of artificial grass are preferably impregnated with sand before being laid.
  • the layers of artificial grass may be at least partially impregnated with sand before the step of cutting the layers of artificial grass.
  • Mechanised cutting is preferable here, as more sand is retained than when cutting manually.
  • the step of laying the artificial grass in horizontal layers may include adding regulating material in between successive layers. There may be a step of laying a first layer, and then adding regulating material directly on top of the first layer to create an even and level surface on which to lay a second layer. There may then be a step of laying a second layer on top of the regulating material on the first layer.
  • the regulating material may comprise granular material.
  • the regulating material may comprise sand.
  • the regulating material may comprise soil.
  • the method may include a step of adding natural turf to the bunker.
  • the method may include a step of adding topsoil to the bunker.
  • the method may include a step of adding seed to the bunker.
  • Topsoil is preferably added on the uppermost surface of the bunker.
  • the topsoil has a depth of greater 30mm, and may be greater than 40mm.
  • a natural turf layer is preferably laid on the topsoil. In the case where the artificial grass layers hold sand, it is desirable to have some moisture retained within the layers to aid retention of the sand within the layers. Adding natural soil and turf on the top of the bunker can aid such moisture retention.
  • the present invention may have application in relation to structures other than golf course bunkers.
  • the layers of artificial grass could be used as a facing on a retaining wall.
  • a structure for example a facing, comprising a plurality of layers of artificial grass layered one on top of the other.
  • the structure may have one or more of the features of the golf bunker as described above or claimed herein.
  • a method of constructing a structure comprising a plurality of layers of artificial grass. It will of course be appreciated that features described in relation to one aspect of the present invention may be incorporated into other aspects of the present invention. For example, the method of the invention may incorporate any of the features described with reference to the bunker /structure of the invention and vice versa.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a golf bunker according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing region "A" of Figure 1 in greater detail.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of a portion of a layer of artificial grass of the bunker of the first embodiment
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a golf bunker according to a second
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view showing region "B" of Figure 4 in greater detail.
  • Figures 6 is a schematic illustration of a bunker of a third embodiment of the
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1 , which illustrates in cross- section a bunker 10 on a golf course, the bunker 10 comprising a plurality of layers 11 of artificial grass.
  • the use of artificial grass, placed in horizontal layers at a varying stagger creates a durable, low maintenance, bunker, in particular the slopes and edges of the bunker 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a close-up / enlarged view of region "A" of Figure 1. It will be seen from Figure 2 that the at least some of the layers 11 of artificial grass are staggered, thereby defining steps 12 between at least some adjacent layers 11.
  • Each layer 11 of artificial grass comprises a latex backing material 13 and a polypropylene pile material 14 attached to the backing material.
  • the depth of the pile 14 is 20mm.
  • the artificial grass is sand filled.
  • the interior of the bunker is formed from infill material 5 in the form of soil.
  • Artificial grass is provided. Artificial grass generally consists of synthetic grass fibres (nylon or polypropylene), a backing material (a range of products including polyurethane, canvas or latex) and an infill (typically sand). New artificial grass can be purchased from a wide range of suppliers, however the first embodiment of the present invention is best suited to the use of second hand ('used') artificial grass. Used artificial grass is also widely available as it has a finite lifespan in its primary use as a football pitch, tennis court, hockey pitch etc. At present a high proportion of used artificial grass ends up in landfill sites. This secondary use for the artificial grass would provide a new market for the material and significantly reduce waste.
  • the construction of the bunker of the first embodiment is undertaken in three principal stages. Firstly the bunker faces and edges are excavated to the client's required dimensions. Secondly the artificial grass is cut by a sharp knife to suit the dimensions of the excavation. When it is processed, care must be taken to retain the majority of the sand within the pile structure of the artificial grass. In the case where the piece 4 of artificial grass is to be used to face a sharply curving portion of the bunker (i.e. curving in the horizontal plane to an extent that can not be accommodated by the inherent flexibility of the pieces of artificial grass being used), one or more small incisions are made on the back facing surface of each strip 4 of artificial grass as shown in Figure 3.
  • the incisions 2 provide a degree of flexibility which allows the artificial grass to be manipulated to suit the required contours of the bunker face 3, whilst maintaining the appearance of the front facing surface 3 which is seen by the golfer.
  • Figure 3 shows two incisions 2, but it would, as an alternative, be possible to use just one incision at the centre point of the back facing surface.
  • each layer 11 is formed of many strips 4 laid end-to-end. Typical (plan- view) dimensions of a strip are a width of between about 200mm and about 300mm and a length of about 500mm.
  • bunker faces are proposed to be more than 1200mm high, there may be a need for additional support / techniques of providing structural strength and/or integrity.
  • Ongoing maintenance may also be required.
  • the maintenance of the artificial grass faces is minimal compared with traditional solutions that are formed from growing grass sod.
  • the artificial faces are not reliant on good natural growing conditions or regular watering to keep their integrity and are much more durable to everyday wear and tear. Maintenance will be limited to occasional brushing to remove excess sand build up.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show sectional views of a revetted wall of a bunker 110 which has been faced by means of a second embodiment of the invention. Natural sand 3 provided in the base 116 of the bunker and turf is provided on the top 115 of the revetted wall. The principal differences between this second embodiment and the first embodiment will now be described.
  • the slope of the wall of the bunker defined by the artificial grass layers 111 is steeper. Consequently, a larger and more secure tie- member 106 is used.
  • the tie member 106 is an anchor member with a screw-thread.
  • Every 5 th or 6 th layer 121 is bigger in the direction/ dimension that extends into interior 105 of the bunker, which facilitates a key- in between the wall and the excavation, thus providing better stability.
  • the pieces of sand- filled artificial turf are cut to size with an angle-grinder with a suitable cutting disc attached.
  • FIG. 6 shows a bunker 210 according to a third embodiment, illustrating in highly schematic form the type of 3 -dimensional shape of bunker made possible by means of the present invention.
  • the bunker 210 includes a base 216 that is substantially horizontal and filled with sand, which is surrounded by a steeply sloping retaining wall defined by multiple staggered layers 211 of artificial turf.
  • the bunker is formed as a depression in the surrounding land and thus the top region 215 of the bunker is relatively flat, and is level with the surrounding land.
  • the top region 215 is in the form of natural turf which terminates at the edge between the flat level land at the top region 215 and the steeply sloping retaining wall.
  • the multiple layers 211 that form the side wall of the bunker are readily visible when close to the bunker, but are defined by materials such that from a distance the look and appearance of the bunker marries in well to its surroundings.
  • each bunker face may change or be modified.
  • the constant feature is artificial grass laid as (preferably horizontal) layers, and this is a unique solution to the problem of economically maintaining aesthetically pleasing bunker faces and edges.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un fossé de sable (10) pour terrain de golf, comprenant une pluralité de couches sensiblement horizontales et étagées (11) de gazon artificiel. Lesdites couches (11) peuvent être préimprégnées de sable. Les couches de gazon artificiel définissent une surface extérieure du fossé de sable et l'intérieur (5) dudit fossé de sable peut être constitué de divers matériaux. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de construction comprenant les étapes consistant à excaver un fossé de sable et poser du gazon artificiel par couches horizontales (11) orientées vers la surface extérieure de l'excavation.
EP11746002.2A 2010-07-10 2011-07-11 Bunker de parcours de golf Active EP2590717B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1011669.7A GB201011669D0 (en) 2010-07-10 2010-07-10 Method and assembly of bunker faces and edges
PCT/GB2011/051297 WO2012007741A2 (fr) 2010-07-10 2011-07-11 Fossé de sable pour terrain de golf

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2590717A2 true EP2590717A2 (fr) 2013-05-15
EP2590717B1 EP2590717B1 (fr) 2014-06-18

Family

ID=42712230

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11746002.2A Active EP2590717B1 (fr) 2010-07-10 2011-07-11 Bunker de parcours de golf

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20130116060A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2590717B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2504097T3 (fr)
GB (2) GB201011669D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012007741A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8845443B1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2014-09-30 Sean Somers Weaver System and method of forming a golf course sand bunker having improved stability
GB2501257A (en) * 2012-04-16 2013-10-23 Christy Hammersley Worthington Blocks for bunker construction
GB201414012D0 (en) * 2014-08-07 2014-09-24 Allen Richard A Processing of artificial turf
US10220287B2 (en) 2016-01-06 2019-03-05 BunkersPlus LLC Golf course sand bunker with liner and method of making the same
US20170191230A1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2017-07-06 BunkersPlus LLC Golf bunker liner
US20210277620A1 (en) * 2016-07-29 2021-09-09 Ecobunker Limited Golf course bunker
US20200230483A1 (en) * 2016-07-29 2020-07-23 Ecobunker Limited Golf course bunker
US9795854B1 (en) * 2017-03-22 2017-10-24 Casey Jones Accelerated water removal low maintenance multi-hole golfing facility
US10513829B2 (en) * 2018-05-25 2019-12-24 Casey Thomas Jones Edge stabilization assembly for golf courses, shorelines and playgrounds

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1011669A (en) 1963-09-09 1965-12-01 Ekco Products Company Stackable receptacles
JPH0975502A (ja) * 1995-07-12 1997-03-25 Tamapatsuku Kk 遊技場
US5830080A (en) * 1997-06-24 1998-11-03 Reynolds; Richard C. Turf simulating surface
US6623373B2 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-09-23 Peter Carlton Golf practice platform
GB0226060D0 (en) * 2002-11-08 2002-12-18 Lengus Ltd Portable golf bunker
US8329265B2 (en) * 2004-06-16 2012-12-11 Astroturf, Llc Transition synthetic sports turf
US7147401B2 (en) * 2004-09-29 2006-12-12 Wickens Richard B Installation and drainage system for synthetic grass
US7344340B2 (en) * 2005-02-28 2008-03-18 Ames Rubber Corporation Method and assembly for maintaining structural stability and configuration of golf course sand bunker borders
KR100785530B1 (ko) * 2007-02-23 2007-12-13 스카이칠십이 주식회사 샷 메이킹 및 트러블 샷 연습용 골프코스
US20090038214A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Indian Valley Industries, Inc. Golf course bunker boundary protection system
USD682966S1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2013-05-21 Richard Alec Allen Golf course bunker
GB2501257A (en) * 2012-04-16 2013-10-23 Christy Hammersley Worthington Blocks for bunker construction

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012007741A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2504097T3 (es) 2014-10-08
WO2012007741A3 (fr) 2012-03-08
GB201215383D0 (en) 2012-10-10
GB2490637A (en) 2012-11-07
GB201011669D0 (en) 2010-08-25
WO2012007741A2 (fr) 2012-01-19
US20130116060A1 (en) 2013-05-09
EP2590717B1 (fr) 2014-06-18
GB2490637B (en) 2013-03-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2590717B1 (fr) Bunker de parcours de golf
US7930865B2 (en) Method of installing an interlocking floor system
US8062143B1 (en) Golf course sand bunker construction and its associated method of production
US8529159B2 (en) Methods and materials for golf course sand bunker construction
EP3325720B1 (fr) Surface de gazon hybride et son support
US6295756B1 (en) Surface for sports and other uses
CA2523849C (fr) Sol de sport et procede de construction de ce sol de sport
KR101884877B1 (ko) 잔디보호용 매트
US20200230483A1 (en) Golf course bunker
US3407714A (en) Apparatus for anchoring the margin of synthetic turf
KR101193330B1 (ko) 식생경관 연출용 보강토 옹벽 및 그 축조방법
US20170225051A1 (en) Gold Course Bunker Edge Stabilization Materials, System and Method
US20210277620A1 (en) Golf course bunker
JP4307398B2 (ja) 充填材入り人工芝の施工装置および充填材入り人工芝構造体ならびにそのメンテナンス方法
US20180223485A1 (en) Playing Surface
KR101122412B1 (ko) 잔디블럭
GB2479753A (en) Golf bunker and method of making a golf bunker
JP3668861B2 (ja) 芝生保護構造
JP2615208B2 (ja) 芝生の保護方法
KR100965294B1 (ko) 비탈면 보호용 역삼각 원주목블록 및 그 시공방법
JPS6013497Y2 (ja) 人工芝テイ−グラウンド
JP2024077134A (ja) 植生マットの施工方法
CN117385706A (zh) 一种园林绿化植物种植边界处理方法
KR101322744B1 (ko) 사면 보호용 적층식 옹벽 구조체
JP4344985B2 (ja) 充填物を有する人工芝生及びその施工方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20130208

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 602011007813

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: A63B0069360000

Ipc: A63B0057000000

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: A63B 57/00 20060101AFI20131125BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20131217

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 672994

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20140715

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602011007813

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20140731

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2504097

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20141008

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: T3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140918

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140919

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 672994

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20140618

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20141020

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20141018

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602011007813

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140731

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140731

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20150319

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20110711

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140711

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140618

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Payment date: 20230623

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20230808

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20240627

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20240621

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20240626

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240618

Year of fee payment: 14