EP2532615A1 - Aimant de levage doté d'un actionneur de cylindre/piston - Google Patents

Aimant de levage doté d'un actionneur de cylindre/piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2532615A1
EP2532615A1 EP11169082A EP11169082A EP2532615A1 EP 2532615 A1 EP2532615 A1 EP 2532615A1 EP 11169082 A EP11169082 A EP 11169082A EP 11169082 A EP11169082 A EP 11169082A EP 2532615 A1 EP2532615 A1 EP 2532615A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
lifting magnet
stator
cylinder
lifting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11169082A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Naef
René Sterchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Starmag AG
Original Assignee
Starmag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Starmag AG filed Critical Starmag AG
Priority to EP11169082A priority Critical patent/EP2532615A1/fr
Publication of EP2532615A1 publication Critical patent/EP2532615A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/04—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by magnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/04—Means for releasing the attractive force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0231—Magnetic circuits with PM for power or force generation
    • H01F7/0252—PM holding devices
    • H01F7/0257—Lifting, pick-up magnetic objects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lifting magnet with a cylinder / piston actuator and the use of such a lifting of magnetic load.
  • Lifting magnets are for example from the DE 2704118 A1 known.
  • This describes a lifting magnet with a permanent magnet unit comprising two pole legs, between which a permanent magnetic armature is rotatably mounted.
  • the permanent magnets form parts of a magnetic circle.
  • the armature is manually rotated by a handle under some considerable effort by 180 ° between a turned-off rest position and a switched-work position. In the working position, a load can be recorded.
  • An applied load influences the magnetic circuit in such a way that a force for transferring the handle becomes smaller.
  • Such manual lifting magnets are therefore often only in contact with a normal load switchable, because, for example, the otherwise required force for moving the lever exceeds the muscle power of a user.
  • the DE 3545213 A1 shows a lifting device for ferromagnetic loads, which in Providing magnets to a frame, wherein the device can pick up or release a load by moving the magnets into the working position.
  • a center of gravity of the lifting device by shifting the magnets also changes its location, which requires an additional effort.
  • the GB 2292838 A discloses a lifting device having upper and lower units which provide permanent magnets.
  • the permanent magnets are each arranged in units such that an upper and a lower unit are relatively displaceable to receive or release a load. Again, the center of gravity of the lifting device is affected by this displacement.
  • a lifting magnet according to the present invention is provided.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a lifting magnet with a cylinder / piston actuator, which overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • a lifting magnet for frictionally receiving magnetic, in particular ferromagnetic, load
  • the lifting magnet comprising at least one stator, comprising a first permanent magnetic element, at least one rotor associated with the stator, comprising a second permanent magnetic element, and at least one An abutment member for receiving the load, wherein the at least one rotor relative to the corresponding stator from a receiving position in which is provided by the first and second permanent magnetic element, a magnetic force for receiving the load on the contact element, in a release position in which the magnetic Force the load releasing reduced, is rotatable, according to the preamble of claim 1 achieved in that the lifting magnet further comprises a cylinder / piston actuator comprising at least one working cylinder, wherein the at least one working cylinder a cylinder body with a piston reciprocable therein and a piston rod, which is attached to the piston, provides and via the cylinder body and the piston rod by direct or indirect attachment provides an operative connection between the rotor and the corresponding
  • the lifting magnet in this case advantageously comprises a preferably closed housing, which in particular prevents magnetic small parts from accumulating over the time of intended use of permanent magnet or magnetized components of the lifting device and thus accumulate unnecessary weight or even impede the trouble-free operation of the lifting device.
  • this housing is made of an ideally robust material, in particular of low carbon steel.
  • the housing may also be made of stainless steel, aluminum or any suitable plastic known and used in the art; With aluminum or plastic, an advantageous weight reduction could be achieved.
  • all defect-susceptible or sensitive components but in particular all permanent magnetic elements of the lifting magnet, in particular rotor and / or stator, surrounded by this housing protective.
  • the housing also provides the at least one contact element.
  • the contact surfaces provided by the contact elements may lie in one plane or may be at an angle to one another. These contact surfaces can be adapted to specific loads to be transported, that is to say provide surfaces corresponding to an outer shape of a load, for example to create an optimal adhesion.
  • the abutment elements can also have recesses or recesses which guide the tightened load against a center and / or stabilize it against lateral displacement.
  • the contact element can each be a part of the housing.
  • At least parts of the contact element made of a material which has a high permeability, such as soft iron or low carbon steel, so that the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnetic elements in interaction inside the housing is optimally slides to the outside to absorb the load, to there a resulting magnetic field To generate load absorption.
  • the lifting magnet according to the invention may comprise one or more stators, to each of which at least one rotatably mounted rotor is assigned.
  • each stator with at least one rotor and each such rotor interacts with at least one stator alternately.
  • Such an interacting stator-rotor pair of a stator and a rotor is particularly suitable for generating a resulting magnetic field on a contact element associated with this pair.
  • the rotor and stator of this pair are arranged such that this magnetic field, a working field, from the sum of the effects of the existing magnetic fields, in particular those of the first and second permanent magnetic element, which are to be dominant composed.
  • a pivoting of the corresponding, rotatably mounted about its rotor axis rotor should influence the said interaction and in particular the resulting magnetic field, the working field, on the associated contact element in its strength. If the rotor is in the receiving position, then the working field should be stronger and be reducible by rotating the rotor from the receiving position to the release position. To accommodate the load, a distance between the contact element and the load will be reduced in a conventional manner. Then, the working field acts on the magnetic, in particular ferromagnetic load such that the load is pulled against the corresponding contact element and, when the rotor is in the receiving position, is positively received on the contact element on a contact surface. The reduced in the release position working field should be so small that the movement of the load is dominated by other forces acting on her, such as gravity.
  • the rotor preferably has substantially the shape of a straight cylinder with a substantially circular cross-section, wherein the rotor axis corresponds to the cylinder axis.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the rotor can also be, for example, triangular, quadrangular or polygonal.
  • permanent magnets are provided, which form the second permanent magnetic element. This should in particular be arranged in such a way that it preferably corresponds to the first permanent-magnetic element provided by the stator.
  • the said permanent magnets preferably adjoin one another without gaps and thus form a coherent element.
  • the second (and / or the first) permanent magnetic element is interrupted in the direction of the rotor axis.
  • a working cylinder is to act on the rotor at these interruption points or if the lifting magnet is to be adapted to a load from its geometry.
  • a geometry may be, for example, a load which is suitable for magnetic adhesion at two offending locations and lifting magnet is used primarily for such loads. It is then advantageous for purposes of weight optimization to interrupt said permanent magnetic element and to install permanent magnets only at the relevant points.
  • a direction of magnetic polarity of the second permanent magnetic element i. its magnetic pole direction (north pole south pole direction), over the entire length of the rotor the same.
  • pole direction changes always occur at the corresponding points in the first and in the second permanent magnetic element. This ensures that the working field changes in the direction along the rotor equal or approximately equal when the rotor is rotated.
  • the lifting magnet on a clearly defined recording state and a clearly defined release state.
  • stator and the term “rotor” generally each designate a stator or a rotor of an interacting pair, as described above.
  • a stator here is preferably to understand an element which is fixedly arranged with respect to a longitudinal axis of the rotor in the lifting magnet.
  • the stator is rigidly connected to the possibly existing housing.
  • the stator is designed such that it extends substantially along the rotor, preferably at least partially surrounds it.
  • the stator may include one or more permanent magnets, which may be the first permanent magnetic element form. The first permanent magnetic element then preferably extends along the direction of the longitudinal axis of the rotor, preferably corresponding to the second permanent magnetic element.
  • These elements may extend continuously along the rotor axis, or one and / or the other may be partially interrupted, for example, to save weight or to produce a specific field distribution outside the lifting magnet.
  • the first permanent magnetic element in the radial direction, be distributed around the rotor axis, continuously, or discretely, such that, for example, different parts of the first permanent magnetic element with respect to the rotor axis, for example, opposite or partially opposite each other.
  • the stator (as well as the rotor) may also comprise other magnetic, in particular soft magnetic, or non-magnetic elements.
  • the stator can be arranged such that its magnetic field are slid over these elements to the corresponding contact element, while said elements are preferably further adapted to receive the rotor and also to conduct its magnetic field just to produce the largest possible working field when the said fields add up.
  • the rotor can be supplemented by means of such elements in its cross-sectional shape to circular or another shape, if the second permanent magnetic element does not occupy the entire rotor cross-section.
  • the individual magnetic fields of the first and second permanent-magnetic element, respectively the elements themselves, are selected such that when the rotor is in the release position, the working field is reduced at least until the load is released, while in the Recording position is strong enough to raise the intended lifting load.
  • the rotor can be accommodated in two ways. On the one hand such that its rotor axis is parallel to the contact surface of the corresponding contact element.
  • the stator then advantageously extends along the rotor axis.
  • the rotor is arranged substantially between the first permanent magnetic element and the corresponding contact element.
  • a polar direction of the stator that is to say the direction from the magnetic north pole to the magnetic south pole of the first permanent magnetic element, advantageously points essentially in a direction which is parallel to the corresponding contact surface.
  • the stator comprises the first permanent magnetic element and extends to the poles of the first permanent magnetic element in Polbeinen via the rotor to the contact element. These poles are adapted to direct the magnetic field of the stator against the contact element. So one pole leg should form a magnetic north pole and the other pole leg a magnetic south pole. The rotor can then be accommodated between the pole legs, wherein the rotor axis is perpendicular to the pole direction of the stator.
  • One polar direction of the rotor that is to say the direction from the magnetic north to the magnetic south pole of the second permanent magnetic element, is preferably perpendicular to the rotor axis and accordingly rotates during rotation of the rotor in a plane in which the polar direction of the stator is located. If the polar direction of the rotor between the conductive pole legs now points in the same direction as the polar direction of the stator, the rotor is in or near the receiving position, the stator conducts the rectified magnetic fields of the first and second permanent magnetic elements to the contact element via its pole legs. where they both add to a corresponding workspace to pick up the load.
  • the rotor If the polar direction of the rotor is opposite or substantially opposite to the polar direction of the stator, the rotor is thus in or near the release position, the magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit comprising rotor and stator is short-circuited within the lifting magnet and the lifting magnet gives way the reduced field of work the possible adhesive load free.
  • the rotor axis can also be angled, in particular perpendicular to said abutment surface, in which case the stator consists, for example, of two permanent-magnet elements which are opposite to the rotor axis substantially in the same plane perpendicular to the rotor axis and whose polar directions are substantially equal.
  • stator-rotor pairs can be arranged in a lifting magnet.
  • loads that have a large weight compared to the lifting magnet or correspondingly large dimensions for example, loads weighing more than 5000 kilograms, or with lengths of more than 2 meters, for example, along a contact element
  • several similar acting stator-rotor pairs be arranged in the same housing.
  • a housing for a lifting magnet with a single stator-rotor pair may be a good half a meter high, a little less wide and more than twice as long.
  • a diameter of the rotor can in this case occupy a good third of this width and a length of the rotor depending on the orientation extend substantially over half or full length or height of the housing.
  • a typical weight of the lifting magnet with a rotor-stator pair may be 450 kilograms.
  • these dimensions and the weight are dependent on the required power (for example, lifting levers of 1000 to 5000 kilograms) of the lifting magnet.
  • a lifting magnet with reduced power for example, a lifting load of up to 1000 kilograms
  • a lifting magnet with increased power for example a lifting load of 3000 kilograms.
  • a lifting magnet or lifting magnet for loads with larger dimensions and / or with increased dimensions Performance for example, with a plurality of stator-rotor pairs can thus be provided in a larger version, for example, with a length of up to two meters.
  • two or more lifting magnets according to the invention can be connected to one another via a flat or bar-type support, preferably synchronously connected and actuated via a pressure line network from at least one main pressure line and further pressure lines.
  • a flat carrier here allows the combination of lifting magnets with neighbors to different sides
  • an elongate carrier allows the combination of the lifting magnets substantially along the length thereof.
  • two lifting magnets can be connected in tandem via a beam support.
  • the housing of the two lifting magnets are in this case equipped with fastening means known to those skilled in the art, with which they can be fastened to the carrier or to the support element which provides corresponding fastening means.
  • Such fasteners may, for example, compounds by means Be hook, screw, bolt or rivet or welded joints.
  • connection points are made detachable, so that the number of lifting magnets on the support element, for example one, two, depending on the embodiment, however, three, four or more, can be varied.
  • the support element is preferably rigid, the connection point of the lifting magnets with the support member preferably articulated.
  • the system can adapt to the requirements (eg sagging of profiles).
  • the construction machine provides hydraulic means, which individually allows actuation of a plurality of tools via main pressure and pressure lines, then it is also conceivable that the individual lifting magnets of the lifting magnet unit are controlled separately.
  • a lifting magnet unit is in principle the same as the single lifting magnet constructed and operable and, for example, for loads that exceed the performance of a single lifting magnet used.
  • the stator of the lifting magnet according to the invention can form a part of the housing and in particular a part or the entire contact element, for example, by free ends of any possible pole legs.
  • the stator in particular the stator (as well as the rotor)
  • Design elements should only have a magnetic effect appreciably influencing the magnetic field, if they are suitable for their position and / or shape, to reinforce this field on the contact element and / or to enable an optimal short circuit of the magnetic field of the stator by the magnetic field of the rotor.
  • a so-called amplification can be accomplished by these magnetic construction elements, for example, capture magnetic field lines and lead to an operating point of the lifting magnet, ie in the region of the contact surface of the contact element, which is to bear the magnetic load, for the purpose of field enhancement.
  • Wear parts of the construction due to shape or location not to such a reinforcement the field of the individual permanent magnetic elements and / or the aforementioned magnetic short circuit it is advantageous if they act only minimally or not magnetically, in any case not disturb the magnetic circuit such that the performance of the lifting magnet decreases.
  • a steel shell or casing is preferred to a stainless steel shell because the former is significantly less expensive and more useful than a stainless steel shell according to FEM calculation (for example, in FEM calculations, each rotor position is calculated using magnetic field calculation software In the process, relevant parameters such as torque and force vectors are determined.).
  • This sheath of steel advantageously cooperates with the permanent magnets and improves the performance of the lifting magnet.
  • a magnetic short circuit of the stator is primarily caused by the rotor, especially when the rotor is in or near the release position. Thus, a minimum magnetic field is generated on the contact element when the rotor is in the release position.
  • the permanent magnets preferably include rare earths. If the magnet is to endure high temperatures, for example, an aluminum-nickel-cobalt-containing material can be used. If particularly high energy densities are required, for example, samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron-containing compounds can be used. There are also combinations of the aforementioned materials conceivable. Permanent magnets are also advantageous in that no current flow as in an electromagnet for maintaining the magnetic field is needed. This increases the reliability of the lifting magnet and simplifies the use of the lifting magnet in that no generators or power sources are needed.
  • the lifting magnet according to the invention is therefore preferably operated by actuation of the cylinder / piston actuator, for example with hydraulic oil in the case of a hydraulic actuator, and not manually but automatically, for example at the push of a button and without the need for a generator for generating the working field.
  • each working cylinder but at least one working cylinder per rotor on a conventional locking block.
  • This blocking block causes the cylinder to be blocked in the event of a malfunction in pressure in pressure lines, via which a pressure in the working cylinder is transmitted, and thus reduced a safety hazard due to sudden load release due to unwanted rotation of the rotor.
  • the lifting magnet according to the invention comprises a cylinder / piston actuator with at least one working cylinder for rotating the rotor back and forth.
  • the embodiment with two working cylinders but it can also be provided only one or three or more working cylinder. A person skilled in the art optimally estimates this number based on the prevailing force conditions.
  • This actuator then replaces a handle, and in particular the manual folding of the same, as it is known from the prior art.
  • the working cylinder should be adapted to the prevailing force relationships which occur when the rotor rotates as intended, according to a manner known to the person skilled in the art. Due to the maximum torque that the person skilled in the art calculates qualitatively (For FEM calculations, for example, each position of the rotor is calculated using magnetic field calculation software.) Relevant parameters such as torque and force vectors are used to design cylinders, bearings, and connectors.) or can determine by tests, the working cylinder cross-section and a load rating of Flanschlagern is designed.
  • hydraulic cylinders are preferred.
  • pneumatic elements or combinations of hydraulic and pneumatic means may also be used.
  • the cylinder / piston actuator comprises one or more hydraulic cylinders
  • this is to be operable by hydraulic means, which, for example, a commercially available tractor or a corresponding construction machine, can be operated by hydraulic fluids in a conventional manner.
  • hydraulic means which, for example, a commercially available tractor or a corresponding construction machine, can be operated by hydraulic fluids in a conventional manner.
  • This offers the advantage that the lifting magnet can be actuated by a conventional tractor or a construction machine; a hydraulic coupling with tool attachments, such as the lifting magnet according to the invention, is a prerequisite.
  • This machine is then preferably provided with a hydraulic pump or a hydraulic pressure accumulator.
  • the lifting magnet by controlling the corresponding actuating means, for example the Hydraulic means of the machine, which stand with the cylinder / piston actuator in the skilled worker known operative connection, activate or deactivate.
  • the corresponding actuating means for example the Hydraulic means of the machine, which stand with the cylinder / piston actuator in the skilled worker known operative connection, activate or deactivate.
  • the operator can thus pivot or rotate the rotor in the receiving or release position by actuating the hydraulic means of the machine, for example from the driver's cab.
  • the lifting magnet can be used in the recycling sector. Here are rebar or similar. lifted and transported with the help of the lifting magnet.
  • the lifting magnet can also be used as a cleaning machine on construction or demolition sites (collection of magnetic material).
  • the lifting magnet can also be used in civil engineering as a lifter of steel plates or in handling bundles of reinforcing bars.
  • the inventive lifting magnet is therefore very precise and controlled use. Such a control is also advantageous, since a complex turning over of a handle or lever on the lifting magnet itself is omitted, which requires a walk to the lifting magnet or an additional operator.
  • the lifting magnet is thus also used in particular in places that are difficult or impossible for people to access, such as a house roof or a pit or other danger zone.
  • the user no longer has to rotate the rotor directly by his own muscle power. This is particularly advantageous for lifting magnets, which require a large switching force to move the handle.
  • the load lifting magnet according to the invention is switchable without contact with a load, preferably automatically, for example at the push of a button.
  • the inventive lifting magnet in particular its mechanism is designed to be switchable without load system. In connection with the switching associated forces are in this case largely compensated in the invention lifting magnet, for example, the force acting on the cylinder reaction force of the rotor Compensated by the housing or the stator.
  • the lifting magnet switching on in the air, ie away from the load, is advantageous or even a prerequisite, e.g. when "sucking" pieces of iron lying on the ground, i. when collecting iron parts, which are scattered on the ground by the lifting magnet in the activated state is pivoted over the ground, so collect the iron parts on the contact surface and then unloading the iron parts in a predetermined location.
  • the present invention over known lifting magnets, which generate the required magnetic fields by current flow in a coil and thus are also controlled, for example by pressing a button, the advantage that the permanent magnets according to the invention do not require such a flow of current.
  • the working cylinder is pneumatically driven.
  • Pneumatic cylinders assume that the corresponding machine, to which the lifting magnet is coupled, provides pneumatic means, in particular a pneumatic pressure accumulator or a pneumatic pump.
  • the working cylinder creates the operative connection between the stator and the rotor in such a way that the rotor is rotatable or pivotable relative to the stator by actuation of the working cylinder.
  • the piston rod and the cylinder body of the working cylinder directly on the stator or on the rotor, or vice versa, be attached (direct attachment).
  • the cylinder body of the working cylinder is pivotally mounted on the housing and the piston rod of the at least one working cylinder on the rotor.
  • About the housing of the cylinder body is then indirectly on the stator, which in turn is attached to the housing, attached (indirect attachment).
  • the cylinder body is mounted vertically above the horizontally extending rotor axis.
  • the attachment or suspension point of the cylinder body preferably lies within the housing on an upper housing section or an upper housing cover, specifically centrally with respect to the width of the housing cover.
  • this central arrangement leads to a symmetrical distribution of the forces exerted by the cylinder body the housing are transferred.
  • this suspension point can be attached closer to the one side wall of the housing, which changes an effective direction of the working cylinder.
  • the stator should be rigidly connected to the housing.
  • the working direction of the working cylinder is ideally perpendicular to the rotor axis.
  • the power cylinder oscillates in a plane perpendicular to the rotor axis while rotating the rotor.
  • a compact design is advantageous because magnetic fields fall off very sharply at spatial distance. With regard to a compact design, it is therefore advantageous if the housing has minimal dimensions.
  • the working cylinder with extended piston rod preferably extends over a substantial part of the lifting magnet.
  • these cylinders preferably work synchronously.
  • the working cylinders can also work counter-synchronously.
  • the working cylinders are connected in a manner known to the person skilled in the art via pressure lines such that the corresponding preferably identical working cylinders move laterally pivoting synchronously or counter-synchronously when the cylinder / piston actuator is pressurized or depressurized via a main pressure line.
  • Under synchronous here is simultaneous pivoting of the working cylinder to the same side of the housing, with pivot points of the cylinder on the rotor are advantageously located at the same height. If the cylinders work counter-synchronously, they pivot to opposite sides of the housing and the points of articulation are substantially opposite one another with respect to the rotor axis.
  • the main pressure line and / or the other pressure lines advantageously comprise a pressure relief valve which limits a maximum operating pressure of the hydraulic fluid to, for example, 180 bar.
  • a total swing angle by which the rotor is rotated or pivoted from the release position into the receiving position or vice versa, is 180 °, ie half a turn.
  • the polar directions of ideally antiparallel show in the opposite directions
  • ideally parallel both pointing in the same direction
  • the rotor according to the invention preferably comprises a hub and a connecting rod, via which the working cylinder actuates the rotor by means of a weld-on bush, which adjoins the free end of the piston rod.
  • the total tilt angle is therefore selected in the lifting magnet according to the invention such that no such dead center has to be overcome. This means that the total swing angle is less than 180 ° and does not cover any of the dead centers. Preference is given here a swivel angle of 120 °.
  • a jerky start from an end position can arise when a Anlenkwinkel when retracted piston rod is too shallow or when extended piston rod is too pointed and the corresponding transverse forces are so large that the rotor is not rotated smoothly from an end position can, but for example, at least in phases, due to the mechanical and magnetic friction gets stuck for a short time or is braked.
  • the angle of articulation is understood to mean the angle between the distance between the suspension point of the cylinder and the articulation point and the distance between the articulation point and the rotor axis.
  • the angle of articulation in the receiving and the release position can be, for example, about 30 ° or about 150 °. This minimizes the required lateral forces and reduces jerking when starting from said end positions, while reducing the efficiency of the system by only about 10%.
  • the cylinder axis is aligned here in end positions, ie in the release and the recording position the same.
  • the said transverse forces in the release and the receiving position are the same. The torques that occur in this regard due to the interaction of the first and second permanent magnetic element are neglected, since their contribution is minimal.
  • FIG. 1a A preferred embodiment of the lifting magnet 1 is shown in FIG Fig. 1a and in Figures 3 and 4 shown in a cross-sectional view.
  • Fig. 2 a corresponding longitudinal section is shown; here is the in Fig. 2 left lying area of the front, the right lying the rear, the upper lying the upper and the lower lying the lower portion of the lifting magnet 1; viewed from the front, the left side of the lifting magnet 1 is located to the left of the center of the lifting magnet 1, the right side of it to the right.
  • the lifting magnet 1 comprises an elongated stator 30, a cylindrical rotor 50 and a cylinder / piston actuator 101 with two hydraulically operated working cylinders 100, 100 ', which are arranged in a housing 10.
  • the housing 10 comprises housing side walls 11, which preferably converge slightly upwards. This is followed by an upper housing section 12, which has a conventional fastening element 2 for coupling the lifting magnet 1 with a suitable machine.
  • This fastening element 2 may comprise a fastening ring 3.
  • other, known in the art fasteners are conceivable, for example, quick change systems for automatic operation (unmanned change systems).
  • the housing 10 further comprises a lower housing cover 20 and in the front and in the rear part of the housing 10 each have a housing bottom portion 24. Further, the housing 10 also includes parts of free ends 33, 34 of magnetizable Polbeinen 35, 36, in which the stator 30th preferably extends over its entire length against the bottom.
  • the ends 33, 34 project advantageously over the housing bottom portions 24 and the lower housing cover 20.
  • the projecting ends 33, 34 form with the lower housing cover 20 a Investment element, wherein the superior pole legs 35, 36 converge slightly on their inner surfaces upwards and thus lead a load against a center of the contact surface of the contact element 20, 33, 34.
  • two vertical bulkheads 27 are further provided such that the interior of the housing is divided into three chambers, each a substantially equal outer chamber 40, 40 'in the front and rear of the housing 10 and a larger middle chamber 41 in between ,
  • the outer chambers 40, 40 ' is a respective working cylinder 100, 100' and arranged in the middle chamber 41 of the stator 30 and essential parts of the rotor 50.
  • the two working cylinders 100, 100 ' are identical.
  • the bulkheads 27 in this case have a plurality of openings, for example for the implementation of a rear or front rotor section 54, 55 or of pressure lines 21, 22 for the supply of the working cylinder.
  • the pressure ports 23 are designed such that they can be connected to conventional hydraulic means of suitable machines.
  • the upper housing cover 12 provides for the implementation of the main pressure lines 22 and for maintenance purposes at least one recess 26 which can be closed by a detachable by conventional means plate-shaped cover 25.
  • the main pressure line 22 and / or the pressure lines 21 have at least one conventional pressure relief valve, which is preferably arranged in the middle chamber 41.
  • the stator 30 is disposed substantially between the two bulkheads 27 over the length of the middle chamber 41 and provides a first permanent magnetic element 32 which extends substantially in a rectangular cross-sectional shape over the entire length of the stator 30 at about half height of the housing 10, ready.
  • One polar direction X (magnetic north pole-south pole direction) of the first permanent magnet Element 32 here shows horizontal and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the housing 10, in Fig. 3 to the left. From the first permanent magnetic element 32, the pole legs 35, 36 extend away from each other into the lower region of the housing 10, where the free ends 33, 34 connect.
  • the stator 30 thus has a beam-like shape with a substantially triangular cross section, with the apex of the triangle being recessed and the base of the beam having a recess 16 which is defined by the inner surfaces of the pole legs 35, 36 and serves to receive the rotor 50 (see eg Figures 3 and 4 ).
  • the pole legs 35, 36 are made of a high permeability material, such as soft iron or low carbon steel, thus bundle the magnetic field of the first permanent magnetic element 32 and a second permanent magnetic element 52 of the rotor 50 and direct the resulting magnetic field, which is locally prevailing magnetic fields, against the free ends 33, 34 of the pole legs 35, 36th
  • the rotor 50 is rotatable about a rotor axis 56 between the pole legs 35, 36 in the recess 16.
  • the recess 16 is shaped in such a way that the bulges in which the rotor 50, which is essentially circular in cross-section, projects.
  • the rotor axis 56 in this case is located centrally in the rotor 50 and extends horizontally along the length of the housing 10 and the stator 30, parallel to the contact surface.
  • the rotor 50 provides the second permanent magnetic element 52.
  • This element 52 assumes with its preferably substantially rectangular cross section a substantial part of the rotor cross section (see Figures 3 and 4 ).
  • portions of circle segments 53 extending along the rotor axis 56 complete the substantially circular cross section of the rotor 50.
  • these portions of circular segments 53 are of high permeability material, such as low carbon steel, which are magnetic fields passes.
  • the second permanent magnetic element 52 extends substantially over the same length as the first permanent magnetic element 32 and interacts therewith, in particular via the pole legs 35, 36 and circle segments 53
  • Rotor 50 (magnetic north pole south pole direction) points perpendicular to the rotor axis 56 and rotates in the plane perpendicular to the rotor axis 56 with the rotating rotor 50.
  • the rotor 50 projects into the outer chambers 40, 40 ' , wherein the respective working cylinder 100, 100 'in the outer chambers 40, 40' engages parts of the rotor 50 projecting into the outer chamber 40, 40 '.
  • the rotor 50 is rotatable by means of the two working cylinders 100, 100 'between the receiving position and the release position.
  • the power cylinder 100, 100 ' comprises a cylinder body 110, 110', in which a piston (not visible in the drawings) is reciprocally mounted, and a piston rod 120, 120 'which is fixed to the piston.
  • the cylinder body 110, 110 'and thus the working cylinder 100, 100' is suspended pivotally mounted centrally above the stator 30 and the rotor shaft 56 on the upper housing portion 12 to a suspension 14, 14 '.
  • the distal end of the cylinder body 110, 110 ' has a fastening portion 116, 116' with a recess 117, 117 '(see eg Fig. 5 ) for fastening the cylinder body 110, 110 'to the suspension 14, 14' by means of a bolt or a pin.
  • the suspension 14, 14 ' is centered with respect to the width of the housing 10 and mounted on the upper housing portion 12, such that a longitudinal axis of the working cylinder 100, 100' in a plane perpendicular to the rotor axis 56 oscillates.
  • the piston rod 120, 120' can be moved during a stroke movement of the piston in a lateral pendulum motion.
  • the piston rod 120, 120 ' engages the front rotor section 54 and the rear rotor section 55 via a connecting rod 130, 130', which is connected to the rotor axis 56 via a hub 140, 140 '.
  • the connecting rod 130 with hub 140 is in the Figures 1c and 1d shown alone in two different side views.
  • the piston rod 120, 120 ' is fastened to the connecting rod 130, 130' by means of a weld-on bushing 122, 122 'adjoining the free end of the piston rod 120, 120'.
  • the weld-on bushings 122, 122 'each have a recess 123 (see FIG Fig. 5 ) and the connecting rods 130, 130 'each have a recess 133 (see Fig. 1a ) on.
  • the connecting rod 130, 130 ' surrounds the weld-on sleeve 122, 122' with respect to the rotor axis 56 outer portion 131 to both Pages.
  • the weld-on sleeve 122, 122 ' is thus, as in Fig. 2 can be seen in the connecting rod 130, 130 'used.
  • This abutment defines a limit to the rotation because the rotor 50 can not be rotated further in that direction.
  • both hubs 140, 140 ' have a corresponding recess 121 (see in particular FIG Figures 1c and 1d ) on.
  • This recess 121 is arranged such that at the position of the piston rod 120, 120 'which is close to the axis, the piston rod 120, 120' preferably at least partially completely occupies the space provided by the recess 121. Near the axis is to be understood as close to the rotor axis 56.
  • the weld-on bushing 122, 122 'on the piston rod 120, 120' is offset laterally relative to the rotor axis 56 with respect to a piston rod longitudinal axis attached (see, eg Fig. 5 ). It should be emphasized, however, that preferably defines a stroke length or a stroke of the piston, the initial and final position of the pivotal movement by piston stop. The stroke thus corresponds to the distance of the recess 133 between the initial and final position and directly causes the tilt angle of 120 °.
  • the rotor 50 in particular its hub 140, 140 'and connecting rods 130, 130', does not penetrate the plane in which the working cylinder 100, 100 'oscillates.
  • the weld-on bushing 122, 122 'then rests against the connecting rod 130, 130' only with the side facing the rotor 50 and is fastened to its outer section 131, for example via a bolt, which projects through recesses 123, 133.
  • the piston rod 120, 120 'then in this embodiment does not abut on the hub 140, 140', the latter therefore does not need to have any recesses for receiving the piston rod 120, 120 '.
  • the polar direction X of the first permanent-magnetic element 32 is fixed, extends substantially horizontally transversely to the length of the housing 10 and forms a pole-direction angle ⁇ with the polar direction Y of the second permanent-magnetic element 52 spaced below the first permanent-magnetic element 32 in the vertical direction Figures 3 and 4 ).
  • the polar direction angle ⁇ in the release position is 155 ° and in the receiving position 35 °, wherein the pivot angle ⁇ of the rotor between the release position and the receiving position is 120 °.
  • the piston rod 120, 120 ' is aligned here in the release position and in the receiving position the same.
  • the Poliquesswinkel ⁇ may be less than or equal to 175 °, preferably less than 165 °, but at least 90 °, the pivot angle ⁇ of the rotor between the release position and the receiving position less than or equal to 170 °, preferably less than 150 °, but at least 5 ° is.
  • the pole-direction angle ⁇ is equal to the difference of the amounts of the pole-direction angle ⁇ when the rotor is in the release position and the swivel angle ⁇ .
  • the resulting magnetic field, the working field, between the free ends 33, 34 of the pole legs 35, 36, ie on the contact element 20, 33, 34 in this case depends on the orientation of the rotor 50, as depending on the position of the rotor 50, the individual magnetic field components like a vector add to the total resulting magnetic field.
  • the permanent magnets are selected according to a known to those skilled in the art, for example, rare earth magnets are made of neodymium with an energy product of about 300 kilojoules / cubic meter used, so that the lifting magnet loads of up to 3000 kilograms can safely lift. For example, for a preferred embodiment, the FEM calculations give a breakaway force of about 8,000 decanewtons.
  • the tear-off force is defined according to DIN standard VDE 0580.
  • the defined power of a lifting magnet is reduced on the market by a factor of 2 to 3 (safety factor). This also ensures that the working field is dominated by the first and the second permanent magnetic element 32, 52.
  • an angle of polarity ⁇ defined as the angle between the two polarities, in this case equaling 35 °, adds sums of magnetic field components of the magnetic fields of the first and of the second permanent magnetic element on the contact element as far as possible and the working field reaches its maximum value.
  • the polar direction angle ⁇ here equal to 155 °, the working field is reduced to its minimum value, since the corresponding magnetic field components have at least partially different signs on the contact element.
  • a hoisting magnet unit (not shown in the drawings) comprising beam or sheet-like support members.
  • These support members may be, for example, double T-beams or plates made of steel, which have corresponding fastening means.
  • the connection may be, for example, a hook, weld, rivet, screw or bolt connection.
  • several, for example two, three, four or more lifting magnets 1 according to the invention can be fastened to these support elements in a manner known to the person skilled in the art and can be connected to a lifting magnet unit.
  • the support element is preferably rigid, the connection point of the lifting magnets preferably articulated.
  • the system can adapt to the requirements (e.g., sagging of profiles).
  • the lifting magnet 1 or the Hegemagnetü is suitable for receiving magnetic load and after a possible movement of the lifting magnet 1 for the subsequent release of the load.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
EP11169082A 2011-06-08 2011-06-08 Aimant de levage doté d'un actionneur de cylindre/piston Withdrawn EP2532615A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11169082A EP2532615A1 (fr) 2011-06-08 2011-06-08 Aimant de levage doté d'un actionneur de cylindre/piston

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11169082A EP2532615A1 (fr) 2011-06-08 2011-06-08 Aimant de levage doté d'un actionneur de cylindre/piston

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EP2532615A1 true EP2532615A1 (fr) 2012-12-12

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2759508A1 (fr) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-30 Starmag AG Aimant de levage de charge avec entraînement rotatif
CN106219382A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-14 泰州恒益起重机械有限公司 一种永磁吸盘
US9528532B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2016-12-27 William Davis Simmons Hydraulic actuator
CN106348148A (zh) * 2016-11-01 2017-01-25 上海中远川崎重工钢结构有限公司 一种永磁吊具
CN108466943A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-08-31 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种风力发电机转子转运装置
CN108545632A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-09-18 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种风力发电机的转运装置
CN108657933A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-10-16 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种用于电机转子的吊具结构
CN108689312A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-10-23 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种风力发电机壳体的装运装置

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1899099U (de) * 1962-10-05 1964-08-20 Ludwig Boennhoff Ges Mit Besch An einem kranhaken aufhaengbare tragvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer blechtafeln, brammen oder schrott.
GB1213962A (en) * 1969-03-06 1970-11-25 Eriez Mfg Company Turn-off permanent magnet
DE2704118A1 (de) 1976-04-29 1977-11-10 Walker Hagou Bv Permanentmagnetischer hebemagnet
DE3545213A1 (de) 1985-12-24 1987-06-25 Imados Inst Manipulacnich Dopr Fuer das anheben von ferromagnetischen lasten, insbesondere blechen, bestimmte vorrichtung
JPH0812242A (ja) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-16 Techno Sakato:Kk 鉄類吸着運搬装置
GB2292838A (en) 1994-09-02 1996-03-06 Univ Cardiff Magnetic lifting apparatus
JPH08324951A (ja) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-10 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd リフティングマグネット
WO2005040031A1 (fr) * 2003-10-24 2005-05-06 Hae-Kum Ye Aimant de levage
US20050216125A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-29 University Of Vermont Systems comprising a mechanically actuated magnetic on-off attachment device

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1899099U (de) * 1962-10-05 1964-08-20 Ludwig Boennhoff Ges Mit Besch An einem kranhaken aufhaengbare tragvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer blechtafeln, brammen oder schrott.
GB1213962A (en) * 1969-03-06 1970-11-25 Eriez Mfg Company Turn-off permanent magnet
DE2704118A1 (de) 1976-04-29 1977-11-10 Walker Hagou Bv Permanentmagnetischer hebemagnet
DE3545213A1 (de) 1985-12-24 1987-06-25 Imados Inst Manipulacnich Dopr Fuer das anheben von ferromagnetischen lasten, insbesondere blechen, bestimmte vorrichtung
JPH0812242A (ja) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-16 Techno Sakato:Kk 鉄類吸着運搬装置
GB2292838A (en) 1994-09-02 1996-03-06 Univ Cardiff Magnetic lifting apparatus
JPH08324951A (ja) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-10 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd リフティングマグネット
WO2005040031A1 (fr) * 2003-10-24 2005-05-06 Hae-Kum Ye Aimant de levage
US20050216125A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-29 University Of Vermont Systems comprising a mechanically actuated magnetic on-off attachment device

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9528532B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2016-12-27 William Davis Simmons Hydraulic actuator
EP2759508A1 (fr) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-30 Starmag AG Aimant de levage de charge avec entraînement rotatif
CN106219382A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-14 泰州恒益起重机械有限公司 一种永磁吸盘
CN106348148A (zh) * 2016-11-01 2017-01-25 上海中远川崎重工钢结构有限公司 一种永磁吊具
CN108466943A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-08-31 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种风力发电机转子转运装置
CN108545632A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-09-18 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种风力发电机的转运装置
CN108657933A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-10-16 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种用于电机转子的吊具结构
CN108689312A (zh) * 2018-06-18 2018-10-23 南京高传电机制造有限公司 一种风力发电机壳体的装运装置

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