EP2520338A1 - Fire-retardant closure - Google Patents

Abstract

The fire-retarding closure is in the form of a curtain (3).The curtain comprises two layers of material, which are connected to one another in order to form an inner space. The inner space is filled partially with a thermally expanding material. An INDEPEDENT CLAIM is also included for a fire retarding unit.

Description

The invention particularly relates to a fire retardant closure in the form of a curtain.

Fire-retardant closures are already known in the form of fire-retardant gates. These gates contain in their core and at their edges a stiff substrate, on which a fire-retardant and when heated foaming material is attached. Such fire-retardant gates have the disadvantage that they have a large weight, whereby it is necessary to provide them with a motor for the drive. Another disadvantage is that such gates and doors are quite expensive due to the presence of an engine that opens and closes these shutters.

Yet another disadvantage is that such doors are quite bulky in volume and therefore can not be used everywhere. Yet another additional disadvantage is that you always have to provide the walls of the opening or of the guides of the door also with a thermally expanding material. In the known fire-resistant doors there is always a certain amount of space between the wall and the gate. As a result, you must always attach a profile between the walls of the port to be closed, in which a thermally expanding material is attached. In the event of fire or heating, the foaming of this material should ensure that the space between the wall and the gate is closed.

From the DE 100 03 856 A1 a fire protection mat is known in which a thermally expanding material is added between two layers of fabric. A disadvantage of this embodiment is that the curtain in case of fire, an increased tensile load on the side guides can learn.

From the GB 2 389 310 A is a fire-resistant curtain known in which intumescent material between different layers of fabric is arranged. In case of fire, the following material will give off steam in the loops, so that the curtain is cooled. Even such a curtain can experience an increased tensile load on the lateral guides in case of fire.

The present invention aims to provide a solution to the above and other disadvantages. The invention solves the problem by a fire-retardant closure in the form of a curtain comprising at least two layers of fabric joined together to form an interior space, the interior space being partially filled with thermally expanding material. In other words, the closure is constructed in at least two layers and comprises at least two layers of fabric, which are joined together to form internal chambers.

One advantage is that such a degree is flexible and easy. An additional advantage is also that no motor has to be provided and that such a termination is thereby much less expensive. Another advantage is that such a degree can be kept very compact and used anywhere. Yet another advantage is that such a termination is easy to manufacture. An additional advantage is that such a conclusion by the obtained swelling of the thermally expanding material, has very good insulating properties.

The curtain can be rolled up or folded as desired, so that it can be lowered in a compact form above a gate or other openings in a wall or wall to the conclusion of the above opening and so in case of fire, a barrier against the overturning of the fire is formed by said opening.

In such a case, it may be advantageous for the curtain to extend between a wall portion at the top of the opening and at least one cable extending horizontally and equidistant with that wall portion when rolling. The cable is mounted at a certain distance from the wall piece, this distance being smaller than the thickness of the curtain in the expanded state.

An advantage of this is that if, in the event of a fire, the curtain swells due to heating, it is pressed tightly against the wall above the opening by the above-mentioned cable, whereby a secure seal is formed. This reduces the risk of the fire spreading.

Favorable is a fire-resistant finish, in which the height of the slats is greater than the distance between the chambers. It is also beneficial if the chambers and the slats cover each other. It is also advantageous if the slats are flexible. The fire-resistant finish can also be rolled up or foldable.

According to a preferred embodiment, the thermally expanding material is accommodated in loops, wherein at least a part of the loops is designed to release under heat effect. In this case, one of the at least two layers of fabric serve as a carrier on which the second layer of fabric is attached and thus forms the loops.

In the context of the present description, thermally expanding material is understood as meaning, in particular, intumescent material which inflates under the action of heat. The thermally expanding material is thus in particular such that it shows an irreversible increase in volume under the action of heat. Examples are expanded graphite or expanded mica.

Such thermally expanding or intumescent material can be present for example as solid granules. Alternatively or additionally, the thermally expanding material is present as a solid or as a paste. In particular, the paste may be applied to an inner side of the fabric facing the inner space.

A loop is understood in particular to mean any structure formed by a textile or a fabric, in particular a layer of fabric, which forms a cavity. It is possible, but not necessary, for a loop to be formed by a laterally bulging region of a panel. For example, it is also possible that a loop is formed by a tubular piece of cloth. The tubular piece of fabric can then be attached to a layer of fabric.

By the feature that at least a part of the loops is designed to dissolve under the action of heat, it is to be understood in particular that the heat emanating from a fire causes the loop to change its shape so that it opens with itself other loop connects to a common loop or dissolves completely. In particular, the feature that the loops dissolve partly under the action of heat means that a temperature of more than 140 ° C. leads to the consequences described above occurring.

An advantage of this is that existing in the loops, thermally expanding material expands in case of fire. Then, if the presence of the loop would hinder further expansion of the thermally expanding material, the loop will open, leaving more room for the thermally expanding material. Before thermal expansion, the material forms a thermal barrier against fire heat.

In particular, it is provided that the thermally expanding material prevents the loop interior, which is enclosed by the loop, from the effect of heat not completely filled out. However, it is also possible for the thermally expanding material to substantially completely fill the loop interior even before the action of heat. Under the influence of heat, a part of the loops can then dissolve, so that the thermally expanding material has additional space for its expansion.

Particularly preferably, the part of the loosening under heat loops is at least partially arranged so that the loops connect with loosening loops, so that a common loop is formed. For example, the loosening loops also contain thermally expanding material, but this is necessary. Due to the fact that these non-releasing loops combine with the releasing loops in case of fire under the action of heat, the thermally expanding material has sufficient space for its further expansion.

It is favorable if the loops which dissolve under the action of heat are produced by means of a sewing material which is at least partially not heat-resistant. This is understood to mean, in particular, that the suture melts at a temperature of above 140 ° C., decomposes, for example, or loses its fixing effect in another way. For example, the suture is made of polyester, which melts at the predetermined temperature, so that a loop holding the loop dissolves.

It is particularly advantageous if loops which dissolve under the action of heat and loops which do not dissolve under the action of heat are arranged in a regular pattern. Thus, it is possible that a fabric is fastened in, for example, vertically extending seams with looping on a second fabric. Non-destructible seams alternate with one, two, three or more destructible seams that dissolve when exposed to heat. The fire-resistant finish or the fire-resistant curtain is then relatively thin before its use. Once the curtain is in Fire is exploited, the thermally expanding material inflates and from two, three or more individual loops is formed by the heat dissolving dissolving seams a large loop that can be filled by the thermally rising material substantially completely. As a result, the curtain increases in thickness and a heat transfer from a side facing the fire of the curtain on a side facing away from the fire of the curtain is greatly reduced.

Preferably, at least one layer of fabric is formed as an insulating layer. Particularly preferably, the insulating layer is selected so that at a temperature difference between a fire in the insert facing fire side and a side facing away from the fire on the insulation layer, a larger temperature difference drops than over the thermally expanding material. This ensures that fire heat accumulates in the thermally expanding material and promotes the expansion of the material. In particular, the heat transfer coefficient of the insulating layer is smaller than the heat transfer coefficient of the thermally expanding material.

It is advantageous if the insulating layer comprises a nonwoven fabric. Nonwovens are flexible, lightweight and yet have a high insulation effect. It can be provided that the loops are formed by a layer of fabric which is attached to such a nonwoven fabric directly or via an intermediate layer. This results in a well rollable, thin and yet effective curtain.

It is also advantageous if the intumescent material is endothermic. This absorbs fire heat and reduces heat radiated by the curtain on the side away from the fire.

It is advantageous if the thermally expanding material is at least partially received in a wick. Under a wick is thereby understood an elongated textile structure which is so stable in itself that a sporadic fastening, for example at a distance of half a meter, As a result, the curtain may be inclined at 45 ° to the horizontal without significantly shifting the wick relative to the fabric. This prevents a crooked slope of the curtain from reducing its fire-fighting effect.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fire-resistant finish is a curtain which can be brought into a compact position arrangement in which the curtain is in particular rolled or folded, and an insert arrangement in which the closure protects an opening against a fire. The loops are arranged so that heat radiation emanating from the fire can pass from the fire side to the side of the curtain which faces away from the fire only through the thermally expanded material.

In other words, the thermally expanding material may be spread flat over the full side of the curtain. The thermally expanding material absorbs heat from the fire and thus protects objects on the side of the curtain away from the fire. Due to the fact that the heat radiation has to pass substantially completely through the thermally expanding material, a particularly high insulation effect of the curtain is achieved. In yet other words, the loops are arranged so that heat radiation emanating from the fire as it passes through the curtain is substantially completely absorbed by the thermally expanding material.

Thus, there is substantially no straight line of connection from a point on the fire side of the curtain facing the fire to a directly opposite point on the side of the curtain away from the fire which does not extend through thermally expanding material. It should be noted that it is not necessary for this requirement to be met 100% mathematically. So it is sufficient if essentially no such connecting lines exist. But it is tolerable, for example, if only at least 85 to 90% of the fire-facing surface with thermally expanding material are backed.

In order to increase the flexibility of the curtain, the intumescent material may be in the form of a pasty mass that is resistant to aging, so that the plastic-elastic properties are maintained over a life of the finish, for example over five years.

Preferably, chambers, subdivisions or tunnels are formed in the inner space.

Preferably, the tunnels are configured to expand when activated in the direction of the fire.

Preferably, the tunnels are formed by strips of fabric attached between and bonded to the at least two layers of fabric so as to form boundaries and separate the tunnels.

Preferably, the fabric strips, which are mounted between the fabric layers, parallel in the longitudinal or transverse direction of the curtain.

Preferably, the thermally expanding material is arranged serpentine in rib-shaped bags, which are interconnected in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the thermally expanding material is received in loops, wherein at least a part of the loops is designed for release under the action of heat.

Preferably, the part of the loops that dissolves under heat, at least partially arranged so that a common loop is formed.

Preferably, the loosening under heat loops are made by means of a suture, at least partially under the action of heat is not stable.

Preferably, at least one layer of fabric is formed as an insulating layer.

Preferably, the insulating layer has a higher insulating effect than the thermally expanding material.

Preferably, the insulating layer comprises a nonwoven fabric.

Preferably, the loops are formed by a layer of fabric, wherein the layer of fabric is attached to a second layer of fabric in the form of the nonwoven fabric.

Preferably, the thermally expanding material is endothermic.

Preferably, the thermally expanding material is in the form of a pasty mass that substantially retains its plastic-elastic properties over a life of the finish.

Preferably, the thermally expanding material is at least partially received in a wick, so that a horizontal slippage is reduced.

Preferably, the thermally expanding material is in the form of slats which extend over the curtain and are arranged in particular in the chambers.

According to the invention, an anti-fire device for sealing a wall or wall opening, wherein above the wall or wall opening a curtain according to the invention is mounted, wherein the curtain is on a roll and can be unrolled in case of danger in the opening, wherein the curtain between a fall on an upper side of the wall or wall opening and at least one cable extending horizontally and extends parallel to the camber at a distance from the camber less than the thickness of the curtain in the expanded state.

Figur 1

schematisch einen feuerhemmenden Abschluss im aufgerollten Zustand gemäß der Erfindung, der für das Verschließen einer Toröffnung verwendet wird,

Figur 2

schematisch einen feuerhemmenden Abschluss im abgerollten Zustand gemäß der Erfindung,

Figur 3

im vergrößerten Maßstab einen Querschnitt nach Maßgabe von Linie III-III in Figur 1, und

Figur 4

im vergrößerten Maßstab einen Querschnitt nach Maßgabe von Linie IV-IV in Figur 2.

Die Figuren 5a und 5b

zeigen eine alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Vorhangs, bei dem das thermisch expandierende Material in Schlaufen aufgenommen ist,

Figur 5c

zeigt den Vorhang gemäß der Figuren 5a und 5b nach einem thermischen Expandieren des Materials aufgrund einer Wärmeeinwirkung, die

Figuren 6a und 6b

zeigen eine weitere alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Vorhangs und die

Figuren 7 und 8

stellen weitere alternative Ausführungsformen erfindungsgemäßer Vorhänge dar.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. It shows

FIG. 1

1 schematically shows a rolled-up fire-retardant closure according to the invention used for closing a door opening;

FIG. 2

schematically shows a fire retardant finish in the unrolled state according to the invention,

FIG. 3

on an enlarged scale a cross-section according to line III-III in FIG. 1 , and

FIG. 4

on a larger scale, a cross-section according to line IV-IV in FIG. 2 ,

Figures 5a and 5b

show an alternative embodiment of a curtain according to the invention, in which the thermally expanding material is accommodated in loops,

FIG. 5c

shows the curtain according to the FIGS. 5a and 5b after a thermal expansion of the material due to a heat, the

Figures 6a and 6b

show a further alternative embodiment of a curtain according to the invention and the

FIGS. 7 and 8

represent further alternative embodiments of inventive curtains.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a fire retardant device according to the invention. The fire-retardant closure 1 is provided in this case for the closure of a door opening 2, the closure 1 a Curtain 3 is attached to the top of a wall 4, which in turn limits the mentioned gate opening 2 at the top. At the side edges of the opening 2 guides 6 are attached, whereupon the curtain can slide in the event of a fire along.

It is clear that the above-mentioned curtain 3 can be used for the same type of opening 2 or passage in a wall 4 or a building.

The curtain 3 has a width that is at least equal to the width of the passage 2 to be closed, and a length in which it is rolled up or folded. In this way, the curtain 3 can be stored compactly above the opening 2 to be closed.

The curtain 3 comprises two layers of fabric 7, 8, which are made of fire-resistant material.

Such a layer of a curtain 3 may for example be made of a fiberglass cloth that can withstand a temperature of at least 500 ° C, depending on your needs you use a fiberglass cloth, which can withstand even temperatures of 600 ° C.

The two layers of fabric 7, 8 of the curtain 3 are connected to each other, so that internal chambers 9 are formed, and in FIG. 2 is reproduced. These internal chambers 9 form compartments or tunnels 10. Preferably, the internal chambers 9 are designed as tunnels 10 which extend in the direction of the fire.

These tunnels 10 are formed by cloth strips 11 which are placed between the two fabric layers 7, 8 and which are connected to the two layers 7, 8 by adhesive or the like and thus form partitions 12 separating the tunnels 10 from each other.

These strips 11 can be made of the same material as the fabric layers 7, 8, between which they form connections. But they can also be made of a different fire-resistant material.

The tunnels 10 are partially filled with a thermally expanding material 13, so that they are initially only partially filled and in the case of a fire or heating, the expansion of the expanding material is made possible. These tunnels ensure that the thermally expanding material stays in place and the curtain is held together.

In the embodiment according to the FIGS. 1 and 2 For example, the expanding material 13, such as slats 14, may be slid into the tunnels 10 along the side edges 15 of the curtain and extend mainly toward the surface of the curtain 3, in other words between the partitions 12 extend the curtain 3. These slats 14 may be made of a rigid material to give the curtain 3 a greater rigidity against curvature, or may be made of a flexible material, in which case, for example, the slats 14 are made of a mixture of graphite and latex.

Depending on the benefits, the height of these slats 14 is greater than the distance between the partitions 12 in the curtain 3, whereby the slats 14 and the partitions 12 overlap and the curtain 3 is less thick when rolled up and therefore the whole thing can be stowed more compact ,

The process is part of a fire retardant device 16, which is also provided with at least one, in this case, two cables 17. The cables 17, which correspond horizontally and in the width of the width of the wall piece 4, extend at a certain distance from the wall, this distance being smaller than the thickness of the curtain 3 in the expanded state.

The operation of this fire retardant conclusion is out FIG. 1 visible and works as follows. Under normal circumstances, in other words, if it does not burn, the curtain 3 is rolled up at the top 5 of the opening 2.

But if somehow a fire is detected, the curtain 3 is rolled over the door opening 2, wherein this movement of the curtain 3 is guided by the guides 6. The unwinding can either be triggered automatically, for example by activating a smoke detector, or it is executed manually.

As a result of the fire, the curtain and the expanding material 13 processed therein are subjected to an increase in temperature, whereby the expanding material 13, depending on the type of material, swells above a certain temperature.

As a result of the spreading, the tunnels 10 are partially or completely filled with the expanding material 13, the material 13 expanding both in the thickness of the curtain 3 and in height, whereby an airtight and heat-resistant finish is produced, which promotes the propagation of flames and to prevent hot gases and also to prevent that an air flow is created, which could stoke the fire.

Characterized in that the curtain 3 swells locally on the cable 17 to the top 5 of the opening 2, the curtain 3 is between the cable 17 and the wall 4, which closes the door opening 2 at the top 5, clamp. This prevents any flashover of flames and gases at this point.

In an alternative embodiment, the curtain 3 can additionally be provided on the underside with flaps which prevent hot gases from flowing through at the bottom of the passage 2 as well.

In a further alternative embodiment, instead of the said slats 14, the tunnels 10 may for example be provided with a row of sacks filled with the expanding material 13 and connected longitudinally with each other and snakes or rows of "sausages "that can easily be pushed into the tunnels 10. These bags may be filled, for example, with graphite grains, which are effective already from about 140 ° C and inflate.

In this case, additional reinforcing slats may be installed in the tunnels 10.

In an alternative embodiment, the tunnels 10 may be partially filled with one or more sodium silicates, but not in combination with graphite. These sodium silicates are effective already from 90-100 ° C and puff up.

In an alternative embodiment, the strips 11 forming the dividing walls 12 may be made of a different refractory material than the two layers of fabric 7, 8 of the curtain 3.

FIG. 5a shows an alternative embodiment of a curtain 3 with the first layer of fabric 7 and the plane-parallel thereto extending fabric 8. Between two layers of fabric 7, 8 adjacent to each other loops 18.1, 18.2, ... formed from a chamber textile 19. For this purpose, the chamber textile 19 in seams 20.1, 20.2, ... sewn so that the loops 18 form. Reference numerals without counting suffix hereinafter refer to the object as such. For example, the loop 18.1 is limited by the seams 20.1 and 20.2. The seams 20 are made of suture that is not resistant to heat. In the present case, the seams 20 are made by means of polyester threads, which melt above a temperature of T = 140 ° C and lose their strength.

The loops 18 include a loop interior that is filled to more than 80% with the thermally expanding material 13. Between the first layer of fabric 7 and the second layer of fabric 8, the fabric strip 11 is arranged, which is attached to the layers 7 and 8 with heat-resistant suture. The curtain 3 has a plurality of fabric strips 11.1, 11.2,..., Wherein a plurality of loops 18 are arranged between each two fabric strips.

FIG. 5b shows the curtain according to FIG. 5a in a cross section. It can be seen that a thickness D of the curtain 3 is a fraction, for example less than half, of a width of the fabric strips 11.

FIG. 5c shows the curtain 3 according to the FIGS. 5a and 5b after exposure to heat, wherein the temperature has for example been above T = 200 ° C. It can be seen that the thermally expanding material 13 has significantly inflated. The seams 20 (see. FIG. 5b ) have dissolved due to the effect of heat, so that the chamber textile 19 forms a large loop 21 which is filled with inflated material 13. Due to the volume increase of the material 13, the fabric strips 11 are stretched, whereas in the in FIGS. 5a and 5b sag shown positions between the layers 7 and 8 sag. The thickness D of the curtain has more than doubled.

The FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c show that all connecting lines L between a first point P1 on a fire side facing the fire 22 and an opposite point P ₂ on a side facing away from the fire 23 by thermally expanding material 13 extends. From a fire on the fire side 22 outgoing heat radiation can therefore reach only by the thermally expanding material 13 on the side facing away from the fire 23 of the curtain 3. This has the advantage that the curtain 3 has a particularly high thermal insulation effect.

FIG. 6a shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a curtain according to the invention 3. In the embodiment shown there are between the layer of fabric 7 and the layer of fabric 8, the loops 18.1, 18.2, ..., arranged. In this case, heat-resistant seams 24.1, 24.2, 24.3 made of heat-resistant suture, whereas seams 25.1, 25.2, 25.3 and 25.4, which are arranged between the two heat-resistant seams 24.1 and 24.2, made of suture, which is not resistant to heat. As a result, the loops 18.3., 18.5, 28.7, 18.9 and 18.11 release under the action of heat above a predetermined release temperature and connect to one another, so that a common loop 26 (FIG. FIG. 6b ) is formed, which receives the then expanded material 13.

On the layer 7 in the present case offset by half a radius, the same loop structure as attached to the layer 8, so that the bulges of the loops of one layer engage in the constrictions of the course of the other layer and a particularly thin curtain 3 results.

After exposure to heat, the number of loops has been reduced to a fraction of the originally existing loops, for example to a quarter or a fifth.

In the embodiment according to the Figures 6a and 6b Between four heat-resistant seams 24 made of heat-resistant suture, four heat-resistant seams of non-heat-resistant suture material are arranged. But it is also possible that 1, 2, 3, 5 or more seams are arranged under heat not resistant suture between two heat-resistant seams.

FIG. 6a shows that each connecting line L between a first point P ₁ on the fire side of the curtain and a point P ₂ on the side facing away from the fire 23 of the curtain always by thermally expanding Material 13 runs. The loops 18 are substantially horizontal, so that the material does not sag and the curtain 3 is easy to wind up.

FIG. 7 shows a further alternative embodiment of a curtain 3 according to the invention, the six layers of fabric 7, 8, 27, 28, 29, 30 comprises. The first layer 7 is attached to the second layer 8 so that the loops 18 form. The layer 8 is formed as an insulating layer and consists of a nonwoven fabric. For stabilization, the layer 27 is attached to the layer 8. The layers 28, 29 and 30 are constructed opposite to the layers 7, 8 and 27. The loops that make up the layer 7 at the layer 8 are offset from the loops forming the layer 28 at the layer 29 so that bulges engage in respective constrictions on the opposite side.

FIG. 8 shows a particularly simple embodiment of a curtain 3 according to the invention, in which the first layer of fabric 7 is connected to the second layer of fabric 8 to form internal spaces in the form of loops 18.1, 18.2, .... In the loops 18, the thermally expanding material 13 is arranged.

Claims (15)

Fire-resistant finish in the form of a curtain (3), the (a) comprises at least two layers of fabric (7, 8) joined together to form an inner space (9, 10, 18), (b) said inner space (9, 10, 18) being partially filled with thermally expanding material (13),
characterized in that (C) that stiffening strips (14) are present, wherein the thermally expanding material (13) in the form of strips (14) is formed, which extend over the curtain (3). Fire-resistant closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the slats (14) are arranged in the chambers (9). Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - The curtain has partitions (12) and - The height of the slats (14) is greater than the distance between partitions (12) in the curtain (3) and the slats (14) and the partitions (12) overlap. Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermally expanding material (13) is intumescent. Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner space (9, 10, 18) allows expansion of the expanding material (13) in the event of heating or fire. Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that chambers (9), subdivisions or tunnels (10) are formed in the inner space. Fire-resistant closure according to claim 6, characterized in that the slats (14) are pushed along the side edges (15) of the curtain (3) into the tunnels (10). Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slats are made of a rigid material in order to give the curtain (3) greater rigidity. Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the slats are made of a flexible material, in particular of a mixture of graphite and latex. Fire-resistant closure according to claim 6, characterized in that the tunnels (10) are designed to expand when activated in the direction of the fire. Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tunnels (10) are formed by strips of cloth (11) which are attached between and connected to the at least two layers of fabric (7, 8) and thus form the tunnels ( 10) separate from each other. Fire-resistant closure, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermally expanding material (13) is arranged serpentine in rib-shaped bags, which are connected to one another in the longitudinal direction (L). Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermally expanding material (13) is endothermic. A fire-resistant finish according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermally expanding material (13) is in the form of a pasty mass which substantially retains its plastic-elastic properties over a life of the finish. Fire-resistant closure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermally expanding material (13) is at least partially received in a wick, so that a horizontal slippage is reduced.

Images