EP2492019B1 - Distributeur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2492019B1
EP2492019B1 EP12169520.9A EP12169520A EP2492019B1 EP 2492019 B1 EP2492019 B1 EP 2492019B1 EP 12169520 A EP12169520 A EP 12169520A EP 2492019 B1 EP2492019 B1 EP 2492019B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cap
outer housing
pull
locked state
locking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12169520.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2492019A1 (fr
Inventor
Judith Auerbach
Thomas Eberhard
Wilfried Graf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Original Assignee
Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aptar Radolfzell GmbH filed Critical Aptar Radolfzell GmbH
Publication of EP2492019A1 publication Critical patent/EP2492019A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2492019B1 publication Critical patent/EP2492019B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0027—Means for neutralising the actuation of the sprayer ; Means for preventing access to the sprayer actuation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0037—Containers
    • B05B11/0038—Inner container disposed in an outer shell or outer casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1059—Means for locking a pump or its actuation means in a fixed position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/109—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring
    • B05B11/1091—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring being first hold in a loaded state by locking means or the like, then released
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0027—Means for neutralising the actuation of the sprayer ; Means for preventing access to the sprayer actuation means
    • B05B11/0032—Manually actuated means located downstream the discharge nozzle for closing or covering it, e.g. shutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0059—Components or details allowing operation in any orientation, e.g. for discharge in inverted position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge device for discharging in particular pharmaceutical liquids with an outer housing surrounding a housing, a liquid reservoir, a discharge opening, a conveyor for conveying liquid from the liquid storage to the discharge, a cap which covers the discharge opening in a patch on the outer housing protective position and an actuating handle for actuating the conveyor, which is displaceable relative to the outer housing between an unactuated relative position and an actuated relative position.
  • the cap and the actuating handle cooperate in such a way that a displacement of the actuating handle is mechanically blocked as long as the cap is arranged in its protective position.
  • a generic discharge device is for example from the EP 1 051 262 B1 known.
  • the discharge device shown and described there comprises two extensions on a cap which extend through recesses of an outer housing of the discharge device into it and in the attached state of the cap block a displacement of the actuating handle at least to the extent that no complete discharge process is possible.
  • a dispenser is known, on whose cap an extension is provided, which is used to cause a tensioning of a spring for a subsequent discharge operation when placing the cap on the dispenser.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop a generic discharge device that this provides a safer protection against misuse by children and / or allows a more flexible use of cap types.
  • this is achieved in that in a generic discharge on the cap a plurality of extending in a peeling direction of the cap locking extensions are provided which extend in the protective position of the cap by a recess in the outer housing to the interior of the blocking of the mechanical handle cause.
  • the locking extensions are adapted to the recess, starting from the protective position, a complete separation of the cap from the outer casing in the peeling direction is only possible if previously the cap relative to the outer housing relative to an orthogonal plane, which is aligned orthogonal to the peeling, from one of Guard position corresponding blocking position has been moved to a release position.
  • the locking extensions are each adapted to the associated recesses, that by turning the cap about a parallel to the withdrawal axis of rotation all the locking extensions relative to the respective recesses from their locking position are displaced into their release position.
  • This design of the invention can thus the design of the aforementioned EP 1 051 262 B1 resemble.
  • a removal of the cap by peeling in a preferably the main extension direction of the discharge corresponding stripping direction is not possible without in the course of a displacement transverse to the peeling perform.
  • the cap and with it the barrier extension first translationally in a parallel to the orthogonal plane direction must be moved to allow only subsequently a decrease in stripping direction.
  • the displacement of the cap parallel to the orthogonal plane is understood to mean a displacement in which, in a non-destructive manner, at least all cap parts which are accessible from the outside are displaced together and to the same extent as a whole. However, it may be provided that cap parts which protrude into the outer housing of the discharge device are displaced by deflection to a lesser extent. This will be explained below.
  • the barrier extensions according to the invention assume a dual function according to the invention. They serve each one according to the EP 1 051 262 B1 the blocking of the actuating handle. On the other hand, they are each adapted to the recess such that the removal of the cap from the outer housing requires a difficult to survey children complex movement sequence.
  • the conveyor of a discharge device is preferably designed as a pump, which has a pumping chamber, the content of which can be pressurized by a force applied to the actuating handle.
  • the displacement of the actuating handle by the manual application of force is preferably carried out against the force of a return spring.
  • the conveyor and the return spring may be part of a pump dispenser inserted in the discharge device.
  • the locking extensions each having a main portion which is in the blocking position of the cap in the withdrawal direction aligned with the recess, and attached to the locking extension, preferably integrally formed, undercut portion which in the blocking position of the cap on the removal direction not aligned with the recess.
  • an undercut section is provided, which together with the outer housing or fixed sections forms an undercut which precludes the mere removal of the cap in the withdrawal direction without movement of the cap in the orthogonal plane. Only when the undercut paragraph is aligned with the recess, a removal of the cap is possible.
  • a Kraftbeaufschlagungssch is provided, in particular a resilient Kraftbeaufschlagungsstoff, which exerts a displacement of the cap from the locking position in the release position opposite counterforce on the cap.
  • This in particular prevents the cap from becoming self-acting, i. For example, by acting on the entire discharge device forces in the movement of the discharge, relocated to their release position and then to open in a simple way even by a child.
  • Such drag is a serious obstacle for a toddler to remove the cap from the outer housing.
  • the force-applying means is provided as an elastically deflectable web which is attached either to the outer housing or stationary thereto or else to the cap. It is particularly advantageous if the force application means is provided as elastically deflectable web on a locking extension of the cap. This deflectable web is elastically deflected in a displacement of the cap from the locking position in the release position, in particular by a stationary outer housing to the opposite section. However, it is also conceivable that the stationary attached counter section is elastically imaginable. Such a design with an elastically deflectable web is particularly easy to produce, since it requires no separate components for this.
  • This can be achieved for example by the shape of the locking extensions or else by other form-fitting a displacement counteracting portions of the cap on the one hand and the outer housing on the other.
  • Advantage of this design is that it is particularly difficult for a child, especially a toddler to see through, when a cap in three different phases of motion must first be moved while retaining their blocking position in stripping, then spent in the orthogonal plane in the release position before a continued shift in withdrawal direction is possible.
  • the cap has to be moved relative to the outer housing by at least 2 mm, preferably by at least 4 mm, while maintaining the blocking position, in order subsequently to be movable in the orthogonal plane and thus brought into the release position. Since the lifting of the cap by the mentioned 2 mm or 4 mm already leads to a limited mobility of the actuating handle relative to the outer housing, it is considered preferable if this displacement distance is dimensioned such that a displacement of the actuating handle from its unactuated state by this distance still does not cause a discharge process.
  • a plurality of locking extensions are provided on the cap, which is associated with a respective recess on the outer housing. It is provided that the locking projections are each adapted to the associated recesses, that all locking extensions relative to the respective recesses from their locked position are in their release position displaced by turning the cap about a parallel to the withdrawal axis of rotation.
  • Such a design can be achieved, for example, in that undercut sections on the locking extensions extend in the opposite direction in the case of two locking projections which are arranged on opposite sides of the discharge opening on the cap.
  • a rotational movement for the transfer of the cap from the locking position in the release position at the same time for all undercut sections that they are aligned with the respective recesses, so that the removal of the cap is then possible.
  • a rotational movement is above all advantageous because it can be done in the same direction, preferably viewed from the cap in a clockwise direction, regardless of how a patient keeps the discharge straight.
  • the Fig. 1 and 2a to 2d show an embodiment of a discharge device according to the invention. First, this is based on the representations of the Fig. 1 and 2a the basic structure of the embodiment of the discharge clarifies.
  • the discharge device has a housing 110 in which an actuating portion 130 is slidably mounted in the direction of the arrow 102a. Furthermore, the housing 110 has a discharge opening 120, which can be connected to a media store 152 via a connecting channel 118.
  • the promotion is carried out by the liquid storage 152 is displaced by the actuating portion 130 and with the interposition of an intermediate piece 160 in the direction of arrow 102a upward, whereby thereby a stationary to the discharge opening 120 provided hollow needle pierces through a plug 158 of the liquid storage 152 and with continued displacement of the Liquid storage 152 of the plug 158 reduces the volume of the liquid storage reduced 152 and thereby causes the discharge process through the discharge port 120.
  • the discharge of the Fig. 1 and 2a to 2d has a cap 170 which is adapted to cooperate with the actuating portion 130 such that when the protective cap 170 is in its mounted protective position, a discharge operation can not be effected.
  • two locking extensions 172 are attached to the cap 170, to each of which corresponding recesses 122 are provided on the housing 110.
  • Fig. 2a the recess defining portions of the housing are shown highlighted in the left side view. These locking projections extend with their lower end to the actuating handle 130 and thus hinder a displacement of the actuating handle in the state of Fig. 2a , in which the cap is arranged in its protective position.
  • the locking extensions 172 have a main portion 174 whose width is not greater than the width of the recesses 122 and which is attached to the cap 170 so that it is in the protective position of the cap with the respectively associated Recess 122 in the housing 110 is aligned.
  • a recess 174a is laterally provided. Due to the eccentric arrangement of this recess 174a, it divides the main section 174 into a main bar 174b, which is barely deformable due to its width, and a narrow spring bar 174c.
  • an undercut portion 176 is laterally formed, which is not aligned in the protective position of the cap 170 on the housing 110 with the corresponding recess 122, as will be explained below.
  • both barrier extensions 172 are designed according to the above description. However, they are each aligned with respect to a main axis 101 so that in a plan view, the undercut portions 176 each rise in the counterclockwise direction over the main sections.
  • An additional safeguard against removal of the cap 170 is provided by mirror-image mounted lateral recesses 124 on the housing 110, in which protrude with the cap 170 attached to the cap 170 and inwardly facing projections 178 protrude.
  • the extensions 178 can be moved out of the depressions 124 by pressing the short sides 170a of the cap 170 toward each other, so that the long sides 170b and thus also the projections 178 escape outward.
  • the Fig. 2a to 2d illustrate the aggravation caused by the locking projections 172 when removing the cap 170, which prevents children, especially infants, from being able to deduct the cap successfully.
  • Fig. 2a shows a starting position in which the cap 170 is in its mounted protective position on the housing 110. An immediate removal of the cap 170 from this starting position in the direction of the arrow 2a is not possible because the undercut portion 176 rests in this state on a housing-fixed portion 122a at the edge of the recess 122.
  • a removal of the cap 170 is only possible if the undercut portions 176 were displaced transversely to the stripping 102a relative to the housing-fixed portion 122a in the direction of the arrow 106a.
  • the cap 170 is rotated substantially as a whole in a clockwise direction about the main axis 101.
  • the extensions 178 move on the cap 170 within the recesses 124 of the housing, but do not leave the recesses 124 in the process.

Landscapes

  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Distributeur pour la distribution de liquides, comportant
    - un boîtier extérieur (110) entourant un espace intérieur,
    - un réservoir de liquide (152),
    - un orifice de distribution (120),
    - un dispositif de transport pour le transport de liquide depuis le réservoir de liquide (152) jusqu'à l'orifice de distribution (120),
    - un capuchon (170) qui, dans une position de protection posée sur le boîtier extérieur (110), recouvre l'orifice de distribution (120), et
    - une manette d'actionnement (130) pour l'actionnement du dispositif de transport, qui est déplaçable par rapport au boîtier extérieur (110) entre une position relative non actionnée et une position relative actionnée,
    dans lequel
    - le capuchon (170) et la manette d'actionnement (130) coopèrent de telle manière qu'un déplacement de la manette d'actionnement (130) soit mécaniquement bloqué, lorsque le capuchon (170) est disposé dans sa position de protection,
    dans lequel il est prévu sur le capuchon (170) plusieurs prolongements d'arrêt (172) orientés dans une direction d'enlèvement (102a) du capuchon (170), qui s'étendent respectivement, dans la position de protection du capuchon (170), à travers un évidement (122) dans le boîtier extérieur (110), afin de causer dans l'espace intérieur le blocage de la manette mécanique (130), caractérisé en ce que les prolongements d'arrêt (172) sont adaptés aux évidements (122) de telle manière que, partant de la position de protection, une séparation complète du capuchon (170) et du boîtier extérieur (110) dans la direction d'enlèvement (102a) ne soit possible que lorsque le capuchon (170) a préalablement été déplacé relativement au boîtier extérieur (110), par rapport à un plan orthogonal qui est orthogonal à la direction d'enlèvement (102a), d'une position d'arrêt correspondant à la position de protection à une position de libération, et dans lequel les prolongements d'arrêt (172) sont respectivement adaptés aux évidements associés (122) d'une manière telle que, par rotation du capuchon (170) autour d'un axe de rotation (101) parallèle à la direction d'enlèvement (102a), tous les prolongements d'arrêt (172) soient déplaçables par rapport aux évidements (122) de leur position d'arrêt à leur position de libération.
  2. Distributeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    - les prolongements d'arrêt (172) présentent chacun une partie principale (174) qui, dans la position d'arrêt du capuchon (170), est en alignement avec l'évidement associé (122) par rapport à la direction d'enlèvement (102a), et
    - il est prévu sur le prolongement d'arrêt respectif (172) une partie en contre-dépouille (176) qui, dans la position d'arrêt du capuchon (170), n'est pas en alignement avec l'évidement associé (122) par rapport à la direction d'enlèvement (102a).
  3. Distributeur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un moyen d'application de force (174c), en particulier un moyen d'application de force élastique à ressort (174c), qui exerce sur le capuchon (170) une force antagoniste s'opposant à un déplacement du capuchon (170) de la position d'arrêt à la position de libération.
  4. Distributeur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'application de force (174c) est prévu sous forme de nervure élastiquement écartable (174c) sur le capuchon (170), en particulier sur le prolongement d'arrêt (172) du capuchon (170), qui est écartée élastiquement par une partie opposée (122b) fixe par rapport au boîtier extérieur (110) lors du déplacement du capuchon (170) de la position d'arrêt à la position de libération.
  5. Distributeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capuchon (170) et le boîtier extérieur (110) sont adaptés l'un à l'autre de telle manière qu'un déplacement du capuchon (170) de la position d'arrêt à la position de libération ne soit possible que lorsque le capuchon (170) a d'abord été déplacé dans la direction d'enlèvement (102a) en partant de la position de protection.
EP12169520.9A 2009-10-13 2010-09-29 Distributeur Active EP2492019B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009049903A DE102009049903B4 (de) 2009-10-13 2009-10-13 Austragvorrichtung
EP10011453.7A EP2311575B1 (fr) 2009-10-13 2010-09-29 Distributeur

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10011453.7A Division EP2311575B1 (fr) 2009-10-13 2010-09-29 Distributeur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2492019A1 EP2492019A1 (fr) 2012-08-29
EP2492019B1 true EP2492019B1 (fr) 2015-08-19

Family

ID=43302277

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12169520.9A Active EP2492019B1 (fr) 2009-10-13 2010-09-29 Distributeur
EP10011453.7A Active EP2311575B1 (fr) 2009-10-13 2010-09-29 Distributeur

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10011453.7A Active EP2311575B1 (fr) 2009-10-13 2010-09-29 Distributeur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US8857668B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2492019B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009049903B4 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012218434A1 (de) 2012-10-10 2014-04-24 Aptar Radolfzell Gmbh Spender mit Kindersicherung
US9888816B1 (en) * 2015-07-08 2018-02-13 Kashif Shaukat Wearable fluid-dispensing apparatus
FR3050984B1 (fr) * 2016-05-04 2020-05-15 Aptar France Sas Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide.
CN113015544B (zh) * 2018-10-30 2023-02-28 Bsh家用电器有限公司 香料筒
EP4166174A1 (fr) * 2021-10-15 2023-04-19 Aptar Radolfzell GmbH Distributeur de liquide

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2847139A (en) * 1954-08-19 1958-08-12 Christiansson Bror Gunnar Screw cap
US3405843A (en) * 1966-11-23 1968-10-15 Cornelius B. Watson Jr. Container-dispenser for collapsible tubes
FR2682305B1 (fr) * 1991-10-11 1993-12-24 Valois Dispositif de pulverisation ou de distribution d'une substance fluide, a actionnement mecanique.
US5462181A (en) * 1993-08-30 1995-10-31 Ideal Ideas, Inc. Child resistant overcap with safety collar
DE19753147A1 (de) * 1997-11-29 1999-06-02 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Spender mit manuell betätigbarer Ausbringeinrichtung
DE19905461B4 (de) 1999-02-10 2006-06-14 Rag Ag Meßeinrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Erfassung der Kettenzugkräfte im Kettenband eines Kettenkratzförderers
WO2000047332A1 (fr) * 1999-02-14 2000-08-17 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Distributeur pour milieux coulants
DE19905993A1 (de) * 1999-02-14 2000-08-17 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für fließfähige Medien
DE10032976A1 (de) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Austragvorrichtung für Medien
SE0003666D0 (sv) * 2000-10-11 2000-10-11 Astrazeneca Ab A delivery device
GB0402693D0 (en) * 2004-02-06 2004-03-10 Glaxo Group Ltd A fluid dispenser
FR2882349B1 (fr) * 2005-02-21 2007-05-25 Tebro Sa Luxembourgeoise Tete de distribution de produit fluide.
US7726520B2 (en) * 2005-12-22 2010-06-01 Innopak Inc. Metered dispenser with feed-containing piston drive mechanism
DE102007016503A1 (de) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Austragvorrichtung für Medien
DE102008027147A1 (de) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-03 Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh Austragvorrichtung für Medien
GB201017662D0 (en) * 2009-12-23 2010-12-01 Leafgreen Ltd Small manual fluid trigger dispenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009049903B4 (de) 2013-01-10
EP2311575A2 (fr) 2011-04-20
EP2311575A3 (fr) 2011-12-21
EP2492019A1 (fr) 2012-08-29
US20110088692A1 (en) 2011-04-21
US20140374445A1 (en) 2014-12-25
EP2311575B1 (fr) 2013-12-25
US8857668B2 (en) 2014-10-14
DE102009049903A1 (de) 2011-04-21
US9475074B2 (en) 2016-10-25

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