Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F7/00—Ventilation
  • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
  • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation

Definitions

• the invention refers to a method and system for ventilating a building, which building is provided with a ventilation unit which is arranged for exchanging the air inside and outside the building.
• a ventilation unit which is arranged for exchanging the air inside and outside the building.
• the ventilation unit may be constituted by a heat recovery ventilation unit comprising means for forced air movement from the outside to the inside and means for forced air movement from the inside of the building to the outside.
• Ducts are provided, leading to the various individual rooms in the building, for guiding fresh and exhaust air between the ventilation unit and the individual rooms.
• An example of such prior art system has been shown in figure 1.
• the invention contemplates providing an improved method for ventilating a building to at least overcome said problem.
• a ventilation unit mainly in the top area of the building, arranged for exchanging the air inside and outside the building;
• a central room e.g. a stairwell or hall, via which several other rooms can be entered via inner doors;
• the invention is based on the understanding that stairwells, halls etc., besides their conventional function for offering, as a central room, access to other rooms at the same floor or at different floors, can additionally be used -as a multipurpose room- for the transportation of fresh air, fed to that central room by the central ventilation unit.
• the central room extends throughout the building from the ground floor to about the roof or the attic, there is no need for a fresh air supply duct, as the function of fresh supply duct is taken over by the central room, extending between the
• the inner doors and/or separation wall may be provided with ventilation means, e.g. small fans or a combination of small fans and ventilation openings to force air to flow into or out of the relevant room from or to the central room, and extract the surplus of the return air through a fan or through a passive opening in the door and/or separation wall.
• ventilation means e.g. small fans or a combination of small fans and ventilation openings to force air to flow into or out of the relevant room from or to the central room, and extract the surplus of the return air through a fan or through a passive opening in the door and/or separation wall.
• the ventilation means comprise a fan that is adapted to be mechanically and/or electrically driven.
• the ventilation means may comprise a mixing fan that is adapted to mix air from the central room and the respective rooms that can be entered via the inner doors provided with said mixing fans.
• a further advantage of the use of said mixing fans is that air pressure differences inside the building can be minimized. Consequently, leakage of air through apertures in the building envelope remains as small as possible.
• building envelope throughout this application is construed as the separation between the interior and the exterior environments of a building. It serves as the outer shell to protect the indoor environment as well as to facilitate its climate control.
• an inner door may comprise next to the ventilation means such as a fan, a further ventilation means, for instance a further fan or a passive opening.
• a further ventilation means for instance a further fan or a passive opening.
• a passive opening may for instance be a slit between the inner door and the floor below said inner door. Because in bedrooms the air flows are relatively small, a passive opening may suffice.
• two fans may be provided to actively force the first and second air flows in the predetermined directions.
• the first air flow from the central room to the other room and the second air flow, the return flow, from the other room back into the central room.
• the first air flow and the second air flow may pass the inner door at different locations.
• the first air may enter the other room via an upper passage provided in the inner door and the second air flow leaving the other room may enter the central room via a lower passage provided in the inner door. Due to the fan provided in the inner door, for instance at an upper side thereof, the air entering the other room may be blown into said room over a larger distance than the distance over which air is extracted out of said room via the further fan or the passive opening, for instance provided at a lower side of the door. Consequently, air that enters the room will not leave the room directly. The air is able to mix with air already available in said room before the surplus will leave the room again.
• the location of passage of the respective first and second air flows may be exchanged. For instance, by providing the ventilation means in the inner door with valves, the flow direction may be reversed. Due the possibility to actively determine the flow directions and the locations of passage of said first and second air flows, the system may help to control the temperature inside the other room.
• the warm air may leave the other room at the upper passage and fresh air may enter the room at the lower passage.
• the other room is slightly cold, during warming said room fresh air may enter the other room via the upper passage and thus relatively cold air may leave the other room via the lower passage.
• Such means may comprise a control that is adapted to control at least one ventilation means provided in the inner doors.
• the control may further be arranged to control the ventilation unit in the top area of the building such that the air flow entering the building may be adapted to the demanded air flows over the inner doors.
• the ventilation means in the inner doors - or the inner doors themselves - may include filter means for filtering the air moved from the central room to the relevant other rooms and/or vice versa.
• filter means for filtering the air moved from the central room to the relevant other rooms and/or vice versa.
• Figure 1 shows an example of a prior art ventilation system
• Figure 2 shows a first configuration of a building ventilation system according to the invention.
• Figure 2b shows a second configuration of a building ventilation system according to the invention.
• Figure 1 shows an example of a prior art ventilation system, comprising an air to air heat recovery ventilation unit 1, which is connected to two duct systems, viz. a duct system 2 for collecting and transporting exhaust air from more or less temporarily damp rooms like the kitchen, toilet and bathroom, via the unit 1 to the outside, as well a duct system 3 arranged for distributing fresh air in living rooms and bedrooms etc.
• a duct system 3 may cause (health) problems due to contamination at the inside of the duct, which can hardly be removed effectively.
• the described prior art system is a so-called balanced mechanical ventilation system.
• Other prior art systems comprise a system with natural air supply and mechanical air extraction, a system with mechanical air supply and natural air extraction and an entirely natural ventilation system without mechanical intervention.
• FIG 2 schematically shows a first configuration of building ventilation system according to the invention, including a ventilation unit 4 mainly in the top area of the building, arranged for exchanging the air inside and outside the building.
• the unit 4 may be similar to the unit 1 in the prior art configuration shown in figure 1.
• a duct system 5 is provided for exhausting air from the kitchen, toilet and bathroom.
• the duct system may be similar to the duct system 2 in figure 1.
• a central room 6, e.g. an (existing or adapted) stairwell or hall, is used to transport fresh air, supplied via the ventilation unit 4 towards other rooms surrounding (or connected to) the central room 6, in particular living rooms and bedrooms, which can be entered via inner doors 7 between those rooms and the central room 6.
• Ventilation means formed by small low power and quiet fans 8 in the inner doors 7 are provided to enable air to move from the central room 6 to the relevant other room or vice versa.
• the surplus return flow may need a fan or a passive ventilation opening 9 in the door and/or the separation wall in dependence of the kind of other room to be ventilated.
• the fan 8 may be provided adjacent an upper side of the inner door 7 and a further fan (not shown) or the passive ventilation opening may be provided at a lower side of the inner door. As is clearly visible in figure 2, a first air flow from the central room 6 may be forced into the other room
• the door 7 between the central room 6 and the living room comprises two fans 8, one arranged near the upper side of the inner door 7 and adapted to supply air to the living room and one arranged near the lower side of the inner door 7 provided to actively force the return flow back into the central room 6.
• the door 7 between the central room 6 and the bedroom (room above the living room) comprises a fan 8 adjacent the upper side of the inner door 7 to supply air to the bedroom and a ventilation opening 9 adjacent the lower side of the door such that the surplus flow may leave the bedroom and return to the central room 6.
• the configuration of the ventilation system that is shown in Figure 2 is particularly suitable to ventilate the building when the outer temperature is relatively low, for instance during the winter. Relatively cold air is supplied to the other room via the upper fan 8 such that relatively warm air available in said other room will not leave the room upon supply of fresh air. Relatively cold air will leave the other room via the second fan 8, in case of the living room, or via the passive opening 9, in case of the bedroom.
• the configuration of the system according to the invention may be slightly different, as shown in Figure 28.
• the flow direction of the respective fans 8 (indicated with arrows) is opposite of the flow direction of the respective fans 8 as shown in Figure 2.
• This configuration may be desired in case the outer temperature may be relatively high, for instance during summer.
• the air When supplying fresh air from the central room to the other rooms, such as the living room or the bedroom, the air enters the other room adjacent the lower side of the inner door 7 and the surplus return flow leaves the other room via upper side of the inner door 7. Consequently, relatively warm air will leave the other room and the air inside the room will be of a relatively low temperature.
• the concentration of contamination inside the rooms adjacent the central room will be lower in comparison to the prior art system as described earlier and considerably lower compared to so called "leeward bedrooms" for ventilation systems with mechanical extract ventilation and ventilation systems with natural
• a control module 10 may be provided for setting indoor climate parameters, measuring climate variables and controlling the speed and/or direction of the inner door fans 8.
• the connections between the control module 10 and the fans 8 and the unit 4 may be wired or wireless.
• the inner doors 7 and/or fans 8 may be provided with sensors, providing that the individual fans only are energized at mainly closed inner doors and only at occupied and/or used rooms. In case the inner doors 7 are open, the ventilation between the central room and the other room is ensured. Consequently, no need to actively force air from the central room to the other room is necessary when the inner door is in an open position.
• numerous adaptations and modifications are possible. For instance, depending on the kind of building and the kind of room to be ventilated, a certain configuration of fans and passive openings may be provided in the inner door between said room and the central room. Furthermore, different kinds of fans may be used in the system, dependent on the flow rate necessary.
• the control unit may be adapted to control the ventilation means and/or the ventilation unit based on predetermined parameters. These parameters may for instance be determined in dependence of the kind of building, the outside air conditions etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ventilation (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-08-20 EP EP09168252A patent/EP2295880A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-08-20 ES ES10747702.8T patent/ES2566539T3/es active Active
  • 2010-08-20 WO PCT/NL2010/000123 patent/WO2011021929A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-20 PL PL10747702T patent/PL2467650T3/pl unknown
  • 2010-08-20 EP EP10747702.8A patent/EP2467650B1/de active Active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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