EP2467650B1 - Verfahren und system zur belüftung eines gebäudes - Google Patents

Verfahren und system zur belüftung eines gebäudes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2467650B1
EP2467650B1 EP10747702.8A EP10747702A EP2467650B1 EP 2467650 B1 EP2467650 B1 EP 2467650B1 EP 10747702 A EP10747702 A EP 10747702A EP 2467650 B1 EP2467650 B1 EP 2467650B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
room
air
building
ventilation
central
Prior art date
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Application number
EP10747702.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2467650A2 (de
Inventor
Johan Cornelis Phaff
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
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Priority to EP10747702.8A priority Critical patent/EP2467650B1/de
Priority to PL10747702T priority patent/PL2467650T3/pl
Publication of EP2467650A2 publication Critical patent/EP2467650A2/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a method and system for ventilating a building, which building is provided with a ventilation unit which is arranged for exchanging the air inside and outside the building.
  • a ventilation unit which is arranged for exchanging the air inside and outside the building.
  • the ventilation unit may be constituted by a heat recovery ventilation unit comprising means for forced air movement from the outside to the inside and means for forced air movement from the inside of the building to the outside.
  • Ducts are provided, leading to the various individual rooms in the building, for guiding fresh and exhaust air between the ventilation unit and the individual rooms.
  • An example of such prior art system has been shown in figure 1 .
  • the invention contemplates providing an improved method for ventilating a building to at least overcome said problem.
  • the invention is based on the understanding that stairwells, halls etc., besides their conventional function for offering, as a central room, access to other rooms at the same floor or at different floors, can additionally be used -as a multipurpose room- for the transportation of fresh air, fed to that central room by the central ventilation unit.
  • the central room extends throughout the building from the ground floor to about the roof or the attic, there is no need for a fresh air supply duct, as the function of fresh supply duct is taken over by the central room, extending between the ventilation unit in the roof area and the other rooms, connected to the central room, via inner doors.
  • contamination or pollution of the fresh air ducts which is a serious problem in the known ventilation systems- cannot occur. Contamination of the central room, acting as a fresh air supply duct, will be prevented by normal house cleaning activities.
  • the inner doors are provided with a ventilator, e.g. small fans or a combination of small fans and ventilation openings to force air to flow into or out of the relevant room from or to the central room, and extract the surplus of the return air through a fan or through a passive opening in the door.
  • a ventilator e.g. small fans or a combination of small fans and ventilation openings to force air to flow into or out of the relevant room from or to the central room, and extract the surplus of the return air through a fan or through a passive opening in the door.
  • the ventilation means comprise a fan that is adapted to be mechanically and/or electrically driven.
  • the ventilation means may comprise a mixing fan that is adapted to mix air from the central room and the respective rooms that can be entered via the inner doors provided with said mixing fans.
  • a further advantage of the use of said mixing fans is that air pressure differences inside the building can be minimized. Consequently, leakage of air through apertures in the building envelope remains as small as possible.
  • building envelope throughout this application is construed as the separation between the interior and the exterior environments of a building. It serves as the outer shell to protect the indoor environment as well as to facilitate its climate control.
  • GB 518,215 discloses a system for ventilating buildings, wherein air is supplied to a central room provided in the building via a ventilation unit that sucks air from outside the building.
  • the air can enter the rooms adjacent the central room via apertures provided in the walls.
  • the air may be heated or cooled.
  • the air may leave the rooms through spaces between the closed windows and the frames or alternatively via small ventilating discs or the like.
  • the inner door comprises next to the ventilator such as a fan, a further ventilation means, for instance a further fan or a passive opening.
  • a further ventilation means for instance a further fan or a passive opening.
  • a passive opening may for instance be a slit between the inner door and the floor below said inner door. Because in bedrooms the air flows are relatively small, a passive opening may suffice.
  • two fans may be provide to actively force the first and second air flows in the predetermined directions.
  • the first air flow from the central room to the other room and the second air flow, the return flow, from the other room back into the central room.
  • the first air flow and the second air flow may pass the inner door at different locations.
  • the first air may enter the other room via an upper passage provided in the inner door and the second air flow leaving the other room may enter the central room via a lower passage provided in the inner door. Due to the fan provided in the inner door, for instance at an upper side thereof, the air entering the other room may be blown into said room over a larger distance than the distance over which air is extracted out of said room via the further fan or the passive opening, for instance provided at a lower side of the door. Consequently, air that enters the room will not leave the room directly. The air is able to mix with air already available in said room before the surplus will leave the room again.
  • the location of passage of the respective first and second air flows may be exchanged. For instance, by providing the ventilation means in the inner door with valves, the flow direction may be reversed. Due the possibility to actively determine the flow directions and the locations of passage of said first and second air flows, the system may help to control the temperature inside the other room.
  • the warm air may leave the other room at the upper passage and fresh air may enter the room at the lower passage.
  • the other room is slightly cold, during warming said room fresh air may enter the other room via the upper passage and thus relatively cold air may leave the other room via the lower passage.
  • Such means may comprise a control that is adapted to control at least one ventilation means provided in the inner doors.
  • the control may further be arranged to control the ventilation unit in the top area of the building such that the air flow entering the building may be adapted to the demanded air flows over the inner doors.
  • the ventilation means in the inner doors - or the inner doors themselves - may include filter means for filtering the air moved from the central room to the relevant other rooms and/or vice versa. In this way aerosol dust, fibres and small particles etc. can be filtered out throughout the whole building, by which the indoor environment is further improved.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a prior art ventilation system, comprising an air to air heat recovery ventilation unit 1, which is connected to two duct systems, viz. a duct system 2 for collecting and transporting exhaust air from more or less temporarily damp rooms like the kitchen, toilet and bathroom, via the unit 1 to the outside, as well a duct system 3 arranged for distributing fresh air in living rooms and bedrooms etc.
  • a duct system 3 may cause (health) problems due to contamination at the inside of the duct, which can hardly be removed effectively.
  • the described prior art system is a so-called balanced mechanical ventilation system.
  • Other prior art systems (not shown) comprise a system with natural air supply and mechanical air extraction, a system with mechanical air supply and natural air extraction and an entirely natural ventilation system without mechanical intervention.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a first configuration of building ventilation system according to the invention, including a ventilation unit 4 mainly in the top area of the building, arranged for exchanging the air inside and outside the building.
  • the unit 4 may be similar to the unit 1 in the prior art configuration shown in figure 1 .
  • a duct system 5 is provided for exhausting air from the kitchen, toilet and bathroom.
  • the duct system may be similar to the duct system 2 in figure 1 .
  • the doors of several rooms open onto the stairwell 6, which runs from the ground floor to the attic.
  • Ventilation means, formed by small low power and quiet fans 8 in the inner doors 7 are provided to enable air to move from the central room 6 to the relevant other room or vice versa.
  • the surplus return flow may need a fan or a passive ventilation opening 9 in the door and/or the separation wall in dependence of the kind of other room to be ventilated.
  • the fan 8 may be provided adjacent an upper side of the inner door 7 and a further fan (not shown) or the passive ventilation opening may be provided at a lower side of the inner door.
  • a first air flow from the central room 6 may be forced into the other room (indicated with arrows) by means of the fan 8 provided in the inner door 7.
  • a second air flow, the surplus return flow may leave the room via a further fan 8 of via the passive ventilation opening 9.
  • the door 7 between the central room 6 and the living room (lower room at the right side of the building) comprises two fans 8, one arranged near the upper side of the inner door 7 and adapted to supply air to the living room and one arranged near the lower side of the inner door 7 provided to actively force the return flow back into the central room 6.
  • the door 7 between the central room 6 and the bedroom (room above the living room) comprises a fan 8 adjacent the upper side of the inner door 7 to supply air to the bedroom and a ventilation opening 9 adjacent the lower side of the door such that the surplus flow may leave the bedroom and return to the central room 6.
  • the configuration of the ventilation system that is shown in Figure 2 is particularly suitable to ventilate the building when the outer temperature is relatively low, for instance during the winter.
  • Relatively cold air is supplied to the other room via the upper fan 8 such that relatively warm air available in said other room will not leave the room upon supply of fresh air. Relatively cold air will leave the other room via the second fan 8, in case of the living room, or via the passive opening 9, in case of the bedroom.
  • the configuration of the system according to the invention may be slightly different, as shown in Figure 28.
  • the flow direction of the respective fans 8 (indicated with arrows) is opposite of the flow direction of the respective fans 8 as shown in Figure 2 . This configuration may be desired in case the outer temperature may be relatively high, for instance during summer.
  • the concentration of contamination inside the rooms adjacent the central room will be lower in comparison to the prior art system as described earlier and considerably lower compared to so called "leeward bedrooms" for ventilation systems with mechanical extract ventilation and ventilation systems with natural ventilation.
  • Due to the ventilation via the inner doors no apertures in the building envelope are necessary compared to ventilation systems with mechanical extract ventilation and ventilation systems with natural ventilation. This contributes to an increased thermal and sound insulation of the building.
  • no ventilation grids have to be provided in the window frame, maximizing the view and indoor lighting through said windows.
  • a control module 10 may be provided for setting indoor climate parameters, measuring climate variables and controlling the speed and/or direction of the inner door fans 8.
  • the connections between the control module 10 and the fans 8 and the unit 4 may be wired or wireless.
  • the inner doors 7 and/or fans 8 may be provided with sensors, providing that the individual fans only are energized at mainly closed inner doors and only at occupied and/or used rooms. In case the inner doors 7 are open, the ventilation between the central room and the other room is ensured. Consequently, no need to actively force air from the central room to the other room is necessary when the inner door is in an open position.
  • control unit may be adapted to control the ventilation means and/or the ventilation unit based on predetermined parameters. These parameters may for instance be determined in dependence of the kind of building, the outside air conditions etc.

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zur Belüftung eines Gebäudes, umfassend folgende Schritte:
    - Bereitstellung einer Belüftungseinheit (4), hauptsächlich im oberen Bereich des Gebäudes, angeordnet zum Austauschen von Luft innerhalb und außerhalb des Gebäudes;
    - Bereitstellung eines zentralen Raumes (6), z. B. eines Treppenhauses oder einer Halle, über den mehrere andere Räume durch Innentüren (7) betreten werden können, wobei die Belüftungseinheit angeordnet ist, um Frischluft dem zentralen Raum zuzuführen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren ferner folgende Schritte umfasst:
    - Ausrüstung von mindestens einem Teil der Innentüren und/oder einer Trennwand mit mindestens einem Ventilator (8), angeordnet um Luft zu zwingen, sich von dem zentralen Raum (6) zu dem entsprechenden anderen Raum und/oder umgekehrt zu bewegen, wobei die Innentür (7) und/oder die Trennwand ferner mindestens mit einem weiteren Ventilationsmittel oder einer passiven Öffnung (9) für den Uberschuss eines Rückstroms von Luft versehen ist, um eine Zweiwege-Strömungsrate über die Innentüren (7) zu schaffen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Ventilator (8) einen Lüfter, wie beispielsweise einen Umwälzlüfter umfasst, der mechanisch und/oder elektrisch angetrieben wird.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Ventilator gleichzeitig für einen ersten Luftstrom zwischen dem zentralen Raum (6) und dem mindestens einen anderen Raum und einen zweiten Luftstrom zwischen dem mindestens einen anderen Raum und dem zentralen Raum (6) sorgt, sodass in einer Innenseite des mindestens einen anderen Raumes der erste Luftstrom sich mit der in dem Raum anwesenden Luft vermischt und Luft aus dem Raum den Raum mit dem zweiten Luftstrom verlässt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei der erste Luftstrom und der zweite Luftstrom die Innentür (7) an verschiedenen Stellen passieren, zum Beispiel dass der erste Luftstrom über einen oberen Durchgang in den anderen Raum eintritt und der zweite Luftstrom über einen unteren Durchgang, der in der Innentür bereitgestellt ist, den anderen Raum verlässt.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Durchgangsstelle des jeweiligen ersten und zweiten Luftstroms ausgetauscht wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend das Einstellen von Innenraum-Klimaparametern, das Messen von Klimavariablen und das Steuern der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Richtung der Ventilatoren.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2-6, umfassend, dass die Innentürlüfter (8) nur bei vorwiegend geschlossenen Innentüren (7) mit Strom versorgt werden.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2-7, wobei die Lüfter (8) nur bei besetzten und/oder verwendeten Räumen auf Anfrage mit Strom versorgt werden.
  9. System zur Belüftung eines Gebäudes, umfassend eine Ventilationseinheit (4), hauptsächlich im oberen Bereich des Gebäudes, angeordnet zum Austauschen der Luft innerhalb und außerhalb des Gebäudes, einen zentralen Raum (6), z. B. ein Treppenhaus oder eine Halle, über den mehrere andere Räume durch Innentüren (7) betreten werden können, wobei die Ventilationseinheit angeordnet ist, um Frischluft dem zentralen Raum zuzuführen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    mindestens einen Ventilator (8) in mindestens einem Teil der Innentüren und/oder einer Trennwand, angeordnet, um Luft von dem zentralen Raum zu dem entsprechenden anderen Raum zu bewegen oder umgekehrt, wobei die Innentüren und/oder die Trennwand ferner mit einem weiteren Lüfter oder einer passiven Öffnung (9) versehen ist, sodass eine Zweiwege-Strömungsrate über die Innentüren und/oder Innenwände geschaffen wird.
  10. System nach Anspruch 9, wobei der mindestens eine Ventilator einen Lüfter umfasst, beispielsweise einen Umwälzlüfter, der mechanisch und/oder elektrisch angetrieben werden kann, um einen Luftstrom aktiv in eine vorbestimmte Richtung zu zwingen.
  11. System nach einem der Ansprüche 9-10, umfassend Mittel (10), angeordnet zum Einstellen von Klimaparametern, Messen von Klimavariablen und Steuern der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Richtung der Innentürventilatoren.
  12. System nach einem der Ansprüche 9-11, umfassend Mittel (10), die dafür sorgen, dass die Innentürventilatoren nur bei vorwiegend geschlossenen Innentüren mit Strom versorgt werden.
  13. System nach einem der Ansprüche 11-12, wobei die Mittel zum Einstellen von Parametern und/oder die Mittel, um die Ventilatoren mit Strom zu versorgen, eine Steuereinheit (10) umfassen, die geeignet ist, die jeweiligen Ventilationsmittel (9) zu steuern.
  14. System nach einem der Ansprüche 9-13, wobei der Ventilator Filtermittel zum Filtern von Luft, die von dem zentralen Raum zu den entsprechenden anderen Räumen und/oder umgekehrt bewegt wird, umfasst.
EP10747702.8A 2009-08-20 2010-08-20 Verfahren und system zur belüftung eines gebäudes Active EP2467650B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10747702.8A EP2467650B1 (de) 2009-08-20 2010-08-20 Verfahren und system zur belüftung eines gebäudes
PL10747702T PL2467650T3 (pl) 2009-08-20 2010-08-20 Sposób i układ wentylacji budynku

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09168252A EP2295880A1 (de) 2009-08-20 2009-08-20 Verfahren und Anlage zur Beluftung des Gebäudes
PCT/NL2010/000123 WO2011021929A2 (en) 2009-08-20 2010-08-20 Method and system for ventilating a building
EP10747702.8A EP2467650B1 (de) 2009-08-20 2010-08-20 Verfahren und system zur belüftung eines gebäudes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2467650A2 EP2467650A2 (de) 2012-06-27
EP2467650B1 true EP2467650B1 (de) 2016-01-06

Family

ID=41110940

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09168252A Withdrawn EP2295880A1 (de) 2009-08-20 2009-08-20 Verfahren und Anlage zur Beluftung des Gebäudes
EP10747702.8A Active EP2467650B1 (de) 2009-08-20 2010-08-20 Verfahren und system zur belüftung eines gebäudes

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09168252A Withdrawn EP2295880A1 (de) 2009-08-20 2009-08-20 Verfahren und Anlage zur Beluftung des Gebäudes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2295880A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2566539T3 (de)
PL (1) PL2467650T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2011021929A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105181268B (zh) * 2015-05-27 2017-09-12 天津大学建筑设计研究院 建筑中庭外窗漏风量的测定方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1696000A (en) * 1926-12-11 1928-12-18 Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Ventilator
GB518215A (en) * 1938-07-13 1940-02-21 Max Berlowitz Improved method and means for ventilating buildings
WO1988002805A1 (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-04-21 John George Hamilton Ventilation device
DE4134305C2 (de) * 1991-10-17 1997-05-22 Eduard Dreher Frischluftanlage
SE9800003D0 (sv) * 1998-01-02 1998-01-02 Goeran Bernhardsson Förfarande för beräkning och dimensionering av ventilationssystem samt anordning för fördelning av luft till rumsenheter
DE19841540B4 (de) * 1998-09-11 2013-10-24 Wolfram Klingsch Anordnung und Verfahren zur Druckbelüftung von sicherheitsrelevanten Teilen eines Gebäudes
DE202004016229U1 (de) * 2004-10-19 2005-01-05 Leithner, Hans Joachim Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Luftüberdruckes in einem Flucht-Treppenhaus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2467650T3 (pl) 2016-07-29
WO2011021929A3 (en) 2013-02-28
EP2467650A2 (de) 2012-06-27
EP2295880A1 (de) 2011-03-16
WO2011021929A2 (en) 2011-02-24
ES2566539T3 (es) 2016-04-13

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